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Objectives...... 1 Motivation ...... 2 Relevance ...... 3 Structure of the dissertation ...... 3
Part 2 Chapter 1 / FROM PARTICIPATION TO INTERACTION...... 9 Part 2 Chapter 2 / THE NEW INTERACTIVITIES ...... 15 Part 2 Chapter 2 Subchapter 1 / ASPECTS OF USABILITY & ERGONOMICS ...... 18 Navigation & manipulation schema ...... 20 System and application information ...... 22 User interface presentation ...... 23 Part 2 Chapter 2 Subchapter 2 / ASPECTS OF INTERACTIVITY ...... 26 Information and collaboration ...... 28 Organization ...... 29 Lifestyle ...... 30 Utilities ...... 31 Social Networking ...... 32 Entertainment ...... 33 Part 2 Chapter 2 Subchapter 3 / ASPECTS OF OPERATION ...... 35 The Hardware ...... 36 The operating system ...... 37 The Network Protocols ...... 41 GPS...... 43 The sensors ...... 45 Part 2 Chapter 2 Subchapter 4 / CONTINUOUS SERVICES & CONNECTED DEVICES...... 47 Cloud computing ...... 48 Semantic web ...... 51 Crowdsourcing...... 55 Part 2 Chapter 3 / WHAT THE FUTURE EMBRACES ...... 59 P2P Connectivity ...... 60
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Predictability ...... 60 Mixed reality ...... 61 Crowdsourcing ...... 62 Sensors and other sensorial aptitudes ...... 62 3D ...... 64
Part 3 Chapter 1 / USED METHODS & RESULTS ANALYSIS ...... 67 Procedures and Participants ...... 67 Measures ...... 68 Part 3 Chapter 2 / DISCUSSION ...... 82 Part 3 Chapter 3 / PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 84 Part 3 Chapter 4 / OBJECTIVES ...... 86 Location awareness exploitation ...... 86 Targeted location exploitation ...... 86 Global data dissemination ...... 87 Targeted data dissemination ...... 87 Active Collaboration ...... 88 Passive Collaboration ...... 88 Part 3 Chapter 5 / COMPARATIVE MARKET ANALYSIS ...... 89 Categorized information ...... 90 Multi-topic information ...... 91 Geo-awareness & targeted location...... 92 Globalized & targeted information ...... 93 Active & passive real-time collaboration ...... 94 Smartphone adapted app ...... 95 Geo-location semantic awareness ...... 96 User friendliness & simplicity ...... 97 Part 3 Chapter 6 / DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION ...... 99 Mobile Device ...... 99 Programming Environment ...... 100 The architecture ...... 101 Part 3 Chapter 7 / FUTURE WORK ...... 104 User interface ...... 104 Multiculturalism ...... 104
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Multidimensional database system ...... 105 Gamification ...... 105 Subsidiary applications ...... 106 Covering other platforms ...... 106
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1 More and more people start their day with a query, via phone, to email account or to Facebook. And do it before they even wash their teeth or take coffee.
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2 Playability heuristics for mobile games Hannu Korhonen, Elina M. I. Koivisto, Nokia Research Center, Tampere, Finland
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3 Usability engineering, Jakob Nielson, published by Morgan Kaufman, San Francisco, 1993
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4 umm.edu/iphone 5 healthmap.org/outbreaksnearme; HealthMap.org
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6 vitotechnology.com/star-walk.html 7 webex.com
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8 squareup.com 9 apple.com/ipod/nike/run.html
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10 www.layar.com
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11 telular.com/telguard/telguard.asp
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12 shazam.com
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13 youtube.com/watch?v=F0-UtNg3ots
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14 citysense.net 15 pathintelligence.com 16 world.waze.com
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Gender Age
25% 14% <25 Female 23% 25-35 Male 63% >35 75%
Level of education completed
1% <= 12th grade 30% 33% Bachelor degree Master degree PhD degree 35%
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What types of information do you typically seek out on your smartphone? Department Stores Entertainment Food & Beverage 3 33 74 General stores 79 Health service 28 Media Services in general 45 44 Sports 25 Transport & lodging 80 28 Other
When looking for information of assorted nature would you rather seek it primarily by theme or by date of insertion?
15% By theme By date 85%
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In addition to making phone calls, how do you mainly use your smartphone?
Emailing 93 Gaming 40 Getting things done 53 Listening to music or watching videos 53 Photographing 49 Searching for specific geo-… 22 Social networking 51 Text messaging 104 Way finding 23 Web browsing 70 Other 0
Excluding phone calls, do you often use your smartphone while simultaneously doing the following activities?
Exercising 16 In cafés 59 On holiday 70 On the bus, train, metro 104 Shopping 19 Waiting 114 Walking 29 Working 30 Watching TV 25 Other 6
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Do you rather seek out location-based information or targeted information? 6% Location-based 21% Targeted Both 49% 24% None
Do you find important to know in advance what you can expect from a place you visit for the first time? 8% 1% Very important Important 36% Not so important 55% Not at all
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Would you like to be able to post your specific question and expect an answer from a friend or a well-informed stranger?
10% 14% Friend Friend & stranger No, I wouldn´t 76%
Would you like to be able to post a relevant or interesting tip just to your friends or to everyone in general?
10% 20% Only to friends
To everyone in general
No, I wouldn't 70%
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Do you rather seek out information coming from friends or well-informed strangers?
Coming from friends 27% Coming from strangers 8% 63% Both 2% None
Do you usually find the answers to your queries?
58% Yes 2% No 40% Sometimes
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How do you consume information on a smartphone?
Individual sites 99 93 Twitter & Facebook Apps on smartphone 63 SMS/MMS/email Others 28 3
Would you rather access individual information by using your smartphone Web browser or by using an information-specific app?
39% Web browser 37% Specific app 23% No preference
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Do you travel on a regular basis?
27% 27% 26% At work For recreation At work & for recreation On annual vacations 11% 8% Seldom Never 1% 0% Other
When you visit a place for the first time what kind of travel information do you mostly look for?
88 92 Road maps Tourist guides
46 46 Cyber cafés I ask around Smartphone 5 0 Other
Do you find it pertinent to obtain all types of relevant information regarding a location you are at?
58% Yes, a lot 40% Sometimes Not really
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Putting aside the price issue, if you were free to choose a new smartphone today, which one would you choose?
5% 1% 3%
Apple iPhone 4G Google Android phone 48% Rim Blackberry phone 43% Windows phone 7 Other
What are the most important factors that inform your choice? 12 Ability to customize phone
58 57 Friendly & simple user interface Touch screen 46 90 GPS enabled Multitasking 73 49 Number and quality of apps Quality of display 80 63 Size of device 45 Web browsing capabilities Other
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