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Felix Wankel - Mehr Als Ein Erfinderleben; Sutton Verlag Gmbh, Erfurt, 2011

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Felix Wankel - Mehr Als Ein Erfinderleben; Sutton Verlag Gmbh, Erfurt, 2011 StationenStationen inin WankelsWankels LebenLeben WankelWankel inin derder NS-ZeitNS-Zeit 19271927 -- 19451945 1927 Wankel trifft Keppler Keppler und Wankel Wankel lernte Keppler, der zunächst zurückhaltender, dann aber nachhaltig vom Potenzial Wankels über- (Aufnahme nach dem Krieg) zeugt war, über den Österreicher Leopold Plaichinger kennen. Plaichinger war Werkstoffchemiker bei BMW und gehörte seit den frühen 1920er Jahren zum Kern der Münchner NSDAP. Plaichinger wurde auf Wankel durch dessen Engagement in der militärischen Jugendausbildung aufmerksam. Keppler sollte später zu ei- nem der größten Förderer Wankels werden, deren Beziehung auch nach dem Kriege fortdauerte. Keppler sollte für Wankel zahllose Kontakte zur Industrie, vor, während und nach dem Krieg herstellen. Diese Kon- takte ermöglichten es, Entwicklungsaufträge zu gewinnen und sich einen Namen als Erfinder zu machen, Auch der spätere Kontakt zu NSU, die in einer Kooperation und schließlich in der Produktion der legendären Ro 80 mit Kreiskolbenmotor münden sollte, geht auf eine Initiative Kepplers zurück. 1927 Mit Wankels Firma PAKIH geht es weiter bergauf Der „Teufelskäfer“ wurde weiter entwickelt und mit einem selbst gebauten Getriebe ausgestattet. Die Auf- tragslage war zufriedenstellend. Auch die Entwicklung von Drehschiebersteuerungen wurde erfolgreich vo- rangetrieben. Erstes Patent Wankels für einen Kreiskolbenmotor 1927 Auf Drängen Plaichingers ließ sich Wankel seine Entwürfe für den Kreiskolbenmotor patentieren. Dies war im Jahre 1927 noch gescheitert; im Jahre 1929 hielt Wankel sein erstes Patent für einen Kreiskolbenmotor in Händen. 1931 Wankel wird Gauleiter der Hitlerjugend in Baden Wankel hatte das Amt kaum ein Jahr inne. Er entwarf in dieser Zeit ein innovatives Dokumentationssystem für die gut 500 Mitglieder. Bald darauf stritt er sich mit dem badischen Gauleiter Robert Wanger um die Ausrichtung der Hitlerjugend. Wankel befürwortete eine technisch-mlitärische Jugendausbildung innerhalb der NSDAP, Wagner jedoch eine politische. Der Streit eskalierte und Wagner erkannte Wankel das Amt als badischer Gauleiter der Hitlerjugend bald darauf wieder ab. Umzug nach Lahr 1931 Seine Mutter konnte Wankels Zimmer nicht mehr zahlen, so dass er zu ihr nach Lahr zog. Dennoch arbeitete er weiterhin in der Heidelberger Werkstatt. 1932 Wankel wird aus der NSDAP ausgeschlossen Nachdem Wankel sich immer mehr mit dem Gauleiter Wagner überworfen und ihm schließlich öffentlich unterstellte, an fortgeschrittener Syphilis zu leiden, wurde er im Oktober 1932 aus der NSDAP ausgeschlos- sen. Wankel gründete danach mit Gleichesinnten die „Lahrer Notgemeinschaft“, eine örtliche Abspaltung der NSDAP. 1933 Wankel kommt mit seiner späteren Frau Emma Kirn zusammen 1933 Foto des Gefängnisses mit handschriftlichen Ergän- Wankel wird verhaftet zungen Wankels Nach der Machtergreifung der NSDAP lässt der Gauleiter Wagner Wankel verhaften. Polizisten dringen in das Haus seiner Mutter ein, schlagen Wankel zusammen und führten ihn in das Amtsgefängnis Lahr. 1933 Entwurf seiner ersten Drehkolbenmaschine DKM 32 im Gefängnis Der Lahrer Ingenieur Hans Erb, mit dem Wankel bei der Entwicklung der DKM 32 zusammenerarbeitete, informierte Bekannte im Reichsluftfahrtministerium über Wankels vielversprechende Arbeiten. Man verwies ihn an Hans Nibel, Chefkonstrukteur bei Daimler-Benz, der versprach, sich für Wankel einzusetzen. Eine erfolgreiche Freilassung konnte jedoch erst sein Bekannter Wilhelm Keppler erreichen. Dieser war Wirt- schaftsberater von Adolf Hitler geworden. Keppler überzeugte Hitler, Wankel freizulassen. Hitler sendete im September 1933 ein persönliches Telegramm an Gauleiter Wagner und forderte ihn auf, Wankel auf- grund seiner technischen Leistungen sofort freizulassen. 1934 Wankels Mutter stirbt an Krebs 1934 Wanklels erster großer Industrieauftrag Drehschiebersteuerungen von Wankel Wankel sollte Drehschiebersteuerungen für BMW-Flugzeugmotoren entwickeln. Wankel sammelt seine al- ten Weggefährten aus der Heidelberger Werkstatt um sich. Gemeinsam gründen sie einen neuen Betrieb in einem Nebengebäude des von der Mutter vererbten Hauses in Lahr. Bei der Erprobung von Dreh- und Walzschiebersteuerungen für BMW-Flugzeugmotoren und bei der Arbeit an Kolbenringen gewann Wankel neue Erkenntnisse. Verschiedene Patente folgten. Schierigkeiten hatte Wankel nur beim Rotationskolben- motor DKM 32. Der außenachsige Motor war nach einem anderen Prinzip als der später erfolgreiche DKM 54 konstruiert. Drei parallel liegende Achsen trugen rotierende Arbeits- und Steuerkolben. Letztendlich er- wies sich die Weiterentwicklung des DMK 32 aber als aussichtslos. 1934 Kooperation mit der Deutschen Versuchsanstalt für Flugzeugbau DVL Über eine Initiative seines Förderers Keppler erlangte Wankel die Aufmerksamkeit von zwei Ingenieuren des DVL. Durch seine Dichtungen konnten vom DVL entwickelte Drehschiebersteuerungen einsatzfähig gemacht werden. Dadurch wurden seitens des DVL große Hoffnungen in Wankel gesetzt und er erhielt reichliche Fördergelder. Ein Angebot für eine Anstellung beim DVL schlug er aus. Nach weiteren Verhand- lungen erhielt er einen Blankoscheck für die Errichtung eines eigenen Forschungsinstitutes an einem Ort seiner Wahl. Er ging nach Lindau. Wankel ging besonders wegen seiner Liebe zum Bootsbau nach Lindau. Er suchte nach einem Grundstück mit Seezugang, wollte aber nicht im Herrschaftsbereich des badischen Gauleiters bleiben. Daher zog es Wankel ins Bayerische. Wankel bezog Werkshallen in der Bregenzer Straße 152, welche die DVL für ihn pachteten. So entstanden die WVW, die Wankel-Versuchs-Werkstät- ten. Wieder begleiteten ihn seine Freunde Paul Kind, Albert Melasch, Edmund Holdmann und Arthur Kirn und dessen Schwester Emma, mit der Wankel zwischenzeitlich verlobt war. 1936 Wankel heiratet seine Frau Emma Nachdem seine Verhältnisse gesichert waren, baute er für sich und seine Frau ein Wohnhaus in der Bre- genzer Straße 82, in dem er bis zu seinem Tod 1988 wohnen blieb. Hauptarbeitsgebiet der WVW blieben zunächst die Drehschiebersteuerungen für Flugzeugmotoren. 1939 Prototyp für ein Schnellboot, „Zisch 39“, wird über den Bodensee geschleppt Zisch 42 vor der Silhouette Lindaus Der „Zisch 39“ war ein Versuchtsträger für Gleitflächenboote. Der Nachfolger „Zisch 42“ erweckte das Inte- resse von Waffen-SS und Marine. Der „Zisch 42“ wurde mit einem 23 PS-Motor ausgestattet und erreichte ca. 60 km/h. Später wurde mit positivem Ergebnis geprüft, ob der Zisch mit Torpedos ausgestattet werden konnte. Gedacht war er als schnelles und wendiges Boot in Ergänzung von Schnell- und Torpedobooten. 1940 Massenhafte Erprobung der Drehschiebersteuerung Stuka mit Wankel´schen Für die DVL/WVW-Drehschiebersteuerungen wurden mit Auto-Union, Hanomag und NSU Optionsverträge Drehschiebersteuerungen geschlossen, mit Daimler-Benz stand man in Verhandlungen. Forschungskooperationen mit verschiedenen Universitäten und Instituten folgten. Die Drehschiebersteuerungen für Flugzeugmotoren wurden auch von BMW und Daimler-Benz erprobt. Auch im „KdF“-Wagen wurden Drehschiebersteuerungen von Wankel ge- testet. Aus der Zeit zwischen 1936 und 1945 liegen knapp dreißig Patente vor. 1940 Aufnahme in die SS als SS-Obersturmbannführer Besondere Aktivitäten Wankels im Rahmen seiner SS-Mitgliedschaft sind nicht bekannt. Die SS zog im Jahre 1941 bei der NSDAP Erkundigungen ein, weshalb Wankel damals aus der Partei ausgeschlossen wurde. Das Ergebnis davon war, dass Wankel daraufhin am 23.04.1942 wieder aus der SS entlassen wur- de. 1941 Gründung der Wankel-Entwicklungs-Werke WEW Erweitwerung der Wankel´schen Werke WEW in Lindau, In Kooperation mit den “Reichswerken Hermann-Göring“ wurde zusätzlich zu den WVW die WEW gegrün- Sommer 1942 det. Ziel war es, größere Flugzeugmotoren direkt bei Wankel in Lindau zu testen. Die „Reichswerke“ brach- ten etwa 200.000 RM in die Firmengründung ein, Wankel seine Patente. Die Werkhallen wurden auf dem Grundstück Bregenzer Straße 116 errichtet. 1944 Förderung des Zisch-Bootes als Kleinkampfboot durch die SS Heinrich Himmler mit Offizieren von Wehrmacht und SS bei einer Be- Es begannen Verhandlungen mit Dornier, die Hallen der WEW, welche durch das Unternehmen 1944 be- sichtigung der Wankel´schen Werke 1944. Wankel ist auch auf dem setzt wurden, frei zu machen. Die Verhandlungen verzögerten das Projekt des Zisch-Bootes bis Kriegsen- Bild, wird aber verdeckt. de weiter. Als die Franzosen Lindau im April 1945 eroberten, waren erste torpedotragfähige Boote nur im Rohbau vorhanden. Erprobungen auf dem Meer hatten nicht mehr stattgefunden. 1945 Gefangennahme Wankels durch die Franzosen Wankel und seine Frau wurden in Vorarlberg, wohin sie sich in Sicherheit gebracht haben, gefangen- genommen. Daraufhin wurde er immer wieder tage- und wochenweise inhaftiert und verhört. In seinem Wohnhaus wurden französische Offiziere einquartiert. Die Ausstattung der WVW wurde vollsändig demon- tiert und nach Frankreich gebracht. Gleiches galt für seine Notizen und Tagebücher. Quelle: Marcus Popplow: Felix Wankel - Mehr als ein Erfinderleben; Sutton Verlag GmbH, Erfurt, 2011.
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