"Melalui Pembinaan Karakter Kita Tingkatkan Kehidupan

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"MELALUI PEMBINAAN KARAKTER KITA TINGKATKAN KEHIDUPAN BERAGAM" OLEH I WAYAN SURPA UPT PPKB UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA 2016 DAFTAR ISI Kata Pengantar ............................................................................................... i Daftar Isi......................................................................................................... ii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ......................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang........................................................................ 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................. 1 1.3 Tujuan ..................................................................................... 1 BAB II PEMBAHASAN ............................................................................ 2 2.1 Pengertian Pendidikan Karakter ............................................. 2-3 2.2 Etika dan Moralitas................................................................. 3-4 2.3 Etika dan Moral dalam Kerangka Dasar Agama Hindu ......... 4-10 2.4 Tujuan Etika dan Moralitas dalam Agama Hindu .................. 10 BAB III PENUTUP ..................................................................................... 11 3.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................. 11 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................... 12 ii BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Latar Belakang Seperti yang kita ketahui bersama bahwa tujuan beretika yang baik untuk mimbina hubungan yang harmonis atar manusia, dalam ajaran agama Hidu tidak hanya hubungan antara manusia, namun juga hubungan manusia dengan tuhan dan hubungan manusia dengan alam. Tata susila dalam ajaran agama Hindu merupakan salah satu dasar dari tiga kerangka dasar agama Hindu disamping sraddha dan acara yang bersumber pada kitab suci veda, dan susastra Hindu lainya. Didalam kita hidup bermasyarakat serta karena manusia merupakan makhluk sosial tidak seorangpun boleh bertindak sesuka hati, seorang harus bias beradaptasi atau menyesuaikan diri terhadap lingkungannya, tunduk dan patuh mengikuti peraturan yang berlaku dilingkannya. Dalam ajaran agama Hindu aturan atau peraturan bertingkah laku yang baik disebut 'sila' yang dalam bahasa Indonesia menjadi tata susila. Nama lain dari istilah tersebut adalah etika, etika berarti sopan santun dalam pergaulan. Bila etika masih dalam angan-angan disebut dengan budi luhur dan bila diwujudkan dalam tingkah laku disebut dengan budi pekerti yang baik. Di dalam masa sekarang kali yuga dimana peradaban manusia semakain meningkat, namaun etika, moralitas, budhi pekerti serta sepritual manusia semakin terkikis dan semakin memudar karena lebih mementingkan hawa nafsu serta harta dan egois yang membelenggu dalam dirinya, untuk menjadi seorang yang dihormati. Perubahan etika atau tatasusila dalam kehidupan dizaman sekrang sangatlah dahsyat dan mencakup terhadap semua aspek dan kompleks, serta terjadinya pergeseran nilai-nilai yang luhur yang telah diwarisi oleh leluhur kearah yang lebih negatif. Sehingga diperlukannya suatu gerakan dan kita sebagai generasi muda mewujudkan nilai-nilai luhur serta kehidupan yang harmonis. 1 1.2. Rumusan Masalah 1. Apa pengertian dari pendidikan karakter? 2. Apa pengertian etika dan moral? 3. Bagaimana etika dan moral dalam kerangka dasar agama hindu? 4. Apa saja tujuan etika dan moral dalam agama hindu? 1.3. Tujuan 1. Untuk mengetahui pengertian dari pendidikan karakter. 2. Untuk mengetahui apa itu etika dan moral. 3. Untuk mengetahui apa saja yang termasuk etika dan moral dalam agama hindu. 4. Untuk mengetahui tujuan adanya etika dan moral dalam agama hindu. 2 BAB II PEMBAHASAN 2.1. Pengertian Pendidikan Karakter Menurut T. Ramli (2003), pendidikan karakter memiliki esensi dan makna yang sama dengan pendidikan moral dan pendidikan akhlak. Tujuannya adalah membentuk pribadi anak, supaya menjadi manusia yang baik, warga masyarakat, dan warga negara yang baik. Oleh karena itu, hakikat dari pendidikan karakter dalam konteks pendidikan di Indonesia adalah pedidikan nilai, yakni pendidikan nilai-nilai yang bersumber dari budaya bangsa Indonesia sendiri, dalam membina kepribadian generasi muda. Pendidikan karakter merupakan suatu sistem penanaman nilai-nilai karakter kepada warga sekolah yang meliputi komponen pengetahuan, kesadaran atau kemauan, dan tindakan untuk melaksanakan nilai-nilai tersebut. Secara garis besar, jadi pengertian pendidikan karakter adalah suatu usaha pengembangan dan mendidik karakter seseorang, yaitu kejiwaan, akhlak dan budi pekerti sehingga menjadi lebih baik. Terdapat beberapa nilai-nilai dalam pengembangan pendidikan budaya dan karakter bangsa. Mulai tahun ajaran 2011, seluruh tingkat pendidikan di Indonesia harus menyisipkan pendidikan berkarakter tersebut dalam proses pendidikannya, antara lain: a. Religius, yakni Sikap dan perilaku yang patuh dalam melaksanakan ajaran agania yang dianutnya, toleran terhadap pelaksanaan ibadah agama lain, dan hidup rukun dengan pemeluk agama lain. b. Jujur, yakni Perilaku yang didasarkan pada upaya menjadikan dirinya sebagai orang yang selalu dapat dipercaya dalam perkataan, tindakan, dan pekerjaan. c. Toleransi, yakni Sikap dan tindakan yang menghargai perbedaan agama, suku, etnis, pendapat, sikap, dan tindakan orang lain yang berbeda dari dirinya. 3 d. Disiplin, yakni Tindakan yang menunjukkan perilaku tertib dan patuh pada berbagai ketentuan dan peraturan. e. Kerja Keras, yakni Tindakan yang menunjukkan perilaku tertib dan patuh pada berbagai ketentuan dan peraturan. f. Kreatif, yakni Berpikir dan melakukan sesuatu untuk menghasilkan cara atau hasil baru dari sesuatu yang telah dimiliki. g. Mandiri, yakni Sikap dan perilaku yang tidak mudah tergantung pada orang lain dalam menyelesaikan tugas-tugas. h. Demokratis, yakni Cara berfikir, bersikap, dan bertindak yang menilai sama hak dan kewajiban dirinya dan orang lain. i. Rasa Ingin Tahu, yakni Sikap dan tindakan yang selalu berupaya untuk mengetahui lebih mendalam dan meluas dari sesuatu yang dipelajarinya, dilihat, dan didengar. j. Semangat Kebangsaan, yakni Cara berpikir, bertindak, dan berwawasan yang menempatkan kepentingan bangsa dan negara di atas kepentingan diri dan kelompoknya. k. Cinta Tanah Air, yakni Cara berpikir, bertindak, dan berwawasan yang menempatkan kepentingan bangsa dan negara di atas kepentingan diri dan kelompoknya. l. Menghargai Prestasi, yakni Sikap dan tindakan yang mendorong dirinya untuk menghasilkan sesuatu yang berguna bagi masyarakat, dan mengakui, serta menghormati keberhasilan orang lain m. Bersahabat/Komunikatif, yakni sikap dan tindakan yang mendorong dirinya untuk menghasilkan sesuatu yang berguna bagi masyarakat, dan mengakui, serta menghormati keberhasilan orang lain. n. Cinta Damai, yakni Sikap dan tindakan yang mendorong dirinya untuk menghasilkan sesuatu yang berguna bagi masyarakat, dan mengakui, serta menghormati keberhasilan orang lain. o. Gemar Membaca, yakni Kebiasaan menyediakan waktu untuk membaca berbagai bacaan yang memberikan kebajikan bagi dirinya. p. Peduli Lingkungan, yakni Sikap dan tindakan yang selalu berupaya mencegah kerusakan pada lingkungan alam di sekitarnya, dan 4 mengembangkan upaya-upaya untuk memperbaiki kerusakan alam yang sudah terjadi. q. Peduli Sosial, yakni Sikap dan tindakan yang selalu ingin memberi bantuan pada orang lain dan masyarakat yang membutuhkan. r. Tanggung Jawab, yakni Sikap dan perilaku seseorang untuk melaksanakan tugas dan kewajibannya, yang seharusnya dia lakukan, terhadap diri sendiri, masyarakat, lingkungan (alam, sosial dan budaya), negara dan Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. 2.2. Etika dan Moralitas Kata etika berasal dari bahasa yunani "ethos" yang mempunyai banyak arti seperti watak, perasaan, sikap, perilaku, karakter, tatakrama, tatasusila, sopan santun, cara berpikir dan Iain-lain. Sementara itu bentuk jamak dari kata "ethos adalah "ta etha" yang berarti adat kebiasaan. Sedangakan moralitas dengan kata asal moral yang memiliki pengertian sama dengan etika berasal dari bahasa Latin "mos" (jamaknya "mores") yang berarti kebiasaan atau adat. Jadi pengertiaannya sama dengan "ta etha" atau ethos yaitu adat kebiasaan. Dengan latar belakang pengertian yang sama seperti itu, maka sudah zaman dahulu etika dipakai untuk memmjukakan filsafat moral. Etika lalu diartikan sebagai ilmu tenang apa yang biasa dilakukan atau ilmu tentang adat kebiasaan atau sebagai ilmu pengetahuan tentang asas-asas akhlak atau moral. Disamping pengertian termaksud diatas, makna lain mengenai etika dan moralitas dapat pula dijelaskan seperti dibawah ini: Etika yang mempunyai makna hampir sama dengan moral yaitu kebiasaan atau adat. Dalam hal ini moral mengandung makna berkenaan dengan perbuatan yang baik dan buruk, atau memahami perbedaan antara yang baik dan yang buruk. Disamping itu dikenal pula konsep moralitas, yaitu sistem nilai yang terkandung dalam petuah, nasihat, perintah atau aturan yang diwariskan secara turun tumurun melalui agama kebudayaan, tentang bagaimana manusia harus hidup agar menjadi benar-benar baik. 5 Moralitas memberikan manusia petunjuk atau aturan tentang bagaimana harus hidup, bertindak yang baik dan menghindari perilaku yang tidak baik. Moralitas juga bisa diartikan sebagai kualitas perbuatan manusia, sehingga perbuatan seseorang dapat dikatakan baik atau buruk, salah atau benar. Disini dapat dikatakan bahwa moralitas itu bersifat universal dalam arti terlepas dari budaya, suku, agama maupun tingkat perbedaan masyarakatnya. Dalam hal
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