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The Kingdom of the Lord Jesus Christ Over All Report on the Doctrine of the Two Kingdoms Approved by the Western Classis of the Reformed Church in the U.S., 2016

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The Kingdom of the Lord Jesus Christ Over All Report on the Doctrine of the Two Kingdoms Approved by the Western Classis of the Reformed Church in the U.S., 2016 1 The Kingdom of the Lord Jesus Christ Over All Report on the Doctrine of the Two Kingdoms Approved by the Western Classis of the Reformed Church in the U.S., 2016 Preface A new view of social ethics and culture has been proposed in recent years by a number of professors at Westminster Seminary in California. The Two Kingdom viewpoint (2K), comprises a distinctive theology and way of interpreting the Bible, and has gained a certain following due to the influence of Dr. David VanDrunen, Dr. Michael Horton, and others who teach at Escondido. Its broad proposal is that Reformed Christians and evangelicals should make a comprehensive shift toward secularism in their way of interacting with culture, ethics, and politics. In 2012 the Western Classis of the Reformed Church in the U.S. formed a special committee to study “The Doctrine of the Two Kingdoms with specific recommendations on how to respond to this teaching.” In 2014 the Classis voted to continue this committee, giving special emphasis on the role of the Cultural Mandate. In 2015 the committee consisted of Pastors Jim West (chairman), Tracy Gruggett, Paul Treick, Eric D. Bristley, and elder Greg Uttinger. The committee also added an expanded review of the Reformed tradition as represented by Calvin, Reformed Orthodoxy, Ursinus, the Reformed confessions, Kuyper, and Neo-Calvinism. In 2016 the committee’s work was completed so that it was ready to move its recommendations. The Western Classis met at Grace Reformed Church in Willows, California, for its regular Spring meeting in March, 2016, at which this report was presented. Three motions were made to the Classis: (1) That this report and its conclusions concerning the Scriptural weaknesses and historical/confessional misinterpretations expressed in the doctrine of the Two Kingdoms be commended to the churches of the Western Classis for study and instruction. (2) That this report be sent to the Synod of the Reformed Church in the United States for its consideration and action. (3) That Henry Van Til’s book, The Calvinistic Concept of Culture, be commended to the officers and churches of the Western Classis as presenting a Reformed alternative to the Two Kingdom doctrine. The first two motions passed with strong support and no dissent. The only modifications were that a few clarifying footnotes be added and that it be published by the Committee on Publications. The third motion was a matter of information and received a typical “take note.” This report is the result of many hours of study and discussion and is intended to provide the church with an evaluation of the 2K teaching from the Bible, the Reformed confessions, and Reformed church history. Its goal is to summarize and evaluate the 2K theology and not to distinguish the fine differences that may exist between the 2K theologians (there seem to be some). The study is not exhaustive and cannot, due to space limitations, cover all aspects of 2K teaching. We do not claim to understand the 2K position perfectly, but we believe that the report accurately reflects its views and provides a balanced, biblical perspective that is faithful to our Reformed confessions and heritage. We do not claim that the Reformed Church in the U.S. or the Western Classis is the watchdog of the Reformed faith, but rather we seek to minister to our congregations and sister denominations from what the Lord has taught us. It is sent forth for the instruction of our members and officers, and any who may profit from its concise analysis and statement of the one Kingship of Jesus Christ over all things for the sake of his Church (Eph. 1:20–23). Footnotes and References Because of the quantity of citations and especially in the longer excerpts, page number references are embedded in the text after the initial full footnote of that source. In a similar manner all Bible references are given in the text and follow the New King James Version in most cases. A full bibliography follows the report. 2 CONTENTS Preface................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1. Analysis of the Two Kingdom Theology ........................................................................................................................... 3 A. Principal Two Kingdom Teachers and their Doctrines ............................................................................................. 4 Meredith Kline: Dichotomy of Cult and Culture ........................................................................................................ 4 The Road to Two Kingdom Theology ........................................................................................................................... 7 David VanDrunen: Two Kingdoms and Two Laws .................................................................................................... 9 Michael Horton: Pilgrim Theology.............................................................................................................................. 12 B. Two Kingdom Adherents and Promoters .................................................................................................................. 13 C. Living in the Two Kingdoms: An Inconsistent Ethic ............................................................................................... 15 2. Appraisal of the Two Kingdom Theology ....................................................................................................................... 16 A. Biblical Evaluation ..................................................................................................................................................... 17 Creation and the Cultural Mandate ............................................................................................................................. 17 God’s Curse on Human Culture and the Promise of the Gospel ............................................................................ 20 God’s Preservation of Culture in the Noachian Covenant ....................................................................................... 21 The Abrahamic Covenant of Promise ......................................................................................................................... 23 The Mosaic Covenant and Biblical Law ...................................................................................................................... 24 The Davidic Covenant and the Messianic Kingdom ................................................................................................. 25 Covenant Revelation and the Prophets ....................................................................................................................... 26 The New Covenant: Christ’s Kingdom and the Great Commission ....................................................................... 27 B. Confessional Evaluation ................................................................................................................................................ 35 The Unity of the Person of Christ ................................................................................................................................ 36 The Kingship of Jesus Christ ........................................................................................................................................ 36 The Moral Law and General Revelation ..................................................................................................................... 37 Good Works in Union with Christ .............................................................................................................................. 38 The Doctrine of Civil Government .............................................................................................................................. 38 C. Historical Evaluation ..................................................................................................................................................... 40 Augustine and the City of God ..................................................................................................................................... 41 Aquinas and the Natural Law Tradition ..................................................................................................................... 41 The Lutheran Two Kingdom Doctrine ....................................................................................................................... 43 John Calvin on Christ’s Kingdom and Law ................................................................................................................ 45 Reformed Orthodoxy on Christ’s Kingdom and Law ............................................................................................... 51 Abraham Kuyper on Christ’s Kingship ....................................................................................................................... 58 3. Summary: Affirmations and Denials................................................................................................................................ 61 A. Summary and Distinctives of the Two Kingdom Theology ................................................................................ 61 B. Affirmations and Denials ......................................................................................................................................... 62 C. Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................................................
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