POJEDNANIE PRZEZ TRUDNĄ PAMIĘĆ. WOŁYŃ 1943 Jest Jednym Z Rezultatów Projektu O Tej Samej Nazwie, Będącego Polsko-Ukraińskim Działaniem Zapoczątkowanym W 2012 R

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POJEDNANIE PRZEZ TRUDNĄ PAMIĘĆ. WOŁYŃ 1943 Jest Jednym Z Rezultatów Projektu O Tej Samej Nazwie, Będącego Polsko-Ukraińskim Działaniem Zapoczątkowanym W 2012 R Książka POJEDNANIE PRZEZ TRUDNĄ PAMIĘĆ. WOŁYŃ 1943 jest jednym z rezultatów projektu o tej samej nazwie, będącego polsko-ukraińskim działaniem zapoczątkowanym w 2012 r. Polsko-ukraińska grupa re- searcherów zbierała relacje ustne na Wołyniu, poszukując postaw ludzi szlachetnych i sprawiedliwych, szczególnie wśród Ukraińców ratujących Polaków w okresie czystek etnicznych prowadzonych przez OUN i UPA w latach 1943–1945 na Wołyniu i w Galicji oraz wśród Polaków pomagających Ukra- ińcom w czasie akcji odwetowych i wysiedleńczych. Potrzeba projektu wyrosła z wielokrot- nych rozmów o polsko-ukraińskich stosunkach oraz upamiętnieniu zbliżającej się 70. rocz- nicy wydarzeń na Wołyniu. Ze względu na wagę, jak i złożoność tematu, problematyka trudnej historii i pamięci może być interesująca dla wielu specjalistów, stąd też próba kompleksowego spojrzenia na omawiane kwestie. W książce znajdziemy: ▲ artykuły i wypowiedzi historyków, animatorów kultury, dziennikarzy, pisarzy ▲ relacje ustne Polaków i Ukraińców ▲ materiały edukacyjne Historii Europy nie da się nigdy napisać bez zadawania niewy- Pojednanie godnych pytań innym, ale przede wszystkim sobie. Nale- ży być przy tym otwartym na ewentualność, że własne przez trudną odpowiedzi nie zawsze mogą być jedyne i właściwe. Dążenie do tego, aby Polacy zrozumieli Ukraińców i Ukraińcy zrozumieli Polaków jest dobrym ce- pamięć. lem, ale ważniejszą kwestią jest poznawanie drugiego człowieka, którego pamięć i hi- Wołyń 1943 storia nie dadzą się sprowadzić do ogól- nej wiedzy na temat tego, co wydaje Поєднання через важку пам’ять. się, że wiemy o swoim narodzie Волинь 1943 / Reconciliation oraz o innych narodach. through Difficult Remembrance. Timothy Snyder Volhynia 1943 Odradzam lekturę tej książki tym, którzy poszukują potwierdzania niewinności własnej grupy etnicznej i poszukują dowodów winy „obcych”. W ponurym cieniu polsko-ukraińskiej przeszłości łatwiej dostrzec „drzazgę w cudzym oku niż belkę we własnym”. Polscy autorzy publikowanych tu esejów zajmują się głównie polskimi grzechami, ukraińscy zaś – ukraińskimi „trupami w szafie”. Rezygnacja z oskarżycielskiego tonu lub poszukiwania „symetrii win” doprowadziła do powstania wolnej od uprzedzeń przestrzeni dialogu opartej na dobrej woli. Przestrzeni niezbędnej do polsko-ukraińskiego pojednania. Polecam tę książkę wszystkim miłośnikom historii mówionej zainteresowanym poznaniem indywidualnych perspektyw Polaków i Ukraińców. Obraz wojny wyłaniający się ze wspomnień mieszkańców Wołynia stoi często- kroć w sprzeczności z narodowymi mitami obu narodów Rafał Wnuk Pomysł, wybór, redakcja Aleksandra Zińczuk korekta Monika Śliwińska Grafika, skład Florentyna Nastaj wydawca Stowarzyszenie „Panorama Kultur” isbN 978-83-922720-5-2 Publikacja powstała w ramach projektu „Pojednanie przez trudną pamięć. Wołyń 1943” współfinansowanego przez Ministra Spraw Zagranicznych RP w ramach programów „Współpraca w dziedzinie dyplomacji publicznej 2012” oraz „Wsparcie Demokracji”. Projekt dofinansowany w ramach programu „Patriotyzm Jutra”, prowadzonego przez Muzeum Historii Polski. Publikacja wyraża wyłącznie poglądy autora i nie może być utożsamiana z oficjalnym stanowiskiem Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych RP. Pojednanie przez trudną pamięć. wołyń 1943 Поєднання через важку пам’ять. Волинь 1943 reconciliation through difficult remembrance. Volhynia 1943 Pomysł, wybór, redakcja/iдея, вибір, редактор/idea, selection, edition aleksandra Zińczuk i iNtroductioN Aleksandra Zińczuk, Preface – Reconciliation through Difficult Remembrance. Volhynia 1943 311 Grzegorz Motyka, Leonid Zashkilniak, Dialogue of Historians. A critical review of one’s past as a stepping stone towards Europe 313 coNteNts ii coNtexts: History – memory – culture Paweł Smoleński, I Like to Think 322 Andrij Portnov, Ukrainian (Non)Rememberence of Volhynia 1943 326 Piotr Tyma, The Volhynian problem: the dilemmas of Ukrainians from Poland 328 Zbigniew Gluza, KARTA and “Volhynia” 334 Volodymyr Danyluk, Unlearning contentiousness 349 Ivan Olchowsky, They saved the innocent, putting their own life at stake 351 Robert Kuwałek, The Rescuers, the Rescued, the Denouncers, the Denounced. A Preliminary Study of Relations between Jews, Poles and Ukrainians under the German Occupation in Eastern Galicia 355 Józef Markiewicz, Oral history: towards Dialogue and Understanding 363 Gelinada Grinchenko, Oral history in Ukraine: personalities, priorities, perspectives 365 Tomasz Pietrasiewicz, Remembrance-Oriented Activities at the “Grodzka Gate – NN Theatre” Centre 368 Wojciech Pestka, The Fifth Commandment: Thou Shalt Not Kill! 371 Sasha Owerczuk, Difficult history, yet a one we share 374 Leon Popek, Reconciliation through Difficult Remembrance 376 iii testimoNies (selectioN) 378 iV educatioNal materials 385 V diary of tHe jourNey 389 Vi bioGraPHical Notes 391 eNGlisH VersioN i iNtroductioN Aleksandra Zińczuk Preface – Reconciliation through Difficult Remembrance. Volhynia 1943 Everywhere I went, I saw a profound purpose in being there. (Rev. Władysław Bukowiński – parish priest of the Lutsk Cathedral in 1939–1945, prisoner of Soviet labour camps; inscription from a commemorative plaque in the Lutsk Cathedral) The book Reconciliation through Difficult Remembrance. Volhynia 1943 is one of the results of the project under the same title, a Polish-Ukrainian project of cooperation initiated in 2012. The aim of the initiative is to present the difficult joint history of Poles and Ukrainians and the pain involved in reconciling with the past. This is made possible not least by the fact that examples of noble and fair conduct were to be found, especially among the Ukrainians who rescued Poles during the tragic events of 1943–1945 in Volhynia and Galicia, and Poles coming to the aid of Ukrainians at the time of reprisal and deportation actions. In the summer of 2012 a group of students from Poland and Ukraine decided to delve into the subject of Polish- -Ukrainian conflict and collected testimonies mainly among the inhabitants of Volhynia. The expedition lasted from 15th to 31st of July and covered the major towns of Volhynia: Lutsk, Rivne, Volodymyr Volynksyi, Novovolynsk, Shatsk. One group of twenty students visited over 50 towns and villages: Торчин (Torczyn), Новий Двір (Nowy Dwór), Хорохорин (Chorochoryn), Сирники (Syrniki), Костопіль (Kostopol), Мирне (Myrne), Залавя (Zalawia), Грицкі (Hrycki), Хринів (Hryniw), Крать (Krać), Ставки (Stawki) and Світязь (Świtaź), among others. The whole process of collecting the testimonies was set in motion at the workshop-conference seminar (the first seminar took place in May in Lublin, followed by one at the Lesya Ukrainka National Pedagogical University in Lutsk). Each day would start with planning out the excursions in Polish-Ukrainian subgroups. After a whole day of interviewing the participants would meet in the evening at an evaluation session. Particular issues and further tasks were discussed systematically, biographical cards for our respondents were drawn up, records organised. Every evening meeting would include a summing up and the writing down of the day’s events and personal reflections. In this way a polyphonic diary of the expedition was created (Diary of the journey). After two weeks of fieldwork 145 testimonies were recorded. Impressive as the numbers may be, one should bear in mind that the majority of these were witnesses of the events, fewer of them – eyewitnesses, and even fewer – of course – were the testimonies of those who took an active part in rescuing. The reason is obvious, but it has to be mentioned – many people have passed away, but second-hand testimonies are still around. It was possible to take this next step towards building a Polish-Ukrainian bridge of mutual understanding because when researching the difficult past we worked together with Ukrainians. A true lesson in humility for us were the encounters with people who had rescued Poles or Ukrainians and who, to this day, do not consider their’s an exceptional act of heroism, but just an ordinary gesture of help towards another person. There were also awkward moments. There were not too many of 311 them, but they did happen. For example, when recording in groups of mixed nationality, there were moments of discomfort – sometimes for the Ukrainians, sometimes for the Poles. Not only because of the stories of murders committed by their compatriots, but also from instances of ordinary unfriendliness or maybe fear of the other. Apart from these incidental events, there were numerous poignant moments, which made up for all inconveniences. The mixed groups of students were often taken for a tangible proof of reconciliation: here are young Poles and Ukrainians wandering from village to village asking about Polish-Ukrainian relations, life and death, friendship and betrayal, searching for those who had rescued others on both sides. It is worth underlining that the project “Reconciliation through Difficult Remembrance. Volhynia 1943” is the first documentary co-operation of this type, at the same time being one of great symbolical status, where two generations – moreover, both Polish and Ukrainian – have had a chance to meet. I believe this can serve as a great example for other institutions or people involved in the issues of memory and reconciliation. The project offers a possibility to understand human behaviour when facing war and evil, presenting the fine personalities and individuals who saved the lives of other people, irrespective of faith, origin and nationality. By showing positive examples of Ukrainians
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