DOCSLIB.ORG

Water Background Booklet-FINAL

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Water Background Booklet-FINAL Interesting Places to Visit An introduction to: To learn more about the places mentioned in this booklet, visit the North Mountain Park Nature Water of the Rogue Valley Center where the following Interpretive Cards are on display. North Mountain Park Nature Center North Mountain Park Nature Center A division of the Ashland Parks and Recreation Department 620 N Mountain Ave ~ Ashland, OR 541.488.6606 ~ www.northmountainpark.org 28 Version 1: April 2009 1940s: Ashland builds a secondary wastewater treatment plant. About this booklet 1950s: Passenger service discontinued between Portland and Ashland on the Southern Pacific Railroad. 1952: Concrete cover for Crowson Reservoir constructed to protect the purity of the This booklet is one piece of the North Mountain Park Nature Center’s interpretation of the use of stored water. Ashland City Council changes name of Reeder Gulch Dam to the local resources. The area represented by the term “local” includes the Rogue Valley of Earl Hosler Dam as Hosler retires. southwestern Oregon, with an emphasis on the Ashland area. 1955: USFS puts Ashland Creek Watershed under multiple use management. Roads constructed and logging operations continue until 1965. Flood. While every attempt has been made to ensure accuracy, this booklet is not meant to be a formal 1959: Bear Creek closed to water withdrawals due to over-appropriation. work but is rather to be used by educators and others seeking an introduction to the topic of local 1960 : Talent Project enlarged bringing Hyatt, Howard Prairie and Emigrant reservoirs water use. It is hoped that readers of this booklet will be inspired to use this information to help to current storage capacity. Mt. Ashland Ski Resort opens. make decisions that will enhance the livability of the Rogue Valley for both its people and its 1962: Flood Control Act authorizes construction of Lost Creek, Applegate and Elk wildlife now and into the future. Creek Dams. 1964: Water treatment plant updated to high rate filtration system and increased We invite any and all comments to this document, which will be updated periodically in an effort capacity to 8 million gallons per day. Flood. to reflect the most accurate information available. 1966: Ashland buys another large chunk of TID to augment Ashland’s supply during the summer months either by pumping it into the water treatment plant or by Special thanks to the following organizations and individuals who helped with research and releasing it into Ashland Creek. Reeder Gulch Reservoir dredged. 57,000 cubic supplying photographs and graphics: Southern Oregon Historical Society, Rogue Valley Council yards of silt had accumulated as a result of the 1964 flood. of Governments, Jackson County Parks and Recreation, City of Ashland Public Works Depart- 1971: Medford completes secondary wastewater treatment facility on Kirtland Road. ment, Medford City Councilor Ben Truwe, and Photographer Robert Mumby, and Photographer Ashland pumping station to carry TID water to the treatment plant below Hosler Morgan Cottle. Dam completed. 1972: Clean Water Act sets national water quality goals and addresses point and non- point pollution sources. Resultant monitoring shows Bear Creek has excessive fecal bacteria (indicating human/animal waste in the water), sediment, algae, low, erratic flows and high temperatures. Sources cited 1974: Flood knocks out water filtration plant in Ashland. 1977: Ashland purchases temporary pipeline and pumps to carry TID water to Atwood, Kay “Where Living Waters Flow: An Overview of Ashland’s Water Source,” 1998. treatment plant. Dittmer, Eric Document for the Bear Creek Valley Water Forum, January 2004. 1980s: Oregon, along with other states, prioritizes streams with excess nutrient levels. Reid, Ian “Summary of Changes in Fish Populations in the Bear Creek Watershed and Bear Creek selected for remediation. The Endangered Species Act raises aware- Contacts,” July 7, 2003. ness (and controversy) about certain declining species such as salmonids. Rogue Basin Coordinating Council 1990s: Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for nutrients established for Ashland and Emigrant Lake Resource Mgmt Plan BLM/Jackson Co. Parks agriculture by the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) to reduce algae RVCOG Bear Creek Watershed Riparian Planting Plan and increase dissolved oxygen. Local Agricultural Water Management Plan Fattig, Paul — Mail Tribune adopted. Ashland begins major upgrade of its treatment facility. Damian Mann — Mail Tribune, “Beyond Lithia Water” 1995: Renovation of Ashland’s Water Treatment Plant. 1997: Flood! Discussion of TAP line begins (water line intertie from Medford). Acknowledgements: This booklet was written and formatted by staff and contractors of the 2000s: Concerns raised about water imported from the Klamath Basin. Additional Ashland Parks and Recreation Department. TMDL’s are proposed for the entire Rogue River Basin that will further impact Bear Creek. 2 27 A Timeline of Local Historic Water Events Table of Contents 1851: First water right claimed in Oregon by Jacob Wagner on Wagner Creek in Talent. The Bear Creek Watershed .......................................................................................4-5 Gold discovered near Jacksonville. 1852: Abel Helman and Eber Emery arrive in Ashland, build sawmill on Ashland Creek. 1854: Hargadine Ditch constructed. Ashland’s flour mill constructed on Ashland Creek. Historic conditions of the Bear Creek Watershed ......................................................6-7 1856: Million Ditch constructed. Native Americans marched to reservation. 1858: Helman Ditch constructed. First people and their use of water ...............................................................................8 1859: Oregon becomes 33rd state. 1861: Ashland flood. Anderson Mining Ditch located. Trappers, miners & settlers enter the valley ..................................................................9 1864: Smith-Myer-Roper Ditch constructed. 1867: Ashland’s woolen mill constructed on Ashland Creek. Pioneer settlement brings new water needs...........................................................10-11 1874: Ashland’s poor sanitation and water shortages leads to town charter. 1885: Hydraulic mining operation begins work on Ashland Creek. Population growth and new water systems.................................................................12 1893: Creation of Ashland Forest Reserve to protect the city’s municipal water supply. 1887: Water-piping system for fire protection completed. Railroad reaches Ashland from north and south — golden spike driven in on April 16th. The arrival of water districts.......................................................................................13 1890: Ashland’s waterworks constructed - city piping system replaces old ditches, open reservoir on upper Granite Street, and electric power plant constructed. Ashland Local springs and mineral waters ..........................................................................14-15 becomes the first town in Jackson County to have electric power. 1899: Oregon passes a statewide ban on beaver trapping. Expanding and improving water delivery systems .................................................16-17 1904: Ashland city takes over power and light plant; city purchases water rights from flour mill and Iron Works. The valley’s water systems grow more complex .........................................................18 1905: Ashland Electric Power and Light Company shuts down their power plant. 1909: Ashland Municipal Electric Light plant opens. Dams and small reservoirs These same systems still exist today ...........................................................................19 constructed on the east and west forks of Ashland Creek to divert creek flow for power production and domestic use in the high elevation sections of the city. Water in the valley: too little vs. too much............................................................20-21 City purchases Anderson Mining Ditch. 1914: Passage of a bond issue designed to pipe Lithia water and other mineral waters into Lithia Park and the plaza. Salmon: concern for water quantity and quality ....................................................22-23 1923: Ashland City Council votes to acquire permanent stored water from the Talent Irrigation District (TID). Water quality issues today ....................................................................................24-25 1924: Contract for TID to construct Emigrant Dam and reservoir. 1927: Medford develops new domestic water supply in Big Butte Springs. Construction A timeline of local historic water events................................................................26-27 of Crowson Hill Reservoir. 1928: Hosler Dam constructed with the resulting Reeder Reservoir supplies Ashland Interesting places to visit............................................................................................28 with domestic water. 1929: City and Forest Service craft agree that Ashland Creek Watershed is to be protected and managed for domestic water use. Timber harvest halted. 26 3 Issue: Sedimentation The Bear Creek Watershed Sediments, or suspended particles, cloud the water and make it hard for fish and other aquatic organ- isms to obtain oxygen. Increased sedimentation comes from a variety of sources including hillside erosion from road building and use, development, and inputs from impervious surfaces such as parking lots, roads, and roofs. Solution: Since much of the problem is associated
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rogue River Watershed Council Bear Creek Working Group Monday, August 10, 2015 8:30 Am - 10:30 Am Conference Room 151, Lausmann Annex, City of Medford
    Rogue River Watershed Council Bear Creek Working Group Monday, August 10, 2015 8:30 am - 10:30 am Conference Room 151, Lausmann Annex, City of Medford MEETING MINUTES In attendance: Steve Mason, John Ward, Robert Coffan, Lori Tella, Natasche O’Brien Legg, Bob Jones, Ray Tharp, Eric Dittmer, Louise Shawkat, Ed Olson, Shane Jimerfield, Amie Martin Call to order: 8:40am by Working Group Chair, Steve Mason Rogue River Watershed Council Update Two new program managers have been hired: Donna Chickering and Sarah Sauter. Brian Barr has been busy out at Wimer and Fielder dams on Evans Creek. Removal of Wimer dam was completed and crews mobilized to Fielder dam downstream. Low flows in Evans Creek caused turbidity issues during the removal. The dams should be completely out by the end of August. Proposal from Lori Tella and Jennie Morgan As part of the merger, most of Bear Creek Watershed Council’s unrestricted funds moved into a “dedicated” fund, which restricts that money for use in the Bear Creek watershed. Bear Creek Watershed Education Partners (BCWEP) has historically run the Kids and Creeks event, with the Bear Creek Watershed Council as the major partner. The events offers an opportunity for people to learn about the Bear Creek watershed, contributing factors to water pollution, and see spawning salmon. The Rogue River Watershed Council (RRWC) would like to see the event continue, but BCWEP lost its funding for this year, so the RRWC would have to take the lead. Requested from the working group is approval to use a small portion of Bear Creek dedicated funds to help support the event.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Management and Conservation Plan March 2009
    Water Management and Conservation Plan March 2009 Water Management and Conservation Plan March 2009 CVO\082060036 Contents Section Page 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................1-1 Overview.....................................................................................................................1-1 Plan Organization ......................................................................................................1-3 Affected Local Governments....................................................................................1-3 Plan Update Schedule ...............................................................................................1-4 2 Water Supplier Description .............................................................................................2-1 Source ..........................................................................................................................2-1 Interconnections with Other Systems .....................................................................2-1 Intergovernmental Agreements...............................................................................2-2 Service Area Description...........................................................................................2-2 System Description ....................................................................................................2-5 Records of Water Use ................................................................................................2-8
    [Show full text]
  • MAY I 3 1997 National Park Service
    RECEIVED 22SO NFS Form 10-900 0MB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior MAY I 3 1997 National Park Service NA'I lO This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1, Name of Property sssssSi wU JUB a — —ssssaaBssssia a sssma jaasas asasasss historic name Reginald Parsons Dead Indian Lodge other names/site number Reginald Parsons Summer Cabin? Dead Indian Tree Farm street & number 21 miles east of Ashland on Hyatt Prairie Rd at milepost 4 not for publication N/A city or town Ashland_______________________________ vicinity X state Oregon_____________ code OR county Jackson code 029 zip code 97520 3* State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60.
    [Show full text]
  • Little Butte Creek Watershed Assessment
    Little Butte Creek Watershed Assessment Little Butte Creek Watershed Council August 2003 Abstract The Little Butte Creek Watershed Assessment has been prepared for the Little Butte Creek Watershed Council with funding from the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (OWEB). The Assessment was prepared using the guidelines set forth in the Governor’s Watershed Enhancement Board’s 1999 Oregon Watershed Assessment Manual. The purpose of this document is to assess the current conditions and trends of human caused and ecologic processes within the Little Butte Creek Watershed and compare them with historic conditions. Many important ecological processes within the watershed have been degraded over the last 150 years of human activity. This Assessment details those locations and processes that are in need of restoration as well as those that are operating as a healthy system. The Assessment was conducted primarily at the 5th field watershed level, that of the entire Little Butte Creek Watershed. List and describe field watershed levels below. Where possible, the analyses was refined to the smaller 6th field watershed level, thirteen of which exist within the Little Butte Creek Watershed. The assessment also notes gaps in data and lists recommendations for future research and data collection. It is intended that this document, and the Little Butte Creek Watershed Action Plan be used as guides for future research and watershed protection and enhancement over the next decade. The document was developed using existing data. No new data was collected for this project. Where data was lacking, it was detailed for future work and study. Acknowledgements This assessment was compiled and written by Steve Mason.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Rogue Watershed Assessment
    Upper Rogue Watershed Assessment Chapter 1 Introduction and Watershed Overview TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION AND WATERSHED OVERVIEW...................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 1.2 The Players .....................................................................................................................1 1.3 Approach.........................................................................................................................2 1.4 Historical Background ...................................................................................................3 1.5 General Overview ...........................................................................................................5 1.5.1 Trail Creek Subwatershed .....................................................................................6 1.5.2 Elk Creek Subwatershed .......................................................................................7 1.5.3 Upper Rogue River Subwatershed........................................................................9 1.5.4 South Fork Rogue River Subwatershed..............................................................11 1.5.5 Big Butte Creek Subwatershed ...........................................................................12 1.5.6 Lost Creek Lake Subwatershed ..........................................................................14 1.5.7 Shady Cove
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Flow of the Upper Klamath River
    Natural Flow of the Upper Klamath River U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation November 2005 Mission Statements The mission of the Department of the Interior is to protect and provide access to our Nation’s natural and cultural heritage and honor our trust responsibilities to Indian Tribes and our commitments to island communities. The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. Cover photo by J. Rasmussen— McCornac Point Marsh Natural Flow of the Upper Klamath River—Phase I Natural inflow to, natural losses from, and natural outfall of Upper Klamath Lake to the Link River and the Klamath River at Keno prepared by Technical Service Center Water Resources Services Thomas Perry, Hydrologist Amy Lieb, Hydrologist Alan Harrison, Environmental Engineer Mark Spears, P.E., Hydraulic Engineer Ty Mull, Agricultural Engineer Concrete Dams and Waterways Elisabeth Cohen, P.E., Hydraulic Engineer Klamath Basin Area Office John Rasmussen, Hydrologist Jon Hicks, Water Conservation Specialist TSC Project Management Del Holz, Manager Joe Lyons, Assistant Manager prepared for U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Klamath Basin Area Office Klamath Falls, Oregon November 2005 Base map and study area. Preface This study was undertaken to estimate the effects of agricultural development on natural flows in the Upper Klamath River Basin. A large body of data was reviewed and analyzed to obtain the results included in this assessment of the natural hydrology of the Basin. Within this report, the term natural represents typical flows without agricultural development in the basin.
    [Show full text]
  • OREGON (L/)Hat I/ No One Rcmcmbcrcrl, , , the Heritage Circle Will Ensure They Do
    OREGON (l/)hat i/ no one rcmcmbcrcrl, , , The Heritage Circle will ensure they do. elp keep history alive by becoming a member of the Heritage Circle. Make a tax-advantaged bequest to the Southern Oregon Historical Society Foundation. To include the Society Foundation in your will, consult your attorney or financial advisor. The description of our organization is: The Southern Oregon Historical Society Foundation, which is an Oregon non-profit tax-exempt corporation located in Jackson County, Oregon. For information on how to become a member of the Heritage Circle please contact Executive Director Brad Linder, (541) 773-6536. tf~~ SOUTHERN 1111 OREGON 1111 HISTORY 1111 CENTER Southern Oregon Historical Society Foundation • 106 N. Central, Medford, OR 97501 Vo1.4, No.I • The Magazine of the Southern Oregon Historical Society • 1998 FEATURES "The Sanctuary Still Sings" 4 by john Howard Pofahl A History of Ashland's Old Pink Church "Restoring Tradition: Hannah Pottery 1 Q Returns to the Rogue Valley" by Shawn Davis "A Mountain Spring in Every Home" by William Alley 14 Cover photo: Colorized photo of Hodges Family out for a fall day of sport. Gold Hill. Circa 1915. See Snapshots p. 34 "Sister Harriet" for more. compiled by J. Richard Collins 16 The Life of Missionary Harriet Diantha Baldwin Cooley "Horace Bromley and the 2 6 DEPARTMENTS Copco Current Events Newsreels" by William Alley 32 COLLECTIONS HIGHLIGHTS WWI Remembered Horace Bromley, Copco's cameraman, got his start in Marketing at Kentner's department store, 34 SNAPSHOTS The Sporting Life 36 FROM THE ARCHIVES Mining Map 38 NEWS AND NOTES Society Facts and Fun 39 IN CLOSING Notes from the Editor Southern Oregon Historical Society Administrative Staff Staff: ogmphers.
    [Show full text]
  • Big Butte Springs and Robert A. Duff Water Treatment Plant Facility Plan December 2016 FINAL REPORT
    Big Butte Springs and Robert A. Duff Water Treatment Plant Facility Plan December 2016 FINAL REPORT Big Butte Springs and Robert A. Duff Water Treatment Plant Facility Plan Prepared for: Medford Water Commission December 2016 1100 NE Circle Blvd Suite 300 Corvallis, OR 97330-3538 Executive Summary Introduction The Big Butte Springs and Duff Water Treatment Facility Plan describes current and projected needs, and lists recommended capital improvements for Medford Water Commission’s two drinking water supply systems, the Big Butte Springs (BBS) and the Rogue River/Duff Water Treatment Plant (WTP). The plan was prepared in parallel to the 2016 Distribution System Facility Plan and the 2016 Water Management and Conservation Plan. This plan builds on and updates the 2008 Robert A. Duff Water Treatment Plant Facility Plan. MWC’s Big Butte Springs (BBS) supplies up to 26.4 million gallons per day (mgd) of drinking water. The water from the springs, collected in sub-surface spring boxes, is of high quality and requires only chlorination treatment. The cost-effectiveness of the supply is further enhanced by its gravity flow to the city; energy is often a major cost component for water utilities and the BBS supply has low energy requirements. MWC’s second supply is from the Rogue River. Water is withdrawn from the river near Table Rock Road and pumped to the Duff WTP where it is treated through a number of process steps and then pumped to the city. The existing plant is labeled as Duff No. 1; a second plant will eventually be added next to it, and is labeled Duff No.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Streamflow Records in Rogue River Basin, Oregon
    GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 187 \ EVALUATION OF STREAMFLOW RECORDS IN ROGUE RIVER BASIN, OREGON B!y Donald Rkhaideon UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 187 EVALUATION OF STREAMFLOW RECORDS IN ROGUE RIVER BASIN, OREGON By Donald Richardson Washington, D. C., 1952 Free on application to the Geological Surrey, Washington 25, D. C. ' CONTENTS Page Page Abstract................................. 1 Syllabus of gaging-stations records--Con. Introduction............................. 1 Gaging-station records-Continued Purpose and Scope...................... 1 Rogue River Continued Acknowledgments........................ 1 Little Butte Creek at Lake Creek... 25 Physical features- of the basin........... 2 Little Butte Creek above Eagle Utilization of water in the basin........ 2 Point............................ 25 Water resources data for Rogue River basin 5 Little Butte Creek near Eagle Streamflow records ..................... 5 Point............................ 25 Storage reservoirs..................... 6 Little Butte Creek below Eagle Adequacy of data....................... 6 Point............................ 26 Syllabus of gaging-station records....... 13 Emigrant Creek (head of Bear Creek) Explanation of data .................... 13 near Ashland..................... 27 Gaging-station records................. 13 Emigrant Creek below Walker Creek, Rogue River above Bybee Creek........ 13 near Ashland..................... 28 Rogue River above
    [Show full text]
  • Water Quality of Bear Creek Basin, Jackson County, Oregon
    Water Quality of Bear Creek Basin, Jackson County, Oregon By Loren A. Wittenberg and Stuart W. McKenzie U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 80-158 Prepared in cooperation with the Rogue Valley Council of Governments and the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality 1980 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CECIL D. ANDRUS, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY H. William Menard, Director For additional information write to: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY P. 0. Box 3202 Portland, Oregon 97208 Contents Page Conversion factors -------------------------------------------------------- Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PART I - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------- 5 Identified water uses in Bear Creek basin---------------------------- 6 Water-quality standards----------------------------------------- 6 Reference levels------------------------------------------------ 9 Water-quality problems in Bear Creek basin--------------------------- 10 Irrigation-water assessment----------------------------------------------- n On-farm use---------------------------------------------------------- 11 Pastures-------------------------------------------------------- 12 Cultivated orchards --------------------------------------------- 14 Row crops------------------------------------------------------- 14 Irrigation-cana1-and-stream system------------- -------------------- 14 Talent Irrigation District--------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • A Historical View of the Medford Water Commission
    A Historical View of the Medford Water Commission When, What & Why Board of Water Commissioners Study Session November 6, 2013 Credits: Materials utilized for this presentation included the following: Medford Water Commission archives Research conducted by the Southern Oregon Historical Society Web site on Medford water prepared by Ben Truwe (http://id.mind.net/~truwe/tina/water.html ) The Early Years Medford incorporated as a town in 1885; water from wells initially adequate As town grew, more and deeper wells were dug, with little success By 1888, no choice but to seek more water . Town lacked protection from fire – huge risk . Deal to build flour mill fell through because lack of water Town built diversion dam on Bear Creek 2.5 miles upstream; open ditch dug to town Water from Bear Creek Initial glee at completion of the ditch: “The water ditch has been completed, and the water was turned on for the first time Wednesday. This is a valuable improvement for the town and one that will be of great benefit.” (Ashland Tidings, May 24, 1889) July 1, 1889: citizens (population 1000 +/-) vote on $20,000 bond to construct water works (2013 equivalent: $500,000) 1890 – Two redwood tanks (32,000 gallons each) built next to Alba Park, fed by water from ditch Water from Bear Creek, cont. Marginal water quality worsened as ditch passed by barnyards in path to town “The water will be carried in pipes all over the city for fire and irrigating purposes only, as the water is not fit for domestic purposes. The town is to be congratulated on its providing means by which it can be guarded against fire.” (Oregonian, April 8, 1890) 1902 – Ditch abandoned; pumping station built on Bear Creek and pipelines installed to redwood tanks .
    [Show full text]
  • Klum Landing Campground Improvement Project Draft
    Draft Environmental Assessment Klum Landing Campground Improvement Project Jackson County, Oregon U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Department of the Interior Lead Agency Cooperating Agency Bureau of Reclamation Bureau of Land Mangament Pacific Northwest Region Medford District Office Lower Columbia Area Office Medford, Oregon Portland, Oregon November 2008 U.S. Department of the Interior The mission of the Department of the Interior is to protect and provide access to our Nation’s natural and cultural heritage and honor our trust responsibilities to Indian tribes and our commitments to island communities. Mission of the Bureau of Reclamation The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. Draft Klum Landing Campground Improvement Project EA TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Location and Background ....................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose and Need.................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Authority ................................................................................................................. 3 1.4 Scoping.................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Related
    [Show full text]