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Publication 24. Geological Series 20. MINERAL RESOURCES of MICHIGAN Illustrations with STATISTICAL TABLES of PRODUCTION Figure 2

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Publication 24. Geological Series 20. MINERAL RESOURCES of MICHIGAN Illustrations with STATISTICAL TABLES of PRODUCTION Figure 2 STATE OF MICHIGAN. Celestite. ......................................................................43 MICHIGAN GEOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SURVEY PART III. RESULTS OF DEEP WELL BORINGS. ........43 Publication 24. Geological Series 20. MINERAL RESOURCES OF MICHIGAN Illustrations WITH STATISTICAL TABLES OF PRODUCTION Figure 2. Geological map of area between White Pine River AND VALUE OF MINERAL PRODUCTS and Lake Superior............................................................4 FOR Figure 4. Geological map showing location of Portland cement 1916 AND PRIOR YEARS. plants and principle areas in which occur deposits of limestone and shale suitable for use in making Portland PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF cement. ..........................................................................22 R. C. ALLEN Figure 5. Map of known marl deposits in the Southern DIRECTOR, MICHIGAN GEOLOGICAL AND Peninsula of Michigan. ...................................................24 BIOLOGICAL SURVEY Figure 6. Map showing location of mineral industries in PUBLISHED AS A PART OF THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Michigan.........................................................................29 BOARD OFGEOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 1916. LANSING, MICHIGAN LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. WYNKOOP HALLENBECK CRAWFORD CO., STATE PRINTERS, 1917 To the Honorable, the Board of Geological and Biological Survey of the State of Michigan: Gov. Albert E. Sleeper. Contents Hon. Thomas W. Nadal. Letter of Transmittal. ...................................................... 1 Hon. Fred L. Keeler. PART I. METALLIC MINERALS. .................................... 1 Gentlemen:—Under authority of act number seven, Public Acts of Michigan, Session of 1911, I have the Michigan Copper Industry in 1916. Walter E. Hopper.. 1 honor to present herewith Publication 24, Geological PART II. NON-METALLIC MINERALS. ........................ 18 Series 20, the sixth of a series of annual statements of Portland Cement Industry. R. A. Smith. ..................... 18 the production and value of the mineral products of Michigan. Miscellaneous Non-Metallic Minerals Very respectfully, Salt............................................................................... 29 R. C. ALLEN, Gypsum. ...................................................................... 31 Director. Coal ............................................................................. 32 Limestone .................................................................... 33 Lime............................................................................. 34 PART I. METALLIC MINERALS. Brick and Tile Products................................................ 35 Clay.............................................................................. 35 THE MICHIGAN COPPER INDUSTRY IN Pottery. ........................................................................ 36 1916. Sand-Lime Brick. ......................................................... 36 WALTER E. HOPPER. Sandstone. .................................................................. 37 Grindstones and Scythestones. .................................. 38 GENERAL REVIEW. Sand and Gravel.......................................................... 38 Glass Sand. ................................................................. 39 Michigan copper mines made a record production for the Natural Gas. ................................................................ 39 district during 1916. According to the U. S. Geological Survey, the total production of copper in Michigan in Petroleum. ................................................................... 40 1916 was 273,692,525 pounds, valued at $67,328,361, Mineral and Spring Waters.......................................... 40 and that of silver was 716,640 fine ounces, valued at Marble.......................................................................... 41 $471,549, a combined value of $67,799,910. This is an Shale............................................................................ 41 increase of $21,078,251, or 45 per cent, over the value Slate............................................................................. 42 of the output in 1915. Trap Rock. ................................................................... 42 The average price of copper per pound for 1916 was Graphite....................................................................... 42 $0.246, compared with $0.175 in 1915. The average Mineral Paints.............................................................. 42 price of silver for 1916 was $0.658 per fine ounce; for 1915 it was $0.507. The average value per ton of ore Quartz.......................................................................... 42 treated was $5.34, compared with $3.76 in 1915. Feldspar....................................................................... 43 Publication 24, Geological Series 20 – Page 1 of 57 The smelter production, or the output of refined copper, ocean freight rates and marine and war risk insurance in 1916 was 269,794,531 pounds, which represents an during 1916 also increased the total cost considerably in increase of 30,838,121 pounds over the smelter a few cases. production for 1915. The most important metallurgical development during In 1916 the amount of ore milled was 12,364,114 short the year was the successful inauguration of the tons, which yielded 420,551,291 pounds of concentrates ammonia leaching process at the Calumet & Hecla mill. and 268,279,876 pounds of copper. In 1915 the amount This process was developed from the bottle stage in the milled was 12,334,700 short tons, which yielded laboratory to the present 2,000 ton plant in four years' 400,178,132 pounds of concentrate and 265,283,378 time, entirely by C. & H. engineers. The present plant pounds of copper. The average recovery of refined has been a commercial and metallurgical success from copper per ton of ore milled in 1916 was 21.7 pounds, the beginning. compared with 21.5 pounds in 1915. In connection with the leaching of sands, experiments The year 1916 was one of unusual profits for the were conducted by the Calumet & Hecla and by the Michigan copper companies. A total of $28,840,348.59 Michigan College of Mines on the flotation of copper in was paid in dividends by 15 companies. This amount the slimes, with encouraging results. Minerals compares with $15,189,653 paid by 10 companies in Separation machines of 50-ton capacity have been 1915. Practically all the producing mines made an installed at the Calumet & Hecla and White Pine mills. increased production, and with the high price received At the close of the year production was limited only by for copper sold, incomes from mining operations were stamping facilities. Every mill in the district except the exceptionally large. A number of the developing Adventure was operating and almost all at full capacity. companies were able to increase operations, and two or three of the companies paid off all debts and ended the year with a balance of assets. CONSTRUCTION WORK. Production was forced to the maximum, and 1916 shows Notwithstanding the shortage of labor, increased cost of the largest production in the history of the district. material, and higher wages, considerable construction Severe winter storms in the early part of the year, and work was done throughout the district in 1916. consequent transportation trouble, affected the year's The total, cost per pound for construction at the Calumet production, especially at the Ahmeek, Allouez, & Hecla was 0.60 cents. At the Isle Royale out of a total Centennial, LaSalle, Osceola, Mohawk and Wolverine. cost per pound of 15.75 cents the construction cost was The principal factor which affected adversely the year's 0.71 cents. Ahmeek expended $320,833.77 for production at all mines was the general scarcity of labor construction and the Copper Range $337,371.91, about throughout the district. This condition was somewhat twice the amount spent in 1915. Mass spent $94,556.03 improved during the latter part of the year. for new construction, Victoria $59,802.95, White Pine Wages during 1916 were the highest in the history of the Extension $43,938.84, South Lake $37,125.24, Mohawk district. At the Calumet & Hecla and subsidiary $34,924.26, Keweenaw $26,842.89, New Arcadian companies the 10 per cent premium for the first six $25,007.86, Quincy, $24,080.52, Allouez $22,321.35, months of the year, announced on December 31, 1915, Winona $20,278.71, White Pine $17,592.97 and Franklin was continued throughout 1916, together with an $15,053.47. All this work was for improvements at additional payment of 25 cents per day for each day mines and mills towards increased production and for worked from July 1 to December 31, if the person was in the betterment of the employees. A number of the the employ of the company on the latter date. On companies in the development stage expended December 13 notices were posted announcing that the considerable money for machinery and equipment which 10 per cent premium would be continued until July 1, will enable them to carry on more extended development 1917 and that from January 1 to July 1, 1917 a 50 cent and exploration work. bonus for each day worked would be paid employees on regular pay days. At the Quincy wages were advanced EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT WORK, seven and one-half per cent: March 1, making a total of 15 per cent above normal, and from July 1 an additional The producing mines confined all efforts to forcing bonus of 25 cents per day was given the men. This
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