QAHN CELEBRATES MONTREAL’S 375TH WITH THE FHQ $10 Quebec

VOL 11, NO. 3 SUMMER 2017 HeritageNews

Water, Water Everywhere Montreal’s Reservoirs and Pumping Stations The Lodges of Pontiac An Inside Look at the Orange Order Mille-Iles Tragedy Adele Bidwell’s Burden and Late-life Consolation QUEBEC HERITAGE NEWS

Quebec CONTENTS HeritageNews EDITOR Editor’s Desk 3 RODERICK MACLEOD 150 ways to kill a party Rod MacLeod PRODUCTION DAN PINESE; MATTHEW FARFAN Letter 9 Of time and the river Beverly Prud’homme PUBLISHER QUEBEC ANGLOPHONE Reforming the Reform 10 HERITAGE NETWORK A call for a new inclusive history curriculum Com-ECH Quebec 400-257 QUEEN STREET SHERBROOKE, QUEBEC Volunteering Matters 11 J1M 1K7 Microvolunteering: think minutes, not years Heather Darch PHONE 1-877-964-0409 Stuart Bidwell and the St. Rose Boat Club 12 (819) 564-9595 Wes Darou FAX (819) 564-6872 2017 Joint QAHN-FHQ Convention a Success 14 CORRESPONDENCE Matthew Farfan [email protected] WEBSITES The “English” Tour 18 QAHN.ORG Convention delegates visit overlooked Montreal sites Rod MacLeod QUEBECHERITAGEWEB.COM 100OBJECTS.QAHN.ORG What Lurks Below: Montreal Under the Ground 20 Part 2: Transporting water Sandra Stock PRESIDENT SIMON JACOBS The Sash Our Ancestors Wore 23 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR The Orangemen of Pontiac Gloria Tubman MATTHEW FARFAN PROJECT DIRECTOR, “DREAM” Prohibition in the Eastern Townships 28 DWANE WILKIN Part 3: Women and children Phil Rich RESEARCH DIRECTOR, “DREAM” HEATHER DARCH The Rebellion That Succeeded 29 BOOKKEEPER Part 1: September 8, 1836 Joseph Graham MARION GREENLAY

Quebec Heritage News is published quarterly by QAHN with the support of the Department of Canadian Heritage. QAHN is a non-profit and non-partisan organization whose mission is to help advance knowledge of the history and culture of the English-speaking communities of Quebec.

Annual Subscription Rates: Individual: $30.00; Institutional: $40.00; Family: $40.00; Student: $20.00. Canada Post Publication Mail Agreement Number 405610004. Cover photo: The Masonic Temple, Sherbrooke Street, Montreal. Photo: Matthew Farfan.

ISSN 17707-2670 PRINTED IN CANADA

2 SUMMER 2017

EDITOR’S DESK 150 ways to kill a party by Rod MacLeod

nce, in the dim recesses of ent incidents from the past as examples ebrating at our sesquicentennial party. time, in the even dimmer re- of individual heroism or entrepreneur- And so, in the spirit of the slightly cesses of a late-1970s college ship that are somehow typically, even drunk and moderately pathetic party dorm party, I stood about uniquely, Canadian. The Battle of the pooping of my misspent youth, I will Owith two other somewhat pickled chaps: Plains of Abraham, for example, is less step back from today’s equivalent of the we swayed rhythmically to the room’s important as a regime-changing incident disco beat and strobe lighting and try to booming disco beat, absently peeling the in the Seven Years War than as an exam- pop a few balloons. Again, this should labels off our beers and making what we ple of the cliff-climbing stamina and not be seen as mean-spirited. Indeed, it imagined were smart remarks. It was strategic ingenuity that has supposedly comes from a genuine belief that learn- clear to us, mostly because we were too shaped the Canadian character. As a his- ing from one’s mistakes is the best way shy to dance, that this was a pretty poor torian, I object to this relentless mutual to learn, and that admitting that one was party. As the evening wore on, and we back patting. It’s not that we shouldn’t wrong is a major step on the road to wis- continued to chain-peel our way through feel good about ourselves; indeed, Cana- dom. fresh stubbies fished from the vast icy Besides, it’s a challenge: find as tub at the edge of the makeshift dance many sobering events in our history as floor, we consoled ourselves by imagin- there are candles on the cake. One for ing various ways that an event such as each year, no more no less. I should this could be brought to a halt. This ex- point out that many of these events are ercise, less mean-spirited than it might actually positive developments, but are sound in retrospect, led to our gleefully sobering in that they underscore how setting ourselves the challenging (given long it took for us to get to a more posi- our lack of sobriety) task of identifying tive point. It’s also true that one person’s “101 ways to kill a party.” The list in- gain can be another’s loss, and vice ver- cluded such gems as cutting a slow leak sa; generally, if an event brought a de- in the beer tub, spreading rumours about gree of disruption, it made the cut. For a surprise pop quiz early the next morn- those who don’t agree with my choices, ing, and setting off a stink bomb. Pathet- do feel free to suggest your own. ic, yes – but the game cheered us up and kept us out of trouble. *** Four decades later I find myself in the midst of another party, albeit one on 1867 Jefferson Davis, ex-president of a much larger scale and with much more the Confederate States of (or perhaps less) at stake than a chance America, comes with his family to work up a sweat “Stayin’Alive” under to live in Montreal and the strobe lights with the wannabe dians have probably spent far too much Lennoxville. Large numbers Blondies. This year, we celebrate our na- time not feeling good about themselves. cheer his arrival. tion’s sesquicentennial – a most worthy The problem with doing so in such a objective, as many countries don’t make rah-rah essentialist way is that we start 1968 Thomas Darcy-McGee it anything like that far. accepting the implication that being a assassinated by Fenians who The operative word, however, is hero is key to being Canadian. Heroes feel he has betrayed the Irish cause. “celebrate.” Not, as many of us in the don’t fail. Sure, they work hard at sur- History/Heritage field have noticed late- mounting great obstacles, but a lot of 1869 Quebec Education Act consoli- ly, “commemorate.” The onus is on feel- people work really hard and they don’t dates the Protestant and ing good, not on remembering. On bal- succeed, or they barely get by. What’s Catholic monopoly on public loons, not on social and political turning wrong with them? The Story of Us education, leaving no room for points. avoids asking that question by hammer- people of other religious What we get by way of official his- ing home the rather dubious message backgrounds. tory is a television series that has caused that by being Canadian we are all ipso widespread disappointment and even of- facto heroic. When there was earth to 1870 Recruits from across Quebec fence for its gaps and oversights. Even plough or guns to bear we were always join the Papal Zouaves, more irritating, in my view, is that The there on the job – because we’re Canadi- Catholic shock troops in the Story of Us went out of its way to pres- ans. It is this, apparently, that we are cel- battle against Italian

3 John Wilson Bengough,"Whither are we drifting?", 1886. McCord Museum, M994X.5.273.73. QUEBEC HERITAGE NEWS

fighting in Montreal, provoking provincial government in a widespread violence. Quebec outraged by the hanging of Louis Riel. 1878 Governor General Lord Dufferin spearheads the 1888 Fire destroys the town of Hull, restoration of the Quebec City later to become part of the fortifications, ironically giving National Capital Region. a distinctive “French” look to what would become La 1889 Royal Commission on the Capitale Nationale. Relations between Capital and Labour issues a report outlining 1879 National Policy implemented, the shocking working solidifying a spirit of conditions of Canada’s poor. protectionism that would colour Canadian economic policy for 1890 Public funding of Catholic decades. schools terminated in Manitoba.

1880 St. Jean Baptiste Society 1891 First Springhill Mining Unification. Many return home anthem “O Canada!” sung on Disaster: 125 Nova Scotian ready to advance the cause of June 24, Saint-Jean-Baptiste miners die in an underground Ultramontanism. Day, on the Plains of Abraham. explosion. The song’s lyrics and meaning 1871 Former rebel leader and would be debated ever since. 1892 Canada’s first Quebec-born long-time speaker of the House Prime Minister, John Abbott, is of Assembly Louis-Joseph 1881 Fire destroys over 600 homes the first of four men to fill this Papineau dies. in the Saint-Jean Baptiste position over a five-year period neighbourhood in Quebec City. following the death of John A. 1872 Nine Hour Movement sweeps Macdonald, weakening the Canada’s labour force in a 1882 Archbishop Taschereau Conservative party’s image. (failed) attempt to secure a opposes the policy of obliging shorter working day. staff at Laval University to 1893 National Council of Women of declare themselves against Canada founded to promote the 1873 Pacific Scandal exposes liberalism. status of women but not to widespread federal government advocate political suffrage. corruption and forces the 1883 First Winter Carnival held in resignation of John A. Montreal, though the choice of 1894 “Outlaw of Megantic” Donald Macdonald. its location (Dominion Square) Morrison dies shortly after his divides citizens along ethnic release from prison, having 1874 Introduction of the secret ballot lines. become a folk hero in the in Canadian elections and the Eastern Townships for his abolition of the property 1884 Pacific Northwest First Nations unjust treatment at the hands of qualification to vote. Potlatch ceremony banned by landowners and authorities. the federal government as a 1875 The body of Joseph Guibord is non-Christian and potentially 1895 Monuments erected to John A finally allowed to be buried in a disruptive practice. The ban Macdonald in Montreal’s Catholic cemetery after several was not lifted until 1951. Dominion Square and to violent clashes and years of litigation due to his former 1885 Smallpox epidemic in Montreal membership in the Institut kills over 3,000 people and Canadien. divides society along ethnic lines over the question of 1876 Indian Act passed, regulating vaccination. the social and political life of Canada’s First Nations, 1886 Famine riots in Paspébiac on including the expansion of the Gaspé coast suppressed by residential schools. a local militia.

1877 Orangeman Thomas Lett 1887 The Parti National under Hackett is killed amid street Honoré Mercier forms the

Top: The 12 of July Riot: the Murder of Hackett. Bottom: Donald Morrison’s Gravestone. Photo: http://100objects.qahn.org. Canadian Illustrated News, July 21, 1877. 4 SUMMER 2017

Maisonneuve in Place Frederick Soddy publish d’Armes. These statues mark “Theory of Atomic competing visions of “founding Disintegration” based on their fathers” in contested urban work splitting the atom at spaces. McGill University.

1896 Klondike Gold Rush begins, 1903 Legislation equates Quebec’s the result of newspaper-induced Jews and Protestants “for hysteria. school purposes.” Protestant school authorities remain 1897 Edward James Flynn defeated unwilling to interpret this to in a provincial election, the last mean that Jews may sit on Anglophone to serve as Quebec school boards. to the climate and requirements premier (if you don’t count the of Canada” despite a three Johnsons or Charest). 1904 Association catholique de la centuries’ presence here. jeunesse canadienne-française 1898 Quebec Boundaries founded to promote traditional 1912 Regulation 17 limits the use of Extension Act extends Catholic values in Quebec French in Ontario schools. Quebec’s boundaries to include against a background of rising Henri Bourassa warns that the traditional Cree territory. immigration. “Prussians are next door.”

1899 Canada sends troops to South 1905 Sarah Bernhardt appears on 1913 Lawyer Samuel Jacobs and Africa to help expand British stage in Quebec City, during others launch libel suit against territory. War divides which she criticizes the power Jacques-Edouard Plamondon Canadians, and recruitment of the Catholic Church, to for defamation of the Jewish reveals a stunning lack of much dismay. community. The case is fitness among soldiers. rejected on the grounds that 1906 Gabriel Dumont, effective only individuals may be defamed. 1900 “Canada’s Century” (as leader of the 1885 North-West predicted by Wilfrid Laurier Rebellion, dies. 1914 Empress of Ireland sinks in the four years later) begins. Gulf of St Lawrence. Over 1907 Anti-Oriental Riots in 1,000 drowned. 1901 Montreal Light, Heat and Vancouver’s Chinatown destroy Power Company created by much property. 1915 Canadian forces take part in merging several smaller many key battles, including the companies. A symbol of 1908 On the Champ de Mars in Second Battle of Ypres, which Anglophone dominance of Montreal, Laval University sees extensive use of poison gas. Quebec’s natural resources, it is students clash with 10,000 nationalized in 1944 and then socialist workers during the 1916 Parliament buildings’ Centre again in 1963. May Day parade. Block burns down, leaving only the library at the rear. 1902 Ernest Rutherford and 1909 Tuberculosis epidemic prompts creation of the Royal Edward 1917 Wartime Elections Act gives Institute in Montreal as a the vote to women who were tuberculosis dispensary. King related to soldiers serving Edward opens the hospital overseas and disenfranchises telegraphically from England. conscientious objectors and “enemy aliens” (mostly Eastern 1910 Notary Jacques-Edouard European immigrants). Plamondon gives an anti- semitic speech in Quebec City 1918 The “Spanish” Flu, brought to the Association catholique de home by returning soldiers, la jeunesse canadienne- kills nearly 50,000 Canadians, française, leading to anti- decimating families and Jewish violence. devastating entire communities.

1911 Immigration Act amended to 1919 Winnipeg General Strike is limit those of the “Negro race,” suppressed by Royal Northwest which was deemed “unsuitable Mounted Police, but galvanizes

Top: Street in Ypres, July 1916. Bottom: "Nanuk (White Bear), Port Harrison, Quebec, about 1920,” by Photo: Library and Archives Canada MIKAN no. 3403739. 5 Samuel Herbert Coward. Photo: McCord Museum, MP-1976.26.54. QUEBEC HERITAGE NEWS

1926 Legislation in Quebec requires the crowd, injuring hundreds. milk to be pasteurized, marking 1936 Montrealers Norman Bethune and a major improvement in Hazen Sise travel to Spain after the sanitation and reversal of high outbreak of civil war to provide a infant mortality. mobile blood transfusion service to the Republican side. Many oppose 1927 Montreal’s Laurier Palace even voluntary participation in this theatre fire kills 78 children. controversial war. Subsequently, children under 16 are prohibited from going to 1937 Union Nationale government of the movies. Maurice Duplessis passes the Padlock Law allowing police to 1928 Rockhead’s Paradise opens on close down any premises thought Saint-Antoine Street in to be advocating social radicalism. Montreal, one of the centres of Sin City in the 1920s-1950s 1938 Vincent Massey, Canada’s High period. Commissioner in London, recommends that Canada take in 1929 Privy Council rules that women no Jewish refugees, as this would are allowed to be senators and encourage antisemitism. labour and other left-wing therefore are “persons.” political movements. 1939 Members of the “Mackenzie- 1930 Hundreds of unemployed men Papineau Battalion” of the 1920 Prohibition in the United States demonstrating in front of International Brigades fighting makes fortunes for Canadian Montreal’s City Hall are fascism in Spain return to political bootleggers, particularly in violently dispersed by police, ignominy and RCMP persecution. Quebec where Prohibition had who label them “communists.” essentially been rejected. 1940 Women are granted the right to (Other provinces implemented 1931 Beauharnois Scandal reveals vote in provincial elections in it briefly.) political influence peddling by Quebec, one of a series of reforms Beauharnois Light, Heat & initiated by the new Godbout 1921 Victoria, B.C., creates a Power, which was subsequently government. segregated school for Chinese bought out by Montreal Light, students. Heat & Power. 1941 Walkout by hundreds of Alcan workers in Arvida, Quebec, who 1922 American documentary 1932 League for Social Reconstruction are accused of being war Nanook of the North depicts established in Montreal by saboteurs. Inuit life in a manner that, intellectuals hoping to promote a despite some controversy, drew socialist response to the Great 1942 Canadians participate attention to the cultural Depression. disproportionately in the planning distinctiveness of this people. and launching of the raid on 1933 First Dominion Drama Festival Dieppe, France, which ends in 1923 Chinese Immigration Act held in Ottawa as a celebration and severely restricts immigration promotion of Canadian Theatre, from China. albeit with a distinct Anglo- Protestant flavour that discouraged 1924 Four thousand women in many. Quebec City protest cinema theatre and cinema posters, 1934 Christian National Socialist Party which they find too suggestive. founded in Montreal. It would later merge with other Canadian fascist 1925 Prime Minister Mackenzie parties. King loses the federal election but clings to power against the 1935 On-to-Ottawa Trek rallies wishes of Governor General unemployed workers in relief Lord Byng, provoking the camps throughout Western Canada “King-Byng Affair” – much to in a cross-country march to protest the amusement of later students living conditions. The Trek ends in of Canadian history. Regina when the RCMP attacks

Top: Advertising for Fred Rose for the June 11, 1945, Bottom: The Right Honorable Vincent Massey. Photo: www.gg.ca. Canadian federal election. Photo: www.imjm.ca. 6 SUMMER 2017

failure and the deaths of over 900 Pierre Trudeau, who defend the Canadians. workers.

1943 Fred Rose, running for the Labour- 1950 Paul-Émile Léger becomes Progressive Party (the pen name of Archbishop of Montreal, and will the banned Communist Party), be a rare force for liberal thinking wins a by-election in the riding of among the Catholic clergy, open to Cartier, making him Canada’s first ideas such as birth control, communist MP. religious tolerance, and social activism at the time of the Second 1944 Co-operative Commonwealth Vatican Council and the Quiet Federation wins the provincial Revolution. election in Saskatchewan. Tommy Douglas becomes North America’s 1951 Report of the Massey Commission first “socialist” leader, striking fear depicts Canada as a cultural in many hearts. wasteland and recommends government investment in the arts, 1945 Ottawa Soviet embassy clerk Ivor despite a widespread prejudice with the construction of the Gouzenko defects and reveals an against this practice, which is Seaway. Upper Canada Village extensive Russian spy ring, associated with totalitarianism. emerges (figuratively) from the launching the Cold War. deluge. 1952 Immigration Act prohibits 1946 Dominion Textile plant strike in homosexuals and drug addicts 1959 The Apprenticeship of Duddy Valleyfield sees union leader from entering the country. Kravitz is published, putting Saint- Madeleine Parent defend over Urbain Street on the map – much 3,000 workers. 1953 “Now is the winter of our to the consternation of Montreal’s discontent,” lines spoken by Alec Jewish community. Mordecai 1947 Decision to segregate Jewish Guinness on a hot summer day, Richler would also prove a thorn in students by the Outremont mark the opening of the Stratford the flesh of Quebec nationalism. Protestant school trustees prompts Shakespeare Festival, created in an inquiry by the Quebec the wake of the Massey 1960 Quebec Premier Paul Sauvé dies Federation of Home and School Commission’s conclusion that shaking hands with constituents, Associations, which recommends Canada had no decent cultural creating a leadership vacuum a neutral and democratic school production. within the Untion Nationale party system for Quebec. and ensuring a Liberal victory in 1954 Canada participates in the war in the July provincial election. The 1948 Paul-Émile Borduas and dozens of Indochina (later Vietnam), but then Quiet Revolution ends La Grande other artists sign the Refus Global, pulls back, preferring to make Noirceur. calling for artistic freedom in Quebec. money off the war by arms sales. 1961 Office de la langue française 1949 Miners’ strike in Asbestos pits 1955 Riots in Montreal over the created to improve the quality of [sic] the Union Nationale suspension of Maurice Richard French spoken in Quebec. Its government against Gerard reflect deep ethnic prejudices. mandate would later be expanded Pelletier, Jean Marchand and to include promoting French and 1956 Canadian Labour Congress monitoring the use of other formed out of a merger of smaller languages. unions. Modern labour relations will be based on negotiations 1962 Viger Commission established to between governments or study the future of Montreal’s corporation and huge, well- dilapidated old town. The organized workers’ institutions. commission’s designation of Old Montreal as a heritage zone would 1957 Ewan Cameron begins mind set the tone for heritage control experiments at the Allan conservation in Canada. Memorial Hospital, sponsored by the CIA. 1963 Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism 1958 The Lost Villages along the established, which would reveal a St. Lawrence River are submerged significant under-representation of

Bottom: "Dr. D. Ewan Cameron," by Notman & Sons, 1945. Top: The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz (First Edition). 7 Rare Books and Special Collections, McGill University Library. Photo: McCord Museum, II-333895. QUEBEC HERITAGE NEWS

French in most cultural and social 1970 War Measures Act is implemented areas. The notion of Canada’s “two for the first and (so far) only time founding peoples” developed from during peacetime, in response to the commission’s findings. the Front de libération du Québec’s kidnapping of James Cross and 1964 Quebec’s Bill 69 brings sweeping murder of Pierre Laporte (the reforms to public education, October Crisis). including the long-awaited creation of a Ministry of 1971 Conrad Black (with two partners) Education. As in other areas, purchases the Sherbrooke Record, centralization proved a mixed launching a career as a media blessing. mogul and marking a trend towards monopolies in media 1965 U.S. President Lyndon Johnson ownership. grabs Canadian Prime Minister Lester Pearson by the collar and 1972 Bill 71 democratizes school boards tells him not to “piss on my rug!” – in Montreal and Quebec City, a reference to Pearson’s criticism which hitherto were unelected and build a public transit connection to of the Vietnam War. unrepresentative. the city, and the decline of the Montreal area as a transport hub, 1966 Quebec’s Dow Brewery closes 1973 Montreal’s Van Horne mansion make the airport a “white after 16 people die, reputedly after demolished despite much elephant” and it is discontinued. drinking Dow beer. The next day, organized public protest and the Dow Planetarium opens in protective legislation in place to 1980 First Quebec Referendum’s “No” Montreal. prevent the loss of built heritage. vote seems to end sovereigntists’ aspirations. 1967 Expo. (Nothing kills a party like 1974 Bill 22 makes French the official the memory of a better party.) language of Quebec and restricts 1981 Operation Soap sees hundreds of access by immigrants to English arrests of men at Toronto 1968 Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau’s schools. bathouses and leads to widespread reform of the Criminal Code protests in favour of gay rights. makes many fundamental 1975 Seven-month-long strike at the freedoms legal for the first time, Asbestos mines in Thetford Mines, 1982 After Quebec Premier René including abortion, the possession Quebec, over poor working Lévesque is stabbed in the back of contraceptives, and homosexual sex. conditions. It is revealed that over (not literally) by other premiers, half the workers were suffering the Canadian constitution is 1969 John Lennon and Yoko Ono hold a from Asbestosis. repatriated without the “Bed-in” in several rooms on the endorsement of Quebec, leading to Queen Elizabeth Hotel’s 17th floor 1976 Montreal holds the Summer long constitutional battles. in Montreal, infuriating the Olympic Games despite serious American government, which had cost overruns and administrative 1983 Canada goes metric, facilitating prohibited Lennon from entering scandals. communication with the rest of the the United States. world except for the U.S., its 1977 Charter of the French Language largest trading partner. implemented, curtailing the public use of languages other than French 1984 Gunman opens fire in the National and limiting the ability of many Assembly, killing 3 and wounding 13. families to send their children to school in English. 1985 Indian Act is amended to grant “Equal Rights for Native Women” 1978 Sun Life head office moves from after long campaign by Mary Two- Montreal to Toronto, marking the Axe Early. exodus of many corporations from Quebec. 1986 Jean Doré elected mayor of Montreal after the 26-year reign of 1979 Mirabel International Airport Jean Drapeau, promising (and completes negotiations over land arguably not delivering) urban and expropriations four years after the political reforms. airport opens. Debts, the failure to

Top:"O.K. Everybody take a valium!,” by Aislin, 1976. Bottom: "Montreal's Olympic Stadium resembles a white McCord Museum, P090-A_50-1004. 8 elephant," by Aislin, 1996. McCord Museum, M2006.143.19. SUMMER 2017

1987 Anthony Griffin, a Black teenager, 1998 Ice storm causes devastation and destroy the Registry. is shot by police while in custody, temporary homelessness across triggering widespread protests and southern Quebec and eastern Ontario. 2011 Charbonneau Commission an inquiry into relations between 1999 Murdochville Mine in the Gaspé established to inquire into Montreal’s police and racial minorities. peninsula closes after 46 years in corruption in the Quebec operation. The community shrinks. construction industry. 1988 Supreme Court strikes down Canada’s abortion law on the 2000 Death of former prime minister 2012 Quebec Student strike (the “Maple grounds that it conflicted with Pierre Trudeau. Spring”) disrupts Montreal and di women’s rights. vides Quebec society. 2001 Summit of the Americas held in 1989 14 women are murdered at Quebec City, where a high fence 2013 Quebec government under Pauline the Ecole polytechnique de was built to keep waves of Marois proposes the Charter of Montréal by a gunman denouncing protesters out. Despite this, teargas Quebec Values prohibiting public feminism. is used to dispel crowds. sector workers from wearing religious symbols in an effort to 1990 Mohawks of Kanesatake block the 2002 Concern over climate change keep the state “neutral.” highway near Oka, protesting the prompts Canada to sign the Kyoto municipality’s decision to build a Accord limiting greenhouse gas 2014 Toronto mayor Rob Ford becomes golf course on land claimed by emissions. most famous Canadian. First Nations. Crisis reveals major political divisions within Quebec 2003 Same-sex marriage legally 2015 Terrorists attack Canadian Forces society. recognized in Ontario. Other soldiers in both Saint-Jean-sur- provinces follow within the next Richelieu and at the National War 1991 GST and PST in effect. Canadians few years. Memorial in Ottawa. become adept at percentage calculations. 2004 Gomery Commission established to 2016 Asylum seekers begin to cross inquire into the Sponsorship Scandal. illegally into Canada from the 1992 The Valour and the Horror United States in anticipation of television series angers Second 2005 Royal assent given to Civil deportation under the new Trump World War veterans for its portrayal Marriage Act, legalizing same-sex administration. of questionable actions by marriage across Canada. Canadians during wartime. Happy Birthday, Canada! I raise a glass in 2006 Supreme court rules in favour of your honour. If I had one, I’d raise a stubby. 1993 Kim Campbell serves as Canada’s Gurbaj Singh Multani. Kirpan may first and (so far) only female prime be worn in Canadian schools. Letter minister for four months before losing drastically in the following 2007 Quebec town of Hérouxville federal election. prompts national inquiry over Of time and the river “Reasonable Accommodation” by 1994 Ontario’s Equality Rights Statute banning practices associated with Sandra Stock’s “Montreal Under the Amendment Bill, aiming to extend certain immigrant groups despite Ground, Part I” (QHN, Spring 2017) might civil union rights to same-sex the town having no residents from give some credence to folklore relating to my couples, is defeated in the such groups. family history! provincial legislature. It was said that the Copping children 2008 Truth and Reconciliation used to sail their little boats in the St. Pierre 1995 “No” side narrowly wins Commission established to inquire River when they were living in Montreal (be- second sovereignty referendum into Canada’s residential schools. tween 1816 and 1821). in Quebec. Premier Jacques The fact that there were tanneries in the Parizeau identifies French-speak 2009 Investment advisor Earl Jones is vicinity backs this statement up somewhat, as ers, a majority of whom voted arrested after having scammed 158 the Coppings were close friends with the “Yes,” as “nous.” people out of $50 million in Ponzi Everleighs, who were leather merchants. schemes. I’m also glad to see that someone else 1996 Ernie Coombs performs Mr. has the temerity to point out that 1837 Rebel- Dressup for the last time. 2010 House of Commons votes to pre lion was not a language issue but a protest serve Canadian Firearms Registry against the government. Maybe someday our 1997 Bill 180 ends 150 years of by 153 to 151. Two years later, Bill history will be written as it was. confessional schooling in Quebec. C-19 passes house and senate Beverly Prud'homme votes, enabling the government to Rawdon, Qc.

9 QUEBEC HERITAGE NEWS

R EFORMING THE REFORM A Call for a New Inclusive History Curriculum

he Committee for the Enhancement of the History Cur- riculum in Quebec (ComECH-Quebec)T held a press conference on May 2 at the Gavin Business Centre on Côte-de-Liesse Road in Montreal, where the English Parents’ Committee Associa- tion has its office. ComECH invited all Quebec citizens to endorse their call for a new inclusive history curriculum by signing an online petition. This petition allows citizens to add their support to an on- Right to Left: Angelo Grasso (ED, EPCA), Debbie Germann (VP, EPCA), Carol Meindl (ED, QFHSA), Dayo Obudayo (director, going campaign whose ef- EPCA), Robert Green (Chair, ComECH-Quebec), Cameron Gray (President, QAGTS). forts have already been en- dorsed by educators, parents and community groups. social cohesion aligned with values of an open and democratic “The horrifying events in Quebec City last January were a society. powerful reminder of the tragic consequences of ignorance and ComECH-Quebec is an ad hoc committee created by the the hatred it breeds,” said Robert Greet, Westmount High English Parents’ Committees Association (EPCA), the Quebec School teacher and ComECH-Quebec chair. “Quebec’s educa- Anglophone Heritage Network (QAHN), the Quebec Federation tion system must be proactive in combatting such ignorance and of Home and School Associations (QFHSA), and the Quebec fostering inclusive democratic values.” Association of Geography Teachers (QAGTS). The petition highlights several problems with Quebec's re- “The primary intention of this committee is to apply our cently implemented history program. In the short-term it calls suggested improvements to the contents and the tone of all sec- on government to work with school boards and key stakeholders ondary-level history courses taught in Quebec,” says QAHN to immediately produce supplemental pedagogical materials representative Sandra Stock. “All schools. All students. This that address the glaring omissions in the current program. In the means for the French and English boards, private and public long-term it calls on government to begin a transparent and systems, to have the same history taught without any particular broad-based process of public consultation aimed at developing political slant or ideological bias. All points of view should be a truly inclusive history program with new textbooks and peda- examined and all sectors, past and present, of Quebec society, gogical resources for teachers. should be reflected in the course. The important issue for me is “It is not acceptable that the recently implemented curricu- History - not the language of its instruction.” lum renders minority communities invisible, casts Anglophones in the role of comic-book villains and fails to adequately ad- dress the Calls to Action made by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission,” said Green. “We need a history curriculum that reflects the diversity of Quebec society.” The current program was based on consultations that were neither sufficient nor transparent. The ComECH-Quebec mem- bers believe it’s time for government to go back to the drawing board and get the process right. The committee members feel strongly that a history cur- riculum that encourages students to explore a variety of view- points is better at developing critical thinking skills than one that renders diversity invisible while imposing a single narrative viewpoint. Learning about diverse viewpoints also helps build

Photo: courtesy of ComECH-Quebec. 10 SUMMER 2017

VOLUNTEERING MATTERS MICROVOLUNTEERING Think Minutes, not Years by Heather Darch This is the third in a series of articles by Heather Darch explor- coined; you probably have had people taking part in actions that ing the issue of volunteers and volunteering. It was inspired by took about an hour or less to complete, e.g. tidying up after an her work on the recent QAHN project, FOREVER. event. These actions weren’t labelled as “microvolunteering;” they were just traditional roles that took a short time to com- uilts can be heavy. When you wrap three or four plete and they were being done by people who were considered onto a roll along with their protective covers, your long-serving volunteers. they become pretty hefty and darned near impos- The difference now is that organizations are intentionally Qsible for a curator to hang without a little help. identifying and marketing these micro- Enter Thomas, the strapping opportunities. It sends the message teenaged boy, to lend his muscles that volunteering for your organiza- and give a lift to the quilts up into tion is quick and easy and is not a their proper storage space. It takes never-ending commitment. less than a minute and, a high-five Take a fresh look at all your pro- later, he’s out the door. That nice kid grams, practices and projects to iden- comes in every single time we ask tify the hidden microvolunteering him for a favour. He knows he will opportunities. Tasks might include only be in the museum for a few making a phone call for you, putting minutes, that it will only be for one on storm windows, gardening a task, that he will be thanked; and he flower bed or going to a workshop knows that he is moving our mission on behalf of your organization. Look forward, every single time. for activities that members can do He has taken ownership of our from their homes or offices like organization and he’s connected into reviewing and proofreading your what we do. He is a microvolunteer newsletters or website, writing blog Andrew, a microvolunteer, helps move stacks of chairs prior to an and is just one of the growing num- event; he also shovels snow from the museum steps after heavy posts or updating your Facebook ber of young faces we have volun- snowfalls. page. teering for the museum. Once you’ve identified new mi- Microvolunteering has a big impact if you do it right. It of- crovolunteering opportunities, market the benefits of volunteer- fers flexibility, providing bite-size chunks of volunteering for ing using every channel you have. Feature a rotating volunteer- people to do at a time that suits them. ing opportunity on your homepage or announce opportunities in Microvolunteering programs share a common set of charac- your newsletters or Facebook page. Let people become familiar teristics: they are easy and quick with low-commitment actions, with the variety of ways to get involved. they are convenient and brief, and they serve an organization on Millennials (those born after 1982) are not looking for an as-needed basis. long-term commitments when it comes to volunteering. This Microvolunteering could be a one-off contribution, or it generation is seeking shorter term assignments, flexibility and could be a regular commitment of a small amount of time. In project-based work that can be done virtually and/or in a matter fact, most microvolunteering tasks take as little as 5 to 10 of minutes. For many Millennials who are entering higher levels minutes. of education or just beginning their careers, time is the easiest The tasks typically do not require an application process, thing to give because their money is limited; but while they are screening or a training period, and they do not require an ongo- keen on contributing their time, they’re not just giving time ing commitment by the volunteer. Most importantly, the tasks blindly. This generation wants to see tangible results and know are mission-related and match the individual’s passion and de- that the time they give is moving the mission of your organiza- sire for meaningful action. Basically, it’s volunteering in small tion forward in a meaningful way. increments of time by someone who likes to do what they've People that want to get more involved will like the thought been asked to do. Microvolunteering can even take place online that they can serve in smaller increments of time and then move or at home with blogging, translating and proofreading for your into the longer-term positions once they feel more comfortable organization. and connected to your group. You may have always had microvolunteers — members By encouraging microvolunteering, you give your members helping out at the registration table before an event, leading a the chance to become part of the organization’s community in discussion during a workshop, or pouring tea. Microvolunteer- the way that works best for them. ing has been around well before 2008, when the phrase was first

11 Photo: courtesy of the Missisquoi Historical Society. QUEBEC HERITAGE NEWS

S TUART BIDWELL AND THE ST. ROSE BOAT CLUB by Wes Darou

Here is a sad if ironic story that wracked my mother's fami- ly their whole lives. Stuart was the only son of Percy Bidwell and Abigail McDonagh. He had three sisters: Sheila, Adele and my mother Kay. Although blind in one eye, he was a sportsman, an officer in the Sacred Heart Cadets at Lajoie School in Outremont, and later a Grenadier Guard. On Saturday, August 30, 1929, when he was 20 years old, he went canoeing with his 12-year-old sister, Adele, at the St. Rose Boat Club where he was a member. I'll let the Montreal Gazette take it from there:

Tuesday, September 3, 1929 KEEP UP SEARCH FOR DROWNING VICTIM

Searchers were today attempting to locate the body of Stuart Bidwell, 23 [sic], 871 Outremont Avenue who was drowned at Ste. Rose Saturday evening after his 12-year- old sister had made a desperate attempt to save him. Bidwell and his sister were in a canoe only a short distance from shore but at a spot where the water is dock. Another hypothesis is that he had a exceptionally deep. In some manner, the heart attack. The coroner's report, written by canoe overturned. His sister Adele J. J. A. Asselin, stated that he had experi- immediately swam to her brother as he enced a "faiblesse," swamping the canoe. was disappearing under the water and We could speculate that this was some managed to bring him to the surface. symptom of heart disease, common in the His weight, however, soon exhausted men of the family. her and he disappeared before other In any event, water safety was not like rescue boats could reach the spot. It today: men wore hats, suits and even boots, was only with the greatest difficulty that and women were in full dresses. Next to to- the girl was able to keep herself afloat day's watercraft, the canoes were also very until rescued. unstable due to their round bottoms. Of The fatality was witnessed by course, there were no life jackets. scores of persons at Ste. Rose and all yesterday men were at work with The Impact grappling irons seeking to locate the It must have been tremendously trau- body. matizing for the family, but particularly for Bidwell was a corporal in the No. 2 Adele. The nuns at her convent, the Soeurs Company, Grenadier Guards and a des Saints Noms de Jésus in Outremont, member of the Ste. Rose Boat Club. He were there for her, but everyone else would formerly resided in Toronto and have been enveloped in their own grief. The Winnipeg. Besides his sister, he is parents were devastated and my mother survived by his parents. talked about it her whole life. On his tombstone at Notre-Dame-des- Stuart’s body was retrieved on Septem- Neiges Cemetery – a very extravagant one ber 5. My mother said that his body had for a family of limited means – there is just been pinned on the remains of an abandoned Stuart's name. His parents and sister Sheila Top: Dressed for a nice day of paddling. Bottom: Stuart Bidwell, Grenadier Guard, about 1927. Photo: courtesy of Le Boating Club. 12 Photo: courtesy of the Bidwell family. SUMMER 2017

Adele’s father scuttled the marriage. According to my mother, it was because Jean was a “crooner” and could not be expected to make a decent living. In a later Photo Journal article, Jean stat- ed that it was because he was French Canadian. Ah, the two solitudes. Both Jean and Adele married other people. Adele worked hard, raised her three children and her niece, and cared for her mother until her death. Jean became rich and famous. Later in life and single, Jean and Adele met by chance, started dating again and were married soon after, in 1969. They spent 20 years together. Adele and Jean are buried about 100 metres from Stuart’s grave. are also buried there. By the time that other family members died, there was no money. In the aftermath of the Depression, no one could afford to have the other names added.

The St. Rose Boating Club The site of the boat club has survived. The club house was moved down the street a few houses and is today a very attrac- tive and popular restaurant, Le Boating Club, at 30 Curé-La- belle in Old St. Rose. Founded in 1889 by Joseph Bourdeau and Daniel Hatton, Le Boating Club of St. Rose was at the time the best-known nautical club in the region. Located next to Plessis-Bélair Bridge on the Mille-Iles River, its members were mainly Eng- lish-speaking Montrealers on vacation. The club organized regattas, social parties and balls in the club house.

Adele As a teenager, Adele dated the very charming Jean Lalonde, a singer (who later became the father of singer Pierre Lalonde).

Wes Darou holds a doctorate in counselling education from McGill and a Master’s in environmental engineering from the University of Waterloo. He has written articles on First Nations contributions to international development, and on the history of the Nakkertok Cross-Country Ski Club. He is an active mem- ber of the local historical society, Cantley 1889.

Sources: Coroner's Office Montreal, William George Stuart Bidwell, Coronor J. J. A. Asselin, September 5, 1929, Montreal Archives.

“Keep up Search for Drowning Victim,” Montreal Gazette, September 3, 1929.

Lise Lapierre, “Mariage secret de Jean Lalonde,” Photo Jour- nal, December 28, 1969.

Top: Le Boating Club today. Photo: courtesy of Le Boating Club. Bottom: Adele Bidwell (Mme Jean Lalonde), Photo Journal, Centre: Stuart’s monument. Photo: Wes Darou. 13 December 28, 1969. Photo: BANQ: 0000052526. QUEBEC HERITAGE NEWS

2017 JOINT QAHN-FHQ CONVENTION A SUCCESS

by Matthew Farfan

Both seminars were well attended. In the afternoon, QAHN and the FHQ held their respective annual general meetings. These meetings were staggered so that delegates could attend both if they wished – and many did. At the QAHN AGM, President Simon Jacobs announced that QAHN had just received confirmation of five years' worth of funding from the Department of Canadian Heritage. "This is ex- cellent news," he said. "And it's a sure sign that QAHN and the work we're doing are very highly regarded by our funders." Executive Director Matthew Farfan gave an overview of some of the year's main activities. He reported that it had been "a busy, and at times a very challenging, year." But he said that QAHN's outreach, services, publications, and special projects were enabling the organization "in a very meaningful way to pursue its mission of strengthening capacity in the English- lose to 200 people attended the first ever convention speaking heritage sector. That is what we were created for back hosted jointly by the Quebec Anglophone Heritage in 2000, and it's what we are doing today." Network (QAHN's 18th) and the Fédération Histoire Québec (the FHQ's 52nd). This collaborative event, Cwhich was held in Montreal in honour of the city's 375th an- niversary, with the bilingual theme of "Montréal et ses histoires / Montreal and Its Histories," took place over three days on Vic- toria Day weekend (May 20-22), attracting English- and French-speaking heritage enthusiasts and historians from across Quebec. The program commenced on Saturday morning with train- ing sessions in French and English at the Hôtel des Gou- verneurs. The English session, sponsored by QAHN as part of its ongoing "DREAM" project, was called "Building a Diversi- fied Fundraising Program," and featured guest speaker Camilla Leigh of Philanthropica. The French session, led by Serge Roy of BFL Canada, focused on liability insurance in non-profits.

Reports were presented on QAHN's two main projects of the year: "FOREVER" and "DREAM." Project directors Heather Darch and Dwane Wilkin summarized these highly suc- cessful initiatives, each of which involved hosting a series of re- gional conferences, and the publication of handbooks on themes related to volunteerism and fundraising. There then followed a lively discussion, led by directors Sandra Stock and Carol Meindl, of the history curriculum in Quebec, and the teaching of local history. In keeping with the collaborative nature of this year's convention, the result of this discussion was the creation of a joint QAHN-FHQ Committee to develop a common position on the teaching of history in Quebec schools. Next on the agenda was the subject of a National Historic

Top: Hôtel des Gouverneurs. Photo: Rod MacLeod. Bottom: On the shuttle bus. Photo: Jean Chevrette. Centre: Delegates in a hurry. Photo: Matthew Farfan. 14 SUMMER 2017

Montreal" (Rod MacLeod), "Anglo Activists: English Speakers and Quebec Social Movements since Confederation" (Lorraine O'Donnell), and "Blacks in Montreal: The First 200 Years" (Dorothy Williams). During the day, participants could visit nearly twenty dif- ferent heritage booths spread out on two floors of the hotel. These ranged from publishing houses specializing in Quebec history, to local heritage organizations, to a kiosk spotlighting Arvida's bid to become a UNESCO World Heritage Site, manned by new QAHN director Terry Loucks. In the evening, attendees gathered for a banquet and awards ceremony that included prizes from both the FHQ and QAHN. The Richard Evans Award, presented annually by QAHN to an organization that has contributed in a significant way to pre- serving or promoting local Anglophone heritage in Quebec, went to the Park Extension Historical Society. Accepting the award on the historical society's behalf was the organization's Places Day. QAHN's membership endorsed this idea which has president, Mary McCutcheon, who said that she was "really been championed in recent months by the National Trust for very touched and honoured." Canada. The Marion Phelps Award, which recognizes individuals Although three long-serving QAHN directors (Susan who have made important long-term contributions to the preser- Chirke, Barry McCullough and Rick Smith) announced their re- vation of Anglophone heritage in the province, was presented to tirement from the board, four new directors (Fergus Keyes, Ter- Rick Smith for his many years of service to both QAHN and the ry Loucks, Glenn Patterson and Jody Robinson) stepped in to FHQ. QAHN President Simon Jacobs said that he "could not take their places. Each of the new directors, President Simon Ja- think of anyone more deserving of this prestigious award." cobs noted, brings with them "a range of experience and per- On Monday, the final day of the convention, participants spectives." could choose one of three different excursions: a walking tour Saturday evening's itinerary included a visit to the superb of Montreal's Latin Quarter, a bus tour along the Rivière des Grand Lodge of Quebec Masonic Temple on Sherbrooke Street, Prairies, and a bus tour (in English) to heritage sites around the where visitors were welcomed by the rousing music of bagpipes city. This last tour included visits to Silo No. 5 at the mouth of and drums, courtesy of the Elgin and District Pipe Band of the Lachine Canal, St. Patrick's Basilica, and the Hurtibise Huntingdon, Quebec. Inside, there were cocktails and guided House in Westmount. Led by Sandra Stock and Rod MacLeod, tours, followed by an inaugural speech by Dinu Bumbaru of the tour was well attended. Heritage Montreal, focusing on "Heritage Action in Montreal: a Rick Smith, who was not only the winner of this year's History of Society and Citizenship." Marion Phelps Award, but also a key volunteer and "président Sunday was another full day. No fewer than sixteen confer- d'honneur" of the event, summed up this first joint QAHN-FHQ ences were on offer, four of them in English, and all of them convention from the stage during the Sunday evening banquet, featuring some aspect of Montreal history. Topics ranged from saying that he was really pleased with "the great spirit" that had "Les premiers Montréalistes, 1642-1643" with Marcel Fournier, prevailed throughout the convention and during the lead-up to to "Scandale : Le Montréal illicite, 1940-1960," with Catherine it. "I do not see two solitudes in this room," he said, "only col- Charlebois and Matthieu Lapointe. The English conferences laboration and openness." were: "The LaFontaine House" (Michael Fish), "Stone, Streets and Sugar: John Redpath and the Making of 19th Century

Top: Some of the faces on the new QAHN board. Photo: Terry Loucks. Bottom: Piping in the visitors at the Masonic Temple. 15 Photo: Matthew Farfan. QUEBEC HERITAGE NEWS

Scenes from the 2017 QAHN-FHQ Convention, 1 Montreal

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

16 Photo 1 & 6: Terry Loucks; 2, 3, 4, 7: Jean Chevrette; 5 & 8: Matthew Farfan. SUMMER 2017

9 10

Scenes from the 2017 QAHN-FHQ Convention, Montreal

12

11

13

14

15

16

17 18

Photos 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16 & 18: Jean Chevrette; 17 12, 13 & 17: Matthew Farfan. QUEBEC HERITAGE NEWS

TE H “ENGLISH” TOUR Convention delegates visit overlooked Montreal sites by Rod MacLeod

fter two sparkling sunny days devoted to indoor ac- tivities, it was slightly galling to have cold and rainy weather for the one day of outdoor excursions, but two dozen of us grinned and bore it. AWe were a diverse group. Apart from the usual QAHN sus- pects, the tour included President of the Fédération Histoire Québec Richard Bégin, a couple visiting from Winnipeg who saw the convention as a fun way to pick up some local history, and Mr. Heritage himself, Michael Fish. We hadn’t got far into St. Patrick’s Church, our first stop, before Michael started telling me about an old religious painting he had acquired some time ago from a disestablished church in the Quebec City area and now felt unsure whether he was right to hold onto it. For someone who determinedly grabbed chunks of Edward Colonna plasterwork from the Van Horne mansion moments before it covered chain-link fence in the midst of Canada’s historic industrial was demolished back in 1973, Michael has little reason to feel heartland. Beyond the Lachine Canal’s pleasure crafts and bankside guilty about possessing objects that might otherwise disappear, bike paths there is a kind of no-man’s land demarcated by the vast although it is typical of him to be concerned about the commod- grey bulk of Silo No.5 and its adjoining buildings. Dragons beyond, ification of heritage. one fears. Real ones, in the form of freight trains regularly belching Fortunately, St. Patrick’s is a safe and solid repository of count- through and occasionally (so our guide informed us) obliging visi- less jewels of Neo-Gothic art, from the huge ornate lamp in the tors to wait 20 minutes before they could cross the tracks. After as- sanctuary, to the stained-glass rosette windows, to the intricately sembling at the gates and being greeted by our Heritage Montreal carved decorations on pews and altar. Our guide expertly pointed volunteer guide, we had to wait for the security team from the CPR out the church’s finest features within the limited time at our dispos- to arrive and open the gates. Because the site is normally off-limits, al, not forgetting to impress upon us the carefully interwoven sham- and structurally unstable, we could not go inside the silo itself and rock and fleur-de-lys motifs throughout the church and the impres- had to wear hard hats at all times – the putting on of which made for sive marble columns that are no less impressive when one learns a good 10 minutes of fun, particularly for people already equipped they are actually made of wood. St. Patrick’s celebrates its 170th with rain hats or hoods. We followed our guide across the tracks, birthday this year, having been built in the 1840s at the height of followed in turn by two other young women from Heritage Irish settlement in Montreal. Surrounded as it is today by modern Montreal and a lingering security detail. buildings, one forgets the commanding position it originally held Silo No.5 is a relic of the pre-Seaway days when almost all of overlooking Victoria Square and the city beyond. Canada’s vast grain exports passed through Montreal and had to be It was a long trip from this sacred spot to a forlorn, warning- loaded onto ships via these monstrous buildings that functioned much as their prairie counterparts do. I compared notes on western grain elevators with my new Winnipeg friends, who shared my ap- preciation for the sight of silos rising from the grasslands and visible from great distances. Montreal’s silos, by contrast, are eyesores, and their removal from the Old Montreal waterfront in order to open up the Old Port was a blessing. I have long argued, however, that Silo No.5 provides crucial visual framing to that part of the Lachine Canal. Although nearby condo residents decry its rusted hulk and peeling paint, without it there would be naked space; one’s gaze would drift off aimlessly the way it does looking at an expressway or supermarket parking lot. The prairies, without the grain elevators, would just be grass. Besides, there is a haunting majesty to Silo No.5, to the mass of the concrete walls and the metallic bulk of the gantry cranes. There

Photos: Rod MacLeod. 18 SUMMER 2017

up. There was a moment in his career when he grew tired of design- ing new structures to replace old ones that were perfectly good, and began to dedicate his time to preservation – not just because the buildings themselves deserved respect but because they say a great deal about who we are as citizens. For the benefit of those who had heard his talk on the LaFontaine House the previous morning, Michael drew our attention to the sea of cranes that is the downtown block where the founder of Canadian democracy’s former residence sits in apparent shame. Not every structure is as fortunate as St. Patrick’s Church, Silo No.5, or the Hurtubise House. And not everyone is as fortunate as we were to have seen them.

is also beauty in the murals of red rust and the sharp angles of rivet- ed iron like some Calderesque stabile. The area, too, has infinite po- tential, if one could only reroute the railway and secure the silo itself for whatever purpose could be dreamed up for it. QAHN members being who they are, a lively discussion ensued on this topic, with suggestions ranging from a rooftop restaurant to a year-round fair- grounds to a sculpture garden – indeed, the tip of Pointe-du-Moulin, on which the silo sits, features one of those spiky Brutalist statues we grew to love during Expo 67, overlooking the harbour. The silos also attract their share of graffiti, of course, some of it quite striking. It began to rain as we retraced our steps to the bus, and quite a downpour accompanied our lunch, which the bus driver retrieved from the hold in the form of individual packages. We were soon on the road again, whizzing along expressways and negotiating the on- going chaos of the Glen Yards, before rolling to a stop in front of the Hurtubise House, on Côte-Saint-Antoine Road. We were greeted by Caroline Breslaw of the Westmount Historical Association, along with other guides and people involved in the house’s restoration. One of these last was Peter Lenken, architect of various Montreal projects, including Maison Alcan, but clearly a former comrade-in- arms of Michael Fish. (I suspect he knew that Michael was on the tour.) It was like old times from then on, our visit to this historic spot enhanced by the two architects’ reminiscences of restoring the Hur- tubise House. We also had Caroline to give us the much needed background. A rare early seventeenth-century residence had survived into the 1950s but there were no more Hurtubises to take over the daunting task of keeping its stone walls intact. Enter the WHA and other local heritage enthusiasts who secured funding from leading Westmount families and created Canadian Heritage of Quebec, who acquired the property (and subsequently several others about the province) and brought experts like Fish and Lenken in. The ground floor of the house retains much of its original appearance, the electrical fix- tures having been installed with a great deal of discretion. Upstairs, where one can see evidence of structural alteration over the decades (including the nineteenth-century addition of the dormer windows so the family could breathe), things are more modern, given the rooms’ function as working space for the historical association. Although several members of the group peeled off at this point, heading for West-End homes, I stayed with the bus back to the ho- tel, having promised the Director-General of the Fédération to bring her president (Richard Bégin) home safely. On the way, I sat next to Michael Fish, who kept up a running commentary on the buildings we passed, a great number of which he had worked on over the years – and the rest he had lived in. Some day he has to write all this

19 Photos: Rod MacLeod. QUEBEC HERITAGE NEWS

W HAT LURKS BELOW: MONTREAL UNDER THE GROUND Part 2: Transporting Water by Sandra Stock Flowing Along, Mostly Below chine Canal to which it runs parallel the southern shore of the island near Where does it come from? more or less – was built in 1853 by a what is now LaSalle. The entry point is How did it get here? city commission led by the ever so aptly right in the middle of the Lachine Is it safe? named Edwin Atwater. Rapids, just downstream from the We don’t think much about our wa- Atwater (1802-1874) was born in Mercier Bridge. The speed and turbidity ter supply -- unless of course it suddenly Willington, Vermont, and emigrated to of the river as it passes through the is unavailable when we turn on the tap Montreal in 1830, along with his broth- rapids eliminates a fair amount of sludge or is rising in a terrifying way in our er, Albert. They started out as painters and debris so the water was, and is, con- basement or on our roads. and then founded a company providing sidered to be relatively pure. After The delivery, and then the dispatching, paint, varnish and plate glass. They were intake, the Aqueduct goes through of water for domestic and the first importers of plate glass to Cana- LaSalle and then the boroughs of Verdun industrial use is an impor- and the Southwest. It ter- tant aspect of urban infra- minates at the city pump- structure and is directly ing station and under- related to the health and ground reservoir on At- the development of a city. water Street just south of Historically, Montre- Point St. Charles. Here, it al has mostly played a runs about 300 metres catch-up game with water south of the Lachine delivery. The supply and Canal. The Aqueduct is state of repair of this very about eight kilometres complex necessity of life long and its width varies has constantly been between 35 and 50 me- thwarted by our climate, tres. Although it now has as well as by our peculiar a bicycle path along one island geography and the side and several attractive need to keep pace with bridges, and its shores are population growth and heavily planted with veg- constantly fluctuating etation, the Aqueduct is commercial requirements. not a park nor is its water In the seventeenth accessible for any recre- and eighteenth centuries, ational purpose. This is of access to water was simple. The then da. By the 1840s, the active and enter- course to preserve the quality of the wa- small population fetched its water from prising Edwin Atwater had become in- ter. various wells, springs and streams. Ac- volved in banking and a telegraph com- cording to McGill University’s Water is pany. He then entered local politics and Pumping Stations Life website, each person in Canada then was elected a city councillor and later an Montreal has benefitted enormously used about ten to seventeen litres a day. alderman for St. Antoine Ward. It was in for over two hundred years from these Now the average is around 329 litres. this capacity that he was appointed as unsung installations. They have protect- In the early nineteenth century, the head of the Montreal Aqueduct ed the city from floods and are essential Montrealers began to take water directly Commission in 1851. This rather mete- in moving our water supply upwards and from the St. Lawrence, and the river oric rise from skilled labour to affluence onwards and then assisting in spewing continues to be our major source. The and power was not all that unusual in the out waste. Some of the water was circu- first civic arrangement for organizing a first half of nineteenth century Montreal. lated directly from the reservoir at the water supply consisted of the Aqueduct Atwater was one of several examples of Atwater installation and also pumped up Canal, the Atwater pumping station and the combination of “learn as you go” to the McTavish Reservoir, constructed the McTavish Reservoir. The Aqueduct and natural ability of the period. from 1852 to 1856, just behind McGill Canal – not to be confused with the La- The Aqueduct takes its water from University. There had been an earlier The Aqueduct, Lasalle, 2011. Photo: Jeangagnon. 20 SUMMER 2017 reservoir at Saint Louis Square but it had been closed for repairs during a devas- tating fire that had destroyed many Montreal buildings. There were eventually five more water storage reservoirs constructed on the slopes of Mount Royal. Along with the now elderly McTavish Reservoir, they are all still in use. Gravity feed is the most economic and comparatively reliable way to send water on its way, but the McTavish Reservoir in particular has had several catastrophic breaks. Its water holding capacity is reliant on the natural geology of the site plus some re- inforcing masonry on the downhill side. It has been increased in size twice since its construction and was covered over in 1957. The top surface is used for recre- ation (Rutherford Park). The cliff creat- ed in its construction is used as an ice reservoir caused severe flooding of the climbing facility. The “Châteauesque” McGill campus and downtown streets. style pump house (1932) is a prominent In 1852, blasting for the reservoir caused feature of the McGill University land- large rocks to fall through the roof of the scape. McGill Arts Building. This was much Although measures against breaks worse than these recent floods and had and water contamination have been im- staff and students running for cover. plemented at the McTavish facility, acci- Having the McTavish Reservoir looming dents still have happened. After the Sep- above the day-to-day life of McGill and tember 11 New York attacks, the City of its surrounding streets somehow resem- Montreal attempted to close Rutherford bles Pompeii in the shadow of Mount Park atop the reservoir and restrict pub- Vesuvius. lic access, using possible terrorist threats Pumping stations were also used for as an excuse. The park remains accessi- two other purposes: to remove waste ble, however, even though in 2011 a water (sewage) and for flood control. pipe in the reservoir burst, sending a Riverside Pumping Station, at 227 tsunami of water into the grounds of Riverside Street, just east of the McGill University, and in 2013 the Bonaventure Autoroute, and Craig Pumping Station, at the foot of the Jacques Cartier Bridge, were built in the 1880s to deal with the annual flooding of the St. Lawrence during spring break up. In 1886, these seasonal flood waters reached as far as Victoria Square. News- papers of the time show pictures of the low-lying parts of Montreal, such as Griffintown, with residents cruising about on pieces of the wooden sidewalks and in canoes and boats. These flood control stations were built by the archi- tects Perrault and Mesnard according to the plans of Percival St. George, a city inspector. The pumps were in 100% use until the 1950s, when the St. Lawrence was canalized with the building of the Seaway. They continued in lesser capac- ity until they were finally decommis- sioned in the 1990s. Originally coal- fired, the pumps were converted to oil

Top: Riverside Pumping Station. Photo: Calvin411. Centre: "Edwin Atwater," Bottom: Craig Pumping Station. Photo: Calvin411. by William Notman, 1868. Photo: McCord Museum, I-30359.1. 21 QUEBEC HERITAGE NEWS

In Part 3 of “What Lurks Below: Mon- treal Under the Ground” (Tunnels), water continues to be an influence, although somewhat less in the forefront.

Sandra Stock has provided a steady stream of material for the Quebec Her- itage News, and we hope has a deep reservoir of more stories.

only in the 1960s. The Riverside station pelling of waste water from deep under- has had an interesting afterlife as a ground from the sewer collectors (the blacksmithing heritage training centre -- former St. Pierre River) into the Les Forges de Montreal – that has been St. Lawrence. It still has all the original recently been ensured survival of sorts apparatus and visitors can inspect the by the city. The Craig Station is unoccu- pumping and control mechanisms for the pied but ought to be preserved and water that once flowed through. The adapted to a heritage function as well. It Youville Pumping Station was in use un- still has its pumps and motors and is a til 1990 when waste water from Old good example of historical technology Montreal and the harbour area was and Montreal’s industrial heritage. diverted to an inceptor of Montreal’s Another survivor of the golden age wastewater treatment plant. Walking by of pumping stations is the one at 173 this building, it would be impossible to Sources: Place d’Youville, the first electrically guess that it was not a bank or even a Pierre Landry, “Edwin Atwater,” Dic- powered station, built in 1915. This en- residence from its impressive exterior. tionary of Canadian Biography, tire installation is preserved as part of The nineteenth and early twentieth www.biographi.ca. the Montreal Museum of Archeology centuries were the apex of Montreal’s and History (Pointe-à-Callière). De- industrial and infrastructure building. Jean-Claude Marsan, Montreal in Evolu- signed by English engineer Stuart The solid and often aesthetically impres- tion, Montreal, 1981. Howard, it is constructed of yellow sive appearance of these very functional Scottish brick and has an ornate Victori- creations – pumping stations, reservoirs, McGill University, “Water is Life! Our an façade. At the time, it was a cutting- aqueducts – reflected a city confident in Drinking Water,” www.mcgill.ca /water- edge facility, which controlled the ex- itself and its future. islife/waterathome/our-drinking-water.

Dick Nieuwendyk, “Riverside Pumping Station” (2013) and “Craig Pumping Station” (2014), http://mtltimes.ca.

Wikipedia: Canal de l’Aqueduc, Mc- Tavish Reservoir.

Top: McTavish Reservoir. Photo: Thomas1313. Centre: "The Reservoir," by Bottom: Youville Pumping Station. Photo: https://pacmusee.qc.ca/en. James Inglis, 1869. Photo: McCord Museum, MP-0000.194.6. 22 SUMMER 2017

ETH SASH OUR IRISH ANCESTORS WORE The Orangemen of Pontiac by Gloria F. Tubman

any of our Protestant Irish tion from Ireland, first of military person- to check Certificates of Membership for ancestors wore a sash indi- nel, then their families, was followed by evidence that the Order existed in what is cating they belonged to the settlement initiatives such as those under now Canada. According to the Orange As- Orange Order and to what Thomas Talbot, Peter Robinson, and John sociation of Canada, a membership transfer Mlodge. The orange cloth sash with nar- By. Such men brought their Orange mem- from a County Armagh lodge provides evi- row purple ribbon borders has a shoul- dence for the existence of an Orange lodge der rosette made from blue and yellow in what is now Ontario in about 1808. ribbons. All the braiding and script are Most members at that time served in mili- yellow brass threading while the tassels tary units in areas where Orange lodges are of coiled wire, much like little had existed, either within the unit or at the springs. The back side is of black home location. The Fourth Regiment of leather. The sash has a number of sym- Foot (also known as King William’s Regi- bols as well as the lodge number – in ment) was one such regiment. In 1822, in this case, LOL 65. This sash was given the Toronto area, the 12th of July parade to my father by his mother-in-law after was one of the more popular events of the the death of a family member and lodge year. brother. My guess is that this sash would Canada’s Loyal Orange Lodge No.1 date to the early 1900s. was established in 1831 in Brockville, Some sashes were ornate, while others Ontario. Ogle R. Gowan, the man credited were very plain. Disposable money avail- with founding the lodge, emigrated from able to purchase a sash would be the deter- Wexford, Ireland, in about 1829, to Leeds mining factor. As with the passage of time, County, Upper Canada. Gowan had been a the sash has been replaced by a velveteen member of the Irish Orange Lodge from collar with gold thread embroidery and about 1804. Shortly after the creation of gold braid tassels that has much of the LOL 1, Gowan created the Grand Lodge of same information on it. British North America. At the 2013 The Orange Order has a long and rich BIFHSGO (British Isles Family History history in Canada, especially Ontario and Society of Greater Ottawa) conference, Dr. Quebec. Today the Orange Association or Jane G. V. McGaughey referred to this family is comprised of a number of organi- lodge when she discussed the 1838 Battle zations: Loyal Orange Lodges (men), Roy- of the Windmill and the defeat of the larger al Black Preceptories (men), Loyal True American army by a small number of Blue Lodges (men), Lodges of the Ladies Leeds County locals and Orangemen, who Orange Benevolent Association (women), used their fifes and drums to create the Lodges of the Crystal Chapter (women), illusion that the British army was much Junior Orange Lodges (boys and girls), and larger than it really was. Lodges of the Loyal Orange Young Briton Orange lodges were quickly estab- Association (young men). lished in areas settled by Irish Protestant The symbol for the Loyal Orange immigrants and United Empire Loyalists. Lodge is an arch over the numbers 2½. If Common to both groups was their loyalty this symbol is on a gravestone, then the berships with them. There is a record of a to British institutions, as well as the impor- man belonged to the Orange Order. 1783 Orange meeting in what is now New tance of religion in their lives. In many Brunswick that used the charter issued in areas, the establishment of the lodges History of the Orange Lodge England in 1694 bearing the name of Colo- followed the settlement of the townships There have been many Orange soci- nial Patent #6 from Guild Hall for the use and counties. eties in Ireland as of 1688, but the Orange of the term “Orange.” Using the township valuation rolls Order was founded in Loughhall, County For the period before 1831, when from Pontiac County, one can plot the es- Armagh, Ireland, in the 1790s. Immigra- Canadian lodges were established, one has tablishment of Orange lodges in rural 23 Orange Sash. Photo: Gloria Tubman. QUEBEC HERITAGE NEWS

Quebec. In this county, settlement began near the Ottawa River from range or con- cession 1 north to range 12; the townships further north were settled later. As my father explained to me, the lower the lodge number, the older the lodge. Clarendon Township, one of the few Quebec townships with no Roman Catholic churches, had the earliest lodge in Pontiac with LOL 23. It is not surprising that the first four lodges were near Claren- don Centre, now Shawville. On the adjacent map, areas marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, and 11 were settled by former County Tip- perary natives, while former County Cavan natives settled areas marked 8 and 10. Irish Catholic families settled in North Bristol, North Onslow, Thorne, and Ald- field. The area between ranges 7 and 10 in Litchfield, near Vinton, was predominantly Irish Catholic, as were Allumette and Sheen. The Thorne/Aldfield area saw German migration in the late 1870s; some of these immigrants joined the lodge. These settlements illustrate the notion of an educational institution for adults that ship to create a new lodge with at least cluster migration as discussed by Bruce taught them life skills and life values. eight members. Elliott in Irish Migrants in the Canada: a When the Orange Order was founded in Members learn life skills not taught New Approach. the 1790s, few members had a formal edu- within the formal education system. Mem- The Orange Lodge was, and is, open cation. One only has to look at the Canadi- bers must attain one degree, then the next, to all Protestant Christian men 16 years and an censuses of 1861, 1871 and 1881 to until they reach the highest degree within older. The addition of “Protestant” is an realize that very few people could read or the Order. A member is awarded a certifi- over-kill; a Freemason once explained to write. To this end, founders developed an cate when he has attained the next degree. me that their organization was open to all organization that relied on symbols and Within each lodge, one finds the posi- Christians. Roman Catholics did not join as repetition to help members function within tions of Master, Deputy, Secretary, Treasur- they were not able to belong to a secret so- the Order and the community at large. er – familiar enough from other organiza- ciety. Each applicant underwent a screen- Within the Order are degrees or levels that tions. A number of other positions, such as ing process. One could transfer member- members attain before they progress Chaplain, are specific to the Order. ship from one lodge to another. Many of through the various positions. Through monthly meetings, members learn the first lodges had members transfer from The Orange Order has a chart with how to conduct themselves in meetings, Irish lodges. strategically placed wording: “In God is and how to lead meetings. According to the An Orange Institution of Ireland cer- My Trust, Union, Truth, Loyalty, Love, Orange Association of Canada, at monthly tificate dated October 24, 1863, for Joseph Honour All Men, Love the Brotherhood, meetings, after the normal local business Hill of Lodge 170 in County Antrim, Fear God, and Honour the King.” These has been conducted, members learn parlia- District Deriaughy, was signed by Master are easy and impressive creeds for mem- mentary procedure, speaking etiquette, and John Foresythe, Secretary James Brown bers to follow. The centre portion of this proper debate principles, and they have an and Treasurer Samuel Foresythe. The seal chart has many symbols. The non-Biblical opportunity to practice them. All of this be- of the lodge would have been heated to symbol of King William on his trusty steed fore Roberts Rules of Order became melt the wax affixed to the certificate. reminds members to be loyal to the Crown popular. Mr. Hill brought this certificate from Ire- and the Head of Canada. Members are taught that with each po- land to his new home in the Greermount The Loyal Orange Lodge symbol, the sition comes a set of duties, responsibili- area of Thorne Township, Pontiac County. “2 ½,” reminds members that 2 and ½ ties, and accountability, all catch phrases Over the years, membership certifi- tribes led the Children of Israel from Egypt that are common in today’s work environ- cates have undergone numerous changes, against massive armies. In life, a small ment. When a member accepts a position but the tombstone information remains the number of people working together can within the Order, he is responsible for car- same: name, lodge number, location, mas- achieve success against formidable odds. rying out all the duties associated with that ter, secretary, and treasurer. For that reason, lodge membership was position, and is accountable to his fellow capped at 20 members. When more wanted lodge members. There is a natural progres- An Educational Institution to join, then a number of members of an sion through the lodge positions to become The Orange lodge can be identified as established lodge would transfer member- Master. Public speaking is an important

24 Pontiac County Lodges with locations, the numbers added from http://alabamamaps.ua.edu/historicalmaps. SUMMER 2017 skill learnt by members. under false pretences, defrauding his lodge, George ‟to Law.” Her response was “No, The structure of the Orange Order re- drunkenness, disorderly conduct, and vio- leave them be.” In the 1840s, one would sembles the government structure in lation of obligation. In the 1870s, reasons have to walk two days to get to Hull, let Canada. The lowest level, the lodge, is the given for expulsion included being drunk alone go to Montreal or Quebec City to equivalent of the municipal government, in public, consuming large quantities of find a justice system. Had the Orange Or- and then the County or District, the Provin- alcohol, and committing fraud or non-pay- der been asked to intervene, George would cial, and the Canadian lodges have their ment to another member. In the absence of have been expelled – not what a stopping equivalents; the lodge’s World level resem- a formal court system, the Order kept its house keeper (the keeper of an inn, proba- bles the British Commonwealth. members in line. Who wanted to explain to bly dry) would have wanted in the Town- Members tend to be active within their family or neighbours why he was not ship of Clarendon. community service or church organiza- parading on the Twelfth? The threat of tions. The Orange Order is one of Role of Religion the oldest lobby groups in Canada. Christianity is an in- Up until the 1960s, it was the The 19 Loyal Orange Lodges opened in tegral part of the Orange largest and most powerful lobby Pontiac County between 1843 and 1919. Order. Many of the impor- group, when one considers the vot- tant symbols represent ing power of its members. Each Bible stories. A scripture lodge would have up to 20 mem- Lodge # Place Date reading by the chaplain is ber, and there could be 20 or more 27 Clarendon Oct 24, 1843 part of every meeting – lodges per county, 30 or more 29 Clarendon Nov 4, 1846 the only time in a meeting counties per province. That makes 34 Shawville Feb 1850 where a member reads about 12,000 potential voters, not 37 Onslow March 17, 1851 from a script. A member counting their family members. 38 North Onslow Aug 26, 1851 might not be able to read a When a government proposed leg- 46 Bristol Feb 19, 1853 Bible passage, but seeing islation, the Orange Order made a 51 Fort Coulonge/Mansfield March 13, 1854 the symbol would invoke submission either in support or op- 54 Portage du Fort June 22, 1854 the scripture heard during position. Politicians wanting to 63 Yarm Feb 5, 1856 a meeting. Each lodge has keep their seats tended to listen. 65 Charteris July 12, 1856 a chaplain. Every year, Many federal and provincial politi- 67 Thorne Nov 3, 1856 one of the local churches cians during this period were mem- 95 Campbells Bay Oct 8, 1859 hosts a service where the bers of the Orange Lodge. 101 Leslie Oct 28, 1873 Orange Order participates. Skills taught within the lodge 117 South Clarendon Apr 15, 1877 An Orange service have been utilized by members in 128 Dagg’s School House Aug 8, 1882 can be held for a member their political lives. My father, who 130 Upper Thorne Dec 12, 1882 that has died. Today, this left school in 1931 at age 13, used 136 Steels Corners Aug 2, 1897 short 15-minute service, these skills to be a councillor in the 142 Davidson Corners Aug 21, 1909 which evolved from the Municipality of Bristol for over 27 153 Lower Litchfield May 31, 1919 Orange Funeral Service, is years. Many of his fellow council- conducted at one of the lors mentioned the respect they had visitations if requested by for my father’s ability to present an the family. Badges and sashes are worn opinion on the issues at hand as well as the expulsion was enough to cause some mem- black side out at these services. sound advice he could offer. Until the bers to keep on a straighter and narrower Up to the 1940s, issues of The Equity 1960s, the majority of the mayors of the path. often note that an Orange funeral was con- City of Toronto were Orangemen. Family history has my three-times ducted and occasionally list lodges in- great-grandfather George Dagg settling in volved. The July 24, 1884, issue notes the Citizenship Standards Clarendon Township, Pontiac County, in passing of Joseph Roney of North Claren- The Order has the expectation that its the early 1830s as part of the Talbot settle- don three days earlier. Mr. Roney had re- members will exhibit good behaviour to- ment, which came to Carleton County. I quested that he be buried in the custom of wards all. The threat of suspension or ex- found late 1830s church baptism records the Order. Five lodges were represented. At pulsion from the Order was the incentive, for his children with Rosanna Stewart. To ten o’clock, with the bands playing, the and still is. The local lodge had to first pro- date, I have not found a marriage record for coffin was taken from the house, placed on vide the reason, then the County and the this couple in Ireland, Ontario or Quebec. a carriage, and followed by about 60 teams Provincial lodges had to agree to push for Imagine my surprise to find he had left a to the place of internment. Reverend Nay- the suspension or expulsion at the highest wife, Mary Connelly, and three daughters lor presided over the Church of England level. The Record of the Proceedings of the in Ireland! Possibly in the 1840s, Mary and service which was followed by Brother Grand Orange Lodge of British North her daughters arrived in Clarendon to find Frank Gibbons with the Orange Associa- America session of 1862 provides some of George with another family. tion service. Brethren deposited their em- the reasons for a suspension or expulsion: Family lore has the men of the com- blems on the coffin, closed the grave, and non-payment of dues, obtaining goods munity asking Mary if she wanted to take then left for home to work in the hay fields.

25 QUEBEC HERITAGE NEWS

I propose that one version of this serv- ice was performed for members and anoth- er version for non-members, in the absence of clergy from the established churches (Anglican, Methodist, and Wesleyan Methodist). Who would be responsible for the burial of an individual when no minis- ter resided or was within two days travel- ling time? Why not ask a lodge chaplain to recite some scripture for a grieving family at this time? As a family history researcher, I have encountered many persons whose burial was not recorded in any of the local church records and no record of the person in the subsequent census.

Benevolence The Orange Order and its benevolence could be spent in other areas to benefit the local lodge with proceeds going to an iden- has been an important part of the lives of its children. tified cause. Many lodges were near a members and the community. This is one area When the Quebec government changed church or school, so they were at the centre of the Order where its members’ work for the the rules regarding the operation of children’s of the community. most part has not been recognized over the homes and orphanages, the Orange Order LOL 65 at Charteris, Quebec, is be- years. They have provided assistance to sold the Rosemere facility and all its land and side St. Matthew’s Anglican Church, and neighbours, regardless of religious affiliation, invested the proceeds. Today, the Orange Or- Clarendon No 12A school was across the and to the community as a whole when a need der of Quebec applies the interest towards road. I have childhood memories of many was there. Each year, all levels of the Order many children’s activities, such as school Saturday evenings spent at community will donate to various charities and causes: breakfasts, boys and girls clubs, and after- events held in this building. I had a person- senior citizen’s homes, disabled persons’ hos- school activities in the Montreal area. A dona- al relationship with one of the lodge trunks; tels, and disaster funds, as well as raising tion is given to the Children’s Hospital of when I got tired I would use the trunk as a money for causes such as cancer and heart Eastern Ontario. bed until my parents were ready to go disease. While cleaning out the family home after home. In By Water and Word: A History of the my mother passed away last year, I found a The largest social event for the Orange Shawville United Church, Mayfred Horner token alongside my father’s Orange badge Order is the celebration of the Glorious Dods records that, after the 1906 fire that de- and pins that measured about 1 by 1½ inches, Twelfth. Again, the founders of the Order stroyed the Methodist Church, Methodist with the markings “Royal Arch, Purple were thinking of the wellbeing of its mem- services were held in the Anglican Church Marksman.” I had never seen it before. My bers. Based on Christian teachings, where and then in the Orange Hall until the new uncle, Bev Cluff, a member of the Orange the world was created in six days and the church was ready. Order, told me that my father had attained the seventh day was a day of rest, the founders Child welfare has always been important highest degree in the Orange lodge. He then determined that members would need a to the Orange Order, which operated homes opened his wallet, pulled out a similar token family day about six months after for orphans and children in various provinces. with markings for the Black, and said that this Christmas. Farmers would have finished The Home in Picton, Ontario, was in opera- would buy his burial plot. Any member of the the spring work and would be just starting tion in 1916, and the one in new Westminister, Orange lodge with a token like this would the summer work. B.C., in 1917. Around 1940, the Quebec never be buried in a pauper’s grave. Founders realized that members Orange Order opened the Orange Children’s The Orange historian related a story would have any number of excuses not to Home at Rosemere, Quebec. where a man had died in Toronto with no attend a social event based on the founding Reverend Ed McCall, the Anglican min- identification, no money, and no family to of the Order, the opening of lodge, or a ister from Quyon in the 1970s, not a member claim the body. When the coroner examined benevolent event. They knew that Irish of the Order, was invited to speak at an the body, he found a burn scar from an Or- men always love to boast of a perceived Orange event, where he heard of the Orange ange lodge seal with the lodge number. The accomplishment. What better excuse for a Children’s Home at Rosemere. This home of- lodge was contacted; the body was identified social event than the victory at the Battle of fered children, regardless of their religion, a and brought home for burial by the lodge. the Boyne? All Orangemen would show up sanctuary from troubled home life, and an ed- that day; they would not dare stay away. ucation. This benevolent work led McCall to Social Activities: the Glorious The ceremonial part of a typical attend as many Orange events in the Ottawa Twelfth Twelfth of July celebration included greet- Valley as possible. He would pass around a Orange lodges have played an impor- ings from local dignitaries and Orange offi- box collecting money to buy soap for the tant part in the social lives of members and cials, a prayer, a guest speaker, and the Rosemere Home. Even the small amount he the community at large. Most dances, singing of the anthem. Following military collected meant that money for the Home recitals, and social events were held at the tradition, members marched with their

26 Orange Children’s Home at Rosemere, Quebec, 1968. Photo: courtesy of the Pontiac Archives. SUMMER 2017 lodge banners and played the fife and drum. World War I. His uncle, an Orangeman, had Each lodge usually had one member repre- concerns for his nephew, so he gave him a PROVINCE-WIDE senting King Billy (William III); if there pin and told him to wear it on his uniform. EXPOSURE was a white horse he could ride, so much At the Front, a fellow soldier saw the pin AT A GREAT PRICE!! the better. After the parade, musicians would and said an Orange greeting, but the young SPECIAL ADVERTISING RATES get together for fifing and drumming com- lad did not respond as expected. The soldier 2017 petitions. pointed to the pin and wanted to know why The Twelfth was also an event for the the lad had it on. The young soldier re- Purchase two or more ads of entire community. Families brought picnics, sponded that his uncle had told him to wear the same size, and receive and there were activities for everyone. The the pin and he would be looked after. The 40% off each ad! Ottawa Citizen of 1930 had two pages cov- young lad made it back to Canada as his un- Purchase a full year and receive an ering various celebrations throughout the cle’s brothers treated him as their own. additional 10% off! Ottawa Valley and across Ontario and Que- Over the past 200 years, the Orange bec. At each celebration, there was a ball Order has played an important role in FULL-PAGE tournament, or track and field events, fol- Canadian society. It has provided education- 10 inches (25.5 cm) high lowed by a dance. al instruction to adults in life skills, benevo- 7.5 inches (19 cm) wide My father told me this story of a lence, social and family time, networking, $400.00 (Special: $240.00) Twelfth celebration held in North Onslow. and a brotherhood to create well rounded Back cover or inside page, colour While playing the fife and drum, members members of the community. of the various lodges were marching to the $500.00 (Special: $300.00) grove where the picnic was to be held. A Roman Catholic farmer met them and Gloria F. Tubman hails from the HALF-PAGE explained that his wife had just given birth Bristol/Shawville area of Pontiac County. 5 inches (12.5 cm) high to a son early that morning. If the Her interest in genealogy and local history 6.5 inches (16.5 cm) wide Orangemen would not play their instru- prompted her to publish ‟Genealogy Glean- $235.00 (Special: $141.00) ments while marching past the farmhouse, ings” in The Equity, Shawville’s weekly pa- Colour $300.00 (Special: $180.00) they would name their son William. The per. Her areas of research include the men agreed and silently marched by the British Home Children and the families of THIRD-PAGE Catholic farm gate. Pontiac County. She has done research for (COLUMN ONLY) In 1884, the proceeds from the Twelfth the TV show Who Do You Think You Are? Parade in Thorne Township went to help She presented “The Sash Our Irish Ances- 10 inches (25.5 cm) high build a new church: St. Stephen’s Anglican tors Wore” at a session of the British Isles 2.25 inches (5.75 cm) wide Church in Greermount. Family History Society of Greater $200.00 (Special: $120.00) Ottawa 2016 conference, which appeared in The Orange Order and Family BIFHSGO’s journal, Anglo-Celtic Roots, QUARTER-PAGE History 22 (4), Winter 2016. It is reprinted here with 5 inches (12.5 cm) high Was a member of your family a mem- permission. 3.25 inches (8.5 cm) wide ber of the Orange Order? Memorabilia such $125.00 (Special: $75.00) as badges, hat, sash, collar, or pins can be a very good indication that someone belong to Sources: BUSINESS CARD the Orange Order. Check the local newspa- Members of Grand Orange Lodge of 2.5 inches (6.5 cm) high Canada, Grand Orange Lodge of Quebec, pers, especially December and January is- 3.5 inches (9 cm) wide sues, as there might be a write-up listing the Ontario East Lodges, and Pontiac County new officers of the lodge for the up-coming Lodges. $75.00 (Special: $45.00) year. The issue after the 12th of July would likely have an article about the celebration The Pontiac Archives, Shawville, Quebec. FREQUENCY, DEADLINES AND listing the names of several members who SPECIFICATIONS had played a role in the day’s activities. The Ottawa Citizen, archived papers. 4 issues annually The local lodge might have a member- Deadlines: Spring (early March 2017); ship roll for that lodge as well as any other The Shawville Equity, archived papers. Summer (early June 2017); Fall (early Septem- local lodges that closed and whose member- ber 2017); Winter (early December 2017) Resolution required: Minimum 300 DPI ship was transferred to the current lodge. Alabamamaps.ua.edu/historical maps. By email to: [email protected] Proceedings of the Grand Lodges, Provin- cial or Canada, normally have the names of those in attendance as well as any expul- Editor’s note: QHN’s coverage of the sions and suspensions. Orange Order in Pontiac County will Brotherhood can be far-reaching. The continue in the Fall 2017 issue with an Orange historian told me of a young lad article by Wes Darou offering a different from an Ontario county who enlisted in angle on the institution.

27 QUEBEC HERITAGE NEWS

P ROHIBITION IN THE EASTERN TOWNSHIPS Part 3: Women and Children by Phil Rich

n the fight for prohibition in Que- other non-British, or Jewish names in women’s votes as being necessary to bec, various groups embodied the the Union’s membership lists.” (Smart bring Prohibition to Canada, and in that temperance movement and the spir- and Ogborne, 20) they proved right.” (Smart & Ogborne, it that drove it. Spearheading the WCTU groups would meet often to 20) Ifight in the nineteenth and early twenti- discuss how best to educate the commu- Another effective method to pro- eth centuries were organizations such as nity about the benefits of being "dry," mote prohibition was to get children in- the Sons of Temperance and the volved. The Milby chapter of the Missisquoi Anti-Alcohol league, WCTU was originally formed to as well as individuals such as run the Sunday school and to or- Catholic priest Charles Chiniquy. ganize a youth group to teach Other, perhaps lesser known, about prohibition. The WCTU in groups also played an important the Townships made it a priority to part in this debate, especially in teach children, often very young regions such as the Eastern children, about the evils of Townships. Women, for instance. alcohol. The Milby chapter was Women brought a unique re-formed in 1923 by Mrs. Robert voice to the argument in favour Lipsy, and many of their records of prohibition, providing a per- still exist today. The new chapter spective that their male counter- worked closely with the provincial parts in groups like the Sons of association of the WCTU to hold Temperance could not. The tem- temperance lessons, introduce a perance movement in the Town- new Sunday school, and establish ships benefited from the involve- a Loyal Temperance Union in ment of women, whose efforts 1932 to provide further education were essential to the success that for children about the problems of the movement enjoyed. alcohol. (ETRC) Groups such as the Woman’s The WCTU is still active Christian Temperance Union around the world, and offers mem- (WCTU) had several chapters in berships for different ages, includ- the Eastern Townships, including ing youth and children. One level a Milby Union that was estab- of membership, the Little White lished in 1890. The WCTU had Ribboners, is intended for new- been founded in Chautauqua, borns and toddlers up to five years New York, and quickly spread to of age. Little White Ribboners Ontario, then across Canada. Although largely based on the principle that social were often issued an official certificate Quebec was one of the last provinces to reform and religion were intrinsically at birth in which the parent of a child which it expanded, the movement’s suc- linked. Like other temperance organiza- promised “not to give or allow [him or cess in the Townships may well have tions, women’s groups worked closely her] to take any Intoxicating Drinks.” been due to the region’s English-speak- with the local clergy to have as great an (ETRC) White ribbons symbolized puri- ing community. Most members “had a impact as possible. The WCTU was par- ty, and the parents and older members of small-town background and were of ticularly inclusive, welcoming Blacks, the organization are also commonly re- British ancestry,” write Reginald G. First Nations, and other minorities into ferred to as “White Ribboners.” Smart and Alan C. Ogborne in Northern its membership (Smart & Ogborne, 19). The Canadian Woman’s Christian Spirits: A Social History of Alcohol in Although its main focus was prohibition, Temperance Union was ultimately much Canada. “Most WCTU members were the organization also “placed a great more successful outside Quebec, thanks Scottish and English immigrants who deal of emphasis on women’s suffrage to the abundance of Protestantism in belonged to evangelical churches. There and helped to get the vote for women in other provinces. The organization was is a striking lack of French-Canadian, Canada… Some WCTU members saw particularly successful in Ontario, where 28 "Lips That Touch Whiskey Will Never Touch Mine!" WCTU poster, http://bottlesboozeandbackstories.blogspot.ca. SUMMER 2017 it managed to implement a new curricu- lum in the school system in 1893; this ETH REBELLION curriculum included ‘scientific temper- ance’ courses such as Physiology and Temperance, which was made compulso- THAT SUCCEEDED ry in Ontario schools until the Grade 8 level. These courses were taught in Eng- Part 1: September 8, 1836 lish schools in Ontario, Alberta and the Maritimes, and the WCTU financed the by Joseph Graham purchase of necessary books and materi- n a recent discussion about the re- proval. The Catholic Church in New als. bellions of the 1830s, including the France was also Gallican Catholic, sub- In Quebec, particularly the Eastern one led by Louis-Joseph Papineau, I ject to the same royal assent. Townships, it proved more effective to remarked that another 1830s rebel- When the British took possession of use Sunday school and other community lion had actually succeeded and that the New France, the Catholic Church dutiful- initiatives. Prohibition was a divisive is- I change had been monumental. Asked to ly transferred its allegiance from the sue, and did not gain nearly as much explain my statement, I referred to a talk French king to the English king. Their traction in the province as it did else- I had given called “La rébellion qui a policy, as written by the then-bishop of where – which made introducing temper- réussie: le 8 septembre 1836” (The Re- Quebec, Henri-Marie de Pontbriand, stat- ance courses in school much more diffi- bellion that Succeeded, September 8, ed, “The Christian religion requires for cult. “In general, the teaching of ‘scien- 1836). victorious princes who have conquered a tific temperance’ tended to follow local The successful rebellion was guided country all the obedience, the respect, option votes; it was much more likely to by the Catholic Church and was the direct that is owed to the others … The king of be accepted in dry areas than wet.” result of the Ultramontane movement in England now being, through conquest, (Smart and Ogborne, 21) France. The Church did not govern the the sovereign of Quebec, all the feelings The extent to which women influ- colony here, but had a responsibility for of which the apostle St. Paul speaks are enced the temperance movement in the health and social services as well as edu- due him [Rom. 13:1–7].” Townships, and Canada in general, is re- cation. It had its This policy markable. By advocating prohibition, own system of tax- was more easily while also promoting women’s suffrage, ation and it record- written than exe- they were able to create highly success- ed births, marriages cuted, especially ful educational initiatives. Although they and deaths. considering that might not have been as influential as in Before the Pontbriand died in other parts of the country, they still con- French Revolution, June 1760 -- before tributed to the prohibition debate and ad- the king held the the treaty with vanced the cause of temperance. right to veto deci- France was signed. sions of the This left an open- Church. He kept a ing for a new bish- Phil Rich, a fourth year History student lid on the power of op, but one could at Bishop's University, interned with Rome in France. not be appointed QAHN in the Fall of 2016. Later, during the without the king’s republican periods, approval. The the Ultramontanes transfer of the Sources: argued that since Gallican Catholic Jan Noel, Canada Dry: Temperance there was no king, Church fell to Pont- Crusades Before Prohibition, Toronto, the French Catholic briand’s vicar, 1995. Church’s sole absolute leader was the Jean-Olivier Briand, who proved to be pope. The word Ultramontane was first very much up to the task, bringing the Reginald G. Smart and & Alan C. Og- used in Rome to describe influences from Church into the ambit of the king of Eng- borne, Northern Spirits: A Social History away, from beyond the mountains, but it land just as thoroughly as it had previous- of Alcohol in Canada, Toronto, 1996. came to be used as a term by those ly been subject to the king of France. He Catholics in republican France who felt even found a way around a British law Young Women’s Christian Temperance that the pope’s decisions were uniquely a forbidding the naming of a Catholic bish- Union of Milby fonds (1923-1963). “Re- Catholic religious matter. When France op. He proposed having himself quietly sult of Polling on Canada Temperance was a kingdom, the pope, ruler of the Pa- consecrated in France as Bishop of Que- Act: September 12, 1917”. Eastern pal States, had seen the French king as bec, which he did in 1766 while the Townships Resource Centre (ETRC) his defender, an ally he could turn to if British looked the other way. Serving as Archives. Bishop’s University, Quebec. his borders were threatened. In return, Bishop of Quebec until his death in 1794, French (Gallican) Church policy and ap- Briand so calmed tensions that he eventu- pointments were subject to royal ap- ally told his secretary: “Under the British

Louis-Chrétien de Heer, "Mgr Jean-Olivier Briand," c.1788. Musée de la 29 civilisation, Fabrique Notre-Dame de Québec repository. QUEBEC HERITAGE NEWS

on him. The next year, the Bishop of Telmessus was consecrated as auxiliary bishop serving in Montreal. He observed the casual way the British administration accepted his appointment, after having refused the creation of the new diocese, and learned an interesting lesson that would serve him well in time. This bishop without a local diocese, Jean-Jacques Lartigue, was a passionate follower of the French Ultramontane movement. One of Lartigue’s first ac- tions, working with his secretary Ignace Bourget, was to set up a seminary that became an Ultramontane training ground, graduating priests who believed new status. The governor’s office may in and taught Papal Infallibility forty have thought no more about it but the government the Catholic clergy and the years before the Vatican adopted it as of- clergy did. They knew that it signalled a rural populace enjoyed more liberty than ficial policy. major shift in the Catholic Church in they had been accorded before the con- Lartigue also saw that, if the civil Lower Canada. Catholic Lower Canada quest.” It was even a point of contention powers, led by his cousin, Louis-Joseph was no longer Gallican, nor was it for the Anglican bishop of Quebec, Papineau, could learn to be more patient British. It was Roman. The whole body Jacob Mountain, who declared in the with their colonial overlords, both lay of the clergy of Lower Canada fully mid-1790s that the Catholic bishop “dis- and Church powers would grow. Lar- understood the ramifications and there poses as he sees fit of all the curacies in tigue did not need more authority than was much enthusiasm among them when the diocese, sets up parishes, grants that of his faithful congregation to make Bishop Lartigue of Montreal took offi- special permission for marriages as he decisions. To demonstrate this, in 1836, cial possession of his see on September wishes, and carries out freely all those fifteen years after he was named Bishop 8, 1836, the autumn before the secular duties that the king’s instructions refuse of Telmessus, he asked the pope, on be- uprising led by Louis-Joseph Papineau. him.” half of his parishioners, to create an As historian Marcel Trudel put it, Briand’s successor, Joseph-Octave episcopal see at Montreal, naming him Lartgue had “the courage to make the Plessis, found ways around British re- bishop. This was exactly what the first gesture of absolute independence,” fusals by ploys such as the one that saw British had refused to condone in 1821. and the ramifications were huge, fully Father Jean-Jacques Lartigue become He also asked his colleague, Bishop exploited by his successor, Ignace the acting bishop of Montreal. Having Joseph-Norbert Provencher, who was on Bourget. been refused the right to establish a new his way to Rome, to reassure the author- diocese at Montreal, but very much ities that there was no need to obtain Joseph Graham, author of Naming the needing a bishop to administer the re- “the British government’s consent to or Laurentians, is writing a book that gion, Plessis petitioned the pope to name approval of such an arrangement.” On re-examines much of our early history, Lartigue as “Bishop of Telmessus in Ly- May 13, 1836, Pope Gregory XVI pub- the elements that drove European cia,” a region that had not been a part of lished a Bull creating the See and nam- society, and the damage these ideas in- the Catholic Church for centuries and ing Lartigue its bishop. While the clergy flicted on North America. The foregoing was, of course, outside British jurisdic- held its breath in anxious anticipation of is an excerpt, and is based on a talk pre- tion. In 1820, the Church named Lar- repercussions from the British, Lartigue sented to the Société d’histoire de la Re- tigue as bishop of that Ottoman outpost, believed that, faced with a fait accompli, pousse in Saint-Faustin-Lac Carré on conferring all the authority of a bishop the colonial secretary would approve. March 30, 2012, which was then adapt- Lartigue received public ed for Main Street (the Laurentians’ confirmation of the pope’s English-language newspaper) in 2016. consent on May 26, and within two weeks, also re- Sources: ceived a note of congratu- Fernand Ippersiel, Les Cousins Ennemis, lations from the governor’s Guérin Littérature, Montreal, 1990. office. It was as though the Adrien Thério, Joseph Guibord, victime governor of the colony saw expiatoire de l'Évêque Bourget, nothing irregular in the ap- Montreal, 2000. pointment and simply wanted to be polite in ac- Dictionary of Canadian Biography on- knowledging the bishop’s line.

Top Left: Gerrit Schipper, "Joseph-Octave Plessis." Library and Archives 30 Bottom: John Henry Walker, "Ruins of the Roman Catholic Canada, MIKAN 2882492. Top Right: J.-F. Lartigue. www.diocesemontreal.org. Bishop's Palace, Montreal, 1852." McCord Museum, M752. SUMMER 2017

Small Press, Tremendous Books!

23 rue Ste-Anne Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 1L1 [email protected] 514.457.5733 www.shorelinepress.ca

31