DOCSLIB.ORG

MIDDLE EAST and TURKEY

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MIDDLE EAST and TURKEY #2.12 PERSPECTIVES Political analysis and commentary from Turkey FEATURE ARTICLES: MIDDLE EAST and TURKEY DEMOCRACY INTerNATioNAL POLITicS ECOLOGY “What they care about is money” Shifting foreign policy dynamics in the Pesticides and food safety in the era Aksu Bora wake of the “Arab Spring” of global warming Page 49 Soli Özel Bülent Şık Page 58 Page 30 TURKEY REPRESENTATION Content Editor’s note 3 ■ Feature articles: Middle East and Turkey Turkey’s Middle Eastern Policy and the “New Geography”, Sedat Aybar 4 Does the Syrian crisis imply the end of the Turkish dream in the Middle East, Bayram Balcı 9 Beware of Hatay’s climate of peace, Nidal Özdemir 16 Syrians set sail for self-government, İlhan Tanır 20 Turkey’s policy on the Kurdish problem and regional developments, Sezgin Tanrıkulu 24 The impact of the crisis in Syria on the economy of Southeast Anatolia, Şah İsmail Bedirhanoğlu 28 ■ Ecology Pesticides and food safety in the era of global warming, Bülent Şık 30 Which is more dangerous: nuclear lies or radiation, Özgür Gürbüz 33 Climate change: Is a “U-turn” possible? Önder Algedik 37 ■ Democracy KCK cases and the judiciary mechanism, Fikret İlkiz 41 The new constitution, Rıza Mahmut Türmen 46 “What they care about is money”, Aksu Bora 49 How can I know why, Şanar Yurdatapan 53 Our revolt is written in the Taurus mountains, Pervin Savran 54 ■ Culture Art: Backyard of the government, Tayfun Serttaş 55 ■ International Politics Shifting foreign policy dynamics in the wake of the “Arab Spring”, Soli Özel 58 ■ News from Hbs 62 Heinrich Böll Stiftung – Turkey Representation The Heinrich Böll Stiftung, associated with the German Green Party, is a legally autonomous and intellectually open political foundation. Our foremost task is civic education in Germany and abroad with the aim of promoting informed democratic opinion, socio-political commitment and mutual understanding. In addition the Heinrich Böll Stiftung supports artistic and cultural as well as scholarly projects, and co-operation in the development field. The political values of ecology, democracy, gender democracy, solidarity and nonviolence are our chief points of reference. Heinrich Böll’s belief in and promotion of citizen participation in politics is the model for the foundation’s work. Editor in chief: Dr. Ulrike Dufner; editorial team: Özgür Gürbüz, Semahat Sevim, Yonca Verdioglu; Heinrich Böll Stiftung Turkey Representation, Inönü Cad. Haci Hanim Sok. No. 10/12, Gümüssuyu Istanbul; Telephone: +90-212-249 15 54 Fax: +90-212- 245 04 30 email: [email protected] web: www.tr.boell.org Editor: Kathleen Hamilton Translation: Esin Aslan, Defne Orhun, Metin Susan, Sungur Savran, Yaman Aksu Print Production: Farika Tasarım Date: October 2012 Printing House: Özgün Basim Tanitim San. Tic. Ltd. Şti., Yeşilce Mah. Aytekin Sok. No:21, Otosanayi - Seyrantepe - Istanbul, Tel: +90-212-280 00 09 Perspectives – Political analyses and commentary from Turkey will appear quarterly and distributed for free. For subscription please send your request by email to [email protected] The magazine and each article can be downloaded from our webpage www.tr.boell.org ■ Ecology ■ Democracy ■ Culture ■ International Politics ■ News from Hbs Editor’s note he first issue of “Perspectives” got it with its interests that are of course, influenced mostly very positive responses and by the developments. reactions. Especially readers outside of In this issue, we will not only analyze the Turkey but also from within were very shift in foreign policy and the impact of the enthusiastic about the attempt to provide “Arab spring” but also shed some light on the Tprofound analysis on developments of Turkey. very recent developments in Syria from within. Many readers agreed with us on the need of such Finally, we will draw your attention on the impact information. Critical voices were also raised; the of the crisis – especially in Syria – on the eastern Turkey Representation of the Heinrich Böll Stiftung part of Turkey, Antakya and the Kurdish regions. should deal with the “deep state” in Germany This is also to understand the close interrelation instead of the “deep state” in Turkey. Immediately of Turkey’s foreign policy and internal politics. after launching the first issue, we could observe Internal problems of Turkey related to democracy, an increase in the number of articles especially freedom of religion, etc. are reflected in its foreign on the internet that defame our association or policy. The reaction of Turkey concerning the myself as accusing to be part of the German establishment of an autonomous Kurdish entity deep state or enemy of Turkey. We consider such in Syria is symptomatic. Turkey fears a spillover articles as a somehow “Pavlovian response” to effect. Without having any serious policy for the any critic – be it from within or without of Turkey. Kurdish issue inside Turkey, the government seems We would appreciate a criticism about the articles to show panic reactions due to the development in and views expressed in the Perspectives but, we Syria. accept criticism only based on arguments, facts As a matter of fact, the third issue of and analysis and strongly dismiss any defamation, Perspectives will deal with the “Kurdish problem” against our organization or the authors. The more, or should we name it the “problem of Turkishness” a vivid debate and different views is a prerequisite or the “Turkish problem” – as is suggested by of democracy. Any attempt to criminalize or many intellectuals? threaten authors or organizations with critical views are considered anti-democratic, the same is valid for methods of censorship. In the name of the editorial team When preparing our second issue of Ulrike Dufner Perspectives, with a special attention on “Turkey and the Middle East”, we were well aware that the situation is changing with an incredible speed. From the very beginning, the HBSD was critical about the “zero problems” concept which was In 1259 BC, 15 years after propagated by Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu. the battle of Kadesh, the first written peace treaty in Already at that time, we as HBSD criticized, the world was signed. The that you cannot and should not attempt to be petograph at the walls of “everybody’s darling”. You should develop criteria the Karnak Temple in Egypt which guide your foreign policy, criteria based on resembles the war between the Hittites and Egyptians. democratic standards or international law. The government of Turkey was repeatedly announcing that Turkey hence is acting according its own interests – hereby suggesting it did not so before. In whose interest did Turkey then act? We also questioned if there was really a qualitative new foreign policy approach or if the “zero problems” policy was nothing more than a good PR strategy of the AKP government. From the retrospective, we think, our critics of the last years proved to be true. The AKP government had to realize that its so-called zero problems policy did not lead to create any further influence on the neighboring regimes. Secondly, as the articles in this issue clearly show, the AKP did also not have a strategy toward the – indeed – difficult situation in Syria. We can observe a shift in its policy and a lack of a consistent strategy. The more, we should describe Turkey’s foreign policy as slippery and draw attention to the regular attempts which are trying to readjust its policy and to align Heinrich Böll Stiftung 3 Turkey’s Middle Eastern Policy and the “New Geography” urkey’s strategic location at the juncture The Epistemological Foundations of Turkish of three continents has historically Foreign Policy in the “New Geography” been the major driving force behind During the Cold War, Turkish foreign policy was the design of her foreign policy. In formulated around NATO’s strategic framework, the era of globalisation, geography is broadly defined by the geographic perimeters of Tstill important, although it has a new meaning. the Western alliance. It is true that the collapse of Today, the “new geography” forming Turkish the Soviet Union and with it, the end of the Cold foreign policy goes beyond geographical space War, did not produce an international order that and encompasses easy access to faster travel, can settle international legal and political disputes expansive social media, the internet, multi through well-defined guidelines and mechanisms. channel TV, quick movement of people and Since then, the prevailing international system capital, increased awareness of the “world” by the reflects a set-up whereby disputes are resolved Turkish population and business community. In on an ad hoc basis. It is obvious that in such other words, the “new geography” partly relates a complicated and challenging world, Turkey’s to the economic sphere, partly to the political, traditional foreign policy of preserving the status social and cultural. Another parameter was added quo should change towards creating a new after the 9/11 attacks in New York, namely “the power axis in line with the “new international security”. However, this is different from the Cold environment”, at the centre of which lies the use War military concept of defence. The new type of of water and energy resources (İşeri and Dilek, “security” links discourse on defence to individual 2012). rights and liberties, effectively rendering them Turkey is on the crossroads for energy pivotal in international relations. resources and natural gas pipelines running from Hence, the new globalised set-up introduced Central Asia, Russia and Iran towards Europe a multi-layered social base for the analysis of (Aybar and Ozgoker, 2009). With the energy international relations, interplaying economic aspect of the “new geography”, Turkey gravitates with non-economic, political with cultural and more towards the US by extending its policy of religious. The parameters of the “new geography” strategic alliance towards a deeper economic necessitated winning the hearts and minds of the collaboration, particularly with regards to energy people in support of the policies pursued.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Identity, Narrative and Frames: Assessing Turkey's Kurdish Initiatives
    ARTICLE IDENTITY, NARRATIVE AND FRAMES: ASSESSING TURKEY’S KURDISH INITIATIVES Identity, Narrative and Frames: Assessing Turkey’s Kurdish Initiatives JOHANNA NYKÄNEN* ABSTRACT In 2009 the Turkish government launched a novel initiative to tackle the Kurdish question. The initiative soon ran into deadlock, only to be un- tangled towards the end of 2012 when a new policy was announced. This comparative paper adopts Michael Barnett’s trinity of identity, narratives and frames to show how a cultural space within which a peaceful engage- ment with the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) would be deemed legiti- mate and desirable was carved out. Comparisons between the two policies reveal that the framing of policy narratives can have a formative impact on their outcomes. The paper demonstrates how the governing quality of firmness fluctuated between different connotations and references, finally leading back to a deep-rooted tradition in Turkish governance. ince 1984 when the PKK commenced its armed struggle against the Turkish state, Turkish security policies have been framed around the SKurdish question with the PKK presented as the primary security threat to be tackled. Turkey’s Kurdish question has its roots in the founding of the republic in 1923, which saw Kurdish ethnicity assimilated with Turkishness. In accordance with the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), only three minorities were and continue to be officially recognized in Turkey: Armenians, Jews and Greeks. These three groups were granted minority status on the basis of their religion. Kurdish identity – whether national, racial or ethnic – was not recognized by the republic, resulting in decades of uprisings by the Kurds and oppressive and * Department assimilative politics by the state.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of International Environmental Application & Science
    Journal of International Environmental Application & Science ISSN-1307-0428 Editor in Chief: Prof. Dr. Sukru DURSUN, Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering & Natural Science Faculty, Konya Technical University, Konya, TURKEY EDITORIAL BOARD Prof. Dr. Lynne BODDY Prof. Dr. IR. Raf DEWIL Cardiff School of Biosciences, Main Building, Museum Chemical Eng. Dept, Chemical & Biochem. Process Techn. & Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3TL UK Control Section, Katholieke Un. Leuven, Heverlee, BELGIUM Prof. Dr. Phil INESON Prof. Dr. Tay Joo HWA Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, Environ. & Water Resources Engineering Division, of Civil & Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK Environ. Eng. School, Nanyang Techno. Un., SINGAPORE Prof. Dr. Lidia CRISTEA Dr. Somjai KARNCHANAWONG Romanian Sci. & Arts University, B-dul Energeticienilor, No.9- Environ. Engineering Dept, Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai 11, Sec. 3, ZC 030796, Bucharest, ROMANIA University, THAILAND Prof. Dr. N. MODIRSHAHLA, Prof. Dr Hab. Boguslaw BUSZEWSK Department of Applied Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Chemistry & Bioanalytics Environ., Chemistry Faculty, Tabriz Branch, IRAN Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, POLAND Prof. Dr. Victor A.DRYBAN, Prof. Dr. Azita Ahmadi-SÉNICHAULT Rock Pressure National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Arts et Métiers Paris Tech - Centre de Bordeaux, Esplanade Donetsk, UKRAINE des Arts et Metiers, FRANCE Prof.Dr. Rüdiger ANLAUF Osnabrueck University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück, Prof. Dr. Irena BARANOWSKA GERMANY Analytical Chemistry Dept., Silesian Technical University, Gliwice, POLAND Prof. Dr. Amjad SHRAIM Chemistry & Earth Sciences Department, College of Arts & Prof. Dr. Indumathi M NAMBI Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, QATAR Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Civil Eng. Dept., Environ. & Water Resources Eng. Div., INDIA Prof. Dr. Massimo ZUCCHETTI Dipartimento di Energetica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • A. FALCONE, V. IACOMI – Archeologia Dell'acqua a Elaiussa
    BOLLETTINO DI ARCHEOLOGIA ON LINE DIREZIONE GENERALE ARCHEOLOGIA, BELLE ARTI E PAESAGGIO XI, 2018/1 ANNALISA FALCONE*, VERONICA IACOMI* ARCHEOLOGIA DELL’ACQUA AD ELAIUSSA SEBASTE, CILICIA (TURCHIA): UN CONTESTO DI SCAVO DI ETA’ PROTOBIZANTINA NEL QUARTIERE RESIDENZIALE PRESSO IL PORTO SUD Elaiussa Sebaste (modern Ayaş, Akdeniz Bölgesı, southern Turkey) has been investigated since 1995 by the Italian Archaeological Mission of “Sapienza” University of Rome. Excavations brought to light large sectors of the Roman– Byzantine public area (theatre, agora, baths), necropoleis, two city harbours, the so called “Byzantine palace” and part of the domestic and handcraft quarters. The site was, during the Roman age, one of the most important cities of Cilicia Aspera and maintained its prestigious role as a significant trading port until the late empire and the early Byzantine age, when it became one of the most active centres of LR1 amphoras production. This contri- bution will focus on the “Cura Aquarum Project”, started in 2009 and aimed at identifying, positioning and doc- umenting all the structures related with the water supply of the site. Recognition works were carried out identifying large sections of the aqueduct’s truck, the connected water tanks and numerous cisterns disseminated across the city. Together with the surveys, the complete excavation of one of the cisterns entirely cut in the rock found in the domestic early-Byzantine quarter – luckily sealed just after the site abandonment – contributed to clarify the im- portance of the rainwater harvesting system, even after the aqueduct’s construction, providing a significant portrayal of the latest phase of Elaiussa’s occupation.
    [Show full text]
  • Shankar Ias Academy Test 18 - Geography - Full Test - Answer Key
    SHANKAR IAS ACADEMY TEST 18 - GEOGRAPHY - FULL TEST - ANSWER KEY 1. Ans (a) Explanation: Soil found in Tropical deciduous forest rich in nutrients. 2. Ans (b) Explanation: Sea breeze is caused due to the heating of land and it occurs in the day time 3. Ans (c) Explanation: • Days are hot, and during the hot season, noon temperatures of over 100°F. are quite frequent. When night falls the clear sky which promotes intense heating during the day also causes rapid radiation in the night. Temperatures drop to well below 50°F. and night frosts are not uncommon at this time of the year. This extreme diurnal range of temperature is another characteristic feature of the Sudan type of climate. • The savanna, particularly in Africa, is the home of wild animals. It is known as the ‘big game country. • The leaf and grass-eating animals include the zebra, antelope, giraffe, deer, gazelle, elephant and okapi. • Many are well camouflaged species and their presence amongst the tall greenish-brown grass cannot be easily detected. The giraffe with such a long neck can locate its enemies a great distance away, while the elephant is so huge and strong that few animals will venture to come near it. It is well equipped will tusks and trunk for defence. • The carnivorous animals like the lion, tiger, leopard, hyaena, panther, jaguar, jackal, lynx and puma have powerful jaws and teeth for attacking other animals. 4. Ans (b) Explanation: Rivers of Tamilnadu • The Thamirabarani River (Porunai) is a perennial river that originates from the famous Agastyarkoodam peak of Pothigai hills of the Western Ghats, above Papanasam in the Ambasamudram taluk.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Turkey in Europe. Political, Economic, and Foreign Policy
    ISSN 2239-2122 9 IAI Research Papers The EU is changing, Turkey too, and - above all - there is systemic change and crisis all G round, ranging from economics, the spread of democratic norms and foreign policy. LOBAL The IAI Research Papers are brief monographs written by one or N.1 European Security and the Future of Transatlantic Relations, This research paper explores how the EU and Turkey can enhance their cooperation in more authors (IAI or external experts) on current problems of inter- T edited by Riccardo Alcaro and Erik Jones, 2011 URKEY GLOBAL TURKEY national politics and international relations. The aim is to promote the political, economic, and foreign policy domains and how they can find a way out of the stalemate EU-Turkey relations have reached with the lack of progress in accession greater and more up to date knowledge of emerging issues and N. 2 Democracy in the EU after the Lisbon Treaty, IN trends and help prompt public debate. edited by Raaello Matarazzo, 2011 negotiations and the increasing uncertainty over both the future of the European project E after the Eurozone crisis and Turkey’s role in it. UROPE IN EUROPE N. 3 The Challenges of State Sustainability in the Mediterranean, edited by Silvia Colombo and Nathalie Tocci, 2011 A non-profit organization, IAI was founded in 1965 by Altiero Spinel- li, its first director. N. 4 Re-thinking Western Policies in Light of the Arab Uprisings, SENEM AYDIN-DÜZGIT is Assistant Professor at the Istanbul Bilgi University and Senior POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND FOREIGN POLICY edited by Riccardo Alcaro and Miguel Haubrich-Seco, 2012 Research Affiliate of the Istanbul Policy Centre (IPC).
    [Show full text]
  • Legislating Autocracy? Recent Legal Developments in Turkey
    National Security Program Foreign Policy Project Legislating Autocracy? Recent Legal Developments In Turkey April 2014 National Security Program Foreign Policy Project ABOUT BPC Founded in 2007 by former Senate Majority Leaders Howard Baker, Tom Daschle, Bob Dole, and George Mitchell, the Bipartisan Policy Center (BPC) is a non-profit organization that drives principled solutions through rigorous analysis, reasoned negotiation, and respectful dialogue. With projects in multiple issue areas, BPC combines politically balanced policymaking with strong, proactive advocacy and outreach. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of BPC interns Jessica Atlas and Preston Feinberg for their contributions. DISCLAIMER This report is a product of BPC’s Foreign Policy Project. The findings expressed herein are those solely of the Foreign Policy Project, though no member may be satisfied with every formulation in the report. The report does not necessarily represent the views or opinions of BPC, its founders, or its board of directors. Recent Legal Developments in Turkey | 2 Task Force Co-Chairs Ambassador Morton Abramowitz Former U.S. Ambassador to Turkey Ambassador Eric Edelman Former U.S. Ambassador to Turkey Task Force Members Henri Barkey Bernard L. and Bertha F. Cohen Professor of Internal Relations, Lehigh University Svante Cornell Research Director, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program Ambassador Paula Dobriansky Former Under Secretary of State for Global Affairs John Hannah Former Assistant for National Security Affairs to the Vice President Ed Husain Senior Fellow for Middle Eastern Studies, Council on Foreign Relations David Kramer Executive Director, Freedom House Aaron Lobel Founder and President, America Abroad Media Alan Makovsky Former Senior Professional Staff Member, House Foreign Affairs Committee Admiral (ret.) Gregory Johnson Former Commander of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF of This Issue
    Freshman Registration TodayToday MIT’s The Weather Today: Clear skies, 83ºF (28ºC) Oldest and Largest Tonight: Mild, 66ºF (19ºC) Tomorrow: Warm, 83ºF (28ºC) NewspaperThursday Details, Page 2 VolumeVolume 125, Number 34 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Thursday,Thursday, September 1, 2005 Greenblatt Selected As Interim Exec. VP By Marie Y. Thibault who help STAFF REPORTER m e m b e r s Sherwin Greenblatt ’62 has been of the MIT named MIT’s interim executive vice community president for fi nance and administra- interested tion, taking over for departing Exec- in starting utive Vice President John R. Curry. their own President Susan Hockfi eld, who businesses. appointed Greenblatt last week, said On the in an e-mail that he “brings a wealth third day of experience in running a complex of his new operation, and, importantly, one in job, Green- MIT NEWS OFFICE which innovation is a core value.” blatt said Sherwin Greenblatt ’62 Greenblatt, currently director of it was a bit MIT’s Venture Mentoring Service, soon to talk about plans or changes he was also president of Bose Corpora- might implement. tion for 15 years. He obtained both Greenblatt said that when he bachelor’s and master’s degrees at learned he was being offered the MIT before becoming the fi rst em- position, he was “totally shocked.” ployee hired by Professor Emeritus After the news settled in, however, DAN BERSAK—THE TECH The MIT Police presented the colors at Fenway Park Tuesday night. They were the fi rst group as- Amar G. Bose ’51 at his company . he said that he realized it would be sociated with an educational institution ever to present the colors at Fenway.
    [Show full text]
  • Spotlight on Azerbaijan
    Spotlight on azerbaijan provides an in-depth but accessible analysis of the major challenges Azerbaijan faces regarding democratic development, rule of law, media freedom, property rights and a number of other key governance and human rights issues while examining the impact of its international relationships, the economy and the unresolved nagorno-Karabakh conflict on the domestic situation. it argues that UK, EU and Western engagement in Azerbaijan needs to go beyond energy diplomacy but that increased engagement must be matched by stronger pressure for reform. Edited by Adam hug (Foreign policy Centre) Spotlight on Azerbaijan contains contributions from leading Azerbaijan experts including: Vugar Bayramov (Centre for Economic and Social Development), Michelle Brady (American Bar Association Rule of law initiative), giorgi gogia (human Rights Watch), Vugar gojayev (human Rights house-Azerbaijan) , Jacqueline hale (oSi-EU), Rashid hajili (Media Rights institute), tabib huseynov, Monica Martinez (oSCE), Dr Katy pearce (University of Washington), Firdevs Robinson (FpC) and Denis Sammut (linKS). The Foreign Policy Centre Spotlight on Suite 11, Second floor 23-28 Penn Street London N1 5DL United Kingdom www.fpc.org.uk [email protected] aZERBaIJaN © Foreign Policy Centre 2011 Edited by adam Hug all rights reserved ISBN-13 978-1-905833-24-5 ISBN-10 1-905833-24-5 £4.95 Spotlight on Azerbaijan Edited by Adam Hug First published in May 2012 by The Foreign Policy Centre Suite 11, Second Floor, 23-28 Penn Street London N1 5DL www.fpc.org.uk [email protected] © Foreign Policy Centre 2012 All Rights Reserved ISBN 13: 978-1-905833-24-5 ISBN 10: 1-905833-24-5 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this report are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Foreign Policy Centre.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Iraq's Kirkuk
    INSTITUT KURDDE PARIS E Information and liaison bulletin N° 392 NOVEMBER 2017 The publication of this Bulletin enjoys a subsidy from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Ministry of Culture This bulletin is issued in French and English Price per issue : France: 6 € — Abroad : 7,5 € Annual subscribtion (12 issues) France : 60 € — Elsewhere : 75 € Monthly review Directeur de la publication : Mohamad HASSAN Misen en page et maquette : Ṣerefettin ISBN 0761 1285 INSTITUT KURDE, 106, rue La Fayette - 75010 PARIS Tel. : 01-48 24 64 64 - Fax : 01-48 24 64 66 www.fikp.org E-mail: bulletin@fikp.org Information and liaison bulletin Kurdish Institute of Paris Bulletin N° 392 November 2017 • ROJAVA: PREPARING MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF AN UNCERTAIN FUTURE • TURKEY: THE REPRESSION EXPANDS TO LIBER- AL CIRCLES; THE VIOLENCE IS INCREASING • IRAQI KURDISTAN: UNCONSTITUTIONAL DEMANDS FROM BAGHDAD, ARABISATION OF KIRKUK RESTARTED ROJAVA: PREPARING MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF AN UNCERTAIN FUTURE. broad the “World Day for beginning to return to Raqqa, liber- the 17th with a suicide attack on a Kobani” was celebrated ated on 17th October. Regarding checkpoint that caused at least 35 on 1st November largely Deir Ezzor, the SDF fighters from victims in the Northeast of Deir as a symbol of this Syrian the “Jezirah Storm” operation, Ezzor Province, between the hydro- A Kurdish town’s unremit- launched on 9th September, liberated carbon fields of Conoco and Jafra. It ting resistance to the attack 7 villages near the town and about was, nevertheless, not able to pre- launched by ISIS in 2014 with fifteen km from the Iraqi borders, vent the SDF from reaching the Iraqi Turkish connivance.
    [Show full text]
  • ABC Consumer Magazine Concurrent Release - Dec 2007 This Page Is Intentionally Blank Section 1
    December 2007 Industry agreed measurement CONSUMER MAGAZINES CONCURRENT RELEASE This page is intentionally blank Contents Section Contents Page No 01 ABC Top 100 Actively Purchased Magazines (UK/RoI) 05 02 ABC Top 100 Magazines - Total Average Net Circulation/Distribution 09 03 ABC Top 100 Magazines - Total Average Net Circulation/Distribution (UK/RoI) 13 04 ABC Top 100 Magazines - Circulation/Distribution Increases/Decreases (UK/RoI) 17 05 ABC Top 100 Magazines - Actively Purchased Increases/Decreases (UK/RoI) 21 06 ABC Top 100 Magazines - Newstrade and Single Copy Sales (UK/RoI) 25 07 ABC Top 100 Magazines - Single Copy Subscription Sales (UK/RoI) 29 08 ABC Market Sectors - Total Average Net Circulation/Distribution 33 09 ABC Market Sectors - Percentage Change 37 10 ABC Trend Data - Total Average Net Circulation/Distribution by title within Market Sector 41 11 ABC Market Sector Circulation/Distribution Analysis 61 12 ABC Publishers and their Publications 93 13 ABC Alphabetical Title Listing 115 14 ABC Group Certificates Ranked by Total Average Net Circulation/Distribution 131 15 ABC Group Certificates and their Components 133 16 ABC Debut Titles 139 17 ABC Issue Variance Report 143 Notes Magazines Included in this Report Inclusion in this report is optional and includes those magazines which have submitted their circulation/distribution figures by the deadline. Circulation/Distribution In this report no distinction is made between Circulation and Distribution in tables which include a Total Average Net figure. Where the Monitored Free Distribution element of a title’s claimed certified copies is more than 80% of the Total Average Net, a Certificate of Distribution has been issued.
    [Show full text]
  • EU-Turkey Relations and the Stagnation of Turkish Democracy
    EU-Turkey Relations and the Stagnation of Turkish Democracy Senem Aydın-Düzgit and E. Fuat Keyman Istanbul Bilgi University and Sabanci University WORKING PAPER 02 EU-Turkey Relations and the Stagnation of Turkish Democracy Senem Aydın-Düzgit and E. Fuat Keyman* Turkey EU Accession Process Democracy Deficit Abstract Introduction The current stagnation of Turkish democracy goes hand in hand with the current impasse in EU-Turkey relations. A combination of domestic Back in August 2004, we published a working paper on the role of factors with a loss of credibility of EU conditionality led to a situation Turkey’s relations with the EU in transforming Turkish democracy in which political reform is substantially stalled and in cases where it as part of a larger project on EU-Turkey relations conducted by the is realised, it is mostly conducted to serve the interests of the ruling Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) and the Economics and political elite and with no real reference to the EU. The virtuous cycle of Foreign Policy Forum (Aydın and Keyman 2004). The central argument reform that characterised the 1999-2005 period has been replaced by of the paper was that the strengthening credibility of EU conditionality a vicious cycle in which lack of effective conditionality feeds into po- towards Turkey, coupled with favourable domestic and international litical stagnation which in turn moves Turkey and the EU further away dynamics resulted in substantial reforms towards the consolidation from one another. of Turkish democracy. The paper, written prior to the EU’s decision to open accession negotiations with Turkey, concluded that the opening of accession talks with the country on the basis of a fair decision that rests on Turkey’s achievements in its modernity and democracy would constitute a crucial step in remedying the remaining problematic aspects of Turkish democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Collapse of the Peace Process with the Kurds in Turkey
    Back to Square One? The Collapse of the Peace Process with the Kurds in Turkey Gallia Lindenstrauss The Kurdish question is one of the fundamental problems, if not the most important, facing the Turkish republic. Since the 1980s, some 40,000 people have been killed in the violent struggle between Turkey’s central government and the Kurdistan Workers’ Party, the PKK. Serious efforts were made to promote solutions during the tenure of President Turgut Ozal in the early 1990s, but since its rise to power in 2002, the Justice and Development Party has made the most progress on the issue compared to previous governments. Since 2008, and in greater intensity since the end of 2012, Turkey promoted a peace process between the government and the Kurdish minority. However, in July 2015, the process collapsed, leading to renewed violence between the sides, especially in the southeast of the country. Compared to the past, the PKK is putting more emphasis on urban warfare. Consequently, one of the Turkish army’s reactions to the renewed hostilities has been to impose an extended curfew on several neighborhoods and towns with a Kurdish majority, which severely disrupts the population’s routine of life. While past talks between the government and the Kurdish minority have also ended without a resolution and have seen the resumption of fighting, it seems that this time the escalation is more acute. Statements such as that made by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan that Turkey’s objective is “to annihilate” the armed Kurds 1 raise concern that it will be extremely difficult to revive the peace process anytime soon.
    [Show full text]