S4404 Peter Howard
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' ' ., ,�- NONIMPORTATION AND THE SEARCH FOR ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE IN VIRGINIA, 1765-1775 BRUCE ALLAN RAGSDALE Charlottesville, Virginia B.A., University of Virginia, 1974 M.A., University of Virginia, 1980 A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Corcoran Department of History University of Virginia May 1985 © Copyright by Bruce Allan Ragsdale All Rights Reserved May 1985 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: 1 Chapter 1: Trade and Economic Development in Virginia, 1730-1775 13 Chapter 2: The Dilemma of the Great Planters 55 Chapter 3: An Imperial Crisis and the Origins of Commercial Resistance in Virginia 84 Chapter 4: The Nonimportation Association of 1769 and 1770 117 Chapter 5: The Slave Trade and Economic Reform 180 Chapter 6: Commercial Development and the Credit Crisis of 1772 218 Chapter 7: The Revival Of Commercial Resistance 275 Chapter 8: The Continental Association in Virginia 340 Bibliography: 397 Key to Abbreviations used in Endnotes WMQ William and Mary Quarterly VMHB Virginia Magazine of History and Biography Hening William Waller Hening, ed., The Statutes at Large; Being� Collection of all the Laws Qf Virginia, from the First Session of the Legislature in the year 1619, 13 vols. Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia Rev. Va. Revolutionary Virginia: The Road to Independence, 7 vols. LC Library of Congress PRO Public Record Office, London co Colonial Office UVA Manuscripts Department, Alderman Library, University of Virginia VHS Virginia Historical Society VSL Virginia State Library Introduction Three times in the decade before the Revolution. Vir ginians organized nonimportation associations as a protest against specific legislation from the British Parliament. -
Committees of Self Governance by Penny Waite
Carlyle House July, 2012 D OCENT D ISPATC H Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority Committees of Self Governance By Penny Waite Although the port of Alexandria did not experience formed May 26, 1773 to “consider the British battle during the Revolutionary War, it was a strategic claims as a common cause to all, and to produce a destination for much needed supplies to the colony. unity of action.” Governor Dunmore had John Carlyle’s stature as a successful merchant, dismissed the Assembly with bills undone. experienced commissary, and civic leader allowed Suspecting that Dunmore would suspend the revolutionary leaders, such as George Washington and Assembly again in 1774, the delegates were George Mason, to capitalize on his talents to help elected to meet in convention whether or not the further the Revolution. Though we know Carlyle was legislative session was dismissed by the Governor. not a young man, Edmund Randolph wrote, “The old who had seen service in the Indian War of 1755, roused Surely the prominent members of Alexandria were the young to resist the ministry.” During the abuzz with the uncertainty. A letter dated May 29, Revolutionary period, John Carlyle’s merchant activities 1774 was sent by the Committee of were significantly impacted by the trade embargo Correspondence for the Alexandria Town against England called for by the First Continental Committee and signed by John Carlyle and John Congress in 1774. Though most of the records and Dalton on behalf of eight other members. It states journals of the committees have been lost, we can get that the committee was “formed for the purpose of communicating to each other, in the most speedy manner, their sentiments on the present interesting and Alarming situation of America.” There was, in all probability, a secret element to the work of this committee and the committees formed by the local counties. -
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Richard Arell, His Times, Tavern, and Neighbors by ELEANORE MARIA VAN SWEARINGEN
Richard Arell, His Times, Tavern, and Neighbors By ELEANORE MARIA VAN SWEARINGEN Who was this Richard Arell whose tavern all of the Old Town groups of Alexandria were striving to save in the summer of 1964? Why were so many interested in this little building, in addition to its considerable architectural attraction as a double flounder house and a possible representative of an early building from the days near Alexandria's beginnings. As regards the building itself, there has been architectural controversy, but some architects feel it should be saved for its own sake regardless of any historic interest attached to it. To those familiar with the Diaries of George Washington, the name Arrell's or Arrols is also familiar. Washington mentions dining or supping there some sixteen times between 1771 and 1774. Mr. Fitzpatrick, for unexplained and inexplicable reasons, identifies Arell's as the tavern of David Arell.1 I say inexplicable in the light of Mr. Fitzpatrick's frequent citations of the account books which repeatedly speak of Richard Arel!. Some years ago, in the course of other work, a collection of tavern licences in the Fairfax Court Order and Minute Books developed. I found myself with a series of licences for Richard Arell "to keep an ordinary in Alexandria" running consecutively from 1768 to 1773, yet never a licence for David. Also discovered in this period, bound into the back of Fairfax County Minute Book 1756-1763 part 2, was a deed showing Richard Arell leasing a portion of lot 48 (bounded by Fairfax & King Streets, Market Alley and Market Place) to John Rick of Baltimore, in 1778. -
S5472 Benjamin Hamrick
Southern Campaign American Revolution Pension Statements Pension application of Benjamin Hamrick s5472 fn33Va. Transcribed by Will Graves State of Virginia, County of Nicholas [now in West Virginia]: On this 7th September in the year of our Lord 1832, personally appeared before the Circuit Superior Court of Pleas & Chancery of the County of Nicholas, same being a Court of Record, Bejamin Hamrick, a resident of the said County of Nicholas and the State of Virginia aged seventy five years who being first duly sworn according to law doth on his oath make the following declaration in order to obtain the benefit of the provision made by the out Act of Congress passed June 7th, 1832. That he enlisted in the army of the United States in the year 1776 with Captain John Chilton (or Shilton) and served in the Third Regiment of the Virginia line under the following named officers. The company was commanded by Capt. Shelton, the Regiment by Col. __ [blank in original] Mercer and the Brigade by General __ [blank in original] Woodford. He left the service (he thinks) in the fall of 1780 and served during the whole time under the same enlistment. At the time he enlisted he resided in Fauquier County, Virginia. The company to which he belonged rendezvoused at the Court House of said County and the regiment at Williamsburg, Virginia, from where they marched to Alexandria and from whence they were ordered to New York island in the State of New York where they joined the regular army. He was present at the battle of Trenton and the taking of nine hundred Hessians as it was said. -
TRANSCRIPTION the Fairfax Resolves, July 18, 1774
TRANSCRIPTION The Fairfax Resolves, July 18, 1774 At a general Meeting of the Freeholders and Inhabitants of the County of Fairfax on Monday the 18 th day of July 1774, at the Court House, George Washington Esquire Chairman, and Robert Harrison Gent: Clerk of the said Meeting — 1. Resolved that this Colony and Dominion of Virginia can not be considered as a conquered Country; and if it was, that the present Inhabitants are the Descendants not of the Conquered, but of the Conquerors. That the same was not setled at the national Expence of England, but at the private Expence of the Adventurers, our Ancestors, by solemn Compact with, and under the Auspices and Protection of the British Crown; upon which we are in every Respect as dependant as the People of Great Britain, and in the same Manner subject to all his Majesty's just, legal, and constitutional Prerogatives. That our Ancestors, when they left their native Land, and setled in America, brought with them (even if the same had not been confirmed by Charters) the Civil-Constitution and Form of Government of the Country they came from; and were by the Laws of Nature and Nations, entitiled to all it's Privileges, Immunities and Advantages; which have descended to us their Posterity, and ought of Right to be as fully enjoyed, as if we had still continued within the Realm of England. — 2. Resolved that the most important and valuable Part of the British Constitution, upon which it's very Existence depends, is the fundamental Principle of the People's being governed by no Laws, to which they have not given their Consent, by Representatives freely chosen by themselves; who are affected by the Laws they enact equally with their Constituents to whom they are accountable, and whose Burthens they share; in which consists the Safety and Happiness* of the Community: for if this Part of the Constitution was taken away, or materially altered, the Government must degenerate either into an absolute and despotic Monarchy, or a tyrannical Aristocracy, and the Freedom of the People be annihilated.— 3. -
S21155 John Darwin
Southern Campaign American Revolution Pension Statements Pension Application of John Darwin1 S21155 Transcribed and annotated by Hugh T. Harrington State of South Carolina) York District )::: To wit On the [blank space –no date] October 1834 personally appeared in open court before B. Earle, one of the Judges of the court of Common Pleas now sitting, John Darwin a resident of York District and State of South Carolina aged seventy-nine last March who being duly sworn according to law makes the following declaration in order to obtain the benefit of the Act of Congress passed the 7th June 1832. I entered the service of the United States as a private in the County of Louisa, State of Virginia on the second day of February 1776 under a enlistment for two years in Captain Thomas Johnston's company in the Third Virginia Regiment commanded by Col. Mercer [Hugh Mercer, later killed at Battle of Princeton]. I marched in said Company to Fredericksburgh, where I joined said Regiment. In a short time, I marched with the Regiment to Alexandria, about the time Colonel Mercer was promoted [June 5, 1776] and when Col. Weadon [George Weedon,] took command of the Regiment, and Captain Powel [Levin Powell] the command of the Company in the place of Captain Johnston. I then marched with the regiment by way of Williamsburgh to the mouth of the Potomac River against Governor Dunmore. We then returned for Alexandria and while at a place called the Northern Neck between the Rappahanock and the Potomac we first heard of the Declaration of Independence, which was enthusiastically celebrated by the Regiment. -
DECEMBER 8 and 9, 2018
SHORT HISTORY OF THE BATTLE OF GREAT BRIDGE REENACTMENT GROUPS INDIVIDUALS On a chilly morning, the 9th of December 1775, in southeastern Tidewater, Virginia, two opposing forces came together to face each other across a narrow causeway and bridge, 7th Virginia Regiment called “the Great Bridge”- the Patriots on the southern side, the 64th Regiment of Foote British on the northern side. “The Great Bridge,” actually a 76th Regiment of Foote series of causeways and bridges, spanned the southern branch of 14th Regiment of Foote the Elizabeth River and surrounding swamps twelve miles south Roger’s Rangers of Norfolk and served as a strategic link between Virginia and the Queen's Own Loyal Virginia Regiment southern colonies. HMS Otter Acting on misleading “intelligence” that the Rebel force Youth Virginia Regiment was small and low on ammunition, the Royal Governor of DECEMBER 8 and 9, 2018 Bill Blair portraying Colonel William Woodford Virginia, Lord Dunmore, ordered the British attack to break the Dave Pondolfino portraying Lord Dunmore stalemate before the Rebels could be reinforced. A head-on attack against the entrenched Rebel forces came as reveille was beating in the camp of the 900 2nd Virginia Regiment “regulars” CONTRIBUTING ORGANIZATIONS and Norfolk County militiamen. The ensuing Patriot volleys of rifle fire cut down the City of Chesapeake - Parks, Recreation and Tourism advancing Redcoats and drove the British forces of about 350 (14th Regiment of Foote, Loyalist militia, volunteers and Lord Great Bridge Battlefield & Waterways History Foundation Dunmore’s Loyal Ethiopians), with heavy casualties, back into Fort Murray – a wooden stockade fort at the northern end of “the Norfolk County Historical Society Great Bridge.” The British abandoned the fort that night and retreated to Norfolk. -
The Defender
THE DEFENDER FAIRFAX RESOLVES CHAPTER FALL/WINTER 2012 President’s Message I would like to thank all of our On January 24, I encourage all chapter members for another terrific members to attend one of my year for Fairfax Resolves! It’s hard to favorite meetings of the year, our believe that the year is already Youth Oration Contest, at Falcons coming to an end, but I have been Landing. If you have not had the honored to serve as Chapter chance to attend a chapter Oration President for 2012. It seems like I Contest, this is a chance to was installed as president just a experience the amazing talents of couple months ago! young adults in our community. We are lucky to have the VASSAR One of my most favorite jobs as Chairman of the Joseph E. Chapter President has been installing Rumbaugh Oration Contest, Darrin new members, and I have been Schmidt, a Fairfax Resolves fortunate to install many fine member, leading this fine program. compatriots into the Sons of the American Revolution. With the I would like to thank 1st Vice outstanding contributions of our President Phil Ray for an Registrar Extraordinaire, Jack outstanding job with our speaker Sweeney, our chapter roster now program this year. Phil has put forth exceeds 120 members. The Chapter an amazing effort to find owes many thanks to Jack Sweeney, inspirational speakers with and I had the pleasure of awarding interesting topics, including Jack the SAR Liberty Medal during numerous authors, who have held our November meeting for his efforts. book signings during our meetings. -
VPIS Independence Day Readings
READINGS FOR THE FOURTH OFTULY-- AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE DAY Fairfax Resolaes Virginia Declaration of Rights D e claration of Indep enden ce BiIl of Rights Pledge of Allegiance Sponsored by The Falls Church Village Preservation and Improvement Society Falls Church, Virginia The Independence Day Readings The Independence Day Readings were inaugurated by The Falls Church Village Preservation and Improvement Society on July 4,1984, in part to honor the VPIS Centennial in 1985. Over 80 citizens participated, each taking a turn at reading from the four freedom documents. Louis T. Olom, former Society President, initiated the concept and presided for the first I 2 years. He was succeeded by Ross Netherton in 1996 who has presided since that time. The event lends meaning to the national holiday that celebrates our county's origins and the democratic principles upon which our nation was founded. The Readings are normally held in the Falls Church City Council Chamber commencing at I-Iigh Noon. Table of Contents * Fairfax Resolaes - Page 1 Virginia Declaration of Rights - page L3 Declaration of Independence - page 17 BiIl of Rights - Page 24 Pledge of Allegiance - page 26 * Notes on the Doatments F ounding F athers P ortraits in the Council Chamber Fairfax County Resolves [18 ]uly 7774) At a Meeting of the Freeholders and Inhabitants of the County of Fairfax on Monday the 18tn day of |uly 1774, at the Court House, George Washington Esquire Chairman, and Robert F{arrison Cent. [eman] Clerk of the said Meeting- 1. RESOLVED that this Colony and Dominion of Virginia can not be considered as a conquered Country; and if it was, that the present Inhabitants are the Descendants not of the Conquered, but of the Conquerors. -
S36113 William Mcintire
Southern Campaign American Revolution Pension Statements & Rosters Pension application of William McIntire S36113 f32VA Transcribed by Will Graves 5/3/13 [Methodology: Spelling, punctuation and/or grammar have been corrected in some instances for ease of reading and to facilitate searches of the database. Where the meaning is not compromised by adhering to the spelling, punctuation or grammar, no change has been made. Corrections or additional notes have been inserted within brackets or footnotes. Blanks appearing in the transcripts reflect blanks in the original. A bracketed question mark indicates that the word or words preceding it represent(s) a guess by me. Only materials pertinent to the military service of the veteran and to contemporary events have been transcribed. Affidavits that provide additional information on these events are included and genealogical information is abstracted, while standard, 'boilerplate' affidavits and attestations related solely to the application, and later nineteenth and twentieth century research requests for information have been omitted. I use speech recognition software to make all my transcriptions. Such software misinterprets my southern accent with unfortunate regularity and my poor proofreading fails to catch all misinterpretations. Also, dates or numbers which the software treats as numerals rather than words are not corrected: for example, the software transcribes "the eighth of June one thousand eighty six" as "the 8th of June 1786." Please call errors or omissions to my attention.] State -
S8810 George Lambert
Southern Campaigns American Revolution Pension Statements & Rosters Pension Application of George Lambert S8810 VA Transcribed and annotated by C. Leon Harris. Revised 4 Oct 2014. State of Virginia } County of Bedford } SS On this 24th day of December 1832 personally appeared before the county court of Bedford now sitting, George Lambert, a resident of Russell parish in the County of Bedford and State of Virginia, born in Albemarle County and state of Virginia on the 28th Oct. 1748 (O.S.) [Old Style, i.e. Julian Calendar] aged 84 years who being first duly sworn according to law, doth on his oath make the following declaration in order to obtain the benefit of the provisions made by the act of Congress passed June 7th 1832 – That he was commissioned an ensign in the regular army of the United States in Bedford County Virginia, on the 15th August 1775, under Capt. William Campbell and Lieut. Daniel Trigg, and served in the 1st Regiment of the Virginia line under the following named officers to wit: Patrick Henry Colonel – William Christian Lieutenant Colonel – Francis Eppes Major – William Campbell Captain, and Daniel Trigg Lieutenant – He marched from New London, Va. [now in Campbell County], to Williamsburg. In the fall of 1775, his company commanded by Capt. Campbell, was detached and sent to great Bridge, and was in the action at that place [9 Dec 1775] under Col. [William] Woodford. He was next in the attack on upon Gwinn’s Island [sic: Gwynn Island] to drive Dunmore from thence in the summer of 1776 [July 8-10].