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Victor Or Villain? Wernher Von Braun and the Space Race
The Social Studies (2011) 102, 59–64 Copyright C Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0037-7996 print / 2152-405X online DOI: 10.1080/00377996.2010.484444 Victor or Villain? Wernher von Braun and the Space Race JASON L. O’BRIEN1 and CHRISTINE E. SEARS2 1Education Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA 2History Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA Set during the Cold War and space race, this historical role-play focuses on Wernher von Braun’s involvement in and culpability for the use of slave laborers to produce V-2 rockets for Nazi Germany. Students will grapple with two central questions. Should von Braun have been allowed to emigrate to the United States given his affiliation with the Nazis and use of slave laborers? Should the U.S. government and military have put Braun in powerful positions in NASA and military programs? This activity encourages students to hone their critical thinking skills as they consider and debate a complex, multi-layered historical scenario. Students also have opportunity to articulate persuasive arguments either for or against von Braun. Each character sketch includes basic information, but additional references are included for teachers and students who want a more in depth background. Keywords: role-play, Wernher von Braun, Space Race, active learning Victor or Villain? Wernher von Braun and the Space Role-Playing as an Instructional Strategy Race By engaging in historical role-plays, students can explore In 2009, the United States celebrated the fortieth anniver- different viewpoints regarding controversial topics (Clegg sary of the Apollo 11 crew’s landing on the moon. -
“The Black Virus”
“THE BLACK VIRUS” By Giorgio Mottola Consultant Andrea Palladino With the contribution of Norma Ferrara – Simona Peluso Video by Dario D’India – Alfredo Farina Video by Davide Fonda – Tommaso Javidi Editing and graphics by Giorgio Vallati GIORGIO MOTTOLA OFF CAMERA How a video by the news show TGR Leonardo went viral is a rather unusual story. It was extremely difficult to find on search engines. So, for five years the story remained buried in the RAI website's archive – until last month, it had zero views. SIGFRIDO RANUCCI IN THE STUDIO This video appeared on social media and on our mobile phones while we were at home in lockdown, somewhat nettled by the long, enforced quarantine. It was an old TGR Leonardo report, showing Chinese reporters in a lab, experimenting on a strain of coronavirus. And we all shared the same suspicion. The SARS-CoV-2 strain is manmade, the poisoned fruit of Chinese researchers. We all posted it on our profiles, including me, though I pointed out that scientists had excluded any human intervention and that the video was spreading quicker than coronavirus. Who pushed it so far? Who made it go viral? With what intent? And, above all, was it real or fake news? There's a fine line there. GIORGIO MOTTOLA OFF CAMERA If you have a social network profile or just use WhatsApp, while locked away at home you will certainly have seen this video. TGR LEONARDO – FROM 16/11/2015 It's an experiment, sure, but it's worrying. It worries many scientists. A team of Chinese researchers inserts a protein taken from bats into a SARS virus strain, or acute pneumonia, obtained from mice. -
50 Jahre Mondlandung« Mit Apollo-Astronaut Gefeiert Und Der VDI War Mit Dabei Am 29. Und 30. Mai 2019 Fanden Vor Großem Publ
»50 Jahre Mondlandung« mit Apollo-Astronaut gefeiert und der VDI war mit dabei Am 29. und 30. Mai 2019 fanden vor großem Publikum die Feierlichkeiten des 50jährigen Jubiläums der ersten bemannten Mondlandung in einzigartiger Kulisse im Technik Museum Speyer statt. Ein besonderer Ehrengast war der Apollo 16-Astronaut und »Moonwalker« Charles Duke. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DGLR) veranstaltete am 29. Mai 2019 in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) und dem Technik Museum Speyer ein ganztägiges Fachsymposium mit dem Titel »First Moon Landing« in der beeindruckenden Kulisse Europas größter Raumfahrtausstellung »Apollo and Beyond«. 250 Fachbesucher nahmen an der mit »hochkarätigen« Referenten und Gästen aus der Raumfahrtbranche besetzten Fachveranstaltung teil. Die Referenten kamen aus den verschiedensten Bereichen der deutschen, europäischen, russischen und amerikanischen Raumfahrt. Gäste waren beispielsweise die deutschen Astronauten Reinhold Ewald, Matthias Maurer, Ulf Merbold, Ernst Messerschmid und Ulrich Walter. Der besondere Ehrengast war der trotz seiner 83 Jahre junggebliebene US-Astronaut Charles Duke, der als so genannter »Capcom«“ (Capsule Communicator) bei der ersten bemannten Mondlandung von Apollo 11 fungierte und später selbst als 10. und jüngster Mensch auf dem Mond mit Apollo 16 landete. Die Besucher/innen des Fachsymposiums verfolgten aufmerksam die Vorträge und hörten den Referenten gebannt zu (© DGLR/T. Henne) 1 Das Programm des Symposiums war aufgeteilt in vier -
Noam Chomsky: Turning the Tide
NOAM CHOMSKY TURNING THE TIDE US Intervention in Central America and the Struggle for Peace ESSENTIAL CLASSICS IN POLITICS: NOAM CHOMSKY EB 0007 ISBN 0 7453 1345 0 London 1999 The Electric Book Company Ltd Pluto Press Ltd 20 Cambridge Drive 345 Archway Rd London SE12 8AJ, UK London N6 5AA, UK www.elecbook.com www.plutobooks.com © Noam Chomsky 1999 Limited printing and text selection allowed for individual use only. All other reproduction, whether by printing or electronically or by any other means, is expressly forbidden without the prior permission of the publishers. This file may only be used as part of the CD on which it was first issued. TURNING THE TIDE US Intervention in Central America and the Struggle for Peace Noam Chomsky 4 Copyright 1985 by Noam Chomsky Manufactured in the USA Production at South End Press, Boston Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Chomsky, Noam Turning the tide. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Central America—Politics and government—1979- . 2. Violence—Central America—History—20th century. 3. Civil rights—Central America—History—20th century. 4. Central America—Foreign relations—United States. 5. United States— Foreign relations—Central America. I. Title F1 436. 8. U6 1985 327. 728073 ISBN: 0-7453-0184-3 Digital processing by The Electric Book Company 20 Cambridge Drive, London SE12 8AJ, UK www.elecbook.com Classics in Politics: Turning the Tide Noam Chomsky 5 Contents Click on number to go to page Introduction................................................................................. 8 1. Free World Vignettes .............................................................. 11 1. The Miseries of Traditional Life.............................................. 15 2. Challenge and Response: Nicaragua...................................... -
Conversations with Francesco Cossiga
Bulletin of Italian Politics Vol. 2, No. 2, 2010, 141-162 Conversations with Francesco Cossiga Alison Jamieson The article is an extract from five exclusive interviews, recorded over several months in 2009, with former Italian president, Francesco Cossiga, who died on 17 August 2010. Born in 1928 in Sardinia, Cossiga was a life Senator in the Italian parliament, to which he was first elected for the Christian Democratic Party in 1958. His second cousin, Enrico Berlinguer, was secretary of the Italian Communist party from 1972 until his death in 1984. Cossiga held the offices of interior minister, prime minister, speaker of the Senate and president of the republic. He resigned as interior minister on 9 May 1978 after the murder of Aldo Moro, but returned as prime minister from August 1979 till October 1980. Considered a specialist in the areas of intelligence and security, Cossiga was proud of his association with the secret Stay Behind network known as Gladio, and took credit for setting up Italy’s anti-terrorist rapid response units. Church and State The first of five recorded conversations with President Cossiga occurred on the thirty-fifth anniversary of the divorce referendum. I began by asking him about the political significance of the vote, which had returned a large majority in favour of retaining divorce. The victories of the Christian Democratic party in 1947 and 1948 were erroneously seen as those of the Catholic Church and of Catholicism. The victories were due to a more complex series of factors: many non-believers voted DC, most Italian Jews voted DC while the others voted for the Republican Party. -
Download the Scotland Ebook
Yes or No? A collection of writing on Scottish independence Neal Ascherson, Menzies Campbell, David Marquand, Linda Colley, John Kay, John Kerr PROSPECT 2014 2 Introduction he vision of an independent Scotland will not disap- articulate a compelling case for the Union other than one based pear, even with a No vote in the referendum on 18th on prophesies of doom for Scotland if it goes it alone. This is September, which opinion polls suggest is likely. As partly because the question that David Cameron chose to pose Neal Ascherson argues in “Why I’ll vote Yes,” that in this referendum—full independence, or no change at all—is idea, now that it has taken root, will not go away. the wrong one. There should have been the option on the bal- TWhen Scots looks south, Ascherson writes, they see little of lot of “devo-max”—full autonomy, minus responsibility for for- themselves there. And all the while, the internal voice which eign policy and defence. Yet Cameron ducked that, wanting muses that “my country was independent once” gets louder. to force Scotland into a No vote; even though that is the likely Like many countries before it, Scotland sees independence “as result, the tactic has backfired by forcing serious consideration the way to join the world, modernise and take responsibility for of the Yes option. their own actions and mistakes.” Whatever happens on 18th September, Britain will have to Yet for all the feelings of national identity and self-assertion rethink the way it runs itself. The writer and former Labour MP that the referendum campaign has stirred up, economic ques- David Marquand imagines a federal future for the UK which tions—particularly concerning the currency and membership of grants autonomy to the constituent parts of the Union, short the of European Union—have dominated the debate. -
N I~ ~L 'Ш Я .N OI ~V Wl Lo ~N I
.NI~~l'ШЯ .NOI~VWllO~NI .Edltorlal This issue of СА/В focuses on the fascist connection, in par in Latin America or the U.S. The Kameradenwerk-the Nazi ticular the U.S. role in helping hundreds, perhaps thousands, old Ьоу network-remained active over the years, vigorous of prominent Nazis avoid retribution ·at the end of World War enough to have planned and carried out · the 1980 coup in 11. The CIA (originally the OSS) and the U.S. military, along Bolivia, for example, and to have held high places in with the Vatican, were instrumental in exfiltrating war crimi Pinochet's govemment in Chile. And they are major figures in nals not just to Latin America, but to the United States as well. the intemational arms and drug trades as well-traffic which As the Reagan administration attempts to rewrite history, it the U.S. tries to Ыаmе on the socialist countries. is worthwhile to examine carefully the wartime and postwar Hundreds of Nazis have been set up in scientific institutions machinations of the extreme Right. The President goes to Bit in this country. Ironically, it now appears that Star W ars is burg claiming it is time to forgive and forget, when in reality merely an extension of the Nazis' wartime rocket research. he is merely cutting а crude political deal with the reactionary Much of the U.S. space program was designed Ьу them. When West German govemment for its approval of Star Wars Ьу giv the Justice Department's Office of Special Investigations leam ing his absolution to the SS. -
Nicolae Ceaușescu Portrayed by the Italian Press (1968-1974)*
HUMANITIES - Anno IV, Numero 8, Dicembre 2015 DOI: 10.6092/2240-7715/2015.2.144-160 Francesco Magno NICOLAE CEAUȘESCU PORTRAYED BY THE ITALIAN PRESS (1968-1974)* Abstract Il contributo si concentra sui modi in cui Nicolae Ceauşescu e la Romania comunista furono presentati al pubblico italiano dalla stampa nazionale, sia di partito che d’opinione, tra il 1968 e il 1974, periodo in cui il leader romeno godette indubbiamente di un ampio apprezzamento nel mondo occidentale. In particolare, viene messo in luce come gli interessi di diversi gruppi di potere, sia politici che economici, influenzassero in quegli anni l’immagine e il giudizio che della Romania comunista erano offerti dalla stampa italiana. Alcuni giornali, tra i quali soprattutto «l’Unità» e «La Stampa», espressioni di mondi e interessi contrapposti, si distinsero allora nell’opera di manipolazione della verità a proposito di Nicolae Ceauşescu e del suo regime in Romania, omettendo o sfumando le informazioni sui caratteri autoritari del sistema o esaltandone in maniera strumentale i meriti e le “aperture”. °°°°° The ways in which Nicolae Ceaușescu and communist Romania have been portrayed in Italian public discourse are various and complex. They do not follow any kind of ideological coherence, but only political and economical opportunism. The biggest mistake would be to imagine Nicolae Ceaușescu being praised and appreciated in communist and left wing newspapers and, at the same time, denigrated and criticised in conservative ones. The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate how ideological distinctions did not always count in the report of Romanian facts and how, behind the articles that * This paper has been presented at the Session of Scientific Communications held at the Faculty of History of the University of Alba Iulia (Romania) on 16th November 2014. -
Final Report of the Nazi War Crimes & Japanese
Nazi War Crimes & Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group Final Report to the United States Congress April 2007 Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group Final Report to the United States Congress Published April 2007 1-880875-30-6 “In a world of conflict, a world of victims and executioners, it is the job of thinking people not to be on the side of the executioners.” — Albert Camus iv IWG Membership Allen Weinstein, Archivist of the United States, Chair Thomas H. Baer, Public Member Richard Ben-Veniste, Public Member Elizabeth Holtzman, Public Member Historian of the Department of State The Secretary of Defense The Attorney General Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation National Security Council Director of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum Nationa5lrchives ~~ \T,I "I, I I I"" April 2007 I am pleased to present to Congress. Ihe AdnllniSlr:lllon, and the Amcncan [JeOplc Ihe Final Report of the Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Rcrords Interagency Working Group (IWG). The lWG has no\\ successfully completed the work mandated by the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act (P.L. 105-246) and the Japanese Imperial Government DisdoSUTC Act (PL 106·567). Over 8.5 million pages of records relaH:d 10 Japanese and Nazi "'ar crimes have been identifIed among Federal Go\emmelll records and opened to the pubhc. including certam types of records nevcr before released. such as CIA operational Iiles. The groundbrcaking release of Lhcse ft:cords In no way threatens lhe Malio,,'s sccurily. -
The Rise and Fall of Missiles in the Us Air Force, 1957-1967
FLAMEOUT: THE RISE AND FALL OF MISSILES IN THE U.S. AIR FORCE, 1957-1967 A Dissertation by DAVID WILLIAM BATH Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Joseph G. Dawson, III Committee Members, Terry H. Anderson Olga Dror Angela Pulley Hudson James Burk Head of Department, David Vaught December 2015 Major Subject: History Copyright 2015 David William Bath ABSTRACT This dissertation documents how the U.S. national perspective toward ballistic nuclear missiles changed dramatically between 1957 and 1967 and how the actions and attitudes of this time brought about long term difficulties for the nation, the Air Force, and the missile community. In 1957, national leaders believed that ballistic missiles would replace the manned bomber and be used to win an anticipated third world war between communist and capitalist nations. Only ten years later, the United States was deep into a limited war in Vietnam and had all but proscribed the use of nuclear missiles. This dissertation uses oral histories, memoirs, service school theses, and formerly classified government documents and histories to determine how and why the nation changed its outlook on nuclear ballistic missiles so quickly. The dissertation contends that because scientists and engineers created the revolutionary weapon at the beginning of the Cold War, when the U.S. and U.S.S.R. were struggling for influence and power, many national leaders urged the military to design and build nuclear ballistic missiles before the Soviet Union could do so. -
UNDERSTANDING POWER the INDISPENSABLE CHOMSKY Edited by Peter R
THE FOOTNOTES FOR: UNDERSTANDING POWER THE INDISPENSABLE CHOMSKY Edited by Peter R. Mitchell and John Schoeffel. Preface 1. For George Bush's statement, see "Bush's Remarks to the Nation on the Terrorist Attacks," New York Times, September 12, 2001, p. A4. For the quoted analysis from the New York Times's first "Week in Review" section following the September 11th attacks, see Serge Schmemann, "War Zone: What Would ‘Victory’ Mean?," New York Times, September 16, 2001, section 4, p. 1. Understanding Power: Preface Footnote Chapter One Weekend Teach-In: Opening Session 1. On Kennedy's fraudulent "missile gap" and major escalation of the arms race, see for example, Fred Kaplan, Wizards of Armageddon, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983, chs. 16, 19 and 20; Desmond Ball, Politics and Force Levels: The Strategic Missile Program of the Kennedy Administration, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980, ch. 2. On Reagan's fraudulent "window of vulnerability" and "military spending gap" and the massive military buildup during his first administration, see for example, Jeff McMahan, Reagan and the World: Imperial Policy in the New Cold War, New York: Monthly Review, 1985, chs. 2 and 3; Franklyn Holzman, "Politics and Guesswork: C.I.A. and D.I.A. estimates of Soviet Military Spending," International Security, Fall 1989, pp. 101-131; Franklyn Holzman, "The C.I.A.'s Military Spending Estimates: Deceit and Its Costs," Challenge, May/June 1992, pp. 28-39; Report of the President's Commission on Strategic Forces, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, April 1983, especially pp. 7-8, 17, and Brent Scowcroft, "Final Report of the President's Commission on Strategic Forces," Atlantic Community Quarterly, Vol. -
The Holocaust and the Law: a Model of 'Good History'?
THE HOLOCAUST AND THE LAW: A MODEL OF ‘GOOD HISTORY’? LYNNE HUMPHREY ROYAL HOLLOWAY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PhD 1 Acknowledgments I would like to formally thank Professor Dan Stone for his unwavering support, as well as patience, throughout the duration of the thesis. I would also like to thank the administration staff of both the former German department (Ann Hobbs) and the current History department for helping to facilitate the many stages of its progression. I would especially like to thank Marie-Christine Ockenden for her compassion and understanding when needing to interrupt my studies. I am grateful to the Friendly Hands Charitable Foundation. The grant awarded by this charity was essential for the research of the Ernst Zündel trials in Toronto, Canada. I am also grateful to Renu Barrett, at the ‘William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections’ (McMasters University), Janice Rosen, at the ‘Canadian Jewish Congress Charities Commission National Archives’ (Montreal), and A.J Strauss, at the Ontario Court of Appeal, for organising access to the relevant trial transcripts, and other primary source material, on my behalf, but also for being a source of friendly contact during my visits. On a more personal note, I would not have completed the thesis without the consistent encouragement, input and practical support of close family and friends. Although inadequate as recognition of this support, a huge thank you is due to my brothers, Stephen and Nigel, and the friendships of Meeta, Cheryl, Su, Maureen, Joanne, Shamshad, Alison, Paul, Ann, Fergus and Nuala. Inspiration was also sustained by the coastline of North Shields, the country lanes of Thurgarton and the cities of Berlin, Manchester and Toronto.