Udc 930(477)(092):94(477:438) Doi: 10.24919/2312-2595.1/43.184280 Юліан Тарнович Як Дослідник Польс
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Yuliian Tarnovych as a researcher… 213 UDC 930(477)(092):94(477:438) DOI: 10.24919/2312-2595.1/43.184280 Володимир НАКОНЕЧНИЙ кандидат історичних наук, доцент кафедри міжнародних відносин, Київський національний університет культури і мистецтв, 36, вул. Є. Коновальця, м. Київ, Україна, індекс 01601 (nakonechniy.ua@ gmail.com) ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0386-2162 ResearcherID: https://publons.com/researcher/3097015/volodymyr-nakonechnyj/ Бібліографічний опис статті: Nakonechnyi, V. (2019). Yuliian Tarnovych as a researcher of Polish-Ukrainian relationships. Проблеми гуманітарних наук: збірник наукових праць Дрогобицького державного педагогічного університету імені Івана Франка. Серія Історія, 1/43, 213–228. doi: 10.24919/2312-2595.1/43.184280. ЮЛІАН ТАРНОВИЧ ЯК ДОСЛІДНИК ПОЛЬСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ВЗАЄМИН Анотація. Мета дослідження полягає в реконструкції польсько-українського дискурсу редакторської та публіцистич- ної праці Юліана Тарновича. В основі методології дослідження лежить міждисциплінарний підхід. Провідну роль відіграв біо- графічний метод, сфокусований на реконструкції подій минуло- го крізь призму життєписів його творців. Також важливими для дослідження були загальнонаукові (насамперед історичний, ло- гічний, аналізу та синтезу) і спеціально-історичні (порівняль- ний, генетичний, типологічний та ін.) методи. Наукова новизна статті полягає у спробі комплексного аналізу польсько-україн- ської проблематики в громадсько-політичній публіцистиці Юліана Тарновича. Висновки. Проведене дослідження засвідчило насиче- ність творчої спадщини Ю. Тарновича проблематикою польсько- українських відносин. При цьому впадає у вічі, що видатний пуб- ліцист висвітлює цю складну тему не з вузького національного становища, а з позиції загальнолюдських цінностей. На бага- тьох прикладах він показав, що ігнорування сильнішим звичай- них людських прав слабшого, у віддаленій перспективі руйнує йо- го самого, адже варварство стосовно ближнього породжує ISSN 2312-2595 (Print) ISSN 2664-3715 (Online) 214 Volodymyr Nakonechnyi енергію самознищення. Відтворюючи трагедію лемків в 1930– 40-х рр., дослідник не приховує і вчинків польських друзів україн- ського народу, що ціною власного життя рятували сусідів від жаху новітнього геноциду. І хоча такі свідчення були поодино- кими, та саме вони, слушно переконує Ю. Тарнович, дають на- дію на польсько-український консенсус ціною відновлення історич- ної справедливості та вшанування пам’яті безневинних жертв. Ключові слова: Юліан Тарнович; лемки; публіцистика; Дру- га Річ Посполита; польсько-українські взаємини. Volodymyr NAKONECHNYI Candidate of Historical Sciences, Assistant Professor of the Department of International Relationships, Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, 36 Konovaltsia Str., Kyiv, Ukraine, postal code 01601 ([email protected]) ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0386-2162 ResearcherID: https://publons.com/researcher/3097015/volodymyr-nakonechnyj/ To cite this article: Nakonechnyi, V. (2019). Yuliian Tarnovych as a researcher of Polish-Ukrainian relationships. Problemy humanitarnykh nauk: zbirnyk naukovykh prats Drohobytskoho derzhavnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu imeni Ivana Franka. Seriia Istoriia – Problems of Humanities. History Series: a collection of scientific articles of the Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, 1/43, 213–228. doi: 10.24919/2312-2595. 1/43.184280. YULIIAN TARNOVYCH AS A RESEARCHER OF POLISH-UKRAINIAN RELATIONSHIPS Summary. The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the Polish- Ukrainian discourse of editorial and journalistic works of Yuliian Tarnovych. The methodology of the study is based on the interdiscip- linary approach. The biographical method is a leading one, as it helped to focus on reconstruction of the events of the past through the prism of the biographies of its creators. Such methods as general scientific (first of all, historical, logical, analysis and synthesis methods), special historical (comparative, genetic, typological, etc.) were also applied as well. The scientific novelty of the article is the attempt to compre- hensively analyse Polish-Ukrainian issues in the social-political jour- nalism of Yuliian Tarnovych. Conclusions. The study showed the richness of Yu. Tarnovych’s creative heritage that covered the problems Проблеми гуманітарних наук. Серія Історія. Випуск 1/43 (2019) Yuliian Tarnovych as a researcher… 215 of Polish-Ukrainian relations. At the same time, it is obvious that a prominent publicist covers this difficult topic not only from a narrow national position, but from the standpoint of universal values. He showed that if the stronger ignores the human rights of the weaker, in the long run, it destroys the former, because barbarity towards one’s neighbour produces the energy of self-destruction. Recreating the tragedy of the Lemkos in the 1930s and 1940s, the researcher does not hide the actions of some Polish friends of the Ukrainian people, who saved their neighbours from the horror of the newest genocide at the cost of their lives. Even though such testimonies were not numerous, they are the ones, as Yu. Tarnovych claimed, that give hope for the Polish-Ukrainian consensus, restoration of historical justice and honouring the memory of innocent victims. Keywords: Yuliian Tarnovych; Lemkos; journalism; Second Commonwealth; Polish-Ukrainian Relations. The statement of the problem. Among the leaders of the Lemko movement of the twentieth century, Yuliian Tarnovych holds a special place. After all, many publications (for example, the news- papers «Our Lemko» («Nash Lemko»), «Ukrainian Word», «Lem- kivschyna», «Ukrainian Worker», («Lemko news») «Lemkivski Visti», etc.) and organizational projects (for example, the Lemkos Commi- ssion at «Prosvita») are associated with his name. These projects aimed at modernizing all aspects of life of the Ruthenian community and establishing close connections with Ukrainian cultural world. At the same time, a special place in the multifaceted creative heritage of Yu. Tarnovych belonged to the issue of the problem of Polish- Ukrainian relations, which was the most urgent for the inhabitants of his small Motherland. After all, Lemkos, like no other Ukrainian ethnic group, being historically settled among the Polish population, felt all the tragedy of the effects of a conflict between historical neighbours. As a direct witness and in some places an active participant in this conflict for many decades, Yu. Tarnovych turned to the analysis of its origins, the course and consequences, and during the post-war period he became the most authoritative expert on the problems of Polish- Ukrainian antagonism in Zakerzonia. Analysis of previous research. Nevertheless, Yu. Tarnovych’s creative heritage is still not thoroughly researched. Nowadays, there are only a few brief biographical essays (Savka, 1999, pp. 327–330) ISSN 2312-2595 (Print) ISSN 2664-3715 (Online) 216 Volodymyr Nakonechnyi and references to his activities in Lemkos studies (Nakonechnyi, 2017, pp. 129–137) or general literature. This obviously does not corres- pond to the magnitude of Yuliian Beskid’s contribution to the study of the history and culture of his native land. The purpose of the article is in the reconstruction of Polish- Ukrainian discourse of editorial and journalist works of Yuliian Tarno- vych. The statement of the main material. As Yu. Tarnovych became the chief editor of the first Lemko magazine of pro-Ukrainian sentiment «Nash Lemko» (issued in the second half of 1930s), he comprehensively approached the problem of Polish-Ukrainian rela- tionship. Yu. Tarnovych joined the work on newspaper being inspired by a well-known publisher, Ivan Tyktor, who, according to Yuliian Beskid himself, was «the first to dare, amidst the thoroughly hostile Polish police regime – to publish the first in the history of Lemkiv- schyna Ukrainian national magazine «Nash Lemko», and later to help the editor of that magazine Yuliian Beskid to publish the Library of the Lemko Region in difficult circumstances (Yuliian Beskid, 1954, p. 51). Reflecting on the urgent need for an independent printing for the Highlanders, he noted: «The awakened from sleep Lemkivshchyna lacked a healthy national «feed». For the people of Lemkivshchyna this feed was the newspaper «Nash Lemko» (Yuliian Beskid, 1954, p. 51). The responsible decision to head the people’s newspaper came from Yu. Tarnovych’s understanding of the importance of periodicals in native tongue for the national progress: «The measure of people’s cultural development is its press. The press is a mirror of the soul of the people, their cultural heritage, moral and material richness, social and economic income» (Yuliian Beskid, 1954, p. 8). Due to the edi- torial policy of Yu. Tarnovych, the columns of the newspaper now can tell us about many years of violence that has been planned and consistently implemented by numerous representatives of the Polish administration to supress the national consciousness of the Lemkos. In spite of the constant confiscation of individual articles, or even whole issues of the newspaper, the newspaper he edited desperately fought Проблеми гуманітарних наук. Серія Історія. Випуск 1/43 (2019) Yuliian Tarnovych as a researcher… 217 for the right of the Lemkos to be Ukrainian, informing their readers about the forms and methods of «de-nationalizing» of the most western ethnic group of our people. Yu. Tarnovych himself became the most active contributor to his newspaper, writing on various topics that were united by the prob- lem of the national