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Gun-Running and the Indian North-West Frontier Arnold Keppel

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University of Nebraska Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Books in English Digitized Books 1-1-1911 Gun-running and the Indian north-west frontier Arnold Keppel Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/afghanuno Part of the History Commons, and the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation London, England: J. Murray, 1911 xiv, 214 p. : folded maps, and plates Includes an index This Monograph is brought to you for free and open access by the Digitized Books at DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Books in English by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GUN-RUNNING AND THE INDIAN NORTH-WEST FRONTIER MULES (,'ROSSING THE I\I.tRBI< IN TIlE PASS OF PASllhli. ~~'UII~~HIJ~SOO, GUN-RUNNING AND THE INDIAN NORTH - WEST FRONTIER BY THE HON. ARNOLD KEPPEL WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATTONS FORT JEIoLALI, MUSCAT. LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W. 1911 SIR GEORGE ROOS-ICEPPEL, K .C.I.E. CHIEF COMMISSIONER Oh' TIIE NOR'I'I-1-WEST FRONTIER AND AGENT TO THE OOYERNOR-OENEnAL IN REMEMBRANCE OF A " COLD-MrEATHER " IN PESHAWAR v CONTENTS CHAPTER I. PESHAWAR AND TI-11% ICIIAIDAIl PASS 11. TIIIC ZAKICA ICHRT, AND MOl-IMANII ICXPEDITIONS . 111. TIIE POT,ICY OB' THE AMIR . IV. TI33 AUTUMN CRISIS, 1910 . V. TRIBAL 1tESPONSI~II.ITY VERSUS BANA'L'I(!ISAI. VI. PROM PKSHAWAR TO PAItACTTTNAIl . VII. SOUTITICRN WAZIRTS'I'AX . VIII. THE POTJCP OF SOX-INTERVENTION , IX. A CRUTSli: IN THE I'EHSIAN GULF . X. GUN-RUNNING IN TI~TlC PERSIAN GU1.P XI. WITH THE RI%:XRAN I'1I~:I.n FORCR-TITE llASH OX BINT . XII. WITH TIIli: MEKRAN FIELT) IfOItClC-A BRUSH WIT11 THE GUN-ItUXNEIIS XIII. TIIE FUTUltE OF RlRKItAN . INDEX . 209 vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS MULES CROSSING THE MARAli IN THE PASS OF I'ASHAIC DURING THE ADVANCE AGAINST IIAILICA" KHAN Fro?slis~iecc THE FROh'TlEE FINGEK-POST . 4 THE KHAIBXR PISS . SOME APRIDI TYPES . TURIS 01" TIlE KURRABI VALLEY . ORAKZAI ~'I%II~ES-FEOPLE. RICE-FIELDS, ICUILRAllI VALLEY . 104 THE MAHSUD I\l:1LIICS . I\IUSCAT . 1184 LANDING AT BAHREIN . J TEE GRAND CANAL, BASRA ' 138 THE BRIDGE OY SIGHS, LlASllA . 1 A '' BOXT-CILUISER " } 16% COLOA'ICL W. 5. DEIZAMAIN AND YTAPF o SEPOYS LANDING THEIR KIT 9T GALAG . 1 158 VIEW OF THE IlAPCIX RIVNlL aT CHllCAl BITND . CAMP 9T CI-IIlCAl BUND . 160 SIRDAJt ISLAM KHAN OF BINT . ] 164 THE ROCK OF nWT . "PANCH MINIT ICA HALT HAI" IN THE TANG-I-SARREH EN'YRANCE TO THE TANG-I-SXRZlEH ix x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS TO VAOB PAGE SAI~ZEHFORT (TWOVIEWS) . 174 t 11IR I.IAJ1 OB SIKUI, GOVEltNOR OP BIYABAN, AND HIS (!OIlllT . MIR KAMnAR OB ICULIISTAX, WITH HIS SON AND TWO SKETCH-MAPS THE DISTKICTS OF PZ:SHA\VAIt, ICOHAT, BANNU, AND DEllA lS1lAI L lCIIriN . 120 PERSIAN ~VU~CILANAND BIYADAN . 208 ND: TWO1 INTRODUCTORY OF late the interest of the British public has been centred on the internd problems of the Indian Empire, and chiefly those connected with the Hindu portion of the population. As a result of the alarming wave of sedition that swept over Bengal, accompanied by Brahmanical revivals in the two Presidencies, the affairs of the North- West Frontier, together with the problems con- nected with the Mahommedan subjects of the Icing-Emperor, have gradually been relegated to a hazardous obscurity, and have not received the attention they deserved. The crisis on the frontier in the autumn of 1910, as a direct result of the suppression of the arms traffic in the Persian Gulf, has had the effect of switching the limelight once again on to this most interesting quarter. People are at last beginning to realize that if the arming of the Pathan belt continues, a fiontier rising in the future will be an affair of infinitely more gravity than heretofore. But in spite of this the opera- tions of the blockadiilg squadroil in the Persian Gulf are not sufficieiltly recognized as ail integral part of frontier policy, r~11Ci have attracted atten- xi xii INTRODUCTORY tion more from the hazardous nature of the under- taking than from any bearing that the ultimate suppression of the traffic may have on the tran- cpillity of the frontier. It is with this object, namely, of emphasizing the connection betweell the operations of the blockading squadron and the preservation of peace on the Pathan border, that I have ventured on the publication of this book. Though it in no sense aims at bringing the history of the frontier up to date, yet so little has been written on this subject since the publication of Mr. Chirol's " Middle Eastern Question " and Mr. Angus Hamilton's cc Afghan- istan" (to both of which I am indebted as well for the interest I have felt in the subject as for the information therein contained) that I have thought it worth while to devote a chapter to a prdcis of the Zakka Khel and Mohmand Expeditions. But it is not only against the independent tribes that anxiety is felt. For a long while now the attitude of the Amir has given cause for anxious speculation as to the real motives that have actuated his policy. Authorities on the frontier would be puzzled to give a dogmatic answer to the question, " What is the true policy of the Amir ?" Many would say that he was bonestly anxious to fulfil his treaty obligations with the British, but that he was dcbarred from doing so in an open manner through fear of the loss of influence with his subjects which would result from the main- tenance of too close relations with the Govern - TNTRODUCTOIIY xiii Ii 1 e of the under- ment of India. A sinaller number would tell you ~t the ultimate that this ~vasmerely a pretext for n inore fa- t -e on the tran- seeing policy which aims at the complete inde- th this object, pei~deilceof tlie Afghan kingdom of both Great ~ctionbetween Britain and Russia. Many circumstances point to 1 squadron and the idea that the Amir is contemplating a coup Pathail border, of some sort in the near future. Not; least among ,I I Lication of this these is the feverish activity which characterizes ns at bringing the training of the Afghan army. At the review 4 date, yet so at Agra during his visit to India in January, 1907, bject since the the Ainir is said to have reviled his Sirdars for j I :iddle Eastern having led him to believe in the efficiency of his tl ;on's " Afghan- army as a fighting machine. Turkish officers are bted as well for now engaged in training the Afghan sepoys; ject as for the modern guns and ammunition are manufactured I have thought in Kabul; great attention is paid to the mobility to a pre'cis of of the force as a whole, and to the clothing editions. (especially boots) and comfort of the individual ependent tribes soldier. Armed with modern iifles, the Afghan I while now the army would no doubt prove a formidable fighting I Ise for anxious machine in war. But the danger lies in the fact I 1 ves that have that when the Amir takes it into his head that I )n the frontier he is in a position to throw off our control he will : answer to the probably make the attempt, and though we may of the Amir ?" be sure of the issue in the end, we shall not escape nestly arlxious a lengthy campaign and a vast expenditure of ;he British, but treasure, coupled with the anxiety of seditious so in an open risings in India at any moment. influence with The account of the operations of the Mekran on3 the main- Field Force may have a certain interest, seeing that 1 the Govern- this cdrner of the Persian domillions has beell so INTItODUCTORY rarely visited by Europeans. But the narrative must necessarily be rather bare of incident, for the cogent reason that ('a inan armed" is not so likely to be admitted illto the family circle of those against whom he is marching, or to see '(the little savages at play," as a traveller of more peaceable intentions. On the march to Bint hardly a soul was seen, and what few villages we passed were deserted. It was the same story in Biyaban, though here we had the good-fortune to fall in with the gun-runners, my account of which I liope will compare with the account they gave of themselves. I am indebted to the Times for permission to make use of articles of mine contributed from the scene of the operations, as well as for the one con- tained in the second half of the chapter on the Autumn Crisis on the Frontier. Much of the subject-matter has been rearranged to suit the lapse of time which has occurred. I am also indebted to tl~eproprietors of the Or~lookerfor peri~issionto reproduce photographs of the expedi- tion, taken by myself, which appeared in that paper. ARNOLD KEPPEL. QUIDENDHAM,NORFOLK. October 7, 191 1. But the narrative *e of incident, for armed " is not so mily circle of those c to see " the little of more peaceable 3int hardly a soul s we passed were GUN-RUNNING AND THE ;tory in Biyaban, INDIAN NORTH-WEST FRONTIER ~d-fortune to fall count of which I ount they gave of CHAPTER I PESHAWAR AND THE KHAIBAR PASS for permission to ~tributedfrom the when the spring-time flushes the desert grass, ,s for the one con- Our Kafilas wind through the Khyber Pass.
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