Index Rulers and their consorts and their children are under first names. Royal peers are under their title, non-royal members of the peerage are under their family names. Second references on a page and in notes are not always noted. de Albini/d’Aubigny, William, earl of Barwell, William, executor of Robert Pylly, Arundel (1138/9-76), 36; descendants 48. 36 n. 70. Bath, order of the, 58. Alcas, William, keeper of Kettle Mill, Baxter, Simon, chamberlain of Lynn, 39. Lynn, 43. Baxter, Simon, mayor (1462-63), 39n. Amfleys, Richard, mayor of Lynn (1494- Beauchamp, Richard, bishop of Salisbury, 95), chamberlain, 39, 46n. 3, 5, 9; his house on Fleet Street, 5. Anjou, René, duke of, defeated at Beaufort, Edmund, duke of Somerset (d. Bulgnéville (1431), 67. 1455), 64, 67, 75, 78; constable of Anne Neville, queen, household, 23; her England, 72, 79. lion and its keeper, 43. Bee, Thomas, painter, 75, 77. , diet 1491, 32. Belys, John, of Lynn, 31 and nn. Aragon, knight from, 73. , Norway, 21, 22, 23-24, 31, 33; Archer, Thomas, serjeant at mace, of fish staple and Hanse steelyard, 23-24; Lynn, 43, 46. English and Hollander communities, artillery, gunpowder weapons, 61-70; 23-24, 31 and n. fowlers, serpentines, organ guns, Berry, Charles, duke of, 3. culverins, 62, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70; Berwick, 13, 59. bombards, Goodgrace, Henry, the Crown, Bewesey, Thomas, chamberlain of Lynn, 63-64; and see under Lynn. 43. Aspeland, John, of Lynn, 45 n. 113. Bilney, John, of Lynn, 27. Astley, Sir John, 73-74, 77, 79; his wife, Birmingham, Henry, merchant of Lynn, Elisabeth Harcourt, 73; his 24, n. 23. commonplace book, 73-74. Bishop’s Lynn, see Lynn. Astry/ Estry, Ralph, alderman, Blackborough priory, 45 n. 114, 50; fishmonger of , 17. prioress, see Fincham, Margery. Axel, town in Zeeland, 6. Blakeney, Norf., 23. Aylmere, Elizabeth (Thoresby), widow of Bledlowe, Thomas, grocer and stapler of Robert, 53 n. London, 25, 28-29. Aylmere, Richard, executor of Thomas Blijde Inkomste, Joyous Entry, 2, 7. Thoresby, 52, 53 n. Blower, William, junior, of Lynn, 45 n. 113, 47. Baenst, Guy de, mayor of Sluis, 8. Boothe, Robert, 24 n, 23. Baker, William, serjeant at mace of Lynn, Bordeaux, Gascony, 22, 23; fall of, 63. 39. Boston, Lincs., 21, 24, 31; George of Boston, Bale, Robert, chronicler, 121. 25; steelyard, 21. Baltic Sea, trade, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25-32, 40. Bosworth, battle, 32, 74; artillery at, 61. Barker, Thomas, of Lynn, 29. Boulogne, 14. Barnet, battle (1471), 68. Bourchier, Sir Humphrey, lord Cromwell, Barwell, Thomas, executor of Robert 38, 42. Pylly, 48. Bowman, Peter, clerk of the king’s ships 1464, 14.

133 Index bows, longbows, 62; arrows, 62; Calbot, Thomas, mayor (1463-65), crossbows, 62. merchant of Lynn, 25n.; 40 n. 92. Bowsey, Edmund, of Lynn, 47. Cambridge, King’s College, 41. Brampton, Thomas, controller of great Carisbrooke, castle, 62. and petty customs, Lynn, 36 n. 72. Carre, Nicholas, of Lynn, 47. Braybroke, John, customs official, 36, 37 Carter, Thomas, chamberlain, merchant and n. of Lynn, 25 and n., 31, 46. Braybroke, Robert, customs official, 36, Castillon, battle (1453), 78. 37 and n., 39, 44, 47. Castle Rising, Norf., lordship, 36, 37, 46 n. brigandines, 62. 121; bailiff, see Getyns, John, Parker, , 66. John. Brittany, war 1483-84, 16, 45, 46. Caus, William, merchant of Lynn, 40 n. 94. Bromer, John, merchant of London, 25. Caxton, William, printer, 123. Bromer, Nicholas, merchant of Lynn, 44. chariots, chariots branlants, 9-11. Bromfield/Bronfeld, Edward, esquire Charlton, Kent, 17. from Southwark, 74. Childs, Prof. Wendy, 19, 22 n. 11, 30 n. 45. Brown, Stephen, grocer, mayor of Christian I of Denmark (d. 1481), 30. London (born Newcastle), 27-29 and Chronicle of Flanders, Cronijcke van nn; Brown’s Quay, 28-29; widow Vlaenderen, 1-4, 6, 7-9, 11. married Peter Pekham, clerk of chronograms, 1. chancery, 28 n. 41. Cilgerran, Pemrokeshire, lordship, 75. , 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11; beguines, 11. Clarencieux king at arms, see Holme, Sir Burbage, John, common clerk or recorder Thomas. of Lynn (1457-78), 34, 35, 39 and n. 89, Clarence, George, duke of, 37. 41n, 42n, 44, 47; ‘alderman’ of a Clarendon, 78. constabulary, 35 n. 64; Beatrice his wife, Claxton, Hamond, merchant of Norwich, 39n.; joint coroner, 37 n. 75. 25. Burdy, John, merchant of Lynn, 53. Clenchwarton, Norf., 38 n. 83. Burgh, Thomas, merchant of Lynn, clergy, parish clergy of Lincolnshire, 109- alderman of Holy Trinity Guild, 40. 11. Burgundy, Anthony, Great Bastard of, 5; Cleves, Mary of, duchess of Orleans Charles the Bold, duke of, 1-12; his (1426-87), 4. garter achievements, 10-11; Elizabeth Cliderowe, Clement, common clerk of (Isabel) of Bourbon, Charles the Bold’s Lynn, 39 n. 89. 2nd wife, 2; Isabel of Portugal, duchess cloth trade, 23, 28. of, 1, 7-8; Margaret of , duchess coal, see seacole. of, 1-12; her device, 9; her motto, 8; , 26; London steelyard, 26. Philip the Fair, duke of, 2; Philip the Combersale, William, clerk of the king’s Good, duke of, 2, 4, 5, 7. ships, 16. Burnham, Norf., 20. commissions, of array, 37, 45; of walls and Burton, John, constable of Lynn, 47. ditches, 37, 42. Burton, William, of Lynn, 45 n. 113. Compostella, pilgrims, 17. Bylney, John, of Lynn, 47. Coningsby, William, of Lynn, 52 and n. 146. Cade, John, ‘captain of Kent’, 62, 67. constable of England, 71. Calabria, Jean, duke of, 3. Constantinople, 75. Calais, 11, 13; garrison, 62.

134 Index

Cony, Walter, mayor (1460-61, etc), Dersingham, Norf., 20, 23, 28. alderman of Holy Trinity Guild of Dewer, William, of Lynn, 45 n. 113. Lynn, 19, 26, 39n., 41 and n. 42, 46, 52 Dobson, Richard, chamberlain of Lynn, n. 148; house in Chequer, 41, 42; 46. merchant’s mark, 47; rebuilder of St Dover, 14; castle, defence of, 66; Straits, Margaret’s church, 19, 40-41; 14, 15. negotiator, 24 n. 23, 26. Drayton, Peter, priest, 53. Copenhagen, Denmark, 25. Dullam, William, priest, 49. court of chivalry, 71-79. Dunne, Robert, gate keeper of Lynn, 39. Coustain, Pierre, painter, 10-11. Dyffrun bryn, Pembrokeshire, lordship, Coventry, 71; artillery, 65. 75. Crabhouse priory, Norf., 50. Crécy, battle (1346), artillery, 67. earl marshal of England, 71. Cromer, Norf., 23. East Greenwich, 17. Cromwell, Lord, Ralph (1417-55), heirs of, East Winch, near Lynn, 36, 38 n. 83. 36. Edington priory, Devon, 41. Crotoy, English garrison, 62. Edmund, earl of Rutland, d. 1460, 38. Curraunt, Robert, common councilman of Edward II, 58; his daughter Joan of the Lynn, 41. Tower, 58. customs, see under Edward IV and Lynn. Edward III, use of artillery, 61. Edward IV, 2, 3, 5, 17, 20, 29, 31, 37, 59, , 7, 11; bailiff, 8; Koolkerk gate, 9; 74; French expedition, 74; funeral, 74; house ‘St John’, 9. his ship Antony, 13, 14; charter to Lynn, Danzig, Poland, 14, 21, 25, 26-29, 30, 32, 34, 44; clerk of king’s council, see Kent, 40, 45; English community, 23-24; IHS Thomas; clerk of the king’s ships, see of Danzig, 26 n. 35; relations and trade Roger, Thomas; concern over grain with England (esp. Lynn), 24-26, 30-33; supplies, 22; customs service overhaul, seizure 1468, 25-26; smuggling with 37; flight to Low Countries, 38; ‘great English, 30, 33 n. 56; source of grain, voyage towards Scotland’, 38; minstrels, 22, 28; stranded English in Danzig 42; prince of Wales’ governor, see 1483, 30; see Lynn, steelyard. Woodville, Anthony; protection of Dartford, Kent, 63. fishermen by royal convoy 32, 33; visit Dartmouth, customers, 14; and see Gale, to Walsingham, 38; wine fleet, 22-23; Thomas, Greyson, Thomas. and see Denmark. defences, 1484-85, see under Lynn. Estry/Astry, Ralph, alderman and Denmark, 21; Danish Sound, 21, 24-26, fishmonger of London, 17. 29-32; king of Denmark and Norway, Exeter, bishop, see Neville, George. 23-24 and see Christian I and Hans I; pirates, 32; relations with England, 21, Fastolf, Sir John, military advice, 67. 23, 24-26, 29-32; relations with subjects, Feltwell, Norf., 50. 23-24, 31; seizure of 1468, 24-26; treaty Fiennes, William, Lord Say (d. 1477), 38. with England 1466, 24, 29, 33; treaty fifteenth century, personalities and with England 1476, 24 n. 23, 29; perspectives, 97-99; commemoration, negotiations with England 1477, 24 n. administration, economy, 103-06. 23, 31; truce ending 1482, 30; treaty Fillastre, Guillaume, bishop of Tournai, 9. and negotiations 1489-90, 26, 31-32 Fincham, Elizabeth, prioress of and n., 37. Shouldham, 50. Denny, Poor Clares, 50.

135 Index

Fincham, John of Outewell, Cambs., son Greece, 75. of John Fincham (d. 1495), 49 n. 131, Greyson, Thomas, customer of 52 and n. 146. Dartmouth, 14. Fincham, John, of Fincham St Martin (d. Grosvenor, Sir Robert, his arms, 71. 1495), 37 and n., 41n., 43n., 45; family Gryndell, John, chamberlain of Lynn, 43, and manors, 45 n. 114; wife Beatrice 44, 45, 47; married Margery, daug. of Thoresby, 49. Thomas Thoresby, 48, 52 and n. Fincham, Margery, prioress of Gryndell, John, son of John, married Blackborough, 50. daughter of Robert Pylly, 48, 52 and n. Fitz Alan, William, earl of Arundel (d. Guybon, Alice, wife of Gregory, 52. 1487), 42. Guybon, Elizabeth (born Thoresby), wife Fitzwilliam, William, of Sprotborough, his of Thomas, 52. invitation to the wedding of Richard of Guybon, Gregory, son of Stephen, 52 and York and Anne Mowbray, 55-59; his n. 149. father, William, 55; his mother, Guybon, Stephen, of North Lynn (d. 1433) Elizabeth, 55; his sister, Margaret, 55; 52 n. 149. his wife, Elizabeth Conyers, 59; his son, Guybon, Thomas, son of Gregory, 52 and John, 59. nn. 143, 146, 149 Flamborough, Yorks., ships attacked by Guyenne, 3. Hanse 1485-90, 32. Flanders, 6; and see Chronicle of, and , 21, 24 n. 25; 26, 29, 32, 46, 49; Low Countries. capture of English ship 1484, 32; Formigny, battle (1450), 62, 67. Criston of Hamburg, 26 n. 35; pirates Fox, William, gate keeper of Lynn, 39, 43. Pothorst and Theodoric Pynning, 32. France, 23; loss of, 61. Hanford, Sir John, lieutenant of the Freebridge Hundred, Norf., 46. constable of England, 72, 79. Fyssher, John, of Lynn, 45 n. 113. Hans, king of Denmark (1481-1513), 30- 31; charter of proposals concerning Gagney, Thomas, chaplain, 25n. trade, 31. Gale, Thomas, customer of Dartmouth, Hanse, confederation of German towns, 16. 20, 22, 23, 25-29; attacks on English Garter, order of the, 74; poor knights, 75. ships 1485-90, 32; confirmation of Gascony, 3, 72; loss of, 78; wine trade, 21- privileges, 29; ships (Criston of Hamburg, 22. IHS of Danzig), 26 n. 35; steelyards, see Gavere, near Ghent, battle (1453), 67. under Boston, London and Lynn; Getyns, John, yeoman of Henry VII, 46 n. treaty of Utrecht, 24; war with England 121. 1468-74, 26; and see Cologne, Danzig, Ghent, 67. Hamburg, Lübeck. Godwyn, Richard, ship owner, 25n. Harfleur, capture, 61. Goldwell, James, bishop of Norwich, 24 n. Hargille, Thomas, yeoman of Richard III, 23, 33-34, 58. 22 n. 15. Goyse, Joan, goddaughter to Thomas harvests 1480-83, 22. Roger, 17. Harwich, defences, 46. grain trade and dearths of grain, 21, 22, 28, Hastings, William, lord Hastings, 38. 39. Hatcliffe, William, 24. Great Ouse River, Norf., 19, 46-47. Heacham, Norf., 20. , Norf., 20, 21; surveyor health and healthcare in medieval towns, of customs, see Williamson, John. 92-93.

136 Index

Hedelam, James, yeoman of Richard III, Hull, Yorks., 21; Iceland trade, 32; losses 22 n. 15. at sea, 32. Hedelam, Nicholas, yeoman of Richard Hundred Years War, use of artillery, 61, III, 22 n. 15. 90-91. Henry I, 36. Hunt the fletcher, of Lynn, 45 n. 113. Henry IV, as duke of Hereford, 71. Henry V, 13, 14; capture of Harfleur, 61. Iceland, 21, 22 and n. 15, 23; crisis of Henry VI, in prison, 5; armanent 1467-68, 25, 30; English trade under programme, 61-7; his coronation licence, 29-33; Iceland boy into Lynn expedition to France, 61; his council, service, 30 n. 45. 71; his court of chivalry, 71-79; illness, , Suff., surveyor of customs, see 64; reputation, 72. Williamson, John. Henry VII, 32, 74; clerk of his ships, see Italy, 25. Combersale, William; confirms charter of Richard III to Lynn, 44n; pardons Janyn, Edmund, keeper of east gate and Holy Trinity Guild of Lynn, 44n.; his market of Lynn, 43. ship Sovereign, 13-14. Jerusalem, knights of the Holy Sepulchre, Henry VIII, navy, 16. 75. heralds and heraldry, in Shakespeare’s John, keeper of the queen’s lion, 43. England, 115-17. John, king of England, 33. Heryot, William, draper of London, 25; Johnys/Jones, Sir Hugh, 75, 79. owner of George of London, 14, 25. Judde, John, master of the ordnance, 65, Hickling, William, master of the ordnance, 66, 69. 61, 63, 64, 65, 70. Hide, James, king’s esquire, 76. Kempe, John, archbishop of Canterbury, Hingham, George, prior of Lynn, 50, 53. 76. Holland, 21, 22; carrying trade, 22; men in Kempe, Margery (born Brunham) and her Iceland, Norway and Baltic, 23, 29. Book, 19-20. Holme, Sir Thomas, Clarencieux king at Kenilworth, castle, 65, 66, 67, 69. arms, 24 n. 23, 31. Kent, Thomas, clerk of the king’s council, Holt, William, mercer and stapler of 28 n. 37. London, 28. Kerkeby, Thomas, chamberlain of Lynn, Holy Sepulchre, 41. 46. Hornsea, Yorks., ships attacked by Hanse Keyle, Thomas, 75. 1485-90, 32. King’s Lynn, see Lynn. hospitals, 96-97; 104-05. Kingston Lacy, 78. Howard family, origins in Lynn, 46. Kleineke, Dr Hannes, 30 n. 47. Howard, Elizabeth, wife of John de Vere, Knolles, Thomas, grocer and mayor of 12th earl of , estates as heiress, London, 27n. 38 and n., 43. Kyriell, Sir Thomas, 67; gives guns to Howard, John, Duke of Norfolk (d. 1485), Southampton, 62. 15, 36, 43, 45, 46, 49; as admiral, 43; as Sir John Howard, 42; death, 47; Lakynghithe, John, mayor of Lynn (1414), footman, 43; minstrels, 43; Howard 27. Household Books, 15. Lancaster, Lancastrian government Howard, Sir John (d. 1381), 36. armament programme, 61-70. Howard, Thomas, earl of Surrey, 44, 45. Langworth, Ellis, 75. Howard, William, 36. Lathe, Robert atte, of Lynn, 27.

137 Index

Lawney, John, grocer of London, 27. bishop of Norwich overlord of town, Leighton, Thomas, mayor, merchant of his fees, and campaign against him Lynn, 25 and nn., 26. from 1473, 20, 33-34, 35-36, 44; Lisieux, Thomas, dean of St Paul’s, 76. bretaskes or forts see defences; Lister, John, bellman of Lynn, 39. charters, 33, 34, 44 and n.; Chequer London: grain supplies, 22, 28; Iceland (the) now King Street, 27-28, 41n, 42 trade, 32; magnet of provincial trade, and n., 47; cleaning of town, 36; cloth 21, 27; seacoal from Newcastle, 22; and trade, 21; coastal trade, 20, 22, 23; see ships. common staithe, 27, 36, 46, 47; London, churches: All Hallows the Less, congregation, 34, 35, 39; constabularies 17; Blackfriars, 17 St Andrew Hubbard, (North End, Kettlewell, Paradise, Jews 17; St Dunstan in the East, 28-29. Lane, New Conduit, Chequer, Trinity London, people: aldermen, see Estry, Hall, Sedgeford Lane and Stonegate), Ralph; Merlow, Richard; drapers, see 35 and n., 44; Corpus Christi, Guild, Heryot, William; grocers, see Brown, 44n; council of the twenty-four, 34-35, Stephen, Knolles, Thomas, Lawney, 37, 42, 44; council of the twenty-seven John, Lovelich, Henry, Marowe, or common council, 34-35, 37, 44; William; mayors, see Brown, Stephen, customs accounts, 20-21, 37, and king’s Knolles, Thomas, Tate, John; mercers, customs officials see Brampton, see Holt, William, Tate, John; Thomas, Braybroke, John, Braybroke, merchants in Baltic trade, 25; see Robert, Thurleby, John, Walton, John; Bledlowe, Thomas, Bromer, John, Damgate, 25n; defence of town, 34, Heryot, William; salters, see Mariner, 44-47; diplomatic status and role in William and Roger, Thomas; Vintners treaty negotiations, 20, 24 and n. 23, 26; Company, 17, and see Estry, Ralph; excavations 20 n. 5; fairs, 34; fee-farm Mariner, William; Roger, Thomas; lease from bishop, 33; fishing fleet, 23; waxchandler, see March, William; Fleet of Whitefriars, 47; friaries, 34, 47; soldiers from London, 74. gates, 35, 43, 46, 47; government, 33- London, places: Brown’s Quay, 28-29; 38; grain trade, 21, 22; guns, 44, 46; Fleet Street, 5; gate, 6; Great Wardrobe, Hall Books, 35, 38, 39 n. 89, 47, and 4; Smithfield, 73, 77, 78; Steelyard, 21, passim; husting court, 34; Holy Trinity 26; Thames Street, 17; Tower, as chapel, 25n; Holy Trinity Guild, 26, 34, arsenal, 61, 65, 66, 69, 75; Tower, 35, 36, 38, 39, 44n., for its alderman, 38, menagerie, 4. 51, and see Burgh, Thomas, Cony, Louis XI, king of France, 3, 4, 23. Walter, Thoresby, Henry, Thoresby, Lovelich, Henry, grocer of London, 27. Thomas, Westhorp, Edmund; Iceland Lovell, Henry, lord Morley (d. 1489), 49. trade, 30; Jesus Guild, 51; leet, 34; Low Countries, 1-11, 13. market tolls, 36; meterage of goods by Lübeck, head town of Hanse, 23, 26, 46. meters/porters, 23, 35; military service Ludford Bridge, battle (1459), 68. for king, 45 and n.; Millfleet, 19; Lyalton, John, his case before the court of pavements, 39; port or haven, fees, toll, chivalry, 71-79. etc, 35-36, 46; Prioreswatergate, 27; Lynn Episcopi (Bishop’s Lynn), Norfolk, priory of Lynn, 41, and priors see 19-59; Asshbourne’s (William) Book, Hingham, George, Spynke, William; 21; attacks on ships by Hanse 1485-90, Purfleet River, 10, 42, 47; Red Mount 32-33; Balle (le), 28 n. 38; Baltic trade, Chapel, 41; refuse collection and 21, 25-32; beacon, 45; Bergen trade ‘muckhills’, 39; St George’s Guild, 37, and St William’s Guild, 23, 30, 31; 46n.; Sts Giles and Julian Guild, 37; St

138 Index

James Chapel, 46 and n. 47; St MPs, 35, 44, and see Birmingham, Margaret’s church, 19, 27, 34, 51, and Henry, Braybroke, John, Carter, rebuilding 19, 40-41; St Nicholas Thomas, Caus, William, Cony, Walter, chapel, 19; Saturday Market place, 19; March, William, Monk, William, Pilton, Scots war contribution, 38-39; seacole William, Thoresby, Henry, Thoresby, trade, 23; ships, 22, 25, 28 n. 37, 30; Robert. soken (le), 47; steelyard (negotiations Lytton, ‘Maistresse’, 17. and site) 21, 26-29, 42, 51; taxes to king 1386, 1524, 21; taxes (local), 35, 44-45; Maddock, Susan, 19, 36 n. 71. Tuesday Market, 41; tolbooth, 34, 35- Malory, Thomas, his Morte Darthur and 36, 39, 46; trade 20-33 (figures, 30 n. comparable continental texts, 94-95. 47); trade of goods in Hanse ships (incl manuscripts, Bruges, Town Library, 437, smuggling), 26 and n., 30; view of 2n; Brussels, Royal Library, 13073-74, frankpledge, 34; walls, see under 2n; Chantilly, Musée Condé 65 (Tres defences; watchmen, 47; water Riches Heures du Duc de Berry), 5; Douai, transport, 20; wine trade, 21-23; wool Town Library 1110, 2n; London, trade, 21; and see Danzig, Denmark. British Library, Add. 6113, 4n; Cotton Lynn, officers: election and oath taking of Nero C ix, 4n; Harley 433, 16; Longleat, officials, 34-35; bellman, 35, 39, 43, 46 Financial Memoranda, 13-14; Louvain, and see Lister, John; chamberlains, 35, Central Library, 1336, 7-9; New York, and see Amfleys, Richard, Baxter, Pierpont Morgan Library M 435, 1, 2n, Simon, Bewesey, Thomas, Braybroke, 9, 11n; M 775, 73-74 John, Carter, Thomas, Dobson, March, William, mayor (1480-82) of Lynn, Richard, Gryndell, John, Kerkeby, ‘alderman’ of a constabulary, 35 n. 64; Thomas, Meyke, John, Pepir, Edmund, MP, 44 and n. Pylly, Robert, Simkynson, Thomas, Margaret of Anjou, queen of Henry VI, Trotte, John, Waterman, John, Yates, 65. William; common clerk or recorder, Marham abbey, 50. 34-35 and see Burbage, John, Mariner, William, salter of London, 17. Cliderowe, Clement, Monk, William; Marowe, William, grocer and stapler of common serjeant at mace, 35, 43, 46 London, 27. and see Archer, Thomas, Baker, marriage, minimum age, 58. William, Ycher, Thomas; constables, Masse, Pierre de, of Pontoise, 73. 35 and n., 44, and see Burton, John, Massingham, John, constable of Lynn, 44. Gryndell, John, Massingham, John, Mering, Thomas, of Tong, Shropshire, 75. Pepir, Edmund, Tego, John, Wright, Merlow, Richard, alderman of London, Thomas; keepers of gates (East and le 27n. Gannock, South and Doucehill), 35, 43, Meyke, John, chamberlain of Lynn, 46. 46, 47, and see Dunne, Robert, Fox, Middleham College, 38 n. 83. William, Sampson, Nicholas; keeper of minstrels, 42, 43. Kettle Mill, 43, and see Alcas, William; Mone, John, stepson to Thomas Roger, keeper of the market, 35, 43, and see 17. Janyn, Edmund; mayors, 34, 35, 39-47, Monk, William, recorder of Lynn, MP. 43 and see Lakynghithe, John, Leighton, and n., 46, 47. Thomas, Pilton, William, Pylly, Robert, Montgomery, Thomas, diplomat, knight Thoresby, Henry, Thoresby, John, of the body, 74, 75, 77. Thoresby, Thomas, Waales, William, Moundeford, Francis, of Feltwell, 50, 52 Westhorp, Edmund, Wright, Thomas; and n. 145.

139 Index

Moundeford, Margaret (born Thoresby), Parker, John, keeper of tollbooth, Lynn, wife of Francis, 51, 52. 46. Moundeford, Osbert, 52. Parker, Thomas, esquire to Henry VI, 74. Moundeford, Thomas, 52 and n. 145. Parker, Thomas, of London, armorer, 75. Mowbray, Anne, daughter of John, duke Paston, Sir John, 56. of Norfolk (d. 1482), 43; her wedding, Penketh, Richard, draper of London, 42n.; 55-59. Alice his wife, widow of Tanner, Mowbray, John, duke of Norfolk (d. Thomas, 42n. 1476), 55, 56; his minstrels, 42; earl Pepir, Edmund, fishmonger of Lynn, 41 marshal, 72; his wife, 56. and nn., 44, 46, 48, 49n.; merchant’s Mowbray, Thomas, duke of Norfolk, 71, mark, 47. 79. Pepir, Richard, merchant of Lynn, married daug, of Robert Pylly, 48-49 Neville, George, bishop of Exeter, 37-38. and n. Neville, family, 68, 76, 78. Percy, family, 78. Neville, Richard, earl of Salisbury (d. Percy, Henry, earl of Northumberland (d. 1460), 38, 64. 1489), minstrels, 43. Neville, Richard, earl of Warwick, 3n., 4-6, Peyke, William, porter, of Lynn, 45 n. 113. 17, 37, 64, 78; his minstrels, 42; his Pigott, John, mayor of Lynn (1446-47), 21 fleet, 15; his ships Christopher, Giles and n. 10, 27 and n. 37, 28; his house, 27- Katherine Warwick, 14. 28; Iceland trade, 28 n. 38, 30 n. 45. Newcastle, Northumb., grain, 27; Pigott, Simon, mayor of Lynn (1454), 28 merchants, see Brown, Stephen; and nn, 35, 47; Matilda his wife, 28 n. seacoal trade, 22. 37; ships, 28 n. 37; wool dealer, 28 n. Nicolasson, William, merchant of Lynn, 37; ‘alderman’ of a constabulary, 35 n. 41n. 64. Norfolk Record Office, 19. Pigott, Thomas, of Lynn area, 37 n. Normandy, 63; defence, 67; loss of, 62, 72, pillion, riding pillion and/or sidesaddle, 4- 74. 6. Norreys, Robert, his case before the court Pilly, John, merchant of Lynn, 42n. of chivalry, 71-79. Pilton John, merchant of Lynn, 28 n. 37, North Sea, 20, 21, 23, 29, 32. 52 n. 148. Northampton, battle (1460), 66, 68. Pilton, Cristine, wife of William, 52. Northcote, James, R.A., 58. Pilton, William, mayor 4 times of Lynn, Northumberland, attacks by Hanse ships 42, 52 n. 148. 1485-90, 32. Plays, William, anchorite of Carmelites of Norway, 21, 22; trade with England, 23. Lynn, 50. Norwich, 21, 25; bishop as overlord of Plymouth, 23. Lynn, 27; bishop, see Goldwell, James; Poland, 25. cathedral priory, 41; trade with Iceland, Pole, John de la, duke of Suffolk (d. 1491- 32. 92), minstrels, 43. Poole, custom revenues, 14. Owtlawe, Richard, ship owner of Lynn, Portugal, wine trade, 21-22. 25n. Pothorst, pirate, 32. Powditch, Robert, merchant of Lynn, 44, Palmer, John, ship owner of Lynn, 33 n. 47. 56. Prussia, 21, 25, 30. Pudsay family, 120.

140 Index

Pylly, Robert, mercer, mayor of Lynn Ross, Dr James, 36 n. 70. (1483-84, 1487-88), 25 and n. 39, 42, 43-45, 47, 48-49; ‘alderman’ of a Sage, Thomas, of Scarborough, attacks by constabulary, 35 n. 64. Hanse ships 1485-90, 32. Pylly. Margaret (born Barwell), wife of St Albans, first battle (1455), 64, 65, 68. Robert, 48-49. sallets, 62. Pylton Undele and Stokodele, Northants, Sampson, Nicholas, gate keeper of Lynn, 52. 39, 43. Pynning, Theodoric, pirate, 32. Sandwich, Kent, customs, 14; French attack on, 66. Rainford/Reynford, Laurence, 74-75 Say, lord, see Fiennes, William. Rede, John, merchant of Lynn, 31 n. Scales, lord, see Woodville, Anthony. Richard II, 21, 71 Scales, Thomas, lord Scales (died 1460), Richard III, as king 36, 37, 38-47; 66. coronation, 74; diet and eating habits, Scarborough, 45. 81-85; Breton war, 44; clerk of king’s Scotland, prince David of, 58; war 1481- council, 32; clerk of king’s ships, see 82, 15; war 1484, 45, 46. Roger, Thomas; relations with Lynn, Scotland, war against 1481/2, 15. 19, 20, 32-33, 43 (letters), 44 and n. Scoule, Richard, of Lynn, 45 n. 113. (charter); concern for grain supplies, 22; Scrope, Sir Richard, his arms, 71. death, 47; discovery of his body, 99- seacole coastal trade 23; and see London, 100; use of artillery at Bosworth, 61; Lynn, Newcastle. defences 1484-85 see under Lynn; Sheen, 78. footman and messengers, 43; heralds, Sherman, John, chandler, of Lynn, 45 n. see Holme, Sir Thomas; household, 23; 113. Iceland trade, 25, 32; military service of Sherman, Thomas, of Lynn, 45 n. 113. Lynn, 45 and n.; piracy by Hamburg, ships, 13-18; balinger, 28 n. 37; clerk of 32, 46; protection of fishermen by the king’s ships, see Bowman, Peter, royal convoy 32, 33, 46; rebellion of Combersale, William, Roger, Thomas; 1483, 39; relations with Denmark, 31- Anne of John Palmer of Lynn, 33 n. 56; 32; relations with France, 23; naval Antony, 13, 14; Christopher of Lynn, 45-46; battle against Scots, 45; ships, 16; wine Christopher, 14; Criston of Hamburg, 26 n. trade 1483, 23; yeomen, see Hargille, 35; dogger, 30 n. 45; Falcon, 16; George Thomas, Hedelam James, Hedelam, of Boston, 25; George of London, 14, 25; Nicholas. Giles, 14; Grace Dieu, 13, 15; Great Richard III, as duke of Gloucester, 15, 36 Portingale, 13; hulk of ‘Spruse’, 28 n. 37; n. 70, 37, 38; admiral of England, 38; IHS of Danzig, 26 n. 35, 31; James of constable of England, 71; created Lynn, 25; Katherine Warwick, 14; Margaret, knights in Scotland, 58-59; council of, 15; Mary of Lynn, 25, 39; Mary Rose, 18; 38; flight to Low Countries, 38; manors Sovereign, 13; Trinity, 16. in East Anglia, 38 and n.; Scots Shouldham priory, 45 n. 114, 50; prioress, campaign, 38. see Fincham, Elizabeth. Riden, John, of Wiggenhall, 48. Simkynson, Thomas, chamberlain of Roger, Thomas, citizen, fishmonger and Lynn, 43, 45. vintner of London, clerk of the king’s Simkynson, William, of Lynn, 45 n. 113. ships, 13-18, 25; his wife, Joan, 17; his Skelton, John, poet, 111-13. step-son, John Mone, 17. Sluis (Écluse), 7, 8; mayor, 8. Roovere, Anthonis de, rhetorician, 1-2, 7. Snettisham, Norf., 20.

141 Index

Soome, John, merchant of Lynn, 47. Thoresby, Henry (mayor 3 times), of Sound, 14, 15. Lynn, in Iceland trade, 28 n. 38, 30 n. Southampton, grain supplies, 22; guns, 62. 45, 40, 51, 52; merchant’s mark, 33; Spain, wine trade, 21-22. began Thoresby Chapel, 40. Spelman, Henry, lawyer, 37 and n., 41n., Thoresby, Henry, (d. 1507-08), wife, Ellen, 43n., 45 and n. 115. coheiress of John Doreward, 40 n. 94. Sprotborough, church, 55. Thoresby, John (mayor 1425) of Lynn, 27 Spynke, William, prior of Lynn, 41. and n., 40. Stamford, Lincs., MP 1478, see Monk, Thoresby, John, junior, common William; Browne’s Hospital, 96-97. councilman of Lynn, 40 n. 95. Stanley, John/Jankyn, son of Sir William Thoresby, John, senior, merchant of Lynn, Stanley of Storeton, sergeant of the 40 n. 95. king’s armory, 76. Thoresby, Margaret, daughter of Thomas, stockfish trade, 23, 29. wife of Francis Moundeford, 51, 52. Stoke Ferry bridge, Norf., 50. Thoresby, Margery, daughter of Thomas, Suffolk, coast, 22. wife of John Gryndell, 48, 51, 52. Swansea, St Mary’s, 75. Thoresby, Ralph, searcher of ships, 40 n. Sweden, 23-24. 95. Thoresby, Robert, son of Henry, 39 n. 89, Talbot, John, earl of Shrewsbury, killed at 40. Castillon, 63. Thoresby, Thomas, mayor of Lynn (1482- Tanner, Thomas, and widow Alice, 42n. 83), 39-41, 48-53; alderman of Holy Tate I, John, mercer, stapler and mayor of Trinity Guild, 39, 46; ‘alderman’ of a London, executor of Stephen Brown, constabulary, 35 n. 64; Baltic trade, 25n, 28-29. 37n., 43n., 44, 45, 46, 49; benefactor, Taylour, Thomas, of Lynn, fisherman, 49-53; college, 51; farmer of Castle 25n. Rising, 37, 39; grain trade, 22; house in Tego (Tygo), John, draper of Lynn, 46n., Lynn, 51; lands, 51-52 and nn.; 48n. merchant’s mark, 33; owned Pigott’s Tego, John, tailor and shipowner of Lynn, house, 28, 51; wool-grower, 21, 49; 44, 45-46 and n. servants, 51 n. 141; and see Fincham Tellers Rolls, 15. family. Tewkesbury, battle (1471), 68, 71. Thoresby, Thomas, son of Thomas, 51-52, Thames, patrolling, 15. and n. 146. Thomson, Alan, ship owner, 25n. Thornton, Robert, and his books, 101-03. Thoresby chantry, 40, 52. Thurleby, John, controller of great and Thoresby College, Lynn, 51. petty custom, etc., 36 n. 72. Thoresby, Beatrice, daughter of Thomas, Tiptoft, John, earl of Worcester, treasurer wife of William Trewe and (2) William of England, 77, 79. Coningsby, 51, 52. Tolentis, Luca de, papal legate to the Thoresby, Beatrice, sister of Thomas, wife court of Burgundy, 9. of John Fincham of Fincham, 49 and n. Townshend, Roger, lawyer, 28 n. 37, 38 n. Thoresby, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas, 83. wife of Thomas Guybon, 51, 52. Towton, battle (1461), 68, 74. Thoresby, Elizabeth, widow of Thomas, trade and merchants, 87-90. 49, 51. Treherne, Philip, fishmonger of London, Thoresby, Elyn, daughter of Thomas, 51, 75. 52. Trewe, Robert, 52 n.

142 Index

Trewe, William, mayor of Lynn (1497) 52 Woodville, Anthony, lord Rivers, 37 n 77, and n. 144. 38 and n. 83, 42-43; lord Scales in right Trotte, John, chamberlain of Lynn, 39. of his wife, Elizabeth, lady Scales, 42 Turkey, 75. and n. Woodville, Richard, Earl Rivers, 71. Utrecht, treaty of, 24, 26. Woodville, Sir Edward, 13, 16. wool trade, 21 and n. 10, and see Pigott, Vaughan, Thomas, master of the Simon; wool staplers, see Holt, William, ordnance, 62, 63, 67, 69. Marowe, William, Tate, John. Vere, John de, 13th earl of Oxford, 36 n. Wright, Margaret, wife of Thomas, 48 and 70, 38 n. 83, 49. n. Vorsterman, Willem printer of Antwerp, 2. Wright, Thomas, dyer, mayor (1484-85, 1492-93), merchant and ship owner, of Waales (Wales, Warles), William, mayor, Lynn, 25 and n., 29, 39, 41, 42n., 44, merchant of Lynn, 25 and n., 26, 29. 45-47, 48 and n. Wakefield, battle of 1460, 68; manor court Wycliffite bible, 106-08. roll, 113-15. Wyth, Eudo, son of Philip, 27. Walsingham, Norf., 38, 41, 42. Wyth, Margaret, daughter of Philip, wife Walton, John, deputy butler, Lynn, 36 n. of John Lawney, 27. 72. Wyth, Margaret, widow of Philip, wife of , use of artillery, 61-70. Henry Lovelich, 27. Wash, the, Norf., 19, 20, 46. Wyth, Philip, of Lynn, 27. Wastell, John, mason, 41. Wyts, Eustace, bailiff of Damme, 8. Wavrin, Jean de, chronicler, 123. Waterman, John, merchant of Lynn, 31 n.; Yates, William, merchant of Lynn, 31 n, chamberlain, 43. 39. Wells, Norf., 20. Ycher, Thomas, serjeant at mace of Lynn, West Country, naval defence of, 14. 39. Westhorp, Edmund, mayor, merchant of Yne, William, weaver of Lynn, 48n. Lynn, 25 and n. 52 n. 148; alderman of York, 21, 108-09; castle works 1484, 23; Holy Trinity Guild, 39 n. 87. trade with Iceland, 32. Westminster, 44, 45; abbey, 74; hall, 72; York, Elizabeth of, daughter of Edward palace, 5, 56-58. IV, 58. Wey, William, pilgrim, 41. York, Margaret of, see Burgundy. Wiggenhall, Norf., 38 n. 83, 50. York, Richard, duke of (d. 1460), 38, 63, Wight, Isle of, threatened by the French, 68, 75; protector, 64-65. 62. York, Richard, duke of, son of Edward IV, Wilgrys, Richard, of Lynn, 47. 42; his wedding, 55-59 Williamson, John, surveyor of customs in Yorkshire, attacks by Hanse ships 1485-90, Lynn, etc., 37. 32. Wilson, William, porter, of Lynn, 45 n. 113. Zeeland, 21, 22; carrying trade, 22. Windsor Castle, works at 1484, 23; St George’s Chapel, 75. wine trade, 21-23; wine fleet 1483, 22-23.

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