DOCSLIB.ORG

Democratization, Women's Movements, and Gender-Equitable

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Democratization, Women's Movements, and Gender-Equitable Democratization, Women’s Movements, and Gender-Equitable States: A Framework for Comparison Jocelyn Viterna Kathleen M. Fallon Harvard University McGill University There is a rich collection of case studies examining the relationship between democratization, women’s movements, and gendered state outcomes, but the variation across cases is still poorly understood. In response, this article develops a theoretically- grounded comparative framework to evaluate and explain cross-national variations in the gendered outcomes of democratic transitions. The framework highlights four theoretical factors—the context of the transition, the legacy of women’s previous mobilizations, political parties, and international influences—that together shape the political openings and ideologies available to women’s movements in transitional states. Applying the framework to four test cases, we conclude that women’s movements are most effective at targeting democratizing states when transitions are complete, when women’s movements develop cohesive coalitions, when the ideology behind the transition (rather than the ideology of the winning regime) aligns easily with feminist frames, and when women’s past activism legitimates present-day feminist demands. These findings challenge current conceptualizations of how democratic transitions affect gender in state institutions and provide a comparativeDelivered framework by for Ingenta evaluating to : variation across additional cases. Harvard University Wed, 26 Nov 2008 15:09:15 ith the recent wave of democratization gendered state literature by asking what happens Wacross Eastern Europe, Latin America, to the political institutionalization of gender and sub-Saharan Africa, scholars have begun to when a state is transformed by democratic explore how democratic changes affect women. transition. Like other analyses of gender and the state There are strong theoretical reasons to antic- (Brush 2003; Eisenstein 1988; MacKinnon ipate that democratic transitions will create 1989; Orloff 1996; Pateman 1988), these stud- more gender equitable states. First, democrat- ies examine how states create and govern gen- ic transitions provide women (and men) with der relations among their citizens through new opportunities for political participation. institutions, laws, and legal discourses (Jaquette Second, new participatory opportunities typi- and Wolchick 1998; Stephen 1997; Waylen cally coincide with the negotiation and imple- 1994, 2000). Importantly, they extend previous mentation of new state institutions and policies. Authorship is reverse-alphabetical order; both suggestions from Brian Powell, Jason Beckfield, Clem authors contributed equally to this article. Direct all Brooks, Elaine Weiner, Sara Shostak, Wendy Cadge, correspondence to Jocelyn Viterna, Department of David Cunningham, and six anonymous reviewers. Sociology, Harvard University, 6th Floor William We also thank the women in Ghana and El Salvador James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 for their time and knowledge. Viterna’s research was ([email protected]); or Kathleen M. Fallon, funded by the Social Science Research Council and the Department of Sociology, McGill University, Stephen Fulbright-Hays Foundation. Fallon’s research was Leacock Building, 855 Sherbrooke Street West, funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Montreal QC H3A 2T7 Canada (kathleen. Research Council of Canada and Fonds Québécois de [email protected]). We are grateful for comments and las Recherche sur la Société et la Culture. AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW, 2008, VOL. 73 (August:668–689) DEMOCRATIZATION AND GENDER-EQUITABLE STATES—–669 This provides activists with an extremely rare states do not typically adopt feminist changes opportunity to participate in the construction of without pressure from organized groups of a new state apparatus. Third, because many women (Gelb and Hart 1999; Gordon 1994; democratization movements are populated by Lyclama a Nijehol, Vargas, and Wieringa 1998; women’s mobilizations (Jaquette 1994), and Seidman 1999), we place women’s movements because feminist movements often grow out of at the center of our framework, and we use other types of women’s mobilizing (Kaplan social movement theory to conceptualize the 1992; Molyneux 1985; Shayne 2004), we would relationship between the framework’s explana- expect feminist activism to be especially high tory factors (elaborated below). We then apply during such transitional moments. the framework to four states in transition that Paradoxically, however, most scholars con- have witnessed quite divergent outcomes: South clude that democratization has done little to Africa, Argentina, Ghana, and El Salvador. We improve women’s political influence within the conclude that the combined presence of four state, even when women were active in the tran- specific characteristics—a complete transition, sition process. With democratization in Eastern a cohesive coalition within the women’s move- Europe, for example, women’s political partic- ment, a transitional ideology that aligns easily ipation dropped precipitously, maternity leave with feminist frames, and a legacy of women’s policies were curtailed, women’s legislative quo- activism that legitimates present-day feminist tas were dismantled, funding for childcare cen- demands—creates an especially positive context ters decreased, and abortion rights were within which women’s mobilizations can effec- threatened (Einhorn 1993; Haney 1994; Roman tively target democratizing states. These find- 2001; Watson 1993). Similarly, in the develop- ings, generated from cross-national comparison, ing world, democratization brought a reassertion extend current case-based conceptualizations of traditional gender expectations (Jaquette of how democratic transitions affect the gen- 1994; Rai 1996), waning women’sDelivered mobiliza- by Ingentadered state.to : They also question existing under- tions (Craske 1998), and, in many nations,Harvard Universitystandings of the importance of left party declines in women’s parliamentaryWed, representa- 26 Nov 2008ideologies, 15:09:15 “gender-bending” activism, and tion and formal political power (Bystydzienski international influences. and Sekhon 1999; Fisher 1993; Jaquette and This article forwards sociological under- Wolchik 1998; Waylen 1994). standings of gender, democratization, and mobi- We concur that democratization often fails to lization in three ways. First, by identifying and improve gender equity within states, yet schol- explaining cross-national variation in the gen- arly emphasis on democracy’s failure within dered outcomes of democratization, we chal- cases obscures the fact that gendered outcomes lenge and extend the existing case-based of democratic transitions may be quite variable scholarship that generally suggests democrati- across cases. This paucity of systematic cross- zation has failed women. Second, we offer a national comparisons leaves open the question comparative framework through which a deep- of whether and why some democratic transitions er understanding of the gendered processes of result in more “women-friendly” states than democratization can be developed, especially others. Are there particular configurations of with extension to additional cases. And finally, transitional contexts and social mobilizations our conjunctural explanation of why some that are especially likely to create feminist women’s movements are more successful than changes? Or, conversely, are the democratic others, given the shared context of democrati- ideals upon which new state institutions are zation, provides new ways for thinking about modeled imbued with patriarchal ideologies divergent mobilization outcomes. and organizational structures that generate con- sistently masculine state outcomes, regardless BUILDING A COMPARATIVE of variation in mobilization characteristics or FRAMEWORK OF THE transition processes? GENDERED STATE Using insights from existing case studies, we develop in this article a theoretically-grounded Drawing from existing literature, we first con- comparative framework for evaluating gendered struct a comparative framework that helps cap- variation across democratizing states. Because ture and explain gender variation across 670—–AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW democratic transitions.1 The conception of states Of course, women’s movements also have as inherently masculine structures is at the foun- agency, and their successes are determined in dation of our framework (Brush 2003; Orloff part by how they frame and pursue movement 1996; Parpart and Staudt 1989; Waylen 1998). goals. We therefore examine the strategies and Undergirding this is the assumption that states frames of women’s movements during moments will not typically adopt feminist changes with- of democratic transitions. Strategies are the out pressure from organized groups of women actions a movement uses to present its goals to (Gelb and Hart 1999; Gordon 1994; Lyclama a an intended audience (e.g., lobbying or protests) Nijehol et al. 1998; Seidman 1999).2 We iden- and frames are the descriptive structures a move- tify four political factors that are often cited as ment uses to articulate its goals (Benford and critical for understanding the presence and effec- Snow 2000; Snow et al. 1986). tiveness of women’s movements in new democ- racies: (1) the democratic transition itself, (2) the FOUR FACTORS INFLUENCING THE legacy of previous women’s mobilizations, (3) EFFECTIVENESS OF WOMEN’S MOVEMENTS the actions and ideologies
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mapping the Impact of Gender Equality Provisions and Constitutionmaking
    Mapping the Impact of Gender Equality Provisions and Constitutionmaking STUDENT WORKING PAPERS Penn Law Seminar on International Women’s Human Rights taught by Rangita de Silva de Alwis, Associate Dean of International Programs Report presented to UN Women and the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights on May 6, 2016 MAPPING THE IMPACT OF GENDER EQUALITY PROVISIONS IN CONSTITUTIONS IN EMERGING DEMOCRACIES AND POST- CONFLICT INTRODUCTION The Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination of All Forms Against Women (CEDAW) and Security Council Resolution 1325 inspired us to examine the impact of constitutional gender equality provisions on women’s participation and legal protection. The United Nations General Assembly passed the CEDAW in 1979, and, since then, it has seen almost universal acceptance. The CEDAW brought and continues to bring critical attention to the importance of women’s international human rights and provides a framework for states to use in formulating national and local legislation that can and will protect those rights. Additionally, the Security Council Resolution 1325, passed in 2000, rallied all member states to recommit to bringing more women to the table in order to create, prevent, and ensure long lasting peace and tranquility. The Resolution called for women’s participation and protection to be at the forefront of each and every national and international agenda. Resolution 1325 led to subsequent resolutions, including 1820 and 2122, all of which advance women’s empowerment at the international level, and, with a top-down approach, aim to improve the lives of women all around the world. However, in order to have the most significant impact, the CEDAW and Resolution 1325 must be implemented domestically.
    [Show full text]
  • GLOBAL-LOCAL INTERACTIONS: FIRST THREE DECADES of the WOMEN's MOVEMENT in BANGLADESH* Ayesha Banu
    Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 60(2), 2015, pp. 203-230 GLOBAL-LOCAL INTERACTIONS: FIRST THREE DECADES OF THE WOMEN’S MOVEMENT IN BANGLADESH* ** Ayesha Banu Abstract The main focus of this paper is to look into the feminist formulations with particular emphasis on global–local interactions and its impact in shaping the contours of the women’s movement in Bangladesh. The time frame of this study covers the first three decades of Bangladesh i.e. 1971-2000. The paper reveals that the feminist formulations are not the sole prerogative of the women’s organisations or the feminists alone. There are several sites and platforms where feminist articulations are made. The women’s movement, while making its own articulations, is also engaged in a dialogue with other actors in the wider domain of feminism. Among other actors and sites of feminist formulations, the state and global feminism have come out as two major sites, with which the women’s movement is constantly interacting, shaping and being shaped in its journey of feminist developments. This study made use of qualitative research methodology, conducting in-depth interviews and collecting life stories of key protagonists of the women’s movement, and blending such primary data with secondary source materials. Introduction This paper attempts to look at the interface taking place at a macro level, highlighting the nature of interaction from a broader perspective in relation to the state, global feminism and development of autonomous feminist voices at the local level. The purpose here is to look into feminist formulations around the world to understand what impact these global scenarios have had on local level feminist formulations.
    [Show full text]
  • Feminism and International Law: Theory, Methodology, and Substantive Reform Author(S): Aaron Xavier Fellmeth Source: Human Rights Quarterly, Vol
    Feminism and International Law: Theory, Methodology, and Substantive Reform Author(s): Aaron Xavier Fellmeth Source: Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 22, No. 3 (Aug., 2000), pp. 658-733 Published by: The Johns Hopkins University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4489298 Accessed: 27-09-2017 08:40 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4489298?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms The Johns Hopkins University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Human Rights Quarterly This content downloaded from 143.107.252.17 on Wed, 27 Sep 2017 08:40:39 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms HUMAN RIGHTS QUARTERLY Feminism and International Law: Theory, Methodology, and Substantive Reform Aaron Xavier Fellmeth* CONTENTS I. Introduction .......................... ...... ..... 659 II. Background to Feminist Jurisprudence ..................... 662 III. Feminist Conceptual Challenges to International Law ......... 667 A. The Public/Private Distinction and the State-Centric Model ... 668 1. The Public/Private Critique and Its Uses .............. 668 2. Significance of the International Public/Private Divide for Women .............................675 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Problems of Women's Political Participation in Bangladesh
    Problems of Women’s Political Participation in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study By Farah Deeba Chowdhury Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in the Joint Women’s Studies Programme at Mount Saint Vincent University Saint Mary’s University Halifax, NS 09/06/2004 © Copyright by Farah Deeba Chowdhury, 10/06/2004 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1^1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisisitons et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 0-612-92709-1 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 0-612-92709-1 The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of theL'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither thedroit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts from Niit la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou aturement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. In compliance with the Canadian Conformément à la loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur la protection de la vie privée, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Feminism in Bangladesh: 1971-2000 Voices from Women's Movement
    Feminism in Bangladesh: 1971-2000 Voices from Women’s Movement ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Thesis To obtain the degree of PhD from University of Dhaka Supervisor Dr. Najma Chowdhury Emeritus Professor, Founding Chair, Department of Women and Gender Studies University of Dhaka Co Supervisor Dr. Firdous Azim Professor, Chairperson of the Department of English and Humanities BRAC University, Dhaka Submitted by Ayesha Banu Associate Professor Department of Women and Gender Studies University of Dhaka Registration No and Session: 215 (2012-13) (re) Affiliated Hall: Bangladesh-Kuwait Maitri Hall, University of Dhaka Date of Submission PhD Committee Convenor Dr. Meghna Guhathakurta, Director, Research Initiative, Bangladesh (RIB), Dhaka. Members Dr. Najma Chowdhury, Supervisor, Emeritus Professor, Department of Women and Gender Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka. External Member: Dr. Maitrayee Chaudhuri, Professor, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The PhD Programme was supported by the project entitled ―Institutionalising the Department of Women‘s Studies‖, funded by the Royal Netherlands Embassy and managed by the Department of Women and Gender Studies, University of Dhaka and Institute of Development Studies (ISS), The Hague. II Table of Content List of Figures ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Which Feminisms?
    New Masses, New Movements—17 susan watkins WHICH FEMINISMS? f all the opposition movements to have erupted since 2008, the rebirth of a militant feminism is perhaps the most surprising—not least because feminism as such had never gone away; women’s empowerment has long been a Omantra of the global establishment. Yet there were already signs that something new was stirring in the us and uk student protests of 2010, the 2011 Occupy encampments at Puerta del Sol and Zuccotti Park. In India, mass rallies condemned the gang rape of Jyoti Pandey in 2012 and feminist flash-mobs have disrupted the moral-policing operations of Hindutva fundamentalists. The protests against sexual assault on us campuses blazed across the New York media in 2014. In Brazil, 30,000 black women descended on the capital in 2015 to demonstrate against sexual violence and racism, calling for the ouster of the corrupt head of the National Congress, Eduardo Cunha; earlier that year, the March of Margaridas brought over 50,000 rural women to Brasília. In Argentina, feminist campaigners against domestic violence were at the forefront of protests against Macri’s shock therapy. In China, the arrest in 2015 of five young women preparing to sticker Beijing’s public transport against sexual violence—members of Young Feminist Activism, an online coa- lition that’s played cat-and-mouse with the authorities—was met with web petitions signed by over 2 million people. In January 2017, a ‘feminism of the 99 per cent’ declared itself with the million-strong march against the Trump Administration in the us.
    [Show full text]
  • The Involvement of Women in Mexican Politics and Economics
    Honors Senior Thesis ********************************** PASS WITH DISTINCTION The Involvement of Women in Mexican Politics and Economics Jennifer L. Bauermeister Honors Senior Thesis December 1999 Contents Introduction 1 The Journey Begins: 1910-1940 2 A Period of Inactivity: 1940-1968 8 The Second Wave of Activism: 1970-1990 10 Mexico in the 1990s and Beyond 15 The Participation and Mobilization of Mexican Women in Politics and Economics: An On-Site Analysis 19 Pictures of Women in Mexico 23 Bibliography 26 Introduction During the summer of 1999, I traveled to Cuernavaca, Mexico to attend school at a Mexican University. Spending two months in Mexico, I had the Oppo11unity to learn about the culture, history and lifestyle of the country. What interested me most was the involvement of women. Because Mexico is such a male-dominated society, the role of women is much different than in the United States. Although the role of women is different, they are in no way "behind" the U.S. in progress or mentality. They are merely on a different path to a different goal. This paper is an attempt to describe the past, present and future involvement of women in Mexican politics and economics. It is not the entire story, but only events and occurrences that Tsee as being important. I hope that the paper will open the eyes of those, who are similar to myself prior to studying this topic, and have mjsconceptions about women in developing nations. 2 The Journey Begins: 1910-1940 Women in Mexico have a unique history of involvement in economics and politics.
    [Show full text]
  • “Entrenched Patriarchy, Women Social Movement and Women Participation in Politics”
    American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 4, No. 7; July 2014 “Entrenched Patriarchy, Women Social Movement and Women Participation in Politics” Yusuf Hauwa’u Evelyn Yusufu Adefarakan Adedayo Kaduna State University Nigeria The social, economic and political status of women in most societies all over the world, in spite of many decades of concern and advocacy by world organizations, Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) as well as the feminist groups has not been fundamentally transformed. They have continued to remain largely inconsequential in decision making arena both in their private and public lives. For close to about four decades, the women in many continents as well as in many countries have intensified the struggles not only to mobilize themselves, understand and appreciate the magnitude of their socio-economic predicaments, but to seek an alternative strategy that will improve their participation in politics. However, with each step, and strategy, there are always the patriarchal brick walls. This paper attempts to investigate and interrogate patriarchy in relations to the exclusion of women from the decision making processes. It argued that the deep seated entrenchment and institutionalization of patriarchy in the mind-set of the generality of the populace is largely responsible. The emergence of women social movement and their efforts to open the political space to widen women participation and the constraints they encountered were then examined. The place of patriarchy in the marginalization, and exclusion of women from participation in politics was thereafter put in perspective. Emphasis was placed on how the manifest patriarchal constraints have prevented the empowering of women, thereby making the women’s social movements not to have created any significant impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women Global Women’S Issues and Knowledge
    Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women Global Women’s Issues and Knowledge Volume 1 Ability—Education: Globalization Editorial Board General Editors Cheris Kramarae Dale Spender University of Oregon University of Queensland United States Australia Topic Editors ARTS AND LITERATURE HEALTH, REPRODUCTION, RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY Ailbhe Smyth AND SEXUALITY Sister Mary John Mananzan University College, Dublin Dianne Forte Saint Scholastica’s College, Ireland Boston Women’s Health Book Manila Collective Liz Ferrier United States University of Queensland SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Australia HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY Leigh Star CULTURE AND COMMUNICATION OF FEMINISM University of California, Angharad Valdivia Maggie Humm San Diego University of Illinois University of East London United States United States England ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT VIOLENCE AND PEACE HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES Ingar Palmlund Evelyne Accad Joan Mencher Linköping University University of Illinois at Urbana- City University of New York Sweden Champaign United States ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT United States Cora V.Baldock POLITICS AND THE STATE Murdoch University Nira Yuval-Davis WOMEN’S STUDIES Australia University of Greenwich Caryn McTighe Musil EDUCATION England American Association of Gill Kirkup Shirin M.Rai Colleges and Universities, Open University University of Warwick Washington, D.C. England England United States Honorary Editorial Advisory Board Nirmala Banerjee Phyllis Hall Beth Stafford Charlotte Bunch Jenny Kien Chizuko Ueno Hilda Ching Theresia Sauter-Bailliet Gaby Weiner Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women Global Women’s Issues and Knowledge Volume 1 Ability—Education: Globalization Cheris Kramarae and Dale Spender General Editors Routledge New York • London NOTICE Some articles in the Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women relate to physical and mental health; nothing in these articles, singly or collectively, is meant to replace the advice and expertise of physicians and other health professionals.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementation of Quotas: Asian Experiences Quota Workshops Report Series
    The Implementation of Quotas: Asian Experiences Quota Workshops Report Series Jakarta, Indonesia 25 September 2002 Preface The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral workshops in Latin America, Africa, Eastern Europe and Assistance (IDEA), an intergovernmental organization the Caucasus and the Arab World. The workshop was with member states across all continents, seeks to sup- held in Jakarta, Indonesia, in September 2002. IDEA port sustainable democracy in both new and long-esta- has been operating a country programme in Indonesia blished democracies. Drawing on comparative analysis since 1999, and the location of the meeting proved and experience, IDEA works to strengthen electoral pro- timely given the vigorous debate regarding quota imple- cesses, enhance political equality and participation and mentation that was going on during 2002. The debate develop democratic institutions and practices. The culminated in the passage of a new Electoral Law in inclusive and responsive nature of those institutions is February 2003, which carries the provision that political considered of particular importance if there is to be parties ‘should consider’ including women as 30 per cent effective governance, benefiting a wide spectrum of of all electoral candidates. While weak in its implemen- groups in society. In this context, IDEA is committed to tation, this was a mild victory for the groups that had promoting women’s participation and representation in lobbied hard for quotas, and it is viewed as a first step political life. toward gender equality within political institutions in The implementation of gender quotas is increasingly the country. viewed as an important policy measure for increasing IDEA’s workshop on quotas in Asia was supported by women’s access to decision-making bodies.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Strength of Women's Movements Over Time: Conceptual, Empirical, and Theoretical Innovations
    Politics, Groups, and Identities ISSN: 2156-5503 (Print) 2156-5511 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rpgi20 Comparative strength of women's movements over time: conceptual, empirical, and theoretical innovations Amy G. Mazur, Dorothy E. McBride & Season Hoard To cite this article: Amy G. Mazur, Dorothy E. McBride & Season Hoard (2016) Comparative strength of women's movements over time: conceptual, empirical, and theoretical innovations, Politics, Groups, and Identities, 4:4, 652-676, DOI: 10.1080/21565503.2015.1102153 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2015.1102153 View supplementary material Published online: 07 Dec 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 28 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 4 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rpgi20 Download by: [Amy Mazur] Date: 04 January 2017, At: 09:13 POLITICS, GROUPS, AND IDENTITIES, 2016 VOL. 4, NO. 4, 652–676 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2015.1102153 DIALOGUE: NEW DIRECTIONS IN STUDYING WOMEN’S MOVEMENT STRENGTH Comparative strength of women’s movements over time: conceptual, empirical, and theoretical innovations Amy G. Mazura, Dorothy E. McBrideb and Season Hoardc aSchool of Politics, Philosophy and Public Affairs, Washington State University, Moscow, ID, USA; bDepartment of Political Science, Florida Atlantic University, Tacoma, WA, USA; cSchool of Politics, Philosophy and Public Affairs, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Women’s movements in Western democracies have a long history, Received 4 November 2014 yet there are few conclusions we can draw with confidence about Accepted 27 September 2015 their trajectories over the decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Part Three: Syllabi for Topics Courses on Gender
    PART THREE: SYLLABI FOR TOPICS COURSES ON GENDER Laura Miller TOPICS IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF GENDER: GENDER AND INTERACTION Course Objectives This course offers instruction in how to measure, analyze, and write about gender and interaction using qualitative methods. We will read and analyze literature reviews on the topic, each of which include a lengthy bibliography for further reading of both qualitative and quantitative studies. Then we will alternate between analyzing published examples of this type of research and assessing the in- progress works of one another. You will receive personalized instruction and assistance with your own research, as well as learn through developing constructive criticism of other people’s work. During the course we will discuss how to write book reviews and journal manuscripts, as well as learn how to assess and respond to reviews of your own work. Requirements To enroll, you must submit a paper having at least something to do with gender and interaction for the class to review. Your submission could be conference or course paper; MA, article, or chapter draft; or dissertation or grant proposal. If you revise your paper before it is time your paper to be discussed, you may circulate the more recent version to the class. You are required to revise your paper after the class has reviewed it, to include a letter explaining what feedback you did and did not incorporate and why. This revision is due by the end of finals week at the latest, but you are free to turn it in anytime before then. On the days that we are scheduled to discuss published works, we will begin with a quiz to ensure that you have adequately prepared for class by completing and thinking about the assigned readings.
    [Show full text]