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How the Use of Woodford Lands Has Changed. 1Chapter THE USE OF WOODFORD LANDS Chapter 1 From Then to Now…How the Use of Woodford Lands Has Changed. Three plus decades of growth and planning have produced important changes in the land use pattern s of the community. n 1778, when Kentucky was still a district of Virginia, Woodford County was surveyed and shaped from Fayette County. The county was organized on May 5, I 1789 and was one of the nine counties established before Kentucky’s admittance to statehood. The County was named in honor of General William Woodford, an officer of the Revolutionary War, who distinguished himself early in the French and Indian War, won a victory at the Battle of Great Bridge, was wounded in the Battle of Brandywine and was captured at the Siege of Charleston. He was taken to New York by his captors and died there in 1780. When formed, Woodford County’s boundary lines included the Kentucky River to the west, the Licking River to the east, and the Ohio River to the north. Franklin, Scott and other counties were later formed out of the territory. The site of the State Capitol at Frankfort was chosen while still located in Woodford County. Some of the first settlers were deeded 1,000 acre plots of land, which when cleared of timber were used to grow tobacco, corn and hemp. The soil was laden with limestone and very fertile and for this reason the area was nicknamed “the asparagus bed of the garden of Kentucky”. Versailles, originally known as Falling Spring, proved to be an ideal location for a town because of a plentiful supply of water that gushed from a cavern. The town and county seat was laid out on May 13, 1793, on 80 acres of land owned by Hezekiah Briscoe. The original trustees were Colonel Richard Young, Cave Johnson, Captain John Walker, John Cook and Parmenta Briscoe. General Background Report for the 2003 Comprehensive Plan Update Page 3 THE USE OF WOODFORD LANDS Marquis Calmes, who was another one of the town’s trustees, named it after the Versailles, France, as a tribute to that country for its help during the Revolution. Versailles was the only incorporated town in the county until Mortonsville was established in 1835. Midway was next in 1846, planned and built largely through the efforts of the L&N Railroad. The town streets are appropriately named for members of the railroad companies’ Board of Directors in the 1840’s. Many of the homes and buildings date from 1840 to 1890. Land Use Patterns – From 1969 Comprehensive Plan (First Woodford Plan) The 1969 Plan devoted a chapter to the inventory and analysis of land uses in Versailles, Midway and Woodford County. It refers to a land use inventory made in 1962 by the Kentucky Conservation Needs Committee1. The inventory reports that 105,300 acres of Woodford lands were devoted to cropland, pasture and range, representing about 88% of all lands in the County. An additional 10.3% of land area is classified in the forest and woodland category, while the remaining 2% is included as “idle land, wildlife areas and other unclassified land”. Although it is not clear from the text, it appears this 2% of all other unclassified lands represents the approximate acreage of “urban” uses within the urban, or “built- up”, areas of Versailles and Midway. Table 1.1 Summary of Existing Land Use, Versailles and Midway Urban Areas, 1968 Land Use Area in Acres2 Percent of Category Versailles Midway Total Urban Area Residential 485 115 21.25 Commercial 50 6 1.98 Public and Semi-Public 123 72 6.90 Industrial 81 5 3.05 Streets/Railroads 201 70 9.60 Vacant or Agriculture 1,368 247 57.22 Total 2,308 515 100.00 The only definition of “urban area” that appears in the Existing Land Use Chapter of the Plan is that such areas are comprised of lands within the corporate 1 Kentucky Soil and Water Conservation Needs Inventory, Kentucky Conservation Needs Committee, July, 1962. 2 Acreages have been rounded to the nearest whole number from the figures presented in the original data. Background Report for the 2003 Comprehensive Plan Update Page 4 THE USE OF WOODFORD LANDS limits of the community (Versailles or Midway) and the portion of the “built-up” area that lies outside corporate limits. It is clear that the USB concept had not yet been fully endorsed for use in Versailles and Midway, although the model for future USB’s was already in place in Fayette County. The Plan does recommend the adoption of a “service area policy” for future development that would indicate which areas could be provided with basic services. Furthermore, the Plan suggests that the service area would be based on the Land Use Plan and include areas where development is definitely expected. In terms of the relationship of corporate area to total urban area, the City of Versailles included 1,305 acres and the City of Midway encompassed 198 acres. Together, these communities represented about 53 percent of the total urban classified lands. What is surprising is that the corporate area of Midway represents less than 40% of its urban area, whereas the ratio for Versailles is somewhat higher at 57%. Whether or not it can be assumed that Midway’s ratio is due to a desire for more urban expansion room is not immediately clear from the text. The other data item that stands out from the urban inventory is the percentage of commercial acreage for the two communities. Much of the current commercial analysis literature, particularly related to traditional and mixed use neighborhoods, suggests that 2% of the land area of a development site is a reasonable amount of area to dedicate to neighborhood serving commercial and service establishments. It is recognized however, that the actual percentage of commercial area to total urban area in Versailles was in the range of 6% - a higher number due to the presence of commercial uses in the town center serving the entire county market area. The data for agricultural uses indicates that the total acreage of land in farms declined from 101,356 in 1959 to 96,456 acres in 1964. The total number of farms, however, increased from 647 to 654 and the average size of farms decreased from 156.7 to 147.5 (Source was the Census of Agriculture, 1959 and 1964). Although some of the decline in farmlands can be attributed to a conversion to urban uses, it appears that most of this reduction occurred as owners determined it was no longer cost effective to maintain moderate or intensive conservation practices to make the land suitable for productive cultivation. Land Use Patterns – The 1970’s and 80’s The 1977 Update of the Comprehensive Plan, prepared by the Bluegrass Area Development District, indicates that the number of acres of Woodford lands dedicated to agricultural land uses had decreased by 758 acres between 1970 and 1974. Furthermore, urban land uses gained about a half percent or 623 acres (3,930 to 4,553). Background Report for the 2003 Comprehensive Plan Update Page 5 THE USE OF WOODFORD LANDS Table 1.2 summarizes existing land use information from Tables 4-2 and 4-3 of the 1977 Plan. Although there are some unexplained differences between the data presented in the 1969 and 1977 plans, the predominant urban use is residential. Although the percentage of commercial use is in the 3-4 percent range, this continues to suggest that these uses remain neighborhood and community serving in nature. Most likely, Woodford Countians were traveling to Lexington or Frankfort to shop for most major personal and household purchases. Table 1.2 Summary of Existing Land Use, Versailles and Midway Incorporated Areas, 1975 Land Use Area in Acres3 Percent of Category Versailles Midway Totals Residential 492 105 35.0 Commercial 50 7 3.3 Public and Semi-Public 83 80 9.6 Industrial 83 2 5.0 Streets/Railroads 214 49 15.4 Vacant or Agriculture 486 53 31.7 Total 1,408 296 100.00 In addition to reporting a summary of existing urban land uses, the Plan (Chapter 4 – Existing Land Use) indicates that the decline in Woodford farmlands that occurred during the 1959-64 period had reversed itself by 1969. The number of acres of land in farms increased to 112,645 by 1969, and the number of Woodford farms also increased from 654 to 732. Although it appears that some of this increase may be due to differences in reporting methods for the analysis periods, a majority of the increase was due to farmers bringing more land into active production. The value of farm products sold in Woodford County between 1964 and 1969 suggests that the additional farmland may have been needed to maintain productivity levels since the value of farm products sold did not increase significantly. The increasing trend toward more land in agricultural production continued in the 1980’s. By 1987, Woodford farms totaled 125,299 acres, a 6.4 percent 3 Acreages have been rounded to the nearest whole number from the figures presented in the original data. Background Report for the 2003 Comprehensive Plan Update Page 6 THE USE OF WOODFORD LANDS increase over the total for 1982. Although the number of farms declined, the average size of those farms increased from 162 to 175. The 1980’s also brought a significant change in the type and amount of urban land uses. The table below demonstrates that in 1989 the amount of residential, commercial and industrial lands had significantly increased from levels evident in the late 1970’s.
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