Art and Society in Modern China--A Review Article Author(S): Ralph Croizier Review By: Ralph Croizier Source: the Journal of Asian Studies, Vol
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Review: Art and Society in Modern China--A Review Article Author(s): Ralph Croizier Review by: Ralph Croizier Source: The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 49, No. 3 (Aug., 1990), pp. 579-602 Published by: Association for Asian Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2057772 Accessed: 12-08-2016 21:03 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Association for Asian Studies, Cambridge University Press are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Asian Studies This content downloaded from 74.217.196.82 on Fri, 12 Aug 2016 21:03:08 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Figure 1. Wu Hufan, Mountain Peaks in Mist, 1956, guohua (MS 1956, 6:36). 579 This content downloaded from 74.217.196.82 on Fri, 12 Aug 2016 21:03:08 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Figure 2. He Kongde , 111 Suspension Bridge on th1e ._ Dagdu River, oil on canvas sa (collection of the artist). _ ...~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... :M. *~ ~ ~ ~ ~~Fgr 3. Wu Hufan ' 6 --..^..:... s<> :' ,,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.,L ..:...:,, $.; N | e ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..........:. ..''g.. ;.... ...:.... .:.BS...... .D.'. :........ t ; X _ '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. .......:'.. ' . _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: i " .. ...... .. __~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ; . ... .... _ _ , ................................~~~~~~~~~.. .... .... .... .. ' .i M ..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. .... .. ... .........' t.... ..' _ | '''S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ l.... .. ... AF i s 1..f...z...,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. ....... ... ... .. |- C '..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... .. ... X . .... .... ....... This content downloaded from 74.217.196.82 on Fri, 12 Aug 2016 21:03:08 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Figure 4. Wu Qizhong, Before the Meeting, 1974, guohua (Guowuyuan 1975:n.p.). Horses, 1940, guohua (Hua 3). .~~~~~~~~~~~ . *.. * :!A - 5815 This content downloaded from 74.217.196.82 on Fri, 12 Aug 2016 21:03:08 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Figure 7. (right) Qi Baishi, Shrimp, for Ai Qing, 1949, guohua (CP, 1953, 2:16). Figure 6. (below) Lu Yanshao, Teaching Mama to Read, 1956, guohua (MS 1956, 7: cover). s S U a E _ g $ S fr>'~~frr= 4a;RM~~~~~~~~~~ tj f V E _ - ERE4- *t- j ^ ^ r - r ; i;L=_R_582? Figure 8. (left) Pan Tianshou, , | Corner of Lingyan Gully, 19 5 5 guohua (MS 1956, 6:5), This content downloaded from 74.217.196.82 on Fri, 12 Aug 2016 21:03:08 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms I I t % I 0 low I i t FA JI I 4 % t 11 p Figure 9. Jiang Feng, Kill Those Who Demand Resistance, 193 1, woodblock print (Jiang 1983:v). Figure 10. Li Keran, Model Workers and Peasants Enjoy a Day's Outing in Beihai Park, 1951, new year's picture, 111 X 169 cm (CP 1952, 1:n.p.). _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ =: * Am~~~~~~~~~_L~~#A 4, A 583 This content downloaded from 74.217.196.82 on Fri, 12 Aug 2016 21:03:08 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Figure 11. Li Keran, West Lake, Hangzhou (Santan yinyue), guohua, 111 X 169 cm (MS 1954, 10:26). 3 l _ _A_~~~58 'mi f,., Figure 12. Fang Zengxian, Every Grain is Hard Work, 1933, guohua (CL Figure 13. Xie Zhiliu, Gibbon, 19.7-7 10)i 15 guoha. (MS 1936, 62). This content downloaded from 74.217.196.82 on Fri, 12 Aug 2016 21:03:08 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms C01 -4 c~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~- A ~~oo~~ M0 i cI04 ~~~~00S g* CZ 0 '-4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~ oo~4 - ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~Z v 0~~~ ..... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ..... .. ...... E . * ... .. .. .-;. - ...,1 .... ... ... * *,.... .; ,S...... .0 .... ....!ri ..; .. :.. .. .... .... .... .. ^I ...... ;....... ... ........ ... .... .. ::.._ ... : : . .. ....... r/m/m/alwov~~ ~~~~~.......... .......... .......... S .............. .. ..... ...... ... ....,. ..:: ............... *.;...... ..... .............. ... .. _...... ... ............ ... ... ... ... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.....*:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ........ .... , .. .. .::..... :. ...... ..... ....... * '' ts ' ' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. .> ;..? @-''. .. ..: *....' .'M'''?..'. '....'. ....~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... 585 gij4''''.l/'jil ,;............. This content downloaded from 74.217.196.82 on Fri, 12 Aug 2016 21:03:08 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Figure A. Kang Youwei, Calligraphy, reproduced in Robert Ellsworth, Later Chinese Painting, vol. 3, | | I ' :'. ::;:..;..x p. 149 Figure B (below). Hu Yiquan, Ox and Plough, 1943, color woodcut, reproduced in Li Shusheng, Zhongguo meishu tongshi: ]inxiandai meishu (A General History of Chinese Art: Modern and Contemporary Art), 1988, vol. 10, plate 17. l l * _~ ~ ~~~~~8 Illusterations on this pagep are from books dliscuss.ed in hthe following article by Ralph Croizier. This content downloaded from 74.217.196.82 on Fri, 12 Aug 2016 21:03:08 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Art and Society in Modern China- A Review Article RALPH CROIZIER U NTIL RECENTLY, modern Chinese art attracted little scholarly attention, either in China or in the West. Western art historians might occasionally glance at the more traditional kinds of painting in the twentieth century, but their serious pub- lications were on the great periods of Chinese art, Ming or before. The contemporary China-watchers-social scientists and modern period historians-trained their gaze on the harder stuff of politics and economics, ideology and organization. In the United States and the West in general, art seemed to slip through the crack between ACLS- and SSRC-funded research projects. In China, anything on the twentieth century, even art, was too sensitive politically for safe handling. The result was that throughout the Maoist years modern Chinese art could occasionally pique the in- terest of collectors or dealers outside China or draw carefully calculated praise from critics and publicists within, but it was not a promising area for critical scholarship. Michael Sullivan's pioneering survey, Chinese Art in the Twentieth Century, London and Berkeley, 1959-strong on developments in the later Guomindang period when Ralph Croizier is Professor of History at the University of Victoria. COHEN, JOAN LEBOLD. The New Chinese Painting, 1949-1986. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1987, 167 pp. ($19.95 soft cover) ELLSWORTH, ROBERT. Later Chinese Painting and Calligraphy, 1800-1950. New York: Random House, 1986, 3 vols. ($850) KAO MAYCHING, ed. Twentieth-Century Chinese Painting. Hong Kong: Oxford Uni- versity Press, 1988, 258 pp. ($60) LAING, ELLEN JOHNSTON. The Winking Owl: Art in the People's Republic of China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988, 188 pp. ($45) Li SHusHENG,chief ed. Zhongguo meishu tongshi: jinxiandai meishu [A General His- tory of Chinese Art: Modern and Contemporary Art] Ji'nan: Shandong jiaoyu chubanshe, 1988, vol. 10, 436 pp. (29.60 yuan) STRASSBERG, RICHARD E. Beyond the Open Door: Contemporary Paintings from the People's Republic of China. Pasadena, Calif.: Pacific Art Museum, 1987, 73 pp. ($16.95 soft cover) ZHANG SHAOXIA and Li XIAOSHAN. Zhongguo xiandai huihuashi [A History of Contemporary Chinese Paintings]. Nanjing: Jiangsu meishu chubanshe, 1986, 364 pp. (5.90 yuan). The Journal of Asian Studies 49, no. 3 (August 1990):586-602. C) 1990 by the Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 587 This content downloaded from 74.217.196.82 on Fri, 12 Aug 2016 21:03:08 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 588 RALPH CROIZIER he was in China, but understandably rather out of touch with the main currents in the People's Republic remained for almost thirty years the sole monument in a neglected field. In the 1980s, the situation began to change. The reasons are both peculiar to the art field itself and more generally part of China's remarkable internal and ex- ternal changes in the post-Mao period. To mention the more general factors first, liberalization within China made possible a sudden upsurge of artistic activity with an accompanying new vitality in art criticism and history. Simultaneously, the opening to the West brought in new stimuli at every level, changing the way Chinese look at art and art history. As for Western scholars, the open door and liberalization have permitted access to hitherto unavailable materials both from before and after 1949. This has been especially crucial for research on modern art history, where most of the primary sources (art works, artists, and criticism) remained within China. It might be pos- sible to study Song or Yuan painting from museum collections in Kansas City or Taibei, and modern Chinese fiction could be read abroad, but to see and understand most of twentieth-century Chinese art you had to get to China. By the eighties, Westerners finally could do that, just as Chinese artists and art historians were themselves entering previously "forbidden zones." Under these new circumstances, modern Chinese art has started to emerge as an intellectually respectable and aesthetically rewarding field of study. A number of Chinese