Man of His Time LONGYEAR MARK BAKER WAS NO FARMER Lake Winnipiseogee (Winnipesaukee) at heart. Although a son of the land, encouraged him to strike at Pigwacket, -, F 0 UN DATI 0 N he was also heir of a long line of an- headquarters of the Indians on the '-' cestors who had left imprints on their Frontier. Lovewell's men were greatly Quarterly News environments. His English ancestors outnumbered, and despite heavy losses were among the sturdy yeomen of Kent inflicted on the Indians, many of the AUTUMN, 1966 during the stirring activities of the company were killed, including the in- fifteenth and sixteenth centuries which trepid Lovewell himself. Although a wrested a measure of civil and religious defeat, the battle broke the power of freedom from the autocratic hands of the Indians and destroyed their com- Fragment King and Church. mander, Paugus, who had not only I see something of God each hour of Some became Protestants and about incited the Indians to raid the settlers, the twenty-four, and each moment 1640 Thomas Baker, who had been baptized in Elmstead but later lived in then, Ashford, County Kent, came to Massa­ In the faces of men and women I see chusetts after his excommunication by God, and in my own face in the the Diocese of Canterbury for non­ glass, conformity to Church requirements. He I find letters from God dropt in the had started life in Kent with a patri­ street, and everyone signed by God's mony of about eighty-five pounds and as a miller he doubtless increased this name, by the time he started for America. He And I leave them where they are, for I settled at Roxbury, not far from his know that wheresoe'er I go, brother Richard and his nephew John, Others will punctually come for ever who had preceded him by some three and ever. years. By 1652 he was operating his WALT WHITMAN own tide-mill in the Roxbury area From "Song ofo-M-yself," 1-&5 ---Where-foh~thalha- hundr€4 y~an; prior to the American revolution the Baker family were respected freemen Exhibitions and had acquired considerable land Gallery 2: A CONCISE SURVEY of from the government of Massachusetts M ARK BAKER (1785-1865) important steps in the growth of the in recognition of military service and Father of Mary Baker Eddy Christian Science movement; copies by purchase. of the original edition of Science and When Captain Joseph Baker, a third but had himself been spurred into Health and its six main reprintings, generation descendant of Thomas, mar­ action by the French, who coveted the together with the first editio~ of the ried Hannah Lovewell in 1739, he left rich New England area. Church Manual; portraits illustrating his comfortable home in Roxbury, and In recognition of their bravery, several departments of the church the young couple journeyed seventy-five Captain Lovewell and the men who organization. miles north into the wilderness of Sun­ served with him, were awarded grants Rotunda: PHOTOGRAPHS of in­ cook, now Pembroke, New Hampshire. by both the governments of Massachu­ formal views of the daily life at Hannah Lovewell had inherited land setts and New Hampshire in the Sun­ Chestnut Hill in Mrs. Eddy's time. awarded posthumously in 1727 to her cook area, a part of which was later Ground Floor Area: PORTRAITS OF father, Captain John Lovewell, the known as Pembroke and Bow. Hannah EARLY WORKERS, among them distinguished Indian ranger. Captain Lovewell received one-third of the a number of Mrs. Eddy's earliest John Lovewell had lost his life at Pig­ grant made to her father and Captain students; a sitting room where may wacket, now Fryeburg, Maine, while in Joseph Baker acquired additional land be seen the earliest known oil por­ command of a small company orga­ from her two brothers and co-heirs, trait of Mary Baker Eddy painted by nized with the permission of the Mas­ who lived in Dunstable. Eventually Edward P. Billings. sachusetts general assembly to fight the Captain Joseph and his wife owned the Indians. For many years various tribes entire grant which lay in Pembroke and Quaterly News, Autumn, 1966, Vol. 3, No. 3 of Indians had made frequent and Bow. Their eldest son, Joseph, married © Longyear. Foundation destructive raids on the settlements of Maryann McNeil Moore in 1762. They Sub>cription, $3.00 Annually. New England. Captain Lovewell's first settled in Bow on about 500 acres of Sent without charge to Friend> of Longyear Foundation. successes along the northern reaches of the Lovewell grant. Maryann Moore

August 2015: Minor edits have been made to this newsletter to reflect new information that has come to light since the original publication. (or Moor) was the daughter of Cap­ George Sullivan, of wool specialist and tain William Moore and Mary McNeil, businessman, and Albert, of attorney. whose parents were John McNeil and Mark decided in 1835, after his his wife, Christian Kenney McNeil. In mother's passing, that it was time to the mid-seventeenth century, John's take a smaller farm in another com­ grandfather along with other members munity where the family would have of the clan McNeil had crossed from better educational advantages and a their native Scotland to northern Ire­ more interesting life. He moved to land and settled there. John and his Sanbornton Bridge in 1836. His son wife emigrated from Ireland to Amer­ Albert wrote his brother George ica in 1718. Sullivan on August 23, 1836: "Indeed Mark Baker, youngest son of Joseph I see no reason why he (Father) may and Maryann Baker, was born in 1785 not be satisfied. He lives in the neigh­ on the homestead familiar now to so borhood of two sanctuaries - a matter many as the birthplace of Mark's of great moment - two academies, a youngest daughter, Mary Baker Eddy. very pleasant village, society agreeable, The house had been built by Joseph, etc. etc."

who also brought the land under culti­ MARK BAKER's DESK In his home life he was a strict vation. Mark lived with his father and Exhibited at Longyear Foundatio11 father whose theological sternness was mother and brought up his young fam­ to a degree neutralized by the gentle ily in the old Baker house. From his overlapped because the grants to Pem­ mother, Abigail. She was the daughter earliest days Mark Baker was in close broke were made by the government of of the much loved Deacon Nathaniel touch with community matters in which Massachusetts and those to Bow by the Ambrose of Pembroke whose forebears his father and grandfather participated. government of New Hampshire. had lived from the thirteenth century Both Joseph and his father, Captain As he grew to manhood Mark Baker in the Parish of Kersey, County Suffolk, Joseph, were active in their local came naturally to a position of respon­ until the great Puritan exodus from churches, Captain Joseph at Pembroke sibility in his community. For many that part of England during the first and Joseph at Bow. Both served as years he was agent for the poor and half of the seventeenth century (1630- selectmen in their communities and was Coroner for Rockingham County, 1645). One Henry Ambrose was bap­ both wete collectors orprovmciaf rev­ whrch then mcluded Bow. He served tized on June 2 I , 15 84 m St. Mary's enues. During the Revolutionary War, on the school board, was moderator of Church in Kersey. He was a yeoman, Captain Joseph, then beyond the years town meetings, and Clerk of his church. a substantial citizen with a family of of active service, was elected a member Repeatedly he acted as official agent five. A son Henry was baptized on of the Committee of Safety for Pem­ for Bow and helped settle the annual June 12, 1613 and became a carpenter. broke. His son Joseph was one of business of the town. Later, in San­ When his pastor Timothy Dalton of forty-eight men of Bow who volun­ bornton, he became Justice of the Woolverstone, near Ipswich, was sus­ teered to serve in the Revolutionary Peace for Belknap County. pended for non-conformity, Dalton War, but he seems not to have been None of his children wished to make joined the Puritan movement and came called. farming a life work and one after to America, bringing many of his fol­ Captain Joseph surveyed the land another of his sons chose other oc­ lowers among whom was Henry Am­ grants of Pembroke and Bow, which cupations - Samuel, that of mason, brose. They founded the town of Hampton, New Hampshire where Henry became a proprietor, building MARY BAKER EDDY'S FOREBEARS houses in New Hampshire and later in

THOMAS BAKER (1607- 1683) m. 1639 ELIZABETH BEWLEY (Came to America ca. 1640) Massachusetts. Six generations later, in ~~------~ JOHN BAKER (1645- 1732) m. 1670 MARY--- direct line of descent, came Abigail Ambrose, who became the wife of THOMAS~~------~ BAKER (1676-1761) m. 1702 SARAH PIKE (1676 -1720) ~~------~ Mark Baker, and mother of Mary CAPTrAIN JOSEPH BAKER (1713/14-1797) m. 1739 HANNA~~o:O:,.::EL~ ~ :21 ~::~K=oy Baker Eddy.

1 (Came toArnc:rica1 1 in 1718) 1 Abigail's spirituality and understand­ 1 U . W11liam Moore m. Mary McNeil• 1 ing often comforted her children when ~ they came in conflict with Mark JOSrEPH BAKER (1740-1816) m. 1762 MAi::~;.;~;;~~~::~;~~~;:PYI Baker's strong Trinitarian Congrega­ l MARK BAKER (1785- 1865) m. 1807 ABIGAIL AMBROSE (1784-1849) tional convictions of a final Judgment (Sixth Baker generation in America) ~ Day, the dangers of endless punish­ ----MARY BAKER EDDY~ (Seventh generation in America) ment, and a Jehovah merciless toward unbelievers.

August 2015: Minor edits have been made to this newsletter to reflect new information that has come to light since the original publication. Notes

THROUGH THE KINDNESS of a number of friends several gaps in the historical Collection of Longyear Foun­ dation have been closed. Photographs and brief notes about the important work of John Stewart and Isabella Macmillan Stewart in Toronto, Ontario have been received. Both were students of Mrs. Eddy. Notes and photographs of Almeda Pendleton and her husband Charles Pendleton of Oconto have also been presented. Mrs. Pendleton was in

OBJECTS USED BY MARK BAKER the classes with Laura and Victoria Spectacles, sand shaker for blotting, account book, oil lamp, and bull's eye watch. Sargent when studying with Mrs. Eddy. Later she practiced in Everett, The conflicts with his children were following year Mark Baker married Washington. all the more poignant because of the Elizabeth Patterson Duncan of Lon- warrn affection that existed between donderry, who did much to make his THIRTY-NINE SCHOOL GIRL Mark Baker and his children. It was a later years comfortable. He passed on LETTERS addressed to Augusta closely knit family. His political views in 1865. Holmes of Sanbornton, New Hamp- were disturbing, too, holding as he did This man, of fearless independence, shire, a friend of Mary Morse Baker, an undeviating belief in states rights iron will, and stern morality brought have recently come to Longyear Foun­ and the undeniable right of states to both sorrow and strength to his daugh- dation. A study of these letters and settle individually the slavery question. ter Mary, who was later to stand equally others already in the Longyear Collec- But the warmth of his nature and his fearless in defense of the Truth she tion reveal conclusively that Mary generosity rose above such prejudi~c~e_s -----"~cLdiscnvered for the_world_ During -Baker....did...not....atte.nd-l!Jymoutht...A,c.a(I---­ an e was loved and honored by IS her forty-five years of preparation, one emy in the 1830's, nor did she write peers in his community. by one the bonds of time and tradition several letters dating from that period After moving to Sanbornton Bridge, dissolved, freeing her for her mission which have hitherto been assigned to Mark Baker's financial affairs greatly of establishing Christian Science as the her by some biographers. improved through investments in rail- true way of life for all mankind. road shares. By the late 1840's he AN UNUSUAL CROSS AND found himself able to build a town CROWN pin worn by Mrs. Anna E. house and to retire from farm life. His NOTE: Since writing this article Robert Tucker, a pioneer worker in Wichita, lifelong interest in education led to his Peel's "Mary Baker Eddy, the Years Kansas, has been added to the jewelry appointment as a Trustee of Sanborn­ of Discovery" has been published bring­ collection. ton Academy, a position he held when ing to the field an authoritative and his daughter Mary attended that insti­ sympathetic record of these days. For TO THE DONORS of early copies of tution in 1842. In 1849 the entire a fuller account of this "Man of His Mrs. Eddy's writings and many issues family was saddened by the passing of Time" we commend to our readers Mr. of The Christian Science Journal and Abigail, the beloved mother, but the Peel's excellent pages on Mark Baker. the Christian Science Sentinel, Long­ year Foundation is most grateful. Annual Christmas Musicale JUST A SUGGESTION: Why not FRIENDS OF LONGYEAR FOUN­ several numbers including a suite of send an introductory subscription to DATION are cordially invited to at­ Christmas songs by Peter Cornelius. the Quarterly News as a gift to a tend the third annual program of John A. Marshall, violinist, and Miss friend, an excellent way to become music for the Christmas season to be Joyce E. Humphrey, cellist, will assist acquainted with Longyear Foundation. Miss Litchfield and Mrs. Babcock. Subscription, $3 per year. Membership presented in the Music Room at Long­ Music appropriate to Mrs. Eddy's time in the Friends of Longyear Foundation, year Foundation on Saturday afternoon, will be included. At the close of the $10 per year. A gift-announcement will December 17, at two o'clock. Miss program, there will be a social hour be forwarded on request. Longyear Gertrude Litchfield will play the organ with refreshments served in the Foundation, 120 Seaver Street, Brook­ and Mrs. Adele Babcock will sing solarium. line, Massachusetts 02146.

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LONGYEAR FOUNDATION: Board of Trustees: Mrs. Marian H. Holbrook, Robert Hall Collins, Don S. Greer. Administrative Assistant, Mrs. Charlis F. Vogel; Director of Research, Mrs. Anne Holliday Webb. QUARTERLY NEWS ) is published four times annually, in the Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter, at the headquarters of Longyear Foundation, 120 Seaver Street, Brookline, Massachusetts 02146. Inquiries about memberships, subscriptions, and its ser­ vices are welcomed. August 2015: Minor edits have been made to this newsletter to reflect new Printed in the United States of America information that has come to light since the original publication.