2011 NATIONAL REPORT BELGIUM Final for Sharepointv2
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Belgian monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Scientific Institute of Public Health OD Public health and Surveillance 2011 National Report (2010 data) to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point “BELGIUM” New Development, Trends and in-depth information on selected issues REITOX 1 2 Belgian national report on drugs 2011 OD Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health, October 2011, Brussels, Belgium WIV-ISP/EPI REPORTS N° 002 ISSN: 2034-6352 Depot number:D/2012/2505/08 Belgian national report on drugs 2011 Nathalie Deprez Jerome Antoine Juan-Francisco Asueta-Lorente Kaatje Bollaerts Trudy Van der Linden Johan CH van Bussel Scientific Institute of Public Health OD Public Health and Surveillance Substance Use and Related Disorders Belgian Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drugs Addiction Rue J. Wytsmanstraat 14 B-1050 Brussels Belgium [email protected] www.wiv -isp.be/bmcdda 3 4 EMCDDA Management Board Mr. Claude GILLARD , Legal adviser, Head of the Department of criminal law, Direction Générale de la législation du Service Public Fédéral Justice Dr. Philippe DEMOULIN , Deputy Director General f.f., Administration de la Communauté française de Belgique EMCDDA Scientific Committee Prof. Dr. Brice DE RUYVER , Full Professor, Institute for International Research on Criminal Policy (IRCP), University of Ghent Ministers involved in the global and integrated drug policy in Belgium 2011 For the Federal State: Mrs. Laurette ONKELINX , Vice Prime Minister and Minister of Public Health and Social Affairs, in charge of social integration, resigning. Mr. Yves LETERME , Prime Minister, in charge of the coordination of the Policy of Migration and Asylum, resigning. Mme. Joelle MILQUET , Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of work and Equal Opportunities, in charge the Policy of Migration and Asylum, resigning. Mr. Steven VANACKERE , resigning Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Institutional Reform. Mr. Didier REYNDERS , Vice-Prime Minister, and Minister of Finance and Institutional Reforms, resigning. Mr. Stefaan DE CLERCK , Minister of Justice, resigning. Mme. Annemie TURTELBOOM , Minister of the Interior, resigning. Mme Sabine LARUELLE , Minister of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Self-employed persons, Agriculture and Science Policy, resigning. Mr. Pieter DE CREM , Minister of Defense, resigning. Mr. Vincent VAN QUICKENBORNE, Minister of Enterprise and Simplification, resigning. Mr. Michel DAERDEN, Minister of Pensions and Big Cities, resigning. Mr. Melchior WATHELET, State Secretary for Budget, Policy for Migration and Asylum, Family Policy and Federal Cultural Institutions, resigning. Mr. Etienne SCHOUPPE, State Secretary for Mobility, resigning. 5 Mr. Philippe COURARD, State Secretary for Social Integration and Poverty Reduction, resigning. For the Walloon Region: Mr. Paul FURLAN, Minister of Local Authorities, Towns and Tourism . Mme. Eliane TILLIEUX , Minister of Health, Social Action and Equal Opportunities . For the Flemish Community and Flemish Region: Mr. Jo VANDEURZEN , Flemish Minister for Welfare, Public Health and Family. For the French Community: Mr. André ANTOINE , Vice-Prime Minister, Minister for the Budget, Finance, Employment, Training, Sports and the Airport Policy. Mme Fadila LAANAN , Minister for Culture, the Audiovisual Sector, Health and Equal Opportunities / For the Brussels Capital Region: Mr. Charles PICQUE , Minister -President of the Brussels -Capital Region. For the German-speaking Community : Mr. Harald MOLLERS, Minister of Family, Public Health and Social Affairs. For the communal Community Commission: Mr. Benoit CEREXHE , Member of the Joint Board of the Common Community Commission (Cocom), responsible for Health and Civil Service Policy Mr. Jean-Luc VANRAES , Member of the Combined College of the Common Community Commission (COCOM), responsible for Health Policy, Finance, the Budget and Foreign Relations. For the French Community Commission: Mr. Benoit CEREXHE , Member of the board of the French Community Commission (CoCof), responsible for Civil Service, Health and Vocational Training for the Self-Employed 6 Acknowledgements The editors of this report have many to thank for a lot of information, knowledge, and experience: Martens Frank, Vandenbempt Isabelle (AZGroeninge), Schelinga Carolin (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Suchtvorbeugung und Lebensbewältigung), Naji Aziz (Belgian Science Policy Office), Van Dael Ellen (College Procurator-general), Calle Dirk (De Kiem), Lombaert Geert, Raes Veerle (De Sleutel), Pereira Tatiana (Direction Promotion Santé, Ministère de la Communauté française), Mergan Dirk (Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products), Ricour Koen, Brits Liesje, Dommicent Jessica, Garlement Pascal (Federal Police), Todts Sven, Gillard Claude, Van Malderen Sara (Federal Public Service Justice), Depuijdt Eveline, Doms Kurt, Gorissen Jean-Pierre, Huard Katia, Mertens Ingrid, Windey Francis (Federal Public Service Public Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment), Maryse Wanlin, (Fonds des Affections Respiratoires - Vlaamse Vereniging voor Respiratoire Gezondheidszorg en Tuberculosebestrijding), Mathei Catherina (Free Clinic), Windelinckx Tessa (Free Clinic - Spuitenruil Vlaanderen), Hublet Anne (Health behaviour in school-aged children – Vlaanderen), Cops Diederik, Cardoen Dries (Jeugd Onderzoeks Platform Monitor), Coopman Vera , Cordonnier Jan , Fauvart Valerie (Laboratorium Chemiphar), Van Huyck Catherine (Modus Fiesta), Alexandre Sébastien (Modus Vivendi, Brussels), Samyn Nele, Van Durme Filip, Van Haeren Crista, Laeremans Bart (National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology), Deraedt Koen, Tielemans Joos , De Swaef André (National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance), Mostin Martine (National Poisson Centre), Mazina Déogratias (Observatoire de la Santé et du Social de Bruxelles-Capitale), Casero Lucia, Hogge Michaël, Rwubusisi Miguel (Observatoire socio-épidémiologique alcool- drogues en Communauté Francaise), Serlippens Annemie Parket Gent), Hoedt Diederik (Permanent office Statistics and workload measurement), Canfyn Michael, De Beer Jacques, Ducoffre Geneviève, Sasse André (Scientific Institute of Public Health), Berteloot Karel (Service Criminal Policy), Desmet Koen (Universitair Ziekenhuis Gasthuisberg), Verstraete Alain (Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent ), Charlier Corinne (Université de Liège), de Smet Patrick Université libre de Bruxelles), Neels Hugo, van Nuijs Alexander, Vanbroekhoven Carinne (Universiteit Antwerpen), Lambert Willy, Legrand Sara-Ann, Vanderplasschen Wouter, Vandevelde Stijn, Colman Charlotte, Colpaert Kathy, Crement Jelle, De Corte Tom, De Maeyer Jessica De Ruyver Brice, Goethals Ilse, Lievens Delfine, Vander Laenen Freya (Universiteit Gent), Tytgat Jan (Universiteit Leuven), Kinable Hilde, Rosiers Johan , 7 Schrooten Jochen , Geirnaert Marijs (Verenig voor alcohol en andere drugproblemen ), Cloots Heidi, Witpas Alexander (Vlaams Agentschap Zorg en Gezondheid), Van Deun Paul (Vlaamse Vereniging van Behandelingscentra Verslaafdenzorg), Andries Caroline, Lambrecht Patrick (Vrije Universiteit Brussel), and the many field institutions that provided their annual report. 8 Table of Content SUMMARY ...............................................................................13 Part A: New developments and trends .................................19 Chapter 1. Drug policy: legislation, strategies and economic analysis ......................21 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 22 2. Legal framework ....................................................................................................................... 22 3. National action plan, strategy, evaluation and coordination ............................................... 25 4. Economic analysis ................................................................................................................... 30 Chapter 2. Drug use in the general population and specific targeted-groups ............35 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 36 2. Drug use in the general population ........................................................................................ 36 3. Drug use in the school and youth population ....................................................................... 41 4. Drug use among targeted groups / settings at national and local level ............................. 54 Chapter 3. Prevention .....................................................................................................61 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 62 2. Universal prevention ................................................................................................................ 64 3. Selective prevention in at-risk groups and settings ............................................................. 73 4. Indicated prevention ................................................................................................................ 80 5. National and local media campaigns ..................................................................................... 82 Chapter 4. Problem drug use .........................................................................................84 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................