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Joachim Jeremías MÍ! I JOACHIM JEREMÍAS T A T TT HPTlVf A f^T^lVTA PALABRAS DE JESÚS Colección JOACHIM JEREMÍAS BIBLIA Y LENGUAJE La dirige A. DE LA FUENTE ADÁNEZ LA ULTIMA CENA 1. R. Barthes, P. Ricoeur, X. Léon-Dufour: Exégesis y Hermenéutica. PALABRAS DE JESÚS 291 págs. 2. E. A. Nida/Ch. R. Taber: Teoría y práctica de la traducción. 3. L. Alonso Schbkel/E. Zurro: La traducción bíblica- Lingüística y estilística. 451 págs. 4. P. Beauchamp: Ley, Profetas, Sabios Lectura sincrónica del Anti­ guo Testamento. 304 págs. 5. X. Léon-Duíout (ed.y. Los milagros de Jesús. 370 págs. 6. Grupo de Entrevernes: Signos y parábolas Semiótica y texto evan­ gélico. 253 págs. 7. J. Jeremías: La Ultima Cena Palabras de Jesús. 324 págs. EDICIONES CRISTIANDAD Huesca. 30-32 CONTENIDO Este libro fue publicado por VANDENHOECK & RUPRECHT, Gotinga 419í>7 con el título DIE ABENDMAHLSWORTE JESU * Cap. I: ¿Tuvo la última cena carácter pascual? 13 Lo tradujo al español I. El problema 14 DIONISIO MINGUEZ II. ¿Fue la última cena de Jesús una comida de «qiddus», profesor del Instituto Bíblico de Roma una comida de «haburá» o una comida esenia? 25 a) ¿Comida de «qiddus»?, 25.—b) ¿Comida de «habu­ rá»?, 29.—c) ¿Comida esenia?, 31. III. Aportación de la astronomía 36 IV. La última cena de Jesús, comida pascual 42 V. Objeciones 64 VI. Las palabras de Jesús en el marco de la cena pascual 88 A. Primer plato, 89.—B. Liturgia pascual, 90.—C. Plato principal, 90.—D. Conclusión, 90. Cap. II: El relato de la última cena 93 I. La pasión según Me y según Jn 93 II. Los relatos de la última cena 101 III. El relato de la institución como tradición autónoma ... 105 Cap. III: Influjo del culto en los textos de la cena 113 Derechos para todos los países de lengua espafi0» ^ I. Uso del relato de la institución en la celebración de la EDICIONES CRISTIANDAD, S. L. cena 113 Madrid 1980 II. Influjo del culto en la formulación de las palabras de la cena 116 a) La plegaria antes y después de la comida, 116.—b) For­ mación de un lenguaje litúrgico cristiano, 118.—c) Difu- Depósito legal: M. 10.736.—1980 X5#W: 84-7057-272-X minación de los rasgos típicos de la Pascua, 121.—d) Ce­ lebración bajo una sola especie, 122.—e) Separación entre Vrinted in Spaitf Contenido Contenido 9 eucaristía y comida propiamente dicha, 123.—f) Celebra- VI. Lengua original 214 ción de la Pascua en la Iglesia primitiva, 130. a) ¿Arameo o hebreo?, 214.—b) El equivalente semítico de «soma», 216. III. Respeto por la fórmula sagrada 13> a) Elementos esotéricos en el judaismo tardío y en el cris­ VIL Indicios de la tpsissima vox Jesu 220 tianismo primitivo, 134.—b) Protección de las palabras de la cena contra la profanación, 143. Cap. V: Sentido de las palabras de Jesús en la cena 223 I. La comida 223 Cap. IV: El texto más antiguo de las palabras de Jesús en la cena. 149 II. La renuncia a beber de nuevo 227 I. Lucas: ¿Texto breve o largo? 149 III. Palabras explicativas 240 a) Testimonios de los textos, 150.—b) Texto abreviado a) Jesús, cordero pascual, 241.—b) Declaración sobre el de Lucas en D it (vet-syr), 157.—c) Objeciones contra la significado de la muerte de Jesús, 247.—c) La donación, originalidad del texto largo, 166.—d) Cómo surgió el 254. enigmático texto breve, 171. IV. ... Para que Dios se acuerde de mí 261 II. Comparación de los textos 175 a) ¿Fórmula institucional de banquetes funerarios?, 262. a) Perspectiva del banquete escatológico, 175.—b) Las pa­ b) Fórmulas conmemorativas palestinenses, 268.—c) Toüto labras explicativas, 179.—a) Palabras relativas al pan, poieite eis ten emen anamnesin, 274. 180.—p) Palabras relativas al vino, 183. V. La alabanza 281 III. Los semitismos 188 a) El Hallel, 281.—b) Aclamación antifonal en la paru- 1. Marcos 188 sía, 282. a) El marco, 188.—b) Las palabras explicativas, 193. c) La renuncia a beber de nuevo, 198. índice de fuentes y de autores antiguos 289 2. Mateo 201 índice de autores modernos 319 3. Lucas 201 a) El marco, 201.—b) Las palabras explicativas, 201. c) La renuncia a beber de nuevo, 201. 4. Pablo 202 IV. Antigüedad de la tradición 203 V. La forma más antigua de la tradición 206 a) Las variantes, 206.—b) ¿Liturgia o relato histórico?, 208.—c) ¿Antiguas adiciones a las palabras explicativas?, 210. SIGLAS UTILIZADAS AKG Arbeiten zur Kirchengeschichte, Bonn, Berlín. AUg. EvluthKZ Allgemeine Evangelisch-lutherische Kirchenzeitung, Leipzig. AThANT Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten und Neuen Testa- ments, Zurich. BFChTh Beitrage zur FSrderung christlicher Theologie, Gütersloh. BHTh Beitrage zur historischen Theologie, Tubinga. BZAW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissen- schaft, Giessen, Berlín. BZNW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die Neutestamentliche Wissen- schaft, Giessen, Berlín. CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, Viena, Pra­ ga, Leipzig. EvluthKZ Evangelisch-lutherische Kirchenzeitung, Berlín. EvTh Evangelische Theologie, Munich. FRLANT TForsctrangen zur Religión und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments, Gotinga. GCS Die Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten Jahr- hunderte, Leipzig, Berlín. HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual, Cincinnati, Ohio. JBL Journal of Biblical Literature, Filadelfia, Pa. JQR The Jewish Quarterly Review, Filadelfia, Pa. JThSt The Journal of Theological Studies, Oxford. K1T Kleine Texte für Vorlesungen und Übungen, Bonn, Berlín. LÚA Lunds Universitets Arsskrift, Lund-Leipzig. MGWJ Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Juden- tums, Francfort. MPG Patrologiae cursus completas, Series graeca, ed. J.-P. Migne, París. MPL Patrologiae cursus completas, Series latina, ed. J.-P. Mi­ gne, París. N. F. Neue Folge (Serie nueva). NTA Neutestamentliche Abhandlungen, Münster. NTD Das Neue Testament Deutsch, Gotinga. NTSt New Testament Studies, Cambridge. RAC Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum, Stuttgart 1950ss. RB Revue Biblique, París. RGG Die Religión in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Tubinga U909 a 1913; 21927-1932; 31957ss. RHPhR Revue d'Histoire et de Philosophie Religieuses, París. ThBl Theologische Blatter, Leipzig. ThLBl Theologisches Literaturblatt, Leipzig. 12 Siglas utilizadas ThLZ Theologische Literaturzeitung, Leipzig ThRsch Theologische Rundschau, Tubinga ThSt Theologische Studien, Zollikon Zunch ThStKr Theologische Studien und Kntiken, Leipzig ThW Theologisches Worterbuch zum Neuen Testament, Stuttgart 1933ss ThZ Theologische Zeitschrift, Basilea TU Texte und Untersuchungen, Leipzig, Berlín UNT Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, Leipzig CAPITULO PRIMERO ZAW Zeitschnft fur die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, Berlín ZDPV Zeitschnft des Deutschen Palastina Verems, Leipzig, Wies ¿TUVO LA ULTIMA CENA badén 1 ZkTh Zeitschnft fur katholische Theologie, Viena CARÁCTER PASCUAL? ZNW Zeitschnft fur die Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft, Berlín ZThK Zeitschnft fur Theologie und Kirche, Tubinga ZWissTh Zeitschnft fur wissenschaftliche Theologie, Leipzig, Franc­ Los cuatro evangelios afirman que la muerte de Jesús ocurrió fort en viernes (Me 15,42, Mt 27,62; Le 23,54; Jn 19,31 42). Dado que, en aquella época, el día se contaba de puesta a puesta del Obras citadas en abreviatura 1 En cuanto al término «Pascua», la transcripción passah (con h final) W Bauer, Griechtsch Deutsches Worterbuch zu den Schriften des Neuen Tes- es inexacta porque viene del hebreo p'sab, mientras que passa representa taments und der ubrigen urchnstkchen Ltteratur (Berlín 51958 = 1963) una forma enfática aramea H L Strack-P Billerbeck, Kommentar zum Neuen Testament aus Talmud Acerca de la pronunciación, hay que advertir lo siguiente 1) En el und Mtdrasch, Munich, I 1922, II 1924, III 1926, IV 1928, V (editado arameo palestinense de la época de Jesús la consonante Q, incluso al prin­ por J Jeremías, preparado por K Adolph) 1956, VI (editado por J Je­ cipio de sílaba (exceptuadas algunas palabras extranjeras), se pronunciaba remías en colaboración con K Adolph) 1961 unánimemente como ph aspirada (G Dalman, Grammattk des judtsch palastt- ntschen Aramatsch (Leipzig 21905) 67s, W Gesemus E Kautzsch-G Bergs- F Blass-A Debrunner, Grammatik des neutestamenthchen Griechtsch (Go- a 12 trasser, Hebratsche Grammattk I (Leipzig 1918) 39s, H Laible, Die dret tinga '1954 = 1965) Sprachen Jesu (I) ThLBl 44 (1923) col 115s Sabemos esto, sobre todo, G Dalman, Arbett und Sitte in Palasttna, Gutersloh, I 1 (BFChTh II 14,1) por la transcripción constante de 2 por ph en la segunda columna de los 1928, I 2 (BFChTh II 14,2) 1928, II (BFChTh II 27) 1932, III (BFChTh Hexapla (P E Kahle, Die Katroer Genisa [Berlín 1962] 180), por el testi­ II 29) 1933, IV (BFChTh II 33) 1935, V (BFChTh II 36) 1937, VI monio expreso de Jerónimo (C Siegfned, Die Aussprache des Hebraischen (BFChTh II 41) 1939, VII (BFChTh II 48) 1942 bei Hteronymus ZAW 4 [1884] 63s) y por la pronunciación de la s como / entre los samantanos (F Diening, Das Hebratsche bei den Samarttanern En las citas de Filón aparecen entre corchetes las páginas de la edición de [Stuttgart 1938] 15) Coincide con este dato el hecho de que la palabra Cohn-Wendland, Philonts Alexandrini opera quae supersunt (Berlín 1896- hebrea p'sab se transcribe siempre en los textos griegos por medio del so­ 1915 = 1962) nido aspirado ph phasek/phasech (LXX 18 veces en 2 Cr 30,35, Jr 38 En las citas de la Tosefta se indican entre paréntesis las páginas de la [31],8, Filón, LegAll III 94 [I 134,4], 'A Jos 5,10, 2 Ex 12,1127, edición de M S Zuckermandel, Tosefta nach den Erfurter und Wtener Hand- Nm 9,2, Jos 5,10) o phese (>A Dt 16,1) o phase (Vg ) 2) En cambio, es schrtften (Pasewalk 1877 88 = Jerusalén 1963) sorprendente
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