Application of Dried Blood Spots for the Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides by GC-MS/MS
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Routine Multipesticide Analysis Orbitrap
Routine Multi-Pesticide Residue Analysis by Orbitrap MS Technology Osama Abu-Nimreh CMD Sales Support Specialist MECEC , Dubai The world leader in serving science Challenges of Pesticide-Residues Analysis • Sample variability (matrix) • Different compound characteristics • Large number of samples • Hundreds of analytes monitored • Low levels controlled • Baby food (MRL for all pesticides = 0.01 mg/kg) • Fast response required 2 Former Pesticide Multi-Residue Method Setup . Extraction Acetonitrile, Ethyl Mostly replaced acetate, Methanol... by QuEChERS today . Clean-up GPC, SPE, LLE, LC . Determination GC, LC, GC-MS, LC-MS, Thermo Scientific™ QuEChERS™ GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS... method 3 Simplified Extraction Procedure Applied 10 g of sample is weighed into Quechers extraction tube + 20 mL of water + 10 mL of ACN shaking 10 min Centrifugation 5 min @ 5000 rpm Injection to LC-HRAM 4 Consumables Used Consumables/Chemicals Part Number Acetonitrile A/0638/17 QuEChERS extraction tube, 50 mL, 250 pack 60105-216 QuEChERS pouches, 50 pack 60105-344 Apparatus/Columns Part Number Horizontal shaker 1069-3391 Horizontal shaker plate 1053-0102 Thermo Scientific™ Barnstead™ EASYpure™II water 3125753 Thermo Scientific™ Heraeus™ Fresco™ 17 micro centrifuge 3208590 Thermo Scientific™ Accucore™ aQ column 100x2.1, 2.6 µm 17326-102130 5 Improving QuEChERS Extraction Tips & Tricks: • Dry food (cereals/dried food, < 25 % water content): • Addition of water to enable adequate partitioning and reducing interaction of pesticides with matrix • Food containing fat/wax (avocado/oil): • After extraction step add a freezing out step and transfer supernatant to clean-up tube • More clean-up might be needed of raw extract (PSA+C18) • Food containing complex matrix (tea/spices) • Additional clean-up with GCB might be necessary (potential loss of planar structure pesticides like thiabendazole) • Acidic food (citrus): • Adjust pH (5-5.5) to increase recovery (e.g. -
"U/^ ((*.U \ BIBLIOTHEEK STARINGGEBOUW Volatilization of Tri-Allate, Ethoprophos and Parathion Measured with Four Methods After Spraying on a Sandy Soil
"u/^ ((*.u \ BIBLIOTHEEK STARINGGEBOUW Volatilization of tri-allate, ethoprophos and parathion measured with four methods after spraying on a sandy soil G. Bor F. van den Berg J.H. Smelt R.A. Smidt A.E. van de Peppel-Groen M. Leistra Report 104 DLO Winand Staring Centre, Wageningen (The Netherlands), 1995 1 h FEB. 1998 0000' ABSTRACT Bor, G., F. van den Berg, J.H. Smelt, R.A. Smidt, A.E. van de Peppel-Groen, M. Leistra, 1995. Volatilization of tri-allate, ethoprophos and parathion measured withfour methods after spraying on a sandy soil. Wageningen (The Netherlands), DLO Winand Staring Centre. Report 104. 62 pp.; 9 Figs; 6 Tables; 14 Refs; 3 Annex. At about eleven times after application of tri-allate, ethoprophos and parathion to a sandy soil, their rates of volatilization were determined with the aerodynamic method (AD),th e Bowen-ratio method (BR), the theoretical-profile method (TP) and the Box method (B). The volatilization was highest for tri-allate and lowest for parathion. On the first day after application, the volatilization rate decreased sharply,bu tthereafte r the decreasewa smor egradual .Th edifference s involatilizatio n rate asdetermine d withth eAD ,B R andT Pmethod s werecomparativel y small.Th erate sdetermine d with the Box method were mostly lower than those determined with the other methods. Keywords: aerodynamic method, air quality, air sampling, Bowen ratio method, Box method, field experiment, gas chromatography, pesticide, polystyrene, theoretical-profile method, XAD ISSN 0927-4537 ©1995 DLO Winand Staring Centre for Integrated Land, Soil and Water Research (SC-DLO) P.O. -
Teratogenicity and Embryotoxicity of Organophosphorus Compounds in Animal Models - a Short Review
Mil. Med. Sci. Lett. (Voj. Zdrav. Listy) 2012, vol. 81(1), p. 16-26 ISSN 0372-7025 DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2012.003 REVIEW ARTICLE TERATOGENICITY AND EMBRYOTOXICITY OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN ANIMAL MODELS - A SHORT REVIEW Syed M Nurulain and M Shafiullah Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, AlAin, UAE. P.O.Box 17666, Alain, UAE Received 9 th December 2011. Revised 12 th February 2012. Published 9 th March 2012. Summary Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) are a wide group of compounds both structurally and functionally. Each OPC has a unique toxicological profile. The exposure to this type of poison is not limited only to certain occupationally exposed people but also to children, women, pregnant women; all have chances to be exposed to this poison. During the recent past years it has been reported in many poison epidemiological studies and case reports that exposure of OPCs during pregnancy caused malformed fetuses, neural tube defect (NTD) and shortening of pregnancy. The literature for animal models reveals inconclusive evidence. The generalized view is that they are neither teratogenic nor embryotoxic. But it is not true. There is a lack of systematic study and scarcity of reports on the topic. The present study was undertaken to investigate the teratogenicity induced by organophosphorus compounds in different animal models by literature review. Literature was searched by Toxicology Data NetWork (TOXNET), Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Database (DART), Toxicology Literature Online (TOXLINE), Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), Pubmed Central, Entrez-Pubmed, Science Direct, Directory Of Open Access Journal (DOAJ), Google Scholar and International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS-INCHEM), Embase. -
Environmental Properties of Chemicals Volume 2
1 t ENVIRONMENTAL 1 PROTECTION Esa Nikunen . Riitta Leinonen Birgit Kemiläinen • Arto Kultamaa Environmental properties of chemicals Volume 2 1 O O O O O O O O OO O OOOOOO Ol OIOOO FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE • EDITA Esa Nikunen e Riitta Leinonen Birgit Kemiläinen • Arto Kultamaa Environmental properties of chemicals Volume 2 HELSINKI 1000 OlO 00000001 00000000000000000 Th/s is a second revfsed version of Environmental Properties of Chemica/s, published by VAPK-Pub/ishing and Ministry of Environment, Environmental Protection Department as Research Report 91, 1990. The pubiication is also available as a CD ROM version: EnviChem 2.0, a PC database runniny under Windows operating systems. ISBN 951-7-2967-2 (publisher) ISBN 952-7 1-0670-0 (co-publisher) ISSN 1238-8602 Layout: Pikseri Julkaisupalvelut Cover illustration: Jussi Hirvi Edita Ltd. Helsinki 2000 Environmental properties of chemicals Volume 2 _____ _____________________________________________________ Contents . VOLUME ONE 1 Contents of the report 2 Environmental properties of chemicals 3 Abbreviations and explanations 7 3.1 Ways of exposure 7 3.2 Exposed species 7 3.3 Fffects________________________________ 7 3.4 Length of exposure 7 3.5 Odour thresholds 8 3.6 Toxicity endpoints 9 3.7 Other abbreviations 9 4 Listofexposedspecies 10 4.1 Mammais 10 4.2 Plants 13 4.3 Birds 14 4.4 Insects 17 4.5 Fishes 1$ 4.6 Mollusca 22 4.7 Crustaceans 23 4.8 Algae 24 4.9 Others 25 5 References 27 Index 1 List of chemicals in alphabetical order - 169 Index II List of chemicals in CAS-number order -
Phytotoxicity of Some Organophosphate Insecticides to Oughly with Air Dry, Sieved Soil, to Pro Duce Rates of 37.5, 75 and ISO Mg Aj
Plant Protection Quarterly VoI.7(1} 1992 23 -------------------------------- ties of each pesticide were shaken thor Phytotoxicity of some organophosphate insecticides to oughly with air dry, sieved soil, to pro duce rates of 37.5, 75 and ISO mg aj. L-' onions and carrots during germination and emergence soil. Each pot constituted one plot. If it is assumed that in a field situation, P.J. Sinclair, New South Wales Agriculture, Horticultural Research and band-in-furrow treatment would treat a Advisory Station, Griffith, New South Wales 2680, Australia. strip 50 mm wide by 20 mm deep, the rates tested would correspond to 37.5, 75 R.J. Neeson and P.A. Williams, New South Wales Agriculture, Agricultural and 150 mg a.i. m" row, or 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 institute, Yanco, New South Wales 2703, Australia. kg a.i. ha" at a row spacing of 75 cm. The low and medium rates are then compara Summary ble to ra tes used in the field by Getzin The phytotoxicity of some commonly phytotoxicity from carbofuran applied to (1973), Thompson et al. (1981) and used insecticides to onions (Allium cepa) onions as a seed dressing. Chlorpyrifos is Goodyer et al. (1989) . and carrots (Daucus carota) during es generally non-phytotoxic at recom Daily counts of emerged seedlings were tablishment was assessed in pot trials. mended rates and methods of application, made at 7 to 18 days and at 21 days after Terbufos, ethoprophos, phoxirn and but some crops are especially sensitive to first watering. These data were used to de carbofuran (all 10% a.L granular fonnu it during the seedling stage or if the termine the total number of seedlings lations) and chlorpyrifos (25% a.i. -
Guide No. 1 – October 2020 2/12 the CONCEPT and IMPLEMENTATION of CPA GUIDANCE RESIDUE LEVELS
Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco CORESTA GUIDE N° 1 The Concept and Implementation of CPA Guidance Residue Levels October 2020 Agro-Chemical Advisory Committee CORESTA TECHNICAL GUIDE N° 1 Title: The Concept and Implementation of CPA Guidance Residue Levels Status: Valid Note: This document will be periodically reviewed by CORESTA Document history: Date of review Information July 2003 Version 1 GRL for Pyrethrins () and Terbufos corrected. December 2003 CPA terminology corrected. June 2008 Version 2 – GRLs revised and residue definitions added Provisional GRL of 2.00 ppm for Cyfluthrin to replace previous June 2010 GRL of 0.50 ppm July 2013 Version 3 – GRLs revised October 2013 Note for Maleic Hydrazide revised Version 4 – GRLs revised + clarification that scope of GRLs July 2016 applies predominantly to the production of traditional cigarette tobaccos and GAP associated with their cultivation. June 2018 Fluopyram GRL of 5 ppm added to GRL list Version 5 – Nine new CPAs with GRL added to list. November 2019 Revision of GRLs for Chlorantraniliprole and Indoxacarb. Updated web links. October 2020 Version 6 – Flupyradifurone GRL of 21 ppm added to GRL list. CORESTA Guide No. 1 – October 2020 2/12 THE CONCEPT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CPA GUIDANCE RESIDUE LEVELS Executive Summary • Guidance Residue Levels (GRLs) are in the remit of the Agro-Chemical Advisory Committee (ACAC) of CORESTA. Their development is a joint activity of all ACAC members, who represent the leaf production, processing and manufacturing sectors of the Tobacco Industry. The concept of GRLs and their implementation are described in this guide. • GRLs provide guidance to tobacco growers and assist with interpretation and evaluation of results from analyses of residues of Crop Protection Agents (CPAs*). -
Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Vegetables Using Solid Phase Micro-Extraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography–flame Photometric Detector
Arabian Journal of Chemistry (2015) xxx, xxx–xxx King Saud University Arabian Journal of Chemistry www.ksu.edu.sa www.sciencedirect.com ORIGINAL ARTICLE Determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables using solid phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography–flame photometric detector Haizarul Aida Sapahin, Ahmad Makahleh *, Bahruddin Saad * School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia Received 17 July 2014; accepted 9 December 2014 KEYWORDS Abstract An adequate and simple analytical method based on solid-phase microextraction Organophosphorus pesticide; (SPME) followed by gas chromatography–flame photometric detection (GC–FPD) for the determi- Direct immersed-solid phase nation of eleven organophosphorus pesticide residues (i.e., ethoprophos, sulfotep, diazinon, tolclo- microextraction; fos-methyl, fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, isofenphos, methidathion, ethion, triazophos, leptophos) in Gas chromatography–flame vegetables samples (cabbage, kale and mustard) was developed. Important parameters that influ- photometric detector; ence the extraction efficiency (i.e., fibre type, extraction modes, extraction time, salt addition, Vegetables desorption time and temperature) were systematically investigated. Four types of commercially available fibres (i.e., 50/30 lm divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS), 65 lm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB), 100 lm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and 85 lm polyacrylate (PA)) were evaluated. PA fibre exhibited the best performance and was used for the rest of the studies. The optimised extraction conditions were: extraction time, 30 min at room temperature; stirring speed, 1275 rpm; salt content, 10% NaCl; desorption time and temper- ature, 11 min at 260 °C; and no pH adjustment of the sample extract. The method was validated over the range 0.1–100 lg/L. -
Triazofos 60% LC
Excel Crop Care Limited, India Material Safety Data Sheet Triazofos 60% LC 1. Chemical Product and Company Identification Product Name : Triazofos 60% LC Formula : C12 H16N3O3PS Molecuar Weight : 313.3 : O,O-diethyl O-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) phosphorothioate. Chemical Name Manufacturer : Excel Crop Care Limited 184 / 87, S. V. Road, Jogeshwari (West), Mumbai, (India). Pin code: 400 102 Contact no: +912266464200 Emergency Contact Details : +91 22 42522201 : +91 22 42522202 : +91 278 2212320 2. Composition/Information on Ingredients Component CAS No. % W/W content Triazofos 24017-47-8 60 minimum Xylene 1330-20-7 Q. S. 3. Hazard Identification Emergency Overview Appearance and odour : Pale yellow to dark brown clear liquid, with typical phosphate ester odour Warning Statements : Keep out of reach of children Potential Health Effects Likely Routs of Exposure : Skin contact, Inhalation and Ingestion Eye Contact :Unlikely to cause irritation to eye Skin contact : Not irritating to skin Ingestion :If swallowed, this substance is considered to be toxic and likely to Cause damages to internal organ Version: ECCL/MSDS/Triazo60LC/1 © Excel Crop Care Ltd Page 1 of 7 DoC: Sept 14, 2014 Private Document DoU: Sept 25, 2014 Issue Date: Oct 1, 2014 Excel Crop Care Limited, India Material Safety Data Sheet Triazofos 60% LC Inhalation : Repeated exposure may cause cholinesterase inhibition. Environmental Hazards : The product is an organophosphate insecticide 4. First aid measures and Antidote Emergency and First Aid Procedure – If in Eyes : Immediately flush with plenty of clean water for 15-20 minutes. Remove contact lenses if present after 5 minutes of washing. -
The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances)
APPENDIX A (THE LIST OF EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES) THRESHOLD REPORTABLE INVENTORY RELEASE QUANTITY QUANTITY CAS NUMBER CHEMICAL NAME (POUNDS) (POUNDS) 75-86-5 ACETONE CYANOHYDRIN 500 10 1752-30-3 ACETONE THIOSEMICARBAZIDE 500/500 1,000 107-02-8 ACROLEIN 500 1 79-06-1 ACRYLAMIDE 500/500 5,000 107-13-1 ACRYLONITRILE 500 100 814-68-6 ACRYLYL CHLORIDE 100 100 111-69-3 ADIPONITRILE 500 1,000 116-06-3 ALDICARB 100/500 1 309-00-2 ALDRIN 500/500 1 107-18-6 ALLYL ALCOHOL 500 100 107-11-9 ALLYLAMINE 500 500 20859-73-8 ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE 500 100 54-62-6 AMINOPTERIN 500/500 500 78-53-5 AMITON 500 500 3734-97-2 AMITON OXALATE 100/500 100 7664-41-7 AMMONIA 500 100 300-62-9 AMPHETAMINE 500 1,000 62-53-3 ANILINE 500 5,000 88-05-1 ANILINE,2,4,6-TRIMETHYL- 500 500 7783-70-2 ANTIMONY PENTAFLUORIDE 500 500 1397-94-0 ANTIMYCIN A 500/500 1,000 86-88-4 ANTU 500/500 100 1303-28-2 ARSENIC PENTOXIDE 100/500 1 THRESHOLD REPORTABLE INVENTORY RELEASE QUANTITY QUANTITY CAS NUMBER CHEMICAL NAME (POUNDS) (POUNDS) 1327-53-3 ARSENOUS OXIDE 100/500 1 7784-34-1 ARSENOUS TRICHLORIDE 500 1 7784-42-1 ARSINE 100 100 2642-71-9 AZINPHOS-ETHYL 100/500 100 86-50-0 AZINPHOS-METHYL 10/500 1 98-87-3 BENZAL CHLORIDE 500 5,000 98-16-8 BENZENAMINE, 3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)- 500 500 100-14-1 BENZENE, 1-(CHLOROMETHYL)-4-NITRO- 500/500 500 98-05-5 BENZENEARSONIC ACID 10/500 10 3615-21-2 BENZIMIDAZOLE, 4,5-DICHLORO-2-(TRI- 500/500 500 FLUOROMETHYL)- 98-07-7 BENZOTRICHLORIDE 100 10 100-44-7 BENZYL CHLORIDE 500 100 140-29-4 BENZYL CYANIDE 500 500 15271-41-7 BICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPTANE-2-CARBONITRILE,5- -
Redalyc.Luminescence Based Detection of Trinitrophenol And
Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society ISSN: 1870-249X [email protected] Sociedad Química de México México Kaur, Rupinder; Chhibber, Manmohan; Mahata, Partha; Mittal, Susheel K. Luminescence Based Detection of Trinitrophenol and Aromatic Organophosphorous Pesticides Using a Coordination Polymer Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society, vol. 61, núm. 4, 2017, pp. 336-341 Sociedad Química de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=47554335008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative J. Mex. Chem. Soc. 2017, 61(4),336-341 Article © 2017, Sociedad Química de México ISSN 1870-249X Luminescence Based Detection of Trinitrophenol and Aromatic Organophosphorous Pesticides Using a Coordination Polymer Rupinder Kaur,1 Manmohan Chhibber,1 Partha Mahata2 and Susheel K. Mittal*1 1 School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala-147004, India. Email: [email protected] 2 Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, India Email: [email protected] Received February 3rd, 2017; Accepted September 18th, 2017 Abstract: The fluorescent properties of a coordination polymer Resumen: Las propiedades fluorescentes del polímero de coordinación (CP), 1, were used as turn-on and turn-off detector for nitroaromatics (CP), 1, fueron utilizadas -
Organophosphate Insecticides
CHAPTER 4 HIGHLIGHTS Organophosphate Insecticides Acts through phosphorylation of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme Since the removal of organochlorine insecticides from use, organophosphate at nerve endings insecticides have become the most widely used insecticides available today. More Absorbed by inhalation, than forty of them are currently registered for use and all run the risk of acute ingestion, and skin and subacute toxicity. Organophosphates are used in agriculture, in the home, penetration in gardens, and in veterinary practice. All apparently share a common mecha- Muscarinic, nicotinic & CNS nism of cholinesterase inhibition and can cause similar symptoms. Because they effects share this mechanism, exposure to the same organophosphate by multiple routes or to multiple organophosphates by multiple routes can lead to serious additive Signs and Symptoms: toxicity. It is important to understand, however, that there is a wide range of Headache, hypersecretion, toxicity in these agents and wide variation in cutaneous absorption, making muscle twitching, nausea, specific identification and management quite important. diarrhea Respiratory depression, seizures, loss of consciousness Toxicology Miosis is often a helpful Organophosphates poison insects and mammals primarily by phosphory- diagnostic sign lation of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) at nerve endings. The result is a loss of available AChE so that the effector organ becomes overstimulated by Treatment: the excess acetylcholine (ACh, the impulse-transmitting substance) in the nerve Clear airway, improve tissue ending. The enzyme is critical to normal control of nerve impulse transmission oxygenation from nerve fibers to smooth and skeletal muscle cells, glandular cells, and Administer atropine sulfate autonomic ganglia, as well as within the central nervous system (CNS). -
Surface-Water Quality, Oneida Reservation and Vicinity, Wisconsin, 1997-98
U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Surface-Water Quality, Oneida Reservation and Vicinity, Wisconsin, 1997-98 Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4179 Prepared in cooperation with the Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin science for a changing world Surface-Water Quality, Oneida Reservation and Vicinity, Wisconsin, 1997-98 By Morgan A. Schmidt, Kevin D. Richards, and Barbara C. Scudder U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4179 Prepared in cooperation with the Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin Middleton, Wisconsin 2000 ruses science for a changing world U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services 8505 Research Way Box 25286 Middleton, Wl 53562-3586 Denver, CO 80225-0286 CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................... 1 Introduction............................................................................................._^ 2 Description of Oneida Reservation study area............................................................................................................ 2 Factors affecting surface-water quality......................................................................................................................