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Aeronautics and Space Report of the President
Aeronautics and Space Report of the President 1971 Activities NOTE TO READERS: ALL PRINTED PAGES ARE INCLUDED, UNNUMBERED BLANK PAGES DURING SCANNING AND QUALITY CONTROL CHECK HAVE BEEN DELETED Aeronautics and Space Report of the President 197 I Activities i W Executive Office of the President National Aeronautics and Space Council Washington, D.C. 20502 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE OF TRANSMITTAL To the Congress of the United States: I am pleased to transmit herewith a report of our national progress in aero- nautics and space activities during 1971. This report shows that we have made forward strides toward each of the six objectives which I set forth for a balanced space program in my statement of March 7, 1970. Aided by the improvements we have made in mobility, our explorers on the moon last summer produced new, exciting and useful evidence on the structure and origin of the moon. Several phenomena which they uncovered are now under study. Our unmanned nearby observation of Mars is similarly valuable and significant for the advancement of science. During 1971, we gave added emphasis to aeronautics activities which contribute substantially to improved travel conditions, safety and security, and we gained in- creasing recognition that space and aeronautical research serves in many ways to keep us in the forefront of man’s technological achievements. There can be little doubt that the investments we are now making in explora- tions of the unknown are but a prelude to the accomplishments of mankind in future generations. THEWHITE HOUSE, March 1972 iii Table of Contents Page Page I . Progress Toward U.S. -
Jacques Tiziou Space Collection
Jacques Tiziou Space Collection Isaac Middleton and Melissa A. N. Keiser 2019 National Air and Space Museum Archives 14390 Air & Space Museum Parkway Chantilly, VA 20151 [email protected] https://airandspace.si.edu/archives Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Administrative Information .............................................................................................. 1 Biographical / Historical.................................................................................................... 1 Scope and Contents........................................................................................................ 2 Arrangement..................................................................................................................... 2 Names and Subjects ...................................................................................................... 2 Container Listing ............................................................................................................. 4 Series : Files, (bulk 1960-2011)............................................................................... 4 Series : Photography, (bulk 1960-2011)................................................................. 25 Jacques Tiziou Space Collection NASM.2018.0078 Collection Overview Repository: National Air and Space Museum Archives Title: Jacques Tiziou Space Collection Identifier: NASM.2018.0078 Date: (bulk 1960s through -
1. State of the Magnetosphere
VOL. 78, NO. 16 3OURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH 3UNE 1, 1973 SatelliteStudies of MagnetosphericSubstorms on August15, 1968 1. Stateof the Magnetosphere R. L. M CPHERRON Department o] Planetary and SpaceScience and Institute o] Geophysicsand Planetary Physics University o] California, Los Angeles,California 90024 The sequenceof eventsoccurring throughou.t the magnetosphereduring a substormhas not been precisely determined. This paper introduces a collection.of papers that attempts to establish this sequencefor two substormson August 15, 1968. Data from a wide variety of sourcesare used, the major emphasisbeing changesin the magnetic field. In this paper we use ground magnetograms to determine the onset times of two substorms that occurred while the Ogo 5 satellite was inbound on the midnight meridian through the cusp region of the geomagnetictail (the region of rapid changefrom taillike to dipolar field). We concludethat at least two worldwide substormexpansions were precededby growth phases.Probable begin- nings of these phaseswere at 0330 and 0640 UT. However, the onset of the former growth phase was partially obscuredby the effects of a preceding expansionphase around 0220 and a possible localized event in the auroral zone near 0320 UT. The onsets of the cor- respondingexpansion phases were 0430 and 0714 UT. Further support for these determina- tions is provided by data discussedin the subsequentnotes. The precise sequenceof events that occurs Ogo 5 in the near tail, and ATS I at syn- during a magnetosphericsubstorm has not been chronousorbit. Solar wind plasma parameters established.Among the reasons for this are were measured by Vela 4A. Magnetospheric lack of consistencyin the definition of sub- convection is inferred from a combination of storm onset and the wide variability of suc- plasmapauseobservations on Ogo 4 and 5 in cessivesubstorms. -
Desind Finding
NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE ARCHIVES Herbert Stephen Desind Collection Accession No. 1997-0014 NASM 9A00657 National Air and Space Museum Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC Brian D. Nicklas © Smithsonian Institution, 2003 NASM Archives Desind Collection 1997-0014 Herbert Stephen Desind Collection 109 Cubic Feet, 305 Boxes Biographical Note Herbert Stephen Desind was a Washington, DC area native born on January 15, 1945, raised in Silver Spring, Maryland and educated at the University of Maryland. He obtained his BA degree in Communications at Maryland in 1967, and began working in the local public schools as a science teacher. At the time of his death, in October 1992, he was a high school teacher and a freelance writer/lecturer on spaceflight. Desind also was an avid model rocketeer, specializing in using the Estes Cineroc, a model rocket with an 8mm movie camera mounted in the nose. To many members of the National Association of Rocketry (NAR), he was known as “Mr. Cineroc.” His extensive requests worldwide for information and photographs of rocketry programs even led to a visit from FBI agents who asked him about the nature of his activities. Mr. Desind used the collection to support his writings in NAR publications, and his building scale model rockets for NAR competitions. Desind also used the material in the classroom, and in promoting model rocket clubs to foster an interest in spaceflight among his students. Desind entered the NASA Teacher in Space program in 1985, but it is not clear how far along his submission rose in the selection process. He was not a semi-finalist, although he had a strong application. -
Solar Radiation (SOLRAD) Satellite Summary Table As of 26 March 2004
Solar Radiation (SOLRAD) Satellite Summary Table as of 26 March 2004 Satellite Name Launch Date Transmitter(s) Vanguard 3 18 September 1959 108.00 Mc/s 30 mW FM/PM IRIG 2, 3, 4 & 5 Explorer 7 13 October 1959 19.9915 Mc/s 660 mW FM/AM IRIG 2, 3, 4 & 5 Solrad Dummy 13 April 1960 Inert Test Article Sun Ray 1 22 June 1960 108.00 Mc/s 40 mW FM/AM IRIG Ch 4 & Ch 5 Sun Ray 2 30 November 1960 (Failure) 108.00 Mc/s 40 mW FM/AM IRIG Ch 4 & Ch 5 here Sun Ray 3 29 June 1961 (Partial failure) 108.00 Mc/s Sun Ray 4 24 January 1962 (Failure) 108.09 Mc/s 100 mW FM/AM Sun Ray 4B 26 April 1962 (Failure) 108.00 Mc/s 100 mW FM/AM 20 inch sp Sun Ray 5 Not Launched Sun Ray 6 15 June 1963 136.890 MHz 100 mW FM/AM SolRad 7A 11 January 1964 136.887 MHz 100 mW FM/AM IRIG Ch 3 to 8 SolRad 7B 9 March 1965 136.800 MHz 100 mW FM/AM IRIG Ch 3 to 8 SolRad 8 19 November 1965 137.41 MHz 1W Stored data playback Explorer 30 136.44 MHz 100mW 24 inch sphere Solar Explorer A 136.53 MHz 100mW SolRad 9 5 March 1968 136.41 MHz 500 mW Stored data playback Explorer 37 136.52 MHz 150 mW Primary RT FM/AM IRIG 3 to 8 Solar Explorer B 137.59 MHz 150 mW RT FM/AM IRIG 3 to 7, 12 PCM SolRad 10 8 July 1971 136.38 MHz 250 mW 5W on cmd TM2 - PCM/PM or Stored Data or Stellrad on cmd Explorer 44 137.71 MHz 250 mW TM1 - PAM/PCM/FM/PM RT analog (chs 4-8, COSPAR Ch 7) Solar Explorer-C and digital PCM (ch 12) SolRad 11A & 14 March 1976 137.44 MHz 5W (11A), 136.53 MHz 5W (11B) SolRad 11B 102.4 bps PCM/BiØ-L/PM convolutional encoded (R=½, k=7) Early X-ray missions Name Vanguard 3 Launch Date 1959 September 18.22 UTC SAO ID 1959 ? (Eta) COSPAR ID 1959-07A Catalog No. -
Intervening Material in Sight-Lines Towards Grbs and Qsos
Programa de Doctorado en F´ısica y Matem´aticas Universidad de Granada Cosmic Lighthouses at High Redshift: Intervening material in sight-lines towards GRBs and QSOs Rub´en S´anchez Ram´ırez Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 10 June 2016 Supervisors: Prof. Javier Gorosabel Urkia, Dr. Antonio de Ugarte Postigo, and Prof. Alberto J. Castro Tirado Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Andaluc´ıa Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient´ıficas Para todos aquellos que caminaron a mi lado, a´unsin yo mismo entender hacia d´ondeme dirig´ıa... ii In Memoriam Javier Gorosabel Urquia (1969 - 2015) “El polvo de las estrellas se convirti´oun dia en germen de vida. Y de ´elsurgimos nosotros en algun momento. Y asi vivimos, creando y recreando nuestro ambito. Sin descanso. Trabajando pervivimos. Y a esa dura cadena estamos todos atados.” — Izarren Hautsa, Mikel Laboa “La vida son estos momentos que luego se te olvidan”. Esa fue la conclusi´on a la que lleg´oJavier al final de uno de esos fant´asticos d´ıas intensos y maratonianos a los que me ten´ıa acostumbrado. Vi´endolo ahora con perspectiva estaba en lo cierto, porque por m´as que me esfuerce en recordar y explicar lo que era el d´ıa a d´ıa con ´el, no puedo transmitir con justicia lo que realmente fue. La reconstrucci´on de esos momentos es inevitablemente incompleta. Contaros c´omo era Javier como jefe es muy sencillo: ´el nunca se comport´ocomo un jefe conmigo. Nunca orden´o. Siempre me dec´ıa, lleno de orgullo, que no le hac´ıa ni caso. -
Weapons-Test Connection by Roger C
COMMENT The Weapons-Test Connection by Roger C. Eckhardt t the test ban summit meetings in 1959, Stirling Colgate from the gamma-ray detectors were searched for enhanced signals in watched the attention of the delegates drifting off the the vicinity of the times of reported supernovae in distant galaxies. technical discussion onto thoughts of wine and women. When these searches proved fruitless, the idea that an unknown and A He refocused their attention with one abrupt question: startlingly different phenomenon might be hiding in the data could Would the gamma rays from a supernova trigger the detectors in the not be examined with high priority by the people involved. During the proposed test-surveillance satellites? With this question, Colgate ten-year span they, instead, pursued an answer to a broader version connected the political goal of test surveillance with the scientific goal of Colgate’s original query: Could a natural background event mimic of understanding cosmic phenomena. In the satellite detection of the signal of an exe-atmospheric weapons test? Although this gamma rays this connection has persisted now for two decades. question was directed primarily toward the political goal, the natural However, it has been perceived in different ways with different scientific drive to eliminate even minor doubts resulted eventually in a consequences by different groups of people. surprise—the discovery of gamma-ray bursts. In truth, the time span At one extreme is the opinion represented by the National was due, not to classification, but to the fact that gamma-ray bursts Enquirer story that claimed gamma-ray bursts were evidence of were totally unexpected. -
Index of Astronomia Nova
Index of Astronomia Nova Index of Astronomia Nova. M. Capderou, Handbook of Satellite Orbits: From Kepler to GPS, 883 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-03416-4, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 Bibliography Books are classified in sections according to the main themes covered in this work, and arranged chronologically within each section. General Mechanics and Geodesy 1. H. Goldstein. Classical Mechanics, Addison-Wesley, Cambridge, Mass., 1956 2. L. Landau & E. Lifchitz. Mechanics (Course of Theoretical Physics),Vol.1, Mir, Moscow, 1966, Butterworth–Heinemann 3rd edn., 1976 3. W.M. Kaula. Theory of Satellite Geodesy, Blaisdell Publ., Waltham, Mass., 1966 4. J.-J. Levallois. G´eod´esie g´en´erale, Vols. 1, 2, 3, Eyrolles, Paris, 1969, 1970 5. J.-J. Levallois & J. Kovalevsky. G´eod´esie g´en´erale,Vol.4:G´eod´esie spatiale, Eyrolles, Paris, 1970 6. G. Bomford. Geodesy, 4th edn., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1980 7. J.-C. Husson, A. Cazenave, J.-F. Minster (Eds.). Internal Geophysics and Space, CNES/Cepadues-Editions, Toulouse, 1985 8. V.I. Arnold. Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics, Graduate Texts in Mathematics (60), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1989 9. W. Torge. Geodesy, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1991 10. G. Seeber. Satellite Geodesy, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1993 11. E.W. Grafarend, F.W. Krumm, V.S. Schwarze (Eds.). Geodesy: The Challenge of the 3rd Millennium, Springer, Berlin, 2003 12. H. Stephani. Relativity: An Introduction to Special and General Relativity,Cam- bridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004 13. G. Schubert (Ed.). Treatise on Geodephysics,Vol.3:Geodesy, Elsevier, Oxford, 2007 14. D.D. McCarthy, P.K. -
Journal Vol21 No106 Pp311-340
Vol. Vol. 21 No. 106 Journal of the Radio Research Laboratories 1974 Printed Printed in Tokyo, Japan pp. 311-340 UDC 523. 7: 525 “1972.08 ” SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL DISTURBANCES OF AUGUST 1972 4. 4. SOLAR X-RAY FLARES AND THEIR CORRESPONDING SUDDEN IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES By Mitsuo OHSHIO (Received (Received Feb. 22, 1973) ABSTRACT Four Four solar X-ray flares which occurred early in August, 1972, were large, being being inferred from sudden ionospheric disturbances caused by the pertinent flares. The time variations of the solar X-ray flux intensity observed could not be obtained obtained at the maximum stage of these four events owing to the artificial satel- lite lite eclipse and/or the saturation of the detector. Both of estimation from extra- polation polation in the shape of time variation and from the maximum phase deviation of of the normalized sudden phase anomaly (SP A) observed show that the maximum solar solar X-ray (1 ～8 A) flare flux intensities or the maximum enhanced ones for August August 4 and 7 were as large as to exceed 1 erg cm-2 s-1. Their decreasing stages stages were as long as to last more than half a day. The use of a flare model valid valid for the arrival of solar ionizing agents of the largest class during the pertinent pertinent period showed that the enhanced electron density in the ionosphere was larger larger than the quiet one by about two orders at the altitude of 70 km and by 2 to to 1 times at the altitude of 90 to 120 km. -
National Security and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Seventy Years of Scince for the Navy and the Nation (1923-1993)
Naval Research Laboratory AD-A277 703 Washington, DC 20375-5320 liilli llllIl1lll1ll1lll1 NRL/FR/1003--94-959 National Security and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Seventy Years of Science for the Navy and the Nation (1923-1993) AELECTEDTIC D. J. DEYOUNG APR 011994 Office of Strategic Planning Executive Directorate March 29, 1994 94-09981 [9Approved for public release; distributionunlimited. 9 4 1 29 The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) was officially established on July 2, 1923, as the Naval Experimental and Research Laboratory. In the following seven decades, research efforts have expanded from the two original areas of scientific endeavor, radio and underwater sound, to 19 broad areas that encompass many diverse fields. NRL is the Navy's Corporate Laboratory and is under the command of the Chief of Naval Research. The Laboratory occupies its original site on the banks of the Potomac River in the southwest corner of Washington, D.C. Since NRL's establishment, the number of buildings has expanded from the original five to more than 170, and the main Laboratory site has expanded from 27.5 to 129 acres. The original group of about 20 employees has grown to more than 3900, including those at the main site and at 14 field sites. On January 14, 1992, the Naval Oceanographic and Atmospheric Research Laboratory (with sites in both Mississippi and California) was merged with NRL as part of the U.S. Navy's post-Cold War research, development, technology, and engineering RDT&E) consolidation efforts. This merger brought facilities and personnel at Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, and Monterey, California, under NRL management. -
5 Orbit and Ground Track of a Satellite
5 Orbit and Ground Track of a Satellite 5.1 Position of the Satellite on its Orbit Let (O; x, y, z) be the Galilean reference frame already defined. The satellite S is in an elliptical orbit around the centre of attraction O. The orbital plane P makes a constant angle i with the equatorial plane E. However, although this plane P is considered as fixed relative to in the Keplerian motion, in a real (perturbed) motion, it will in fact rotate about the polar axis. This is precessional motion,1 occurring with angular speed Ω˙ , as calculated in the last two chapters. A schematic representation of this motion is given in Fig. 5.1. We shall describe the position of S in using the Euler angles. 5.1.1 Position of the Satellite The three Euler angles ψ, θ and χ were introduced in Sect. 2.3.2 to specify the orbit and its perigee in space. In the present case, we wish to specify S. We obtain the correspondence between the Euler angles and the orbital elements using Fig. 2.1: ψ = Ω, (5.1) θ = i, (5.2) χ = ω + v. (5.3) Although they are fixed for the Keplerian orbit, the angles Ω, ω and M − nt vary in time for a real orbit. The inclination i remains constant, however. The distance from S to the centre of attraction O is given by (1.41), expressed in terms of the true anomaly v : a(1 − e2) r = . (5.4) 1+e cos v 1 The word ‘precession’, meaning ‘the action of preceding’, was coined by Coper- nicus around 1530 (præcessio in Latin) to speak about the precession of the equinoxes, i.e., the retrograde motion of the equinoctial points. -
19750010749.Pdf
U. of Iowa 75-2 (NASA-CR-1 42299) MAGNETOSPHERIC AND AURORAL N75-18821 PLASMAS: A SHORT SURVEY OF PROGRESS, 1971 - 1975 (Iowa Univ.) 86 p HC $4.75 CSCL 04A Unclas G3/46 12440 vERSITYW Of OU(JNDED I 8 C Department of Physics and Astronomy THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA Iowa City, Iowa 52242 U. of Iowa 75- 2 MAGNETOSPHERIC AND AURORAL PLASMAS: A SHORT SURVEY OF PROGRESS, 1971 - 1975 * + by L. A. Frank January 1975 Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 52242 *Research supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration iinlt-r rant NGL-16-001-002 and contracts NAS5-11039 and NAS5-11064 and by the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-68-A-0196-0009. +To be presented at the IUGG General Assembly, Grenoble, France, 25 August - 6 September 1975; to be published in Reviews of Geophysics, 1975. UNCLASSIFIED StCURITY CLAS1,IFICAT)ON OF THI; PAGE (1"hn D~et Fnferod) -.PO T.CU . -. READ ,:.i:T;lCT2oNS REPO' T C;CU.N...... A 5...Fo c 'iTI.G 1CM REPORT NUm4aR 2. GOVT ACCES4ION NO. 3, TECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMDLUt U. of Iowa 75-2 4. TITLE (and Subtile.) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED Review paper. MAGNETOSPHERIC AND AURORAL PLASMAS: 1971 - 1975 A SHORT SURVEY OF PROGRESS, 6.PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMIKER 1971 - 1975 COt4TRAC OR ORtA41 NUMtEPI(s) 7. AUTHOR(e) . L. A. Frank N00014-68-A-0196-0009 AND ACJiUR( 3 10. P OORAM ELWHiTh'T, PROJCT. TASK 9. PERFOntrAING ORGANIZATION NAME A+ A & WOfK UNIT ,UM&RS Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 52242 II.