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By V. Jurs kis, R. Shiels and D. Binns

S TAT E FORESTS RESEARCH DIVISION FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANjBADJA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT AREA, SOUTHERN REGION, NEW -SOUTH WALES

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT AND BADJA MANAGEMENT AREAS SUPPORTING DOCUMENT 3

by

V. JURSKIS. R SHIELS. ANDD. BINNS

RESEARCH DIVISION STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES SYDNEY 1995 Forest Resources Series No. 32 December, 1995

The Authors:

V. Jurskis, Research Forester, Southern Research Centre, State Forests of New South Wales, Eden. R. Shiels, Forest Assistant, Ecology, Southern Research Centre, State Forests of New South Wales, Eden. D. Binns, Research Officer, Forest Ecology Section, Research Division, State Forests of New South Wales.

Published by:

Research Division, State Forests of New South Wales, 27 Oratava Avenue, West Pennant Hills, 2125 p.a. Box 100, Beecroft 2119 .

Copyright © 1995 by State Forests of New South Wales

DDC 581.099447 ISSN 1033-1220 ISBN 073106723 1 CONTENTS

ABSTRACT iii INTRODUCTION 1 THE STUDY AREA 2 1. LOCATION 2 2. PHYSIOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHY 2 3. DISTURBANCE HISTORY 2 4. PREVIOUS VEGETATION STUDIES 3 METHODS 4 1. SITE WCATION 4 2. DATA COLLECTION 6 3. AND NOMENCLATURE 6 4. liMITATIONS 6 5. DATAANALYSIS 6

RESULTS 8 1. FWRISTICS 8 2. FOREST OVERSTOREY GROUPS 8 3. UNDERSTOREY FLORISTIC GROUPS 8 4. VEGETATION TYPES 8 Group 1 Eucalyptusjastigata forest 9 Group 2 obliqua forest 10 Group 3 Eucalyptus jraxinoides forest 10 Group 4 Eucalyptus sieberi forest 11 Group 5 Eucalyptus dalrympleana forest 12 Group 5r Eucalyptus dalrympleana - Eucalyptus radiata forest 12 Group 6 Eucalyptus radiata - E.viminalis forest 13 Group 6s Eucalyptus smithii forest 13 Group 7 Eucalyptus viminalis forest 13 Group 8 open forest 14 Group 9 Eucalyptus nitens forest 14 Group 10 Eucalyptus rubida open forest 15 Group 11 Eucalyptus melliodora - E. tereticornis forest 15 Group 12 Eucalyptus globoidea forest 15 Group 13 Eucalyptus muelleriana forest 16 Group 14 Eucalyptus mannifera woodland 16 Group 15 forest 16 Group 16 Rainforest 17 Group 17 Grasslands 17 Group 18 Heath 18 Group 19 Swamp Heath 18

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 5. COMPARISON OF VEGETATION CLASSIFICATIONS 19 6. LOGGINGIMPACT 22 DISCUSSION 26 1. SIGNIFICANT SPECIES 26 2. CONSERVATION STATUS OF PLANT COMMUNITIES 28 (a) Background information 28 (b) Plant Communities 32 3. IMPACT OF LOGGING 39 4. WEEDS 40 RECOMMENDATIONS 41 1. INTRODUCTION 41 2. SIGNIFICANT PLANT SPECIES 41 3. SIGNIFICANT PLANT COMMUNITIES 42 4. AMEliORATION OF FORESTRY IMPACTS 43 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 44

REFERENCES 45 TABLES Table 1. Distribution ofplots by broad geographic categories 4 Table 2. Relationship between'Overstorey Groups, QFS Communities, Forest Types 20 and Understorey Floristic Groups by plot number Table 3. Species richness ofplots compared with logging history 24 Table 4. Species showing a significant difference in distribution between 24 logged and unlogged plots Table 5. Species showing a significant differe~ce in cover between 25 logged and unlogged plots Table 6. Conservation status ofvegetation groups from Benson (1989) 28 Table 7. Areas of Vegetation Groups and Types in the proposed Tuross- 29 Table 8. Areas ofForest Types and sampling intensity 30 Table 9. Estimated areas ofVegetation Groups within the Study Area 31 Table 10. Eucalypt Vegetation Groups and Conservation Status 33 FIGURES Figure 1. Plot locations and ROTAP records 5 Figure 2. Scatterplot ofhybrid MDS co-ordinates for plots grouped by logging category 23 APPENDICES Appendix 1 Species list and occurrences by plots 47 Appendix 2 Forest Overstorey Groups 63 Appendix 3 Understorey Floristic Groups 66

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES ii SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 ABSTRACT

This report describes a survey ofvascular flora in the Queanbeyan and Badja Management Areas on the Southern Tableland of New South Wales. An area of approximately 80,000 ha of State Forest and Leasehold land was surveyed using 112 non-permanent survey plots each {).t ha in area. Plots were randomly distributed within strata defined by mapped forest types. Additional information was obtained from other published and unpublished reports and data bases.

About500 vascularplanttaxa are known from the area, including 15 rare and 21 naturalised exotics.

InfOlmationfromthesurveyplots was analysed using anumericalhierarchical agglomerative classification system. Trees were classified into 18 groups and understorey plants were classified into 28 groups in the analyses. Based on these classifications, 35 plant communiti~s were described in 21 broader vegetation groups comprising the 18 tree dominated groups and three non-forest groups. The communities were related to ForestTypes which are the operationalscale vegetationunits used by StateForests Management

Logged and unlogged areas were surveyed. Floristic variation associated with logging history was less than that encompassed by natural environmental variation.

The conservation status ofthe plant communities and ofthe rare plants was assessed. Recommendations intended to assure the conservation ofthe flora are presented.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES iii /NTROD ueT/ON

This reportpresentsthe results ofa sUlvey ofvascularflora undertaken in State Forests and CrownTimber Lands in thevicinity ofthe east ofQueanbeyan and insouthernNew South Wales.

The objectives were:

1. To describe the vegetation ofthe area and compile an inventory ofvascular flora.

2. To identify flora ofparticular conservation significance.

3. To identify vegetation types ofparticular conservation significance.

4. To assess the significance ofthe flora in local, regional, state and national contexts.

5. To considerlikely impacts onthe flora ofproposed forestry operations and discuss possible options to ameliorate the likely impacts.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW soum WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 1 THE STUDY AREA

1. LOCATION

The Study Area comprises Tallaganda, Bendoura, and Badja State Forests and associated Crown Timber Lands which lie on or adjacent to the Great Dividing Range east of Queanbeyan and Cooma in southern New South Wales. It is bounded approximately by latitudes 35° IS' - 36°15'S and longitudes 149° 24' E- 149° 45' E and covers about 80,000 ha.

2. PHYSIOGRAPHYAND GEOGRAPHY

The area occupies the Great Dividing Range which forms the watershed between the 'coastal' rivers including the Shoalhaven and Tuross Rivers which drain towards the east coast ofthe continent and the 'inland' rivers - Molonglo, Queanbeyan, Bredbo and Numeralla which drain in a westerly and southerly direction to the south coast ofthe continent.

A small area (roughly 1800 ha) ofthe north western corner ofTallaganda State Forest drains into Lake George which is an inland lake not connected with the ocean.

Bendoura and BerlangState Forests form aseparate smallerareato the eastofthe GreatDivide onthe lower watershed between two coastal rivers - the Deua and the Shoalhaven. The Shoalhaven is generally northerly flowing in this locality, while a number of tributaries of the Deua flow in generally easterly direction.

Elevations in the Study Area range from around 200 m on the Tuross Riverto around 1400m on the higher peaks ofthe Great Divide.

The area contains alargeproportionofmountainous terrainand smallerproportions ofhillyorflat to rolling terrain (Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales 1983, 1984).

A complex array ofgeological types occur in the area but the major types are (roughly in decreasing order of abundance) Silurian/Devonian granites, Ordovician sediments, Silurian and Upper Silurian acid volcanics and sediments and UpperDevoniansediments (Forestry CommissionofNew SouthWales 1983, 1984).

3. DISTURBANCE HISTORY

Thenorthern partofthe area inthe vicinity ofCaptainsFlathas alonghistory ofselective logging (Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales 1984). More recently (last decade) logging has concentrated on the southern part ofthe area south from around Anembo. Due to market limitations and the Forest Types present, the recent logging has been reasonably selective and confined to a fairly narrow range ofForest Types.

Some areas have been utilised for grazing, particularly areas offlat to rolling terrain adjoining freehold property in the south ofthe area.

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, STATB FORESTS OF NEW SOUTIl WALES 2 SOUTIlERN REGION, NEW SOUTIl WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 The area has notbeenfrequently affected bywildfire. Three severe wildfrres wererecorded in 1939, 1955 and 1961 (Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales 1984).

4. PREVIOUS VEGErATION STUDIES

The areahas beenclassified into ForestTypes based onAerial Photography Interpretation (APn usingthe system described by Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales (1989).

No detailed vegetation surveys have been previously carried out in the Study Area although it has been partly surveyed inbroad scale investigations oflargerareas e.g. Costin(1954), CSIRO (1969) and Austin and Cocks (1978). Vegetationsurveys have also beencarried outinadjoiningNationalParks and Wildlife Service (NPWS)lands byOuthred1 (unpubl. data), Gilmour2 (unpubl. data) and Crawford3 (unpubl. data). We considered relevant infonnation from some of these surveys in our discussions.

State Forests ofNew South Wales staffhave previously investigated specific sites in the area. D. Binns (State Forests internal file report) reported surveys ofParkers Gap and Jerrabattgulla Forest Preserves. These data are included in Appendix 1.

NPWS have provided records covering the Study Area from their database on Rare or Threatened AustralianPlants(ROTAP) (Briggs and Leigh1988). Thesedata are also includedinAppendix 1,together with some plant species records held by Botanic Gardens which are additional to those derived from the above sources.

1 Outhred. R. (1984). Vascular Plants ofWadbilligaNational Park- Provisional Species List. ReportforNSWNationalParks and Wildlife Service.

2 Gilmour, P. (1984). Vegetation ofDeuaNationalPark. Unpublished Report. National Parks and Wildlife Service Sydney.

3 Crawford, I. (1992) Vegetation Mapping ofWadbilliga National Park and the Proposed Bemboka National Park. Reporl prepared for NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 3 METHODS

1. SITE WCATION

Data were derived from 112 non permanent plots established within the Study Area. Additional plant species encountered in the course oftraversing the area were also recorded.

The Study Area was stratified according to mapped Forest Types (Forestry Commission of New South Wales 1989) determined by API and extensive field checking. Plots were randomly allocated within each stratum at an intensity ofaround one plot per thousand hectares. The advantages ofusing mapped Forest Types ratherthan physical environmental parameters as strata for sampling are discussed by Binns (1995). Most importantly, Forest Types act as a surrogate which integrates and reflects a range of physical environmental attributes potentially allowing more efficient sampling than that based on a combination ofphysical attributes (Binns 1995). Physical environmental attributes were recorded at each plot.

Due to thelongnarrow configurationofthe mainpartofthe Study Area and because Berlang and Bendoura State Forests occupy a discrete area, geographical stratification was also used, at least for the more extensive types. Plots were randomly selected from within separate geographic areas roughly in proportionto the extentofeach area. The distribution ofplots according to broad geographic areas is shown in Table 1. The distribution ofplots according to Forest Type is shown in Table 8.

Table 1. Distribution of plots by broad geographic categories.

Logging history was assessed at each ofthe survey plots. Plots were classified as logged ifthey contained sawn stumps and the estimated.age ofthe stumps was used to indicate logging age. A range oflogging histories was sampled including unlogged, recently logged and older logged plots.

Surveys were carried out by Staff ofState Forests' Southern Research Centre. R. Shiels and R. AlIen, sometimes with V. Jurskis, surveyed the area during two periods, one in spring/early summer 1993 and anotherin mid-summer 1994/95. Inthe first period (plots 1to 80), plotlocationwas constrained for logistic reasons so that plots in excess ofabout 500 m from vehicular (four wheel drive) access were rejected and replaced by more accessible randomly selected plots ofthe same Forest Type. No such constraints were applied in the second survey (plots 81-112).

Approximate plot locations are shown in Figure 1.

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 4 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Figure 1. Plot locations and ROTAP records.

Fo

D

Fo

KEY TO ROTAP SPECIES A Baeckea denticwlaJa SCALE B Discaria pwbescens o 1 2 3 .. a 1(Jun C Diwis aeqwalis D Dodonea rJwmhifolw E Eucalyptus badjensis F Eucalyptus kartzOJTUllUl G Eucalyptus parvwla Sl;t.TEFOREST H Gentiana bredboensis I Leucopogon fietcheri I Phabaliwm carrwthersii OTHER CROWN TENURE K Phebaliwm e/lipticwm L Pomaderris costala M monticola N Prostanthera walteri o Westringia lucida

N I

STATB FORESTS OF NEW SOU11I WALES FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYAN/BADIA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 5 2. DATA COLLECTION

Plots were located and positioned and floristic, structural and environmentaldata were recorded according to the methods described by Binns and Chapman 1993. Plotsizewas 0.1 ha, usually a 50m x20m rectangle oriented along the topographic contour.

Within each plot species were recorded and identified where possible to species level. Heights ofvegetation strata were subjectively defined and recorded. Covercodes were estimated for each species within each vertical stratum and within the plot as whole when species occurred in two or more strata. Six covercodes were used representing categories ranging from less than 5% cover(two categories depending on the number ofindividuals) to more than 75% cover.

At each plot physical and historical habitatdata including slope, altitude, aspect, topographic position and estimated logging and fire history were recorded.

3. TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE

Taxonomy and nomenclature follow the National Herbarium ofNew South Wales as published in Harden (1990,1991,1992,1993). State Forests' Research Scientist- D. Binns assisted the field survey crew with identification ofsome specimens.

Many taxa could not be identified to species level because adequate material was not available. This was particularly true of those Orchidaceae which had no sexual material at the time of survey. Additionally some species ofPoa, are difficult to distinguish even with the benefit ofsexual material. This is especially trueforPoa meionectes and Poa sieberiana. No attempthas beenmadeto separatethese species in analysis of the survey data.

4. UMITATIONS

Some species, especially monocotyledons, may have been overlooked due to vegetative similarity to common species. The survey was not exhaustive and further species would be recorded with additional effort.

5. DATA ANALYSIS

Data analysis was perfonned by D. Binns. Floristic data were classified into vegetation Communities using a numerical hierarchical agglomerative classification process, using the Bray-Curtis association measure on percentage cover and a flexible UPGMA sorting strategy with beta =0.0 (FUSE module of the PATN package (Belbin 1988». Although the procedure provides a repeatable and explicit method of defining Communities, there are a number ofcritical decisions required which are essentially subjective and whichmay substantially affectthe final Community composition. The most importantofthese are the choice ofbeta and the choice of an appropriate level in the dendrogram to define Communities. A beta value of zero was chosen to avoid exaggerating floristic differences between the groups (Binns 1995). Floristic groups were defmed at a dissimilarity level of0.7. This is consistent with other recent surveys by State Forests and appears to reflect Communities as they are perceived in the field (Binns 1995). Since there was no consistency in the separation of individual Poa species throughout the survey, Poa species have been grouped in the analyses.

FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYAN/BADIA EIS AREA. STATE FORESTS OF NEW soum WALES 6 SOU1llERN REGION. NEW soum WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Any Community analysis must be regarded as only a guide to the tendency of certain groups ofspecies to co-occur. It is a convenient means ofexamining vegetation patterns rather than a definitive statement of vegetation composition. Both horizontal patterns and vertical structure require consideration. In forests, some degree ofvertical layering is usually discernible, and patterns vary among strata. Overstorey and the various understorey strata respond differently to environmental factors and an analysis ofall strata Combined may obscure spatial patterns, but it is difficult to set height limits which will allow separate examination ofstrata across a range ofvegetation types.

Trees respond to enviro:nmental factors on alarger scale than small herbs and, because oftheir longevity, their distribution may also reflect different historical factors than smaller plants (Austin etal. 1990). The use ofseparate classifications for canopy and understorey has greaterpotentialusefulness than acombined all species classification (Austin et al. 1990). Thus, two analyses were perfonned - cover ofall species excluding eucalypts and basal area of all stems>10 cm dbhob. As only cover-abundance codes were recorded for understorey floristic data, these were converted to percentages for analysis, as the mid-point ofthe cover class for cover >5% and using 1% and 3% for codes 1 and 2 respectively.

It is not possible to fonnulate strong conclusions on logging effects unless both pre-logging and post logging data from the same site are available. This survey provided only retrospective data which do not provide conclusive evidence oflogging effects. Nevertheless the ordination technique ofhybrid multi­ dimensional scaling was used to indicate possible logging impact on Community composition, using the MDS module in the computer package PATN (Belbin 1988). This technique is robust to variations in underlying species response models (Faith etal. 1987), butthe results depend on thenumber ofdimensions chosen. Inaddition, unrealisticdistortions may resultifthe data areveryheterogeneous. To avoid thelatter problem, a subset ofthe data was analysed, representing the more closely related understorey types and derived by imposing a threshold value of 0.85 on the floristic dendrogram to exclude plots with very distinct floristic compositions.

The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the tloristic richness ofplots in three logging categories (unlogged, recently logged, logged more than 10 years previously).

Possible logging effect on individual species was examined using a Fisher's exact test on frequencies of occurrence inlogged and unlogged plots. This was done only for those species which occurred in at least five plots. Meancovercode ofeachofthese species was also compared betweenlogged and unlogged plots using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

STATB FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES 7 ------_ .. -

RESULTS

1. FWRISTICS

About 500 vascular plant taxa (including 21 naturalised species) were recorded from the present survey, previous surveys by State Forests staff, records from NPWS ROTAP data base, and records from the herbarium ofthe National Botanic Gardens. These taxa are listed in Appendix 1. Fifteen ROTAP species are believed to occur on or near the Study Area.

2. FOREST OVERSTOREY GROUPS

Basal areas oftrees greaterthan 10 cm dbhob by species have been used to classify overstorey floristic data as described above. Sixteen forest overstorey groups may be recognised at the O.73 level ofdissimilarity in the dendrogram, and two groups were further sub-divided to give 18 groups. The 18 groups are shown in Appendix 2. Group 5 was sub-divided to separate out plots where Eucalyptus dalrympleana was co­ dominant with E. radiata and/or E. dives. Group 6 was sub-divided to distinguish plots containing E. smithii.

3. UNDERSTOREY FLORISTIC GROUPS

At abroad level (dissimilarity of0.7), twenty-eight groups were derived from classification ofthe floristic data, excluding eucalypts. These are described in Appendix 3.

4. VEGETATION TYPES

Thirty-five Communities are briefly described below as understorey/overstorey combinations in twenty­ one broader vegetation groups comprising the 18 forest groups and three non-forest groups. The groups are essentially based onthe forest overstorey classification (Section 2 above) and the understorey floristic groups are used to sub-divide the groups into communities. The groups are, as far as possible, (subjectively) related to the equivalent association of Benson (1989). Communities are identified as "QFSX.Y" where X indicates the Forest Overstorey Group or broad Vegetation Group and, where applicable, Yindicates the sub-division into aCommunity based onunderstorey floristics and/orstructural. considerations. In a few cases we allocated plots to Communities outside the Forest Overstorey Group to which the plots were assigned in the basal area dendrogram. These subjective decisions were based on the understorey floristics, co-dominantcanopy species and ForestTypes (Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales, 1989) as perceived in the field. Our intention was to define Communities which could be more easily related to ForestTypes (Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales 1989) as mapped using API and as perceived in the field. Five plots were affected. These were Plots 25, 55, 75,80 and 98.

Unusual structural/floristic Communities not sampled in the 112 randomly located plots are briefly mentioned inthis section. The Groups and Communities are related to ForestTypes (Forestry Commission of New South Wales 1989) in Section 5.

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 8 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Group 1 • Eucalyptus jastigata forest

Forest dominated by E.fastigata sometimes together with E. cypellocarpa. Often has E. viminalis, E. radiata, or E.fraxinoides as associates.

This Group occupies the better sites for forest growth in the Study Area. It occurs on sites with relatively deep soil, good moisture and moderate drainage without extreme cold or exposure and the understoreys in the group generally have a moderate to high species richness. The widespread Group was represented by 26 plots in this survey. It probably corresponds with three associations listed by Benson (1989) ­ E.fastigata ± E. dalrympleana, E.fastigata - E.fraxinoides and E.fastigata - E. viminalis - E. radiata. Howeverthe majority ofthe area occupied by this Group in the Study Area probably corresponds with the latter of Benson's associations. This is probably the most commercially important group for timber production in the Study Area.

QFS 1.1 Eucalyptusjastigata - Poa open forest Plots 1,2,3,6,29,51, 78. Forest Types (FT) 154, 155. Understorey Floristic Group (UFG) 1. Mean Species Richness (MSR) 34.

Awidespread tall open forest Community sometimes having ascattered shrub layerbut invariably having a dense ground cover (50 to 100%) dominated by Poa. E.jastigata is clearly dominant in the overstorey. E. viminalis is often an associate. Height range 25-35 m. Crown cover 50-80%.

QFS 1.2 Eucalyptusjastigata - Pteridium esculentum open forest Plots 5,8,27,30,31,32,52. FT 154. UFG 8, 9, 10. MSR 28.

A tall (35 m) open forest with scattered shrubs such as Pomaderrisaspera orLeucopogon lanceolatus and a moderately dense ground cover dominated by P. esculentum. Often occurs on steeper slopes than the previous Community where favourable moisture conditions are relatedmoreto sheltered aspectratherthan precipitation or soil texture and depth. E. jastigata dominates the canopy but may have E. radiata, E. cypellocarpa or E.fraxinoides as associates. Crown cover 60 to 80%.

QFS 1.3 Eucalyptus jastigata - Dianella tasmanica open forest Plots 7,28, 39, 76, 94, 96, 99. FT 154, 155, 156. UFG 4, 11. MSR 28.

A tall open forest ofE.jastigata sometimes in association with other eucalypts including E. jraxinoides, E. dalrympleana and E. viminalis. Has a dense ground cover dominated by D. tasmanica withPoa and ferns. There is a scattering of shrubs including Leucopogon lanceolatus. Occurs on gentle to moderate slopes. Height range 28 to 35 m. Crown cover 60-85%.

QFS 1.4 Eucalyptusjastigata - Eucalyptus cypellocarpa open forest Plots 81, 82, 92. FT 155. UFG 11. MSR 35.

Atall (35 m) open forest in which E.fastigata dominates the canopy in association with E. cypellocarpa and E. obliqua. There is aferny ground layerdominated by Blechnum cartilagineum. Occurs on Berlang State Forest at lower altitudes than other Communities in the Group. Height range 31 to 42 m. Crown cover 55%

QFS 1.5 Eucalyptusjastigata ferny forest Plots 97, 106. FT 154. UFG 13. MSR 32.

Similarto the previous Community inhaving aferny groundlayerbutdominated, inthis case, by Blechnum nudum and Polystichum prolijerum. The Understorey Floristic Group is unique to this Community.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES 9 E. cypellocarpa is notpresentbutE. viminalismaybepresent. Occurs athigheraltitudesthantheprevious Community.

Eucalyptusjastigata shrubby forest

A low (about 20 m) forest dominated by E.jastigata and having a thick shrubby understorey dominated by Tasmannia lanceolata (UFG 12 Appendix 3) was observed butnotsampled. This Community appears to occurinfertile and moist exposed positions nearhigh peaks onthe Great Divide ego south ofBigBadja Hill and near Rocky Pie east ofCaptains Flat.

Eucalyptusjastigata - Dianella tasmanica low open forest

Again, this Community was observed but notsampled. Itappears to be a variant ofQFS 1.3 occurring on westerly aspects in the vicinity of Big Badja Hill where the topography and geology may give rise to unusually favourable precipitation and soil conditions onthe exposed aspect. E.fastigata with E. radiata and/orE. nitens fonns a low forest (about 20 m) ofpoorly fonned trees overanopen understorey/ground layer dominated byD. tasmanica. Probably occurs under slightly less shelter orprecipitation than theE. jastigata shrubby forest Community.

Group 2 • Eucalyptus obliqua forest

Forest in which E. obliqua is a dominant or co-dominant species.

QFS 2 Eucalyptus obliqua - Dianella tasmanica open forest Plots 4, 48, 49, 53, 54,67, 73,80,83,85, 86. FT 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 158. UFG 1,3,4, 11. MSR 36.

Tall openforest floristically similarto QFS 1.3 and 1.4. HoweverE. obliquausually dominates the canopy with associates including E. radiata, E.jastigata and either E. cypellocarpa or E. viminalis. Height development is often less than in the E. jastigata group. This Community tends to occupy less sheltered but often flatter sites than the fonner. Height range 25-38 m. Crown Cover 60-80%

The Community occurs on middle or lower altitudes on moderate topography on the eastern fall ofthe Gourock Range and on Berlang State Forest between and Majors Creek. On moister more sheltered sites itis replaced bytheE. jastigata group and onmoister flatter sites (lowerinthe topographic sequence) bytheE. viminalis group. Itappears to Correspond withtheE. obliqua -E. jastigata association of Benson (1989).

Group 3 • Eucalyptusjraxinoides forest

Forest dominated by E. jraxinoides.

This Group corresponds with the E.jraxinoides association ofBenson (1989).

QFS 3 Eucalyptusjraxinoides forest Plots 9, 11, 13,36,56,58. FT 162. UFG 8, 9, 14, 15, 16. MSR 21.

Open forest dominated by E.jraxinoides usually withone ormore ofthe species E. radiata, E. sieberi or E.jastigata as associates. Open understorey with scattered shrubs or eucalypt regeneration and a sparse to dense ground storey (5 to 90%) ofsmall shrubs or bracken fem Understoreys have a relatively low species richness. Height range 22 to 30 m. Crown cover 40 to 70%.

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 10 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Widespread distribution in more exposed positions with good drainage at intermediate altitudes. A situation which appears to be occupied by the E. sieberi Community in lower or drier areas and the E. pauciflora Community in higher or colder areas.

Group 4 . Eucalyptus sieberi forest

Woodland or forest dominated by E. sieberi.

Widespread woodland, open forest and tall open forest occuning in higher or more exposed topographic positions at lower altitudes (plot average about 970 m) throughout the Study Area on well drained sites. Appears to correspond with the E. sieberi association of Benson (1989) although he does not list it as occuning in the .

QFS 4.1 Eucalyptus sieberi - Eucalyptus radiata open forest Plots 24, 44, 46, 79. Pr 113. UFG 3, 8,9. MSR 28.

Tall open forest dominated by E. sieberi but with a substantial component ofE. radiata. Understoreys dominated by Pteridium esculentum, Leucopogon lanceolatus and Lomandra longifolia. Height range 25 to 30 m. Crown cover 65 to 90%.

QFS 4.2 Eucalyptus sieberi - Eucalyptus dives open forest Plots 15,43. Pr 112. UFG 22. MSR 29.

Open forest dominated by E. sieberi with E. dives forming a minor midstorey component Sparse understorey containing terminalis and Oxylobium ilicifolium. These two plots are unique (within Group 4) in having a component ofE. dives in the stand and have a unique Understorey PIoristic Group. Height 25 m. Crown cover 70 to 85%.

The Communityoccurs inthe north ofthe Study Area on dry sites atlow altitudes on sedimentary substrate.

QFS 4.3 Eucalyptus sieberi open forest Plots 10, 12, 14, 16,22,23,41,42. Pr 112. UFG, 3, 8,9, 15, 17,23. MSR 24.

Open forest dominated by E. sieberi. Often has E. radiata as an associate and may have one or more of a range ofspecies including E. smithii, E. globoidea, E.jastigata, E.jraxinoides and E. viminalis. The understorey is correspondingly very variable including six floristic groups (Appendix 3). Height range 20 to 33 m. Crown cover 40 to 80%.

The variability probably reflects a range of environmental and historical factors. For example, the overstoreyofPlot22 includes the unusual associatesE. jastigata andE. viminalis and the understorey falls into floristic Group 3 (Appendix 3) which has a high species richness. This indicates that the 'plot is occupying a relatively moist and fertile site probably on an ecotone with another Community. Some other plots have been recently logged and/or burnt. Plot 41 has been severely burnt quite recently and has a unique Understorey PIoristic Group.

QFS 4.4 Eucalyptus sieberi low open woodland Plot64. Pr234. UFG 17. MSR27.

Open (10% crown cover) woodland 15 m high dominated by E. sieberi with E. smithii as an associate. Occurs on a rocky site with a low «1 m) scattered understorey of sedges and shrubs. Represents the extremesituationoftheE. sieberi group on skeletal soilbutshares anunderstorey floristic Group with plots from the E.jraxinoides and E. dalrympleana Overstorey Groups.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA. FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION. NEW SOUTH WALES 11 Group 5 • Eucalyptus dalrympleana forest

Forest dominated by E. dalrympleana often with E. pauciflora as an associate.

Probably corresponds to the E. pauciflora - E. dalrympleana association ofBenson (1989).

QFS 5.1 Eucalyptus dalrympleana grassy forest Plots 20, 74, 77, 105, 107, 109. Pr 111, 138, 140, 159. UFO 1,3,4,5, 16. MSR 30.

Openforestdominated byE. dalrympleana inassociationwithE. paucifloraorE. radiata. Anopengrassy understorey dominated by Poa or Lomandra longifolia.

This Community has a widespread occurrence in slightly more exposed positions than the E.fastigata Oroupusually onundulating topography athigheraltitudes. Heightrange 25-28 m. Crown cover60-70%.

QFS 5.2 Eucalyptus dalrympleana heathy forest

Plots 108, 110. Pr 140, 159. UFO 18,27. MSR 17. Height range 25-30 m. Crown cover 35-45%

Open forest dominated by E. dalrympleana with a low shrubby understorey. Occurs in similar positions to the previous Community possibly on poorer soils. Plot 110 shares its UFO with Plot 68 - a heath Community on a rocky outcrop.

Group Sr • Eucalyptus dalrympleana • Eucalyptus radiata forest

Forest dominated byE. dalrympleana together with eitherE. radiata orE. dives. Often has E. viminalis as an associate.

Probably falls within the E. paucijlora - E. dalrympleana association ofBenson (1989).

QFS 5r.1 Eucalyptus dalrympleana - Eucalyptus dives low open forest Plots 45,59. Pr 131, 159. UFO 2,6. MSR 43.

Low open forest onpoorly drained sites at relatively low altitudes inthe north ofthe survey area. Canopy dominatedbyE. dalrympleanaand sometimesE. viminalisinroughlyequalproportions withE. dives. There are scattered shrubs and a dense (>70%) florisitically rich ground layerin whichPoaisprominent. Height range 15 to 18 m. Crown cover 60 to 75%.

QFS 5r.2 Eucalyptus dalrympleana - Eucalyptus radiata - Lomandra longifolia open forest Plots 17,55,62. Pr 111, 131, 159. UFO 16, 17. MSR 25.

Open forest dominated byE. dalrympleana and E. radiata, in association withE. viminalis. Understorey contains a moderate density of shrubs and there is usually a dense (>50%) ground cover dominated by L.longifolia orPoa. Height range 25 to 30 m. Crown cover 65 to 70%.

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, STATB FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 12 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Group 6 • Eucalyptus radiata • Eucalyptus viminalis forest

Openforest inwhichE. radiata is eitherdominant orco-dominant withE. viminalis. Occurs onmoderate topographyinexposoopositionsthroughoutthe StudyArea. Probablycorresponds withE. radiata -E. dives - E. dalrympleana association ofBenson (1989).

QFS 6.1 Eucalyptus viminalis - Eucalyptus radiata open forest Plots 19,40,47, 84,95, 104. Fr 111, 131. UFG 1,3,9. MSR 36.

Open forest dominated byE. viminalis and/or E. radiata. A diverse understorey/ground layerconsisting of low shrubs, grass, sedges and bracken fern. Occurs on undulating topography in Tallaganda State Forest. Height range 22 to 30 m. Canopy cover 35 to 80%.

QFS 6.2 Eucalyptus radiata heathy open forest Plots21,25 and 26. FrIll, 131. UFG7, 14. MSR 28. Height range 20-30 m. Crown cover 45-85%.

OpenforestdominatedbyE. radiatawithE. viminalis and/orE. dalrympleana. Heathyunderstoreyfeaturing Acrotrichedivaricata orMonotocascoparia withotherlowshrubs sedges andgrasses. Occurs inthe south ofthe Study Area possibly on poorer soils than the previous Community.

Group 6s • Eucalyptus smithii forest

Forest in which E. smithii is a dominant or co-dominant species.

Appears to fit into the E. muelleriana - E. smithii association ofBenson (1989).

QFS 6s Eucalyptus smithii forest Plots 57, 72, FT 165. UFG 3,17. MSR 38.

Tall openforest dominatedbyE. smithii withE. radiata as an associate. A diverse shrub and ground layer including Leucopogon lanceolatus, Pteridium esculentum and Lomandra longifolia.

Restricted distribution in the northern part ofthe Study Area. Occurs on sedimentary substrates usually onslopes belowE. sieberi forest inthe wannersheltered positions. Heightrange 25 to 39m. Crowncover 65%.

Group 7· Eucalyptus viminalis forest

ForestinwhichE. viminalis iseitherdominantorco-dominantwitheitherE. dalrympleanaorE. paucijlora.

This widespread group occurs on cold orsomewhat exposed sites with good soil depth and moisture. It corresponds to the E. viminalis association ofBenson (1989).

QFS 7.1 Eucalyptus viminalis forest Plots 33, 34, 35, 61, 75, 93, 100, 101, 102. FT 138, 159. UFG 1, 3, 4. MSR 36

Widespread inthe survey area and closely related to Group 1 (E.fastigata). It occurs underless sheltered conditions with good soil moisture. Itis also related to Group 5 (E. dalrympleana) which tends to occur on less favourable aspects.

STATB FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 13 QFS 7.2 Eucalyptus viminalis - Leptospermum myrtifolium swamp woodland Plot 38. Ff 231. UFG 1. MSR 38.

TallsparsewoodlandwithscatteredlargeE. viminalis andsmall«30cmdbh)E. paucijlora andE. viminalis overa moderate shrub layerofL. myrtifolium and Baeckea utilis and a dense (100%) grassy ground cover. Height 20 m. Crown cover <10%.

This plot on Badja State Forest in the south ofthe Study Area represents the extreme ofGroup 7 under impeded drainage conditions.

Group 8 • Eucalyptus pauciflora open forest

Forest dominated by E. pauciflora.

Occurs throughout the Study Area on higher altitude (plot average about 1250 m), sites in more exposed topographic positions. This group probably corresponds to two associations of Benson (1989) ­ E. pauciflora ssp. pauciflora ± E. stellulata and E. pauciflora - E. dalrympleana.

QFS 8.1 Eucalyptus paucijlora open forest Plots 37, 50, 69,98. Ff 138, 140. UFO 1,3. MSR 31.

Low open forest dominated by E. pauciflora. E. dalrympleana may occur as a minor associate. Open understorey with a dense grassy ground layer dominated by Poa.

QFS 8.2 Eucalyptus paucijlora shrubby forest Plot 18. Ff 138. UFG 12. MSR 19.

Lowopenforest differs from previous Community inhaving a dense shrublayerdominated by Tasmannia lanceolata. It is similar in this respect to Community 9. Together these Communities fonn a unique understorey floristic group (Group 12, Appendix 3) which appears to be associated with moist fertile sites in exposed positions on favourable aspects. Height 18 m. Crown cover 90%.

Group 9 • Eucalyptus nitens forest

Forest dominated by E. nitens.

This Group has a very restricted distribution in the Study Area. It occurs at high altitudes with high precipitation and good soil depth and moisture. It probably corresponds to the E. nitens association of Benson (1989), however he does not list it as occurring in the southern tablelands.

QFS 9 Eucalyptus nitens tall open forest Plot 60. pr 158. UFG 12. MSR 34.

Tall open forest dominated by E. nitens. E. pauciflora is an associate species in the lower canopy. A moderately dense (30%) shrublayerinwhichTasmannia lanceolata, Lomatiajraseri andPersooniasilvatica areprominent. Amoderatelydense ground coverdominatedbyPoa. Thespecies richness oftheunderstorey is much higher than in the previous Community even though they fall in the same UFO. Height 35 m. Crown cover 45% (including regrowth component).

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, STATB FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 14 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 This plotwas logged about 15 years ago. QFS 9 appears to beintennediatebetweentheE./astigata group (Group 1) and theE. pauciflora group (Group 8) in generalhabitatrequirements butis possibly associated with high soil fertility and high precipitation.

Group 10 • Eucalyptus rubida open forest

Forest dominated by E. rubida and E. dives. E. pauciflora is an associate.

This Group occurs on undulating topography around the western foothills ofthe Great Dividing Range. Probably corresponds with Benson's (1989) E. rubida - E. viminalis association.

QFS 10 Eucalyptus rubida low'open forest Plot 103. Pr 141. UFG 5. MSR 28.

Low openforest dominated byE. rubida and E. dives. May contain E. dalrympleana. E. pauciflora is an associate. A very sparse shrub layer including Acacia dealbata. The ground layeris dominated by Poa. This plot has a unique understorey floristic group. Height 20 m. Crown cover 55%.

Oursurvey sampled this Community at Plot 103. Itis very difficult to distinguish betweenE. rubida and thecloselyrelatedE. dalrympleana. Wehaveassigned alltrees ofeitherspecies asE. rubida intheanalyses.

Group 11- Eucalyptus melliodora - Eucalyptus tereticomis forest

Forest dominated by E. melliodora and E. tereticornis.

Sampled at one plot on a steep escarpment within Berlang State Forest.

QFS 11 Eucalyptus melliodora - E. tereticornis forest Plot 87. Pr 166. UFG 19. MSR 41.

Open forest dominated by E. melliodora with E. tereticornis and E. maidenii. Diverse understorey with a grassy ground layer dominated by Poa and Lomandra longifolia and a medium shrub layer dominated by Ozothamnus argophyllus and Indigo/era australis. Height 24 m. Crown cover 65%

This Community may be similar to the E. tereticornis - E. globoidea association ofBenson (1989).

Group 12 • Eucalyptus globoidea forest

Forest containing E. globoidea as a co-dominant species.

ThisGroupoccursonslopes atlowaltitudes neartheTurossRiveronBadjaStateForest. Itappears to come under the E. globoidea - E. baueriana - association ofBenson (1989).

QFS 12 Eucalyptus globoidea forest Plot 88, 111. Pr 133, 159. UFG 21. MSR 39.

OpenforestcontainingE. globoidea inassociationwithE. angophoroides andAngophorafloribunda. Low shrubby understorey dominated by Leucopogon juniperinus. Height20to 30m. Crowncover40 to 60%. The API classification ofthe area around Plot 111 as Forest Type 159 appears to be in error.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 . SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 15 Group 13 • Eucalyptus muelleriana forest

Forest in which E. muelleriana is a dominant or co-dominant species.

This Group tends to replace the previous group where moisture is favourable dueto more sheltered aspects or heavier soils. Probably fits in the E. cypellocarpa - E. muelleriana association ofBenson (1989).

QFS 13 Eucalyptus muelleriana forest Plot 89, 90, 112. Ff 123, 157, 169. UFG 1, 11,20. MSR 44.

Open forest with E. muelleriana dominant orprominent inthe overstorey. Associated trees may include E. globoidea,E. angopJwroides,E. sieberi,E. maideniiorAngopJwrajloribunda. Occursonsteepslopes, at low altitudes in the south ofthe Study Area. Has floristically rich understoreys with a ferny or grassy ground layer, a scattering of shrubs and often an assortment of climbers such as Smilax australis and Eustrephus latifolius. Height 25 to 3Om. Crown cover 45 to 70%.

Group 14 • Eucalyptus mannifera woodland

Woodland dominated by E. mannifera.

This Group was sampled on only one, apparently highly disturbed, site in our survey. Much ofits habitat onlower altitude undulating topography may have been cleared for agriculture. Probably corresponds to E. mannifera ssp. maculosa association ofBenson (1989).

QFS 14 Eucalyptus mannifera open woodland Plot 63. Ff 220. UFG 29. MSR 36.

Low open woodland dominated by small trees «20 cm dbh) of E. mannifera with even smaller E. dalrympleana «10 cm dbh) as a minor associate. A moderate shrub layer ofKunzea parvifolia and Acacia melanoxylon with a dense ground layer dominated byPoa and ScJwenus apogon. This plothas a unique understorey floristic group (Group 26, Appendix 3). Height 10 m. Crown cover 10%.

Appears to represent regrowth from previous clearing for grazing. Occurs at a relatively low altitude (870 m) near Bombay in the north-east ofthe Study Area.

Group 15 • Eucalyptus stellulata forest

Forest dominated by E. stellulata.

This Group occurs in cold and exposed situations with high soil moisture. Probably included in the E. pauciflora ssp. pauciflora ±E. stellulata association ofBenson (1989).

QFS 15 Eucalyptus stellulata low open forest Plot 66. Ff 143. UFO 1. MSR 45.

Very low openforest canopy ofEucalyptus stellulata with one tree ofE. pauciflora. A dense, floristically rich, low understorey dominated by Poa. The understorey falls in floristic Group 1 (Appendix 3) and probably represents the extreme development ofthis grassy type ofunderstorey ie. a moist, cold, fertile site. Height 12 m. Crown cover 70%.

The plot occurs in a broad open creek flat at a relatively high altitude (1160 m) for this type ofposition.

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA. STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 16 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Group 16 - Rainforest

Forest dominated by Acmena smithii.

Sampled by one plot.

QFS 16 Acmena smithii rainforest Plot 91. Ff 18. UFG 33. MSR 26.

Alow, almostclosedforestdominatedbyAcmena smithii in association withBackhousiamyrtijolia. Dense ground layer ofPteris umbrosa and an assortment ofclimbers including Cissus hypoglauca, Pandorea pandorana and Marsdenia rostrata.

Wann temperate rainforest occurs in very sheltered positions at low altitudes in the Study Area. Cool temperate rainforest occurs to the east and south ofthe Study Area (Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales 1989, Keith and Sanders 1990, Gilmour2 unpubl. data).

Group 17 . Grasslands

The grasslands sampled in our survey do not appear to be natural plant communities.

QFS 17.1 Poa"grassland Plot 65. Ff 230. UFG 1. MSR 26.

A grassland with acomplete ground cover dominated by Poa. A few shrubs ofLeptospermum myrtijolium (>1 m tall) are emergent from the sward. Hydrocotyle laxijlora, Leptospermum myrtijolium, Goodenia humilis and Hypoxis hygrometrica are prominent in the ground layer.

Thisplotoccurs inthe same highelevationbroad valley as Plot 66 QFS 15 -Eucalyptus stellulata low open forest Itis slightly higherin the catchment (by 20 m). Theplotis adjacentto and lies betweentwo separate areas ofprivate property. There is some evidence (tree stumps) thatclearinghas taken place inthe vicinity. The area is surrounded by snow gum types and the grassland extends into the State Forest around a 20 ha block ofprivate land.

The plotfalls inunderstorey tloristic Group 1(Appendix 3) which contains forest Communities (including Plot 66). It is likely that this is an artificial Community resulting from clearing.

QFS 17.2 Nassella trichotoma grassland Plot 70. Ff 230. UFG 25. MSR 39.

A grassland with a scattering (5% cover) ofemergent shrubs ofLeptospermum myrtijolium, Leucopogon hookeri and Bursaria spinosa. The sward contains the introduced noxious weedNassella trichotoma. Also prominent are Juncus paucijlorus, Hypericumjaponicum and Lagenijera stipitata.

This area is narrow grassy strip in a drainage line adjoining cleared leasehold land. There is evidence of past clearing (stumps) in the vicinity. Appears to be an artificial Community resulting from clearing of a forest Community.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 17 Group 18 • Heath

This Group is very restricted on Tallaganda and Badja State Forests but occupies larger areas on Berlang and BendouraStateForests. The sampledplot at Big BadjaHill is probablynotrepresentative ofthelarger areas on Berlang and Bendoura which are mostly dominated by Allocasuarioo 0000.

QFS 18 Leptospermum grandifolium heath Plot 68. Pr 223. UFG 27. MSR 21.

A low (generally less than 1 m) rocky heath dominated by L. grandifolium, Kunzea sp.C. and Oxylobium ellipticum. Contains the rare species Phebalium ellipticum and . Shares its UFG with Plot 110 ofthe E. dalrympleaoo heathy forest Community.

Allocasuarioo 0000 heath

This Community wasnotsampled. Itoccupies exposed ridgetop orupperslopepositions with shallow soil on the lower less mountainous ranges to the east ofthe Great Divide.

Group 19 • Swamp Heath

Has a restricted distribution in broad, frosty, high altitude drainage lines mainly inthe Badja - Whinstone Area.

QFS 19 Epacris paludosa - Empodisma minus swamp Plot 71. Pr 231. UFG 24. MSR 12.

Baeckia utilis andEpacrispaludosa form anupper(1-2m) vegetationlayer(60% cover) overa denselower layer dominated by Empodisma minus, Restio australis and Epacris brevifolia. There is a dense ground covering ofsphagnum moss.

Other Communities

Only one plot (No. 66) was allocated to Type 143 (Swamp Gum/Black Gum/Broadleaved Sallee). This plot actually fell in an area ofType 137 (Black Sallee). The field Forest Type 143 was not sampled.

One Plot (No. 64) was allocated to Type 234 buthad a field type of112 orCommunity 4 (E. sieberi). No area ofessentially bare rock was sampled.

Some mapped types were not sampled because they were artificial types or because they covered very small areas (between 2 ha and 32 ha). These were Types 103 (Apple Box) 109 (Brittle Gum), 136 Snow Gum-Black Sallee, 137 Black Sallee, 214 Wattle, 218 Plantation and 219 Roads and Gravel Pits. Type 114 Silvertop Ash - Stringybark covering 387 ha was also not sampled.

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADIA EIS AREA, STATB FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 18 SOUTIlERN REGION, NEW SOUTIl WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 5. COMPARISON OF VEGETATION CLASSIFICATIONS

Forest types are detennined by API (with field checking) and are detennined over more extensive areas than flora survey plots. The minimum mapping unit in API has an area of2 ha and a minimum width of 50m(Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales 1989) as compared with aplotsize of0.1 ha (50 mx20 m) in this flora survey (York et al.· unpubl. data).

Nevertheless there was some correlation between the overstorey groups defmed in this study (Appendix 2) and the Forest Types (Table 2, Table 8). With two exceptions each Overstorey Group contained three or less Forest Types. One exception was Overstorey Group 2 which contained seven different Forest Types. These were, however, closely related Forest Types from within one league (Forestry Commission ofNew SouthWales 1989). The otherexception was the Eucalyptusdalrympleana group (Group 5) which included five Forest Types in three leagues. However, E. dalrympleana was an 'indicator species' in the Forest Type name for three of the Types (131, 140, 159) and was listed as a associate species in the type descriptions ofthe other two (111, 138) (Forestry Commission of New South Wales 1989).

We have attempted to integrate the floristic classifications ofthe overstorey and understorey elements by defming Communities which include a relatively narrow range of closely related Understorey Floristic Groups (Appendix 3) within each Overstorey Group (Table 2). This has been less successful within the floristically relatively poor Groups (3, 4 and 5) than the richer Groups (Table 2).

Table 2 shows the relationship between Overstorey Groups, QFS Communities, Forest Types and Understorey Floristic Groups by plot numbers. Overstorey Groups which are represented by a single plot have not been shown. The 'blocks' enclose FT and UFG combinations relating to aparticular Community. It has been necessary to subjectively allocate some plots to Communities outside their Overstorey Groups (Appendix 2). These therefore appear twice; they are indicated with an asterisk in their Group as defined by the basal areadendrogram and with brackets in the group to which they have been subjectively allocated.

Plot 85 (Table 2b) provides an example ofthe importance ofscale in relation to Forest Type, Overstorey Group and Understorey Floristic Group. The plot is in Forest Type 154 - Brown Barrel as mapped by API. Eucalyptusfastigata is clearly the dominant species in the area in which the plot is located (pers. obs. of the authors). Inthe 0.1 ha flora survey plot, however, E. fastigata occurs in a ratio of1:2:3 withE. obliqua and E. cypellocarpa (Appendix 2). Thus the plot falls into Overstorey Group 2 (E. obliqua) on the basal area dendrogram. The plot has aferny understorey dominated by Blechnum cartilagineum which falls into Understorey Floristic Group 11. It shares this UFG with the three plots from Community lA (E. fastigata­ E. cypellocarpa forest) (Table 2a), with Plot 83 from its own Community and with Plot 89 from Group 13 (E. muelleriana) (Table 21). Both UFG 11 and trees of E. cypellocarpa typically occurin moistpositions on sheltered aspects at lowerelevations in the Study Area. Within this lower range ofelevations they occur with overstorey Groups 1 and 2 at the higher end ofthe scale and overstorey group 13 at the lower end of the scale. At the higher end of the altitudinal scale, Overstorey Group 1 tends to occur in slightly less exposed positions than does Overstorey Group 2.

• York, A.. Binns. 0 and Shields, J.M. (1991). Flora and Fauna Assessment in NSW State Forests. Survey Guide1ines: Procedures for Sampling Flora and Fauna for Envirorunental Impact Statements.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOU1li WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SER.IES NO. 32 SOU1liERN REGION, NEW SOU1li WALES 19 Table 2. Relationship between Overstorey Groups, QFS Communities, ForestTypes and Understorey Floristic Groups by plot number.

Table 2a. Group 1 - Eucalyptus fastigata Forest UFG Forest Type QFS Code 151 154 155 156 1 IM'2. 6i29i 51: ""'. ·3~ 78, 3 80 * 4 17/28/94,.,:96.99\',.,,"(' m, t ~lIi~fr1:' 11 1\//',::::::::',}:r:::i';i(}'::i:ti/t,t81/82)92,., 13 1'91(1 O~"/.: "",:(t:/i)(l,)::tt): .'. .. ',t·:,·\r

Note: For explanation ofsymbols used throughout Table 2, please see text.

Table 2b. Group 2 - Eucalyptus obliqua Forest UFG Forest Type QFS Code 150 151 152 154 155 156 158 1 "', {53} .," '/h2' 3 4 .::::::::::..." ...... ::c·-:{s:'.:. ::::" :;::::: 11 ::::::. Q

Table 2c. Group 3 - Eucalyptus fraxinoides Forest UFG Forest Type QFS Code 162 8 9 14 15 16

Table 2d. Group 4 - Eucalyptus sieberi Forest UFG Forest Type QFS Code 112 113 234 3 8 9 15 17 23 22 16

FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA. STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 20 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Table 2e, Group 5 - Eucalyptus dalrympleana Forest UFG Forest Type QFS Code 111 138 140 1 1P9: 3 4 5 16407:::: .. 18/1'08\. 27

Table 2f. Group 5r - Eucalyptus dalrympleanaJEucalyptus radiata Forest UFG Forest Type QFS Code 111 131 159 2 ::::...... :::{:S9 :i::(::::::.::::::::. ::::::::.: }::::::::}}: :::':':.:'" ::::::::::::::: ...::...... ::::::::::::-:::::::::::::::Slft~ :.:.o:.. •.:.:::.~...:•..:':..:.:..:.•: ...... :} it:::,:: .:::.:::::.:::::::: : :::::::::.ir:::::..•...:::·.: ...•.:.·.::•.•.:.·..:::·.:i::.:i.·..::::.:.::i:.:i:i.:..i.:·.i.·:·.:..•:!::::.::::·.:.::.i:.:.:.:·.•.:.:::.:::::.:::•.:.:i.:.:·:::·:i:•.:::.::..i..i..:.. 6 I.~~ .~~~~~~~~~::~~~~f~~ ,:::~:~;:~~:~~~~~~~t::~ ~~~~~j~~~j:~~j;j: j~ ;:;:;:;:;:;:::;::;::;:::::;:; :;:::;:;:::::::;:;:;:;:;:;:;:;:::;:;:::;:;:::::::::::;:;:;:::;:;:::::::::::::::::::;:;:;:;:::;:;:::;:;:;:;:;:;:;:::::: . 16 17 7 25*

Table 2g. Group 6 - Eucalyptus radiata • E. viminalis Forest UFG Forest Type QFS Code 111 131 159 1 M~t:1(l4:):(:: ' 0': .: .' : '. ..;.:i::::::::::::.:::-::::. :::::.:::•• :::: :··.ii··..i.i:.:i· ,·::·:··.::··::::::·i·::i.i:··:·. : :.::.••.•.:.•.:.::::~ :~ :::.:~ :~ :~.:~ :~.:~ :~: .:.·i.:·•.i··.:i·.:.:·.:.!.:::·i::o: .. .: '.: . '.' 8:.".'1 3 4 ;.;.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.; :;:;:;:;:;: ;:::::;:;:;::i=:!'-:::;::9S':;:;:;:.:.::·.::.::.::.:~.:: :·:.:~.·:.:.:: :.:.:.: .:.:.:.;.;.: .....::..:: ..:: ...... ::.. ::...... :..::::.:::.. ::::.::::.::::.::::.::::.::::.:::::: ::.:'::::::::::::.:.':':::::: ..:.l..:.. ..::..::{:: .::.:..::.: :..:.::.:.:.:.:.: :::::::::::::::::::.:.::.::.::..: .:.:}}:::::::::..:.:.:.:::::::::::.:.:.:...... :.:.:.:...:.:.:.;.:.:.:.:.: .::.:.:.:::.::: .:.:.:::-:.:.:.:.:-:-:.:.::.::.:.:.:-:-:-:-::::::::::::::::::::;:;:;j~~r~{itt::~ 9 1 :::.mt....::tLi:.:::::.::)::)::((::::://:::::::: ...... ::(:::-: }:}} :({::::.:::.:.,: ... 7 ~.i:.:.:i~.: :6:.:::::::~.::I Z::.::::.:::i:i.~ .••.•. :.:.:::!::.::.::.:.:::.::::: ;.;.i·:·:i::.:..::::::·)).· •.... :::.::::::::::.:. {2S}. 26 ::::..::..::.!:.:!.!.:!.•.:;.::.. :\:::.:.\•..••. :.••. :.::.::.· ·:.:.:.·:::.::i:.\::.·:::.:::·:.:::•. .•:::.::i:.:: :::.::•.:.·:•.•.•.•.• ::: .• :.::.::::i.:.:.•. ·.::i.·:.•. •.•:•.::i.:::.::::.·::.i:•.••: '::::; .•;:.:.:.:::::::.:::::.::: ..·.:••.:.•.:.·.:.•.:.•:I.:.·:i:.•.·.:.•.:.:.:..·:.:•.·.i.•...:.:i.•..i.i.:I:i.I::.I:.:i:..·.i.:I:::I:·.i:·.1.:i.l:i:i.·.:.I:.:·:.:·:i.I:•.:.:•.• .•. 14 I.L:t ::::;.;:.- ;:::;:;::; ::~;:{::::.:.: .., ;.:-:.;. :}~:r?:: ;::::::::::;:::;::;:;:;:::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::r::::::r~::::::::::::] 4 75*

Table 2h. Group 6s - Eucalyptus smithii Forest UFG Forest Type QFS Code 165 :t:4JI~::;;:::::::::: ':', .'.;.; ;.; ;:::::;.;. ;:.: :.;.; .' -: ;. .. ;.:.:.;:;..: ::::.; .:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: :..:.::.:- :.:.•.:.:::.:.::.: ;: ;.:;:: .:'.:: :.:.::.,:,:::::;::;: ::;:::::::;:;:;:;: :::::.:.:.:.::.:;: ;:;.::.::.:.: ";:..':::; :.:::;:::::.;. :,::,:,:,:,,:,:. 3 ::t:~·"'······"··· :::: :':'::::.' :\: . :.:. ::-: :.::: :::::::::::::::::: .:.:.:.:.:.{}::: .:::.::::::: ¥..~.:.:.::.:::::::.::::.:,:.:.:.:•.:.•.:::::•.:.:::.:.•:::.':.:: ::::::: :::: :::::::::::::::.:.: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: .:.:.:.:.:.:.::::::=::::::::::::\/ ::::::;:: ::::}':::::::':':'" ....::::::::.::\:-=::: :.::.: ::..:...•::.::.:::.:.:.:::.::::::::::.:.:.:.:::•.•:.:..:..::..•....•.:...•:..::..:::..:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.::: :'::..:.::::.:.:.::::.::.:.'.:::.:.. ':':':;:;:':'" 17 1.v:/: '::>:-:-:::::':::::;:::/~;~~~~\:::::"":':;':':':""'"...... :}~:rr::::~::::::':':':"'" ·:::::;:;::::····':;;:f):::{ ",' ;::::::;::::::;

Table 2i. Group 7 - Eucalyptus viminalis Forest UFG Forest Type QFS Code 138 159 231 140 1 138!~_9~8*~~ 3 4

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTIIERN REGION. NEW SOUTII WALES 21 Table 2j. Group 8 - Eucalyptus pauciflora Forest UFG Forest Type QFS Code 138 140 1 3 ,::o..':'~ 12 ;:;:;:::::., ·'f.iJ:~'I..J

Table 2k. Group 12 - Eucalyptus globoidea Forest UFG Forest Type QFS Code 133 159 21

Table 2/. Group 13 - Eucalyptus muellerana Forest UFG Forest Type QFS Code 123 157 169 1 90 11 ~~tr~::::· :.;. :::::;/t. 20 ....

6. WGGING IMPACT

Many ofthe ForestTypes present in the survey area are noteconomically loggable due to a lackofsuitable species and/ortrees ofsufficient quality for sawing and a lack ofalternative markets for low quality wood.

Logging history was assessed at each ofthe 112 survey plots. There were 89 plots classified as unlogged, 11 plots whichhad beenlogged within the previous 10years and 12 plots which had beenlogged more than 10 years previously. The unlogged plots were classified in consultation with the District Forester, into loggable and unloggable plots on the basis ofeucalypt species composition and stand strucwre. There were 51 unlogged/loggable plots ofwhich 39(correspondingto themoreclosely related UFG's) wereused intheordination. Ofthe 38 unloggable plots, 24 wereused. All theloggedplots were used inthe ordination.

Relationships among plots resulting from the ordination may give an indication of logging impact on overall plant Community composition. Iflogging had a major impact on floristic composition compared with environmental variation, logged plots would be expected to be grouped together in a cluster which was discrete from or different to the unlogged plots (Binns and Chapman 1993).

The ordination scatterplots for the four logging history categories are shown in Figure 2. There is a strong overlap between the three loggable categories. The most discernible separation is between the unlogged plots in the loggable and unloggable categories.

Species richness of the plots in the four logging categories is summarised in Table 3.

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 22 SOU11IERN REGION, NEw SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 ~'...... """...... "- : .. : .. ...C! ~ '";. :...... i.~ f ~ .. •• ..:i. .. .z: ..l. ":; .. III tC\I : ••N...... ·~..::Ga 0 ,,'j.- ... ,i-. •••• o&'••:.~~ '::::t9 l • CttI.CV' ••:...... \ ~""'''' ~: ~ (\/ \. " '. -.'-It .Jl \: ..... '.: .. "'" f!.f> \\.~.... " C! '.J.. ; f. .... \ \...... ~ 0 til ',: "" C') '?"~ .. .,f :. ,"" " 411" "It \~.m ~' \'... T .:~ ,:...... ~ ".- i w···:'"""'" ," "f : : ... . ;... ..::,. .,' ~ : : ~. . ",...... ~' i : 'i..:. .. ~ ../ : ••••t...•• _,f .J-...... C! ...... ";" ...... ~

O'l 5"0

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~

C! 0

$ til \l') 9

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...III. S'O 0'0 S'O- C$flCll

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.. ~ ...... _- .. .or:...... ~ ••;,;.-#<&-.-.:::.. i ...... ;:,::..'" --~ ! ~ \l') ,:,...... ";:... / i 0 .... ~ ..C\l ~ ~...... 'IIIIlZ"'",' : ...... ,:.. i i ..., ;,...... ~ /;

~ .~.~ ..L.:,;'T \,,';'... •rr ....." ...... ,,:It •! ..."t.. : ...:\ .... .,: _C! ; '''',' ..... (')N.-'" : ..: : 0 : .. 'S" ..,...... ': I ...... : ", .... (').- : PI : .Jl I ,(lI). '.. C'): ,,", • ;: ~ .... ~... ! J ! il1 ..... : '", '."t- ~,.~ :' ; \l') '" : \ :.,:. .. : 9 ~~,.,...... : ~ .,.":., : .' : N...... 't':...... ,'" ....,,:: ... ; ~ .••• ...... 't'l..:r.. : ,: "'''- : C! ...... : ";" ...... ,/' ...... ; ...... , ...... 1,' ...... : l,j. III ..., S'O S'O-

Figure 2. Scatterplot ofhybrid MDS co-ordinates for plots grouped by logging category.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES 23 Table 3. Species richness ofplots compared with logging history.

The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated no significant difference in species richness between the first three logging history categories (Table 3).

The recently logged plots all occurinthe southern section ofthe Study Area and, with one exception, the older logged plots occur in the northern section of the Study Area. The unlogged plots are distributed throughout the Study Area. Most of the older logged plots (nine) sampled Vegetation Groups 1 and 2 (E.jastigata, E. obliqua), none ofthese plots sampled Groups 3 or4 (E.jraxinoides, E. sieberi). Most of the recently logged plots (seven) sampled Vegetation Groups 3 and 4, only three plots sampled Group 1.

There was sufficient data for 143 species to analyse theirfrequency ofoccurrence inlogged and unlogged plots. The great majority (123) of these species showed no significant difference in frequency of occurrencebetweenlogged and unlogged plots. A significant(P<0.1) difference was found for20species. Ofthese, 13 were recorded more frequently in the logged plots and seven were recorded more frequently in the unlogged plots (Table 4). None ofthe 20 species associated with eitherlogged or unlogged plots were naturalised 'weeds'.

Table 4. Species showing a significant difference in distribution betweenlogged and unlogged plots.

.... : ':.::;:{:.:.::' ,::".;...... ::::',:,::...... ,

.....;.

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 24 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 As expected, most ofthese 20 species also had a higher mean cover code in the logged or unlogged plots respectively except for Microlaena stipoides which did not have a higher cover in the logged plots. In addition, four species had a significant (p <0.1) difference in mean cover code between logged and unlogged plots even though their frequency ofoccurrence was not different. These species are listed in Table 5.

Table 5. Species showing a Significant difference in cover between logged and unlogged plots. ~~~~~i'~la~~t~~~~':~:~f"~~;;t~~e5M~:7~ef!~~t:r:: ~;{ffI11~;)iL" 'f.:1fi~~1~1~< ;,' "', ,

Again, none ofthese species are naturalised 'weeds'.

STATB FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 25 DISCUSSION

1. SIGNIFICANT PLANT SPECIES

A number of species which occur within or close to the EIS Study Area are regarded as nationally significant by Briggs and Leigh (1988). These are listed below with their risk-codes (Briggs and Leigh 1988) shown in parentheses.

Baeckea denticulata (3RCa). One record in Wadbilliga National Pm about 1 km south ofBadja State Forest. Populations are recorded in Koscuisko and Wadbilliga National PaIks (Briggs and Leigh 1988). Grows in heath at high altitudes on the Southern Tableland (Harden 1991).

Discaria pubescens (3RCa). An old (1925) record from Boggy Plain west of Badja State Forest. Populations are reserved at several localities in New South Wales, and Tasmania (Briggs and Leigh 1988).

Diuris aequalis (3VC-). Two records inthe general vicinity ofthe Study Area whichis atthe approximate southern limit ofits distribution. One record is in State Forest (Figure 1) nearNorth BlackRange Trig on the Butmaroo Range. Populations are reserved in Blue Mountains and Kanangra-Boyd National Pms (Briggs and Leigh 1988). This species grows amongst grass in forest (Harden 1993).

Dodonea rhombi/olia (3RCa). One record from the Tuross River, Badja State Forest in an area not proposed for logging (Preferred Management Priority Class 1.2) (Forestry Commission of New South Wales 1983). Widely distributed in New South Wales and Victoria and regarded by Briggs and Leigh (1988) as being adequately reserved. Widespread but not common in Deua National Pm (Gilmou~ unpubl. data). ReservedinWadbilligaandBembokaNationalPaIks(Crawford3 unpubl. data). Thisspecies often occurs in shrubland on rocky soils near creeks (Harden 1991).

Eucalyptus badjensis (2RCi). Although not recorded inthe survey itis reasonably commononBadja and Glenbog State Forests where it has regenerated profusely after logging (pers. obs. of the authors). Also occurs on Cathcart State Forest. Ittypically occurs as an associate species in E.jastigata Communities rather than in monospecific stands. It is reserved in Deua and Wadbilliga National Parks and in Brown Mountain FloraReserve (Briggs and Leigh 1988). According to Gilmou~ (unpubl. data) small stands of E. badjensistotalling atleast 10haoccursouthofDampierTriginDeuaNationalPark. Becauseofitshabit ofgrowing in mixed stands (pers. obs. ofthe authors) and the difficulty ofsurveying much ofits habitat in rugged terrain with little access it is likely that reliable estimates ofthe population size in reserves are unavailable. We consider that "-" (adequacy of reservation unknown) would be a more appropriate assessment ofits status than "i" (inadequately reserved).

Eucalyptus kartzoJfiana (2VCi). Records from south and east ofBerlang State Forest. Recorded in Deua National Park (Gilmou~ unpubl. data). Not recorded in the Study Area. Habitat ofE. kartzoffiana as described by Cole and Hall (1975) Le. steep, well drained, dry slopes, is similar to that occupied by Community 11 (E. melliodora-E. tereticornis).

Eucalyptus parvula (2VCi). Although not recorded in the survey, there are numerous records in the vicinity ofthe Study Area, many from leasehold and private land. A population is reserved in Nunnock Swamp Flora Reserve (propbsed National Park). This species habitat is notsuitable for logging. Grazing would bethemajorpotentially detrimentaldisturbingfactor. Thereis onepossiblerecordfrom BadjaState

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 26 SOUTIIERN REGION. NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 2. CONSERVATION STATUS OF PlANT COMMUNITIES

(a) Background information

The conservation status ofplant Communities can be assessed at different levels. We will consider three levels. Thelocal level canbe regarded as the EIS Study Area Le. the State Forests and Crown TimberLands covered by this survey. The region in this assessment is the geographic area encompassing the Study Area and surrounding reserves - Deua and Wadbilliga National Parks and Badja Swamp and Tinderry Nature Reserves. It corresponds with the central eastern section of the Southern Tablelands Ecogeographic Region (Anderson 1961). The State level includes the whole ofNew South Wales.

Benson (1989) provided an overview ofthe conservation status ofplant associations at the State level. In Results, Section 4 the Vegetation Groups described in the survey were related to the associations listed by Benson (1989). In part Cb) ofThis Section the Conservation Status ofeach Vegetation Group according to Benson (1989) is stated according to the code described in Table 6.

Table 6. Conservation status of Vegetation Groups from Benson (1989).

Risk codes····

E Endangered: likely10 become extinct within a few decades ifaction is not taken to rectify the decline.Ofthe association and protect and manage areas.

V Yulrierable~ ukclito become endangered within a few deCades ifaction is not taken to rectify the decline of the association and protect and manage areas• .. ::::.... N Not Uu;terib!h{t& fSieseeable future however this could change ifland use changes.

Austin and Cocks (1978) study ofthe 'south coast' of New South Wales covered the eastern part ofthe region east from part ofBadja State Forest and Berlang State Forestbut excluding Tallaganda State Forest and extending into the coastal region. The Austin and Cocks (1978) study is relevant in considering the conservation status ofplant Communities at the regional level. They identified 15 Vegetation Groups and five ofthese occur in the Study Area. They are E. pauciflora, E. fastigata, E. dives, Rainforest and Heath. Three ofthe Groups - E. pauciflora, E. dives and Heath were regarded as rare in their'south coast' Study Area.

Austin and Cocks (1978) estimated the areas oftheir "Vegetation Groups" and "Forest Types" in the then proposed Tuross-Deua National Park (Table 7) which corresponds reasonably well with the current Deua, Wadbilliga and Budawang National Parks.

FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 28 SOU1liERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Forest, but the reference for this record on the NPWS database indicates an unlikely location on a moderately easterly slope. Habitat is grassy woodland on damp flats (Harden 1991).

Gentiana bredboensis (2V). Has been recorded from within about 4 km to the west ofthe Study Area. It grows onthe marginofwetseepages inpastureongranitic sandysoil nearthe Bredbo River(Harden 1992). There is a chance that it could occur on the Study Area.

Leucopogonjletcheri (3RC-). Recorded in the survey (not in a plot) at one locality near Bald Peak, north east of Anembo (Figure I). This area is not suitable for logging and also has a Preferred Management Priority (pMP) classification for visual amenity. The species is reserved in Blue Mountains National Park. (Briggs and Leigh 1988) and reserved in Tinderry Nature Reserve (Hofmeyer unpubl. data). Forestry operations are unlikely to disturb the species. Harden (1992) describes its habitat as woodland.

Phebalium carruthersii (3RC-). One possible record from the boundary ofDeua National Park and Badja State Forestabout700 m north ofBig Badja Hill (Figure 1). According to Harden (1991) and Jacobs and Pickard (1981), however, this species is confined to the south coast. This record on NPWS ROTAP database may be an error.

Phebalium ellipticum (2RCa). Recorded in the survey and previously from Big Badja Hill. Regarded by Briggs and Leigh (1988) as adequately reserved inDeua and WadbilligaNational Parks. Locallycommon in Deua National Park near Big Badja Hill (Gilmou~ unpubl. data). Habitat not suitable for logging or grazing. Harden (1991) describes the habitat as "forest and shrubland, often amongst rocky outcrops".

Pomaderris costata (3VC-). Recorded only in a logged plot(No. 49) in the survey. Reserved in Mt Imlay, Nungatta and Deua National Parks as well Egan Peaks Nature Reserve and has a widespread distribution on State Forests in the Eden Region (Richards et al. 1990). Occurs in open forest on the south coast, southern tablelands and central western slopes of New South Wales and in Victoria (Harden 1990).

Prostanthera monticola (3RC-). Recorded in the survey from Big Badja Hill where its habitat is not vulnerable to logging or grazing disturbance. Reserved in Kosciusko and Mt Buffalo National Parks (Briggs and Leigh 1988). Has a relatively wide distribution in New South Wales and Victoria. Usually occurs in forest or woodland on deeply weathered soils amongst granite rocks (Harden 1992).

Prostanthera walteri (3RCa). Not recorded in the survey but previously recorded from Big Badja Hill where its habitat is not suitable for grazing or logging. Briggs and Leigh (1988) regard it as being adequately reserved inMtImlay and Nalbaugh National Parlcs. They state that it occurs onthe south coast and southern tablelands of New South Wales and in Eastern Victoria.

Westringia lucida (2RC-). Not recorded in the survey but has been recorded on Wadbilliga National Park inthevicinityofTurossFalls where itoccurs inAllocasuarina nanaheath accordingto Crawford3 (unpubl. data). Reserved in Kosciusko and Namadgi National Parks (Briggs and Leigh 1988). Reserved in Wadbilliga National Park (Crawford3 unpubl. data). Also occurs in Victoria (Harden 1992). Grows in woodland or heath in rocky areas at high altitudes (Harden 1992).

5 Hofmeyer, D. (1993). Compiled plant list for Tinderry Nature Reserve. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service. Queanbeyan.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTIlERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 27 Table 7. Areas of Vegetation Groups and Types in the proposed Tuross-Deua National Park (from Austin and Cocks (1978)).

Group Type Area (ha)

E. paucijlora E. paucijlora-E. dalrympleaoo-E. radiata 2356 E.jastigata E. radiata-E. viminalis-E.jastigata 4391 E.fastigata-E. cypellocarpa-E. sieberi 46978 E. dives E. dives-E. mannifera 193 Rainforest All 5159 Heath E. kybeanensis - Allocasuarina 0000 2029

The Forest Types defined by Austin and Cocks are broad classifications which correspond with several of the Groups dermed in this study. Austin and Cocks (1978) E. radiata-E. viminalis-E.jastigata type includes three ofthe Groups from this study - Group 1 (E.jastigata), Group 6 (E. radiata-E. viminalis) and Group 7 (E. viminalis). To estimate the representation ofthese three Groups in the regional National Parks we assumed thattheirproportions in Austin and Cocks (1978) single broad groups are similarto their proportions in the Study Area (fable 9) (Le. 60% Group 1, 19% Group 6, 29% Group 7). The assumption is supported by Austin and Cocks (1978) Map of Land Systems in that those sections containing the E. radiata-E. viminalis-E. fastigata type (Land Systems40, 47, 13, 18) are concentrated in that partoftheir South Coast Study Area which corresponds with this Study Area.

Gilmour (unpubl. data) defined 28 "map units" in Deua National Park which each contained a number of Communities. He listed 69 Communities by name only and indicated the approximate area of each Community in very broad categories «10 ha, 10-100 ha, 100-1,000 ha, 1,000-10,000 ha). These data are considered below in the assessment of conservation status of plant Communities.

Outhred1 (unpubl. data) compiled a species list for Wadbilliga National Park. Some notes appended to this list refer to "site groups" and their affinities with Communities dermed by Keith and Sanders (1990) in the Eden Region to the south ofthis Study Area. Outhred1 (unpubl. data) is considered below where relevant to the assessment ofpresence/absence or conservation status ofspecies or Communities within reserves in this Study Area.

Crawford3 (unpubl. data) reported on the vegetation of Wadbilliga National Park and the then proposed Bemboka National Park. Vegetation was described in 13 broad map units. Areas were not estimated. Comments were provided on the conservation status ofplant Communities. Crawford3 (unpubl. data) is considered below where relevant to the presence/absence orconservation status ofspecies orCommunities in this Study Area.

The areas ofForestTypes (Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales 1989) as mapped in the Study Area are shown in Table 8. This mapping is the basis on which areas ofvegetation Groups in the Study Area have been estimated (fable 9).

Where a Forest Type (Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales 1989) covered more than one Group as described in the flora survey, we estimated the area of each Group within the Type from the proportions in which the plots allocated to the Type fell amongst the Groups. The total area of each Group was then calculated by adding the estimated areas within each Type.

Forexample, we assumed that Group 5 and 5r(E. dalrympleana) and Group 7 (E. viminalis) make up43% and 57% respectively ofType 159 as mapped in the Study Area. These are the proportions in which the 14 plots assigned to Type 159 occurred in each of the two Groups (Tables 2e, 2f, 2i and Table 8).

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBADIA EIS AREA. FOREST RESOURCES SERIES O. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 29 Table 8. Areas of Forest Types and sampling intensity.

Forest Group Area No. Est. area by group Comments Type (ha) of plots

18 16 114 1 Forest Type number misapplied. 103 2 0 109 14 32 0 Field Type ofPlot 63. 111 5,5r.6 4140 4 1035:1035:2070 112 4 6091 10 113 4 3111 4 114 387 0 Not sampled. 123 12 117 1 Veg. type ofPlot. is QFS 13. 129 8 0 Type 129/133 sampled. 131 5,5r,6 6036 9 671:671 :4694 133 12 367 1 136 15 18 0 Not sampled. 137 15 9 0 Field Type ofPlot 66. 138J 5,7,8 3563 4 891:891:1781 140 5,8 4206 4 2103.2103 141 10 145 1 143 47 1 Field Type ofPlot is 137. 150 2 559 2 151 2 960 3 152 2 559 1 154 1.2 18110 23 16.385:1725 155 1,2 8089 7 6934:1155 Group 1 3467vim:3467 cyp. 156 1,2 1576 2 788:788 ;..:. 157 13 269 1 158 2 920 1 158n 9 376 1 1592 5,5r.7 12755 15 3644:1822:7289 Field Type ofone Plot is QFS 12. 162 3 3875 6 165 65 566 2 166 181 1 Field type ofPlot is QFS 11. 169 13 270 1 214 16 Not sampled. 218 6 Artificial Community. 219 28 Artificial Community. 220 443 1 Field type ofPlot is QFS 14. 223 18 93 1 230 17 411 2 Field type is Artificial Community. 231 19 724 1 234 56 1 Field type ofPlot is QFS 4.4. Untyped 413 0

TOTAL 79648

1 Includes area mapped as Type 144 2 Includes area mapped as Type 158v

FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA. STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTIl WALES 30 SOUTIfERN REGION. NEW SOUTIl WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Table9 summarises the estimated areas ofeach Groupdescribed by the flora sUlvey within the Study Area.

Table 9. Estimated areas of Vegetation Groups within the Study Area.

Group No. Name Area (ha) Comments

1 E.jastigata 24107 2 E.obliqua 6666 3 E.jraxinoides 3875 4 E. sieberi 9202 Contains a plot from FT 234. 5 E. dalrympleana 8344 5r E. dalrympleana-E. radiata 3528 6 E. radiata-E. viminalis 6764 6s E. smithii 566 7 E. viminalis 8180 8 E. pauciflora 3884 9 E. nitens 376 10 E. rubida 145 11 E. melliodora-E. tereticornis <10 ha Sampled under FT 166. 12 E. globoidea 492 13 E. muelleriana 539 14 E. mannifera 32 Sampled under FT 220. 15 E. stellulata 27 Sampled under FT 143. 16 Rainforest 114 17 Grasslands 411 18 Heath 93 19 Swamp heath 724

FT 103 Apple box 2 FT 114 Silvertop ash-stringybark 387 FT 143 Swamp gum/black gumlbroad leaved sallee 47 Fr166 Riverpeppermint 181 FT 214 Wattle 16 FT2I8 Forestry plantation 6 FT 219 Settlements roads, Gravel pits etc. 28 FT 220 Cleared/partiaily cleared 443 FT 234 Rock 56 Untyped 413 TOTAL 79648

Reservations in the region include Deua and Wadbilliga National Parks, Badja Swamp and Tinderry Nature Reserves and Jerrabattgulla and Parkers GapForestPreserves as well as all rainforest areas on State Forest which are reserved by policy and management prescription. In addition considerable areas ofState Forestare protected from disturbance. beingclassified underState Forests' PreferredManagementPriority (pMP) system in categories which are not available for logging. The conservation status of plant Communities is assessed below in the context ofthis reserve system.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA. FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION. NEW SOUTH WALES 3 I (b) Plant Communities

The conservation status ofeach Vegetation Group according to Benson (1989) is summarised in Table 10.

Group 1 Eucalyptusjastigata forest: State-wide Benson (1989) classifies the E.fastigata - E. viminalis - E. radiata association as N2. He also recognises a E.fastigata ± E. dalrympleana association and a E.fastigata - E.jraxinoides association which are both classified as N3.

Regionally, about 26,700 ha ofthis Group occurs on crown land ofwhich about 2600 ha are expected to be reserved in Deua and Wadbilliga National Parks (Table 7, Table 9. Discussion 2(a». Gilmour(unpubl. data) lists five E.fastigata Communities with a combined area of2,3oo to 23,000 ha which he regards as being adequately reserved in Deua National Park.

Locally, examples ofthis Group are reserved in the two Forest Preserves and in the PMP system. Thus we consider the group to be adequately reserved but there may be a case for reserving-some structurally unusual communities from this Groupsuchas Eucalyptusfastigata shrubbyforest andE. fastigata -Dianella tasmanica low open forest Communities.

Group 2 Eucalyptus obliqua forest: State-wide Benson (1987) classifies the E. obliqua - E.fastigata ­ E. cypellocarpa association as V2 and notes that it is "threatened over its range by logging and clearing, adequately conserved". We assume that Benson(1989) intended to indicate inadequate reservation ofthis association.

Regionallyitis difficultto estimatethe areaofthis Group. Itis included in theE.fastigata-E. cypellocarpa­ E. sieberi type ofAustin and Cocks (1978). Their sample ofthe Type included 44 observations ofwhich 21 (48%) fell in a E.fastigata-E. cypellocarpa Community. From this information and Table 7 we estimate thataround 22,549ha ofAustin and Cocks (1978) E. fastigata-E. cypellocarpa Community occur in Deua and Wadbilliga National Parks. This Community corresponds to some ofthe mapped ForestType 155 in the Study Area (Table 8) and occupies about 4622 ha (1155 ha Group 2 + 50% of6934 ha Group 1) ofwhich 1155haor25% representsGroup2-E. obliquaforest Wehave assumed thatthe same proportions apply to Austin and Cocks (1978) E.fastigata-E. cypellocarpa Community. Thus we estimate that about 5600 ha ofGroup 2 - E. obliqua occurs in Deua and Wadbilliga National Parks. We expect that this group is concentrated in land systems 41 and 54 (Austin and Cocks 1978) which make up a significant proportion of Berlang State Forest and the western section ofDeua National Park.

On the otherhand, Gilmour(unpubl. data) estimates a total area ofonIy 100 to 1,000 ha ofthe E. fastigata­ E. cypellocarpa Community in Deua National Park. Gilmour (unpubl. data) regards the Community as being adequately reserved. Outhred1 (unpubl. data) states that E. obliqua is rare in Wadbilliga National Park.

Locally the group makes up about 6700ha (8%) ofthe Study Area (Table 8, Table9). Itoccurs inthe central part of the area where it has been subject to clearing for pine plantations and where logging was concentrated prior to the previous decade. Most areas of this group on Tallaganda State Forest now comprise mixed age stands regenerating from past logging operations, although Berlang State Forest contains unlogged examples of the group. Parkers Gap Forest Preserve and a special emphasis PMP classified area at Lowden Forest Park contain about 70 ha ofthis group.

We estimate that Group 2 - E. obliqua occupies about 12,300 ha in the region of which about 46% is reserved in Deua National Park. There is some uncertainty about this estimate.

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA. STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 32 SOUTIlERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Table 10. Eucalypt Vegetation Groups and Conservation Status. C3~ QFSGroup Forest Type Conversation Comments ~~ o-i"tl Status

~~ ~~ 1. E./astigara !54.1?5.~56E.jastigaia ±E~da/rymp/eana N3 8~ E.jastigaia - E;/ri:uinoides .. N3 ~~ E.jastigara - Kviminalis .. ~.radiara ...... N2 ~~ .:':': 150.151.152. mo 2 E.obliqua E. obliqua -E./astigara ±E. cypellocarpa V2 Threatened over its range by logging and clearing. 154.155,156,158 ~~ :.:.' . :::;':·f ",' ~~ 3. E./raxinoides 162 E,fraxinoides . N3 E 4. E. sieberi 112,113,234 E.$ieberi ·..N3 5. E. dalrympleana 111,131,138. E. paudflora - E. dalrymplearra N2 Poorly conserved onNorthern Tablelands affected its survival 140.159 where dieback has affected its survival.

Sr. E. da/rympleana- 111.131.159 E. paucijJora..E. da/rympleanaor :..N2or (see above) E. radiata E. radiata - E. dives -E. dalrympleana N3 6. E. radiata .. 111.131 E.r~-E.~ves-E.~rympl~ N3 E. viminalis :.:

~:::';' 68. E. smithU 165 E. muellerana ..E. smithii N3 '=!:" ::j:' ~ 1. E. viminalis 138.159,231 E. viminalis N2 Not well conselVed on Northern Tablelands -:-: 8. fS~ E. pauci/lora 138.140 E. paucijJorassppaucij'lora± N2 Middle and northernranges inadequately conserved E. stellulata .~ I E. paucijJora~.E. dalrympleana N2 (see above) 9. E. mtens 158 E. mtensor N3 E. mtens - E./astigara .:. V2 Restricted in distribution and threatened by logging :i' d .:. ~~ 10.E. rubida 141 E. rubida - E. vim/nalis V2 Poorly coIlSefVedthroughout its range

:.~ ~~ 11.E. melliodora· 166 . .': E. tereticornis ..E.globoidea NI ~> ,,::.:': fSe E. tereticornis 1 ~~ 12.E. globoidea 114 133,159Z E. globoidea - E. bauertf;z7f(l~. N2 ~~ :.:. Angophorafloribunda

~~ 13.E. muelleriaM 123.157.169 E.Cypellocarpa- E. muellerianiJ N3 14.E. mannifera 1091~2()1: ·:e.mannifera ssp maculosa\ NZ V> V> z 15.E.stellulata 137\t43 ::::.. E. paucijJorassp paucijJora:i:E. stellulata N2 Middle and northern ranges inadequately conserved

1 Forest Type not sampled 1 Error in mapping or interpretation SceTable 6 for Conservation Stams Codes Group 3 Eucalyptus jraxinoides forest: State-wide Benson (1989) classifies the E.fraxinoides association as N3.

Regionally, the Group is adequately reserved in Deua National Park according to Gilmouf(unpubl. data).

Locally, it is well represented making up about 5% of the Study Area (about 3900 ha) and undisturbed examples are retained in both Forest Preserves.

Group 4 Eucalyptus skberi forest: State-wide classification is N3 (Benson 1989).

Regionally, the Group makes up about 36% (16 out of 44 plots) of the E.fastigata - E. cypellocarpa ­ E. sieberi type which covers nearly 47,000 ha in Deua and Wadbilliga National Parks (Austin and Cocks 1978). Adequately reserved in Deua National Park according to Gilmouf (unpubl. data).

Locally well represented (12% of Study Area).

Group 5 Eucalyptus dalrympleana forest: Statewide Benson (1989) classifies the E. pauciflora ­ E. dalrympleana association as N2. He regards it as poorly conserved on the northern tablelands where it has been affected by dieback. We assume that it is adequately reserved on the central and southern tablelands.

Regionally, Austin and Cocks (1978) estimated that about 2400 ha ofthe E. pauciflora-E. dalrympleana­ E. radiata type occurred in the then proposed National Parks. They sampled three Communities in this type. A E. dalrympleana-E. radiata Community occurred in two out ofsix plots (33%). Thus we estimate that 800 ha of Group 5 and 5r occur in Deua and Wadbilliga National Parks. We also expect that these groups are well represented on Tinderry Nature Reserve because of its proximity and· physiographic and climatic similarity to areas on Tallaganda State Forest where these Groups occur. Therefore, we estimate that in excess of 12,700 ha ofthese Groups occur in the region (Table 9) and more than 6% ofthe area is reserved.

Gilmouf (unpubl. data) recognised a E. radiata-E. dalrympleana Community which he considered to be adequately reserved in Deua National Park over an area of 100 - 1000 ha.

Locally, about 11,900 ha of these Groups occur in the Study Area (Table 9). Most of this area will not contain species and quality oftrees sufficient to sustain a logging operation. The groups are represented in Parkers Gap Forest Preserve.

Group 6Eucalyptus radiata·E. viminalis forest: State-wide Benson (1989) lists the E. radiata - E. dives - E. dalrympleana association as N3.

Regionally, the Group is represented in Deua and Wadbilliga National Parks (Austin and cocks, 1978). The estimated area reserved in the National Parks is about 800 ha (Table 7, Discussion 2(a)).

Gilmouf(unpubl. data) lists six E. radiata Communities. Twoofthese (E. radiata-E. sieberi, E. radiata­ E. dalrympleana) he regards as adequately conserved in Deua National Park. Fourothers are regarded by Gilmouf (unpubl. data) as inadequately reserved in Deua National Park with a combined area of400­ 4000 ha.

Locally the Group is well represented in the Study Area covering about 6800 ha or 9% of the Area (Table 9). Much of the area will be unaffected by logging as it will not be economically harvestable for sawlogs. The Group is represented in Parkers Gap Forest Reserve.

We consider this Group to be adequately reserved in the State-wide, regional and local context.

FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 34 SOUTHERN REGION. NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Group 6s Eucalyptus smithiiforest: State-wide, Benson (1989) recognises aE. muelleriana -E. smithii association which he lists as N3.

Regionally, aCommersoniafraseri -E. smithii Community is adequately reserved in Deua National Park with ari area of 100-1000 ha according to Gilmour2 (unpubl. data).

Locally the Group occurs in small patches which collectively occupy about 600 ha or 0.7% ofthe Study Area (Table 9). The Group is generally unaffected by logging operations.

We consider the Group to be adequately reserved in the State-wide, regional and local context.

Group 7 Eucalyptus viminalis forest: State-wide the E. viminalis association is classified by Benson (1989) as N2 being inadequately conserved on the northern tablelands. We assume that it is adequately reserved on the central and southern tablelands.

Regionally about 9, l00haofthe Group occurs oncrownlands ofwhichabout 1000 haare expected to occur in Deua and Wadbilliga National Parks (Table 7, Discussion 2(a), Table 9). Gilmour (unpubl. data) lists two E. viminalis Communities under the E. elata Alliance and the E. viminalis - E. rubida alliance. He regards each Community as inadequately reserved in National Park over an area of 100-1000 ha.

Locally it is well represented on State Forest (8180 ha or 10% ofStudy Area)(Table 9) and will not be greatly affected byproposed operations as itwill oftenbe unsuitable for logging orreserved underthe PMP classification system or by management prescriptions (in wildlife reserves and filterstrips).

We consider the Group to be adequately reserved in the region.

Group 8. Eucalyptus paucijlora low open forest: Relates to two ofthe associations listed by Benson (1989) Le. E. pauciflora ssp pauciflora +- E. stellulata and E. pauciflora - E. dalrympleana. State-wide both ofthese associations are listed as N2 being inadequately reserved in the central and northern parts of their range. We assume that they are adequately reserved on the southern tablelands.

Regionally2356 ha oftheE. paucifloraGroup (Austin and Cocks 1978)isreservedinDeuaandWadbilliga National Parks (Table 7). Two-thirds ofthe plots in the Group sampled by Austin and Cocks (1978) were dominated by E. pauciflora. Thus we estimate that about 1600 ha of Group 8 are reserved in Deua and Wadbilliga National Park.

Gilmour (unpubl. data) lists two E. pauciflora Communities in Deua National Park which he regards as inadequately conserved with atotal area of200-2000 ha. We expect that the Group is represented in Badja Swamp and Tinderry Nature Reserves.

Locally Group 8 is well represented on State Forest (about 3,900 ha or 5% ofthe Study Area) (Table 9) and generally unsuitable for logging operations.

We considerthe Group to be adequately reserved in the regionbutitmay be desirable to fonnally recognise the structurally unusual Community 8.2 (E. pauciflora shrubby forest) in the reserve system.

Group 9. Eucalyptus nitens tall open forest: Statewide Benson (1989) lists a E. nitens association for the northern tablelands only as N3 and a E. nitens -E. fastigata association for the southern tablelands as V2 - vulnerable, inadequately reserved, threatened by logging.

Regionally, E. nitens forest has a restricted distribution. It occurs on the western edge ofDeua National Park (pers. obs. ofthe authors) butthe extentofthis Community in the regional reserve system is unknown. There is a fine stand in Wadbilliga National Park according to Gilmour (unpubl. data) who regards the

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 35 E. nitens Community as inadequately reserved with an areaof10-100 hain Deua National Park. Outhred1 (unpubl. data) recognised aE. jraxinoides/E. paucijlora/E. nitens site group whichhe sampled ontensites in Wadbilliga National Park. We do not know whether this group occurs in Tinderry Nature Reserve.

Locally an accurate indication ofits distribution in the Study Area is available from recently completed Forest Type mapping. Nearly 400 ha offorest dominated by E. nitens occurs on Tallaganda and Badja State Forests. Extensive stands occur in the vicinity ofcompartments 241, 242, 245, 246, 247 and 251 as well as 224 and 227 on Tallaganda State Forest. A Community intermediate between Group 9 (E. nitens) and Group 1 (E.fastigata) is known to occur in Jerrabattgulla Forest Preserve from previous surveys.

The regi,onally andlocally restricted distributionoftheE. nitens Communitywarrants further investigation to locate suitable areas for formal reservation.

Group 10Eucalyptusrubidaopenforest: State-wide Benson(1989) recognises aE. rubida-E. viminalis association occurring on the southern tablelands which he classifies as V2 - vulnerable, inadequately conserved and poorly conserved throughout its range.

Regionally, Austin and Cocks (1978) sampled a E. pauciflora-E. rubida Community which probably comprises about half(800 ha) ofthe E. pauciflora Group (two out offour plots) represented in Deua and Wadbilliga National Parks. Gilmou~ (unpubl. data) lists a E. radiata-E. rubida Community and a E. viminalis-E. rubida Community each occupying 100-1000ha in Deua National Parkand each regarded by him as inadequately reserved in the National Park. The Group is expected to occur in Tinderry Nature Reserve because ofthe proximity and physiographic and climatic similaritiesbetweenparts ofthe Reserve and areas occupied by the Group on Tallaganda State Forest.

Locally, only 145 ha ofForestType 141 are mapped inourStudy Area. Because ofits insecure S~te-wide conservation status and locally restricted distribution, further effort may be warranted to clarify the distribution ofthe E. rubida Community in the Region. Alternatively either all areas mapped as Forest Type 141 in the Study Area could be reserved or at least 15% ofits mapped occurrence in the Study Area could be included in a Flora Reserve. This may be possible in the vicinity ofJinjera Hill.

Group 11 Eucalyptus melliodora - E. tereticomis forest: This Community does not relate well to any association described by Benson for the southern tablelands, or elsewhere in New South Wales. It has similarities with the E. tereticornis-E. globoidea association which he lists as NI not threatened and not conserved.

Regionally, Austin and Cocks (1978) identified a Land System (44) which covers 14,000 ha and has a E. tereticornis-E. melliodora-E. maidenii Forest Type. This Type apparently occurs on crown land east ofMajors Creekbutmuch ofland system 44 (Austin and Cocks 1978) has beencleared oris freehold land.

Gilmou~(unpubl. data) also lists anE. tereticornis-E. globoidea Community. This Community is regarded as inadequately reserved and occupies 100-1000 ha ofDeua National Park.

Locally the Community has not been identified by API mapping in the Study Area.

The E. melliodora Community is very restricted within the Study Area. Its habitat is moderately steep dry slopes on the eastern escarpment ofBerlang State Forests. It should be reserved in total.

Group 12 Eucalyptus globoidea forest: State-wide Benson (1989) lists the E. globoidea-E. baueriana­ Angophorafloribunda association as N2.

Regionally large areas occurin the NationalParks to the eastand southofthe Study Area (Austin and Cocks 1978). Gilmou~ (unpubl. data) lists an equivalent Community which is, in his opinion, adequately

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, STATB FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 36 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 reserved in Deua National Park covering over 1000 ha. Thus well in excess of10% ofthe Community is reserved regfonally.

Locallythere are about500ha ofthis group inthe Study Area (Table 9). Much ofitis generally inaccessible areas which will notbe affected by forestry operations. We considerthat the Group is adequately reserved in the regional and local context

Group 13 Eucalyptus muelleriana forest: State-wide Benson (1989) lists an E. cypellocarpa­ E. muelleriana association on the south coast as N3.

Regionally, large areas occur in the National Parks adjoining the Study Area (Austin and Cocks 1978). Gilmoufl (unpubl. data) lists an equivalent Community which occupies 100 - 1000 ha in Deua National Park and is regarded by him as being adequately conserved.

Locally about 500 ha ofthe Group occur in the Study Area. Much ofthis is in·areas which will remain undeveloped as with the previous Group.

Group 14Eucalyptusmanniferaopenwoodland: State-wide Benson (1989) liststhis Community as N2.

Regionally, Austin and Cocks (1978) estimated 193 ha ofthe locally rare E. dives - E. mannifera type to occurinthe proposed Tuross - Deua National Park (now Deua and Wadbilliga National Parks). Gilmoufl (unpubl. data) regards the E. mannifera-E. dives Community as inadequately reserved on Deua National Park with an area of 100-1000 ha. Outhred 1 (unpubl. data) regards the Community as uncommon in Wadbilliga National Park. A E. mannifera Community occurs on Tinderry Nature Reserve (K. Boer, Resources Forester, State Forests ofNew South Wales, pers. comm.).

Locally, the Group is not well represented inState Forestinthe Study Area. Only 32 hahavebeenmapped onTallaganda StateForest and adjoining crown timberlands. Although most ofthis Group onpublic lands inthe region is reserved and itis generally unsuitable for logging, all mapped areas on State Forest should be reserved.

Group 15 Eucalyptus stellulata Iow open forest: Statewide Benson (1989) appears to classify this Community with the E. pauciflora ssp pauciflora +- E. stellulata association listed as N2 and regarded as being inadequately reserved on the central and northern tablelands. We assume that it is adequately reserved on the southern tablelands.

Regionally, small areas «10 ha) ofE. stellulata occur in Deua National Park (Gilmoufl unpubl. data). Outhred 1 (unpubl. data) recorded E. stellulata in Wadbilliga National Park

Locally the E. stellulata Community has avery restricted distribution (27 ha mapped onTallaganda State Forest) and is not subject to logging but may be affected by grazing.

Consideration should be given to reserving some examples ofthis Group together with Group 19 Swamp Heath.

Group 16 Rainforest: State-wide Benson (1989) lists Acmena smithii rainforest as N2.

Regionally, Austin and Cocks (1978) estimated 1082 ha ofAcmena smithii rainforest to occur in the then proposed National Park system. Gilmoufl (unpubl. data) listed 100-1000 ha of Backhousia-Acmena rainforest in Deua National Park. He regarded it as being adequately conserved.

Locally, only 113 ha are mapped onthe Study Area, all ofwhichis reserved (by managementprescription). We consider that this Group is adequately reserved at the regional and local level.

STATB FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 37 Group 17 Grasslands: In the Study Area grasslands appear to comprise artificial Communities not requiring reselVation. Gilmoufl (unpubl. data) regards the grasslands in Deua National Park as artificial Communities. Crawford3 (unpubl. data) stated that a Poa grass land may surround montane swamps in Wadbilliga National Park but did not sUlVey the grassland.

Group18Heath: Regionallythis groupis well representedonDeuaand WadbilligaNationalParks which containover2000haofthe Heath Group (Austin and Cocks 1978). Accordingto Gilmoufl (unpubl. data) Allocasuarioo0000heathis "wellconselVed" inbothDeuaand WadbilligaNationalParks butOxylobiwn ellipticwnheathisnotalthoughmorethan 10haofOxylobiwnellipticwnheathisreselVedinDeuaNational Park.

Locally, the heath Communities are concentrated in Berlang and Bendoura State Forests and are mostly Allocasuarioo 0000 heaths.

The higheraltitude heaths are comparable to the Oxylobiwn ellipticwn heath ofGilmoufl (unpubl. data). They coververy small areas onrockoutcrops. Although a large proportion ofthese higher altitude heaths are reselVed in the region, further reselVations in the Study Area are warranted because of their very restricted distribution and the presence ofrare species.

Group19 Swampheath: Regionally, Crawford3 (unpubl. data) recognised amontaneswampCommunity which "may not be adequately conselVed in Wadbilliga" National Park. The swamp Community of Gilmoufl (unpubl. data) is not closely related to Group 19.

Locally, mostofthe swamp heath Community occurs onBadjaState Forest This Community will notbe subject to logging operations but could be affected by grazing or burning.

Some rare plants (e.g. E. parvula) are associated with swamps. ReselVation ofthe swamp Community in the Study Area should be considered.

Other Communities

ThesUlVey didnotsampleForestType 114 - SilvertopAsh- Stringybark. ThisTypeoccursinintennediate positions between Silvertop Ash Type 112 and the Stringybark Types (123, 133, 157, 169) which were sampled.

State-wide, Benson(1989) recognises aE. sieberi-E. globoidea-E. consideniaooCommunity, aE. sieberi­ E. agglomerata Communityand aE. sieberi-E. muelleriaoo-E. smithiiCommunityallofwhichareclassed N3.

We would not expect to encounter rare species in Type 114 which is widespread in the region (E. agglomerata-E. muelleriaoo-E. cypellocarpa type) (Austin and Cocks 1978) and adjoining regions. Gilmoufl(unpubl. data) recognised aE. sieberi-E. agglomerataCommunityand aE. sieberi-E. muelleriana Community each of which was regarded as adequately reselVed in Deua National Park with an area of 1000-10000ha. Crawford3 (unpubl. data) statedthatthe ashstringybark forests are well conselVed within Wadbilliga and Bemboka National Parks.

The Study Area contains 181 ha typed as Forest Type 166 River Peppennint One plot was allocated to this Type but actually fell in QFS 11, the Eucalyptus melliodora - Eucalyptus tereticornis Community. Thus the River Peppennint Type was not sampled.

State-wide, Benson (1989) recognises a E. elata Community which is classified as N3.

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 38 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 · Regionally, GilmourZ (unpubl. data) lists aE. elata Community for Deua National Park which he regards as inadequately reserved with an area of 100-1000 ha. However this is apparently a riparian Community which does not correspond to Ff 166 on Berlang State Forest.

In the Study Area Forest Type 166 is confined to the steep easterly escarpment ofBerlang State Forest. Most ofthe area onBerlang State Forest is inaccessible or economically unloggable and will remain free from disturbance by forestry activities. We consider that the E. elata Community is adequately reserved in the State, regional and local context.

Afew ofthe restricted tableland Communities may not be well represented on any crown lands. Examples are Forest Types 103 Apple Box, 136 Snow Gum-Black Sallee, 137 Black Sallee and 143 Swamp Gum! Black Gum/Broad leaved Sallee (Forestry Commission of New South Wales 1989). Some of these Communities are expected to occur on Tinderry Nature Reserve, nevertheless, they may warrant reservation in the Study Area.

Forest Types 218 (Forestry Plantations) and 219 (Settlements, Roads, Gravel Pits etc) represent artificial Communities. Forest Type 230 (Natural Grassland) appears to have been misapplied to artificial Communities inthe Study Area. Forest Type 234 may have been misapplied to a range ofCommunities occurring on rock outcrops (Forestry Commission of New South Wales 1989).

Type 158v, althoughmapped in the Study Area, is not alegitimate Type according to the system described by Forestry Commission ofNew ~outh Wales (1989). Similarly type 144 which is mapped in the Study Area and described as Snow Gum - Peppennint falls within the definition of Type 138 (Snow Gum) according to Forestry Commission of New South Wales (1989). We consider these types to have been adequately sampled under their conventional classifications in the survey.

3. IMPACT OF LOGGING

Logging is for economic and operational reasons confined to a limited number ofplant Communities in the Study Area, mainly within Groups 1,2,3,4 and 9. Recent logging has been largely restricted to the southern part ofthe Study Area and has involved a considerable proportion ofthe Ash Groups (3 and 4). The older logging was mainly confined to the northern part ofthe Study Area and the Brown Barrel or Messmate Groups (l and 2).

The ordination diagram (Figure 3) may reflect this pattern. There is some separation betweenthe younger and olderlogging categories butboth categories are mostly encompassed by the unlogged, loggable plots. On the otherhand, the unloggable plots are relatively more distinct from the loggable plots. The ordination suggests that plant Community composition is influenced more by environmental variation than by logging history.

The Kruskal-Wallis test did not detect significant differences in species richness between logging categories even though plots in the older logging appeared to have a higher mean species richness than those which had been more recently logged (Table 3).

Analyses ofindividual species differences according to logging history (Table 4, Table 5) suggest that 20 species (14% ofthose tested) may be associated with eitherlogged or unlogged plots. Most ofthese (13) were associated with logged plots.

The associationofspecies with eitherlogged orunlogged plots does notnecessarily reflectlogging effects. Forexamp1e,Eucalyptuscypellocarpahas arestricted distribution inthe Study Area, being associated with lower altitude sites to the east ofthe Great Dividing Range. This species was recorded on only eight plots in the survey, seven ofwhich were in Ber1ang State Forest and the other was in the Snowball section of Tallaganda State Forest. Both these areas are undeveloped and have not been logged. The association of STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 39 E. cypellocarpa with unlogged plots appears to reflect its geographical distribution ratherthan any effect oflogging. Similarly, the association ofCyathea australis withunlogged plots may refle<;t its geographic distribution as most ofthe records were from generally undeveloped areas on Berlang State Forest and Badja State Forest;

Thelimitations ofdeteImining impacts from retrospective studies are acknowledged (Methods section5). The sUlvey and data analyses failed to detect any significant impacts of previous logging on species richness or broad Community composition ofplots. Ofthe 143 more commonplant species recorded in the survey, seven were associated with unlogged plots (P

It is not possible to perfOIm these analyses for the less common species which are likely to be ofgreater concern. Nevertheless, nearly all the significant plant species and unusual Communities identified in the Study Area either occur on sites which are physically unloggable (e.g. steep, rocky, swampy), have a structure ortree species compositionunsuitable forlogging orboth. Thenotable exception is theE. nitens Community(Group9). However,theEucalyptus nitensCommunityhas regeneratedsuccessfullyfollowing logging (pers. obs. ofthe authors).

The other significant plant species and Communities in the Study Area are more likely to be affected by grazing, road construction or burning activities than by logging.

4. WEEDS

Twenty-one species of naturalised exotic plants were recorded in the Study Area. Most of these were recorded at a low frequency amongst the plots (Appendix 1) and had a low cover when they did occur (Appendix 3). Two weed species had amoreextensive distribution. Cirsiwn vulgarewas recorded at 14% ofplots and Hypochaeris radicata was reported from 68% ofplots. Neitherspecies achieved a high cover at any particularplot. Neither species had a higher frequency or cover in logged plots.

With two exceptions, weeds did not contribute a high proportion ofspecies richness ofplots. AtPlots 66 and 70, weeds contributed 13% and 19% ofthe species respectively. Boththeseplots sampled opengrassy areas grazed by domestic stock.

FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, STATB FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 40 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 RECOMMENDATIONS

1. INTRODUCTION

In the following sections we recommend the reservation ofsites or areas containing specified plants or Communities. We have not specified the size or type ofreservation, preferring to allow managers the flexibility to designthe reserve system so thatitachieves the objectives ofthe overall conservationstrategy in the most efficient manner. The size ofreserves should be compatible with the aims ofthe reservation. For example, a reserve to protect the rare species Diuris aequalis could be around 1ha in size ifthis area encompassed the whole ofan identified occurrence ofthe species. On the other hand a reserve designed to sample a number of forest Communities such as is proposed at Bald Peak may need to extend over hundreds ofhectares.

The appropriate type ofreservation will depend on the size as well as the aims ofthe reservation. For example, it would probably not be appropriate to gazette a small area of about 1 ha as a Flora Reserve whereas an area ofhundreds ofhectares sampling a number offorest Communities may warrant the legal status and formal management systems which apply to Flora Reserves.

Some reservations may be achieved through the Preferred Management Priority classification system. Oth~rs such as those which aim to reserve all areas ofspecified Communities could be achieved through formal management prescriptions as is currently the case with rainforest Communities on State Forests.

2. SIGNIFICANT PLANT SPECIES

Baeckea denticulata: No action is proposed as this species has not been recorded on State Forests and is adequately reserved according to Briggs and Leigh (1988).

Discaria pubesens: No action is proposed as this species has not been recorded on State Forests and is widely distributed and adequately reserved (Briggs and Leigh 1988).

Diuris aequalis: Site specific surveys for this species should precede any forestry operations on the Butmaroo Range. Specific sites found to contain this species should be reserved.

Dodonea rhombifolia: No action is proposed as this species is widely distributed and adequately reserved (Briggs and Leigh 1988).

Eucalyptus badjensis: It is likely that the reserve system established under the conservation strategy for the Study Area will include stands ofGroup 1(E.jastigata)containingmaturetreesofE. badjensis. Estimates should be made of the area of such stands placed in reserves and the number of trees of E. badjensis included. This would improve the knowledge ofthe reserved population size ofthe species.

Eucalyptus kartzofJiana: Site specific surveys for this species should precede any forestry operations in suitable habitat on Berlang State Forest. Suitable habitat consists ofmoderately steep, dry slopes at 400 to 600m a.sJ. containing E. radiata, E. maidenii, E. viminalis, or E. melliodora (Cole and Hall 1975). Specific sites found to contain the species should be reserved.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 41 Eucalyptus parvula: This species may occur on Badja State Forest. Field surveys should be conducted for the species near Badja Mill (Figure 1). Occurrences identified by these surveys or any other means should be reserved. Reservations ofE. parvula should be designed to incorporate Group 19 (fype 231) Swamp Heath ifthis Community occurs in the same location (swamp or flat).

Gentiana bredboensis: Any proposed forestry operations south of the Tinderry Range west of Rocky RidgeFireTrail andnorthofGreenHillsFireTrailonBadjaStateForestshouldbeprecededbysitespecific surveys forthis species wherevertheyimpingeupongrassyseepageareas. Ifanyoccurrences areidentified they should be reserved.

Leucopogon fletcheri: The occurrence near Bald Peak should be reserved in an area centred on compartments204,461,460. ForestTypes223 (heath) 231 (swamp) 158n(E. nitens) and 155n(E.fastigata - E. nitens) occur in this area and should be included in the reserve. The reserve should include E. paucijlora shrubby forest ifit is found to occur in the vicinity.

Phebalium carruthersii: NationalParks and WildlifeServiceshouldbe requestedtosearchforbackground infonnationonthe recorded occurrence atBig BadjaHill. Unless thepossible occurrence is contradicted, field surveys forthe species should be conducted atthenominatedsite. Ifcontinnedtheoccurrence should be reserved.

Phebalium ellipticum: The occurrence at Big Badja Hill should be reserved. The same reserve should include the occurrence of Prostanthera monticola. Areas of Eucalyptus fastigata shrubby forest, E. paucijlora shrubby forest or E. fastigata - Dianella tasmanica low open forest may adjoin the heath Community (Group 18) containing these ROTAP species. If so they should be included in the same reserves.

Pomaderris costata: No action is proposed as this species is widely distributed, reserved in four separate locations dispersed within its range and recorded only from logged forest in the Study Area.

Prostanthera monticola: The occurrence at Big Badja Hill should be reserved.

Prostanthera walteri: Surveys forthis species should occuratBigBadjaHill. Ifitis found onStateForest it should be included in a reserve with the other rare species.

Westringia lucida: Any occurrences of this species which are identified in the Study Area should be reserved.

3. SIGNIFICANT PLANT COMMUNITIES

Eucalyptusjastigataforest: The reserve system establishedunderthe conservation strategy forthe Study Area is likely to sample E. fastigata Communities. Inthe design ofthe reserve system, preference should be given to sampling E. fastigata Communities which contain E. badjensis ifpossible.

We have recommended the reservation ofrare plants and plant Communities at Bald Peak and Big Badja Hill. Ifstructurally unusual (low) E.fastigata Communities adjoin the areas containing these plants or Communities, they should be included in the reserves.

Eucalyptus obliqua forest: Reservationofthis Community shouldbe fonnally adopted as a management prescriptionforLowdenForestPark. Itis likelythatthe reserve system establishedunderthe conservation strategy for the Study Area will sample this Communjty. The total reserved area should be estimated.

Itis considered that the Community is adequately reserved in the region through its occurrence in Deua National Park. Ecological studies cited in this report provide the basis for this assessment.

FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, STATB FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 42 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Eucalyptuspaucijlora shrubbyforest: Althoughthis unusual Communitywould notgenerally be subject to disturbance by forestry activities, a reference stand should be reserved. We have recommended the reservationofrare plants and otherplant Communities at Bald Peak and Big Badja Hill. Ifthis Community adjoins areas containing these plants or Communities it should be included in the reserves.

Eucalyptus nitens forest: A relatively undisturbed example of this Community should be reserved. Preferably this would be within one or other ofthe proposed new reserves at Bald Peak or Big Badja Hill. Ifsuitablyundisturbed and representative examples do not oCcurinthose areas, itmay be possibleto select a better sample from the extensive stands mentioned in the Discussion section. A minimum of40 ha of this Community should be reserved to ensure at least 10% reservation iocally and regionally.

Eucalyptus rubida forest: All areas mapped as Type 141 (Candlebark) should be reserved unless it is established that at least 20 ha of this Community (equivalent to about 15% of the local occurrence) is reserved inTinderry Nature Reserve. Alternatively, at least 20 ha ofthis Community should be reserved in a Flora Reserve in the Study Area.

Eucalyptus melliodora -Eucalyptus tereticornis forest: All areas ofthis Community in the Study Area should be reserved either by identifying and reserving its occurrence or by reserving its habitat

Eucalyptus mannijera woodland: All areas mapped as Type 109 in the Study Area should be reserved.

Eucalyptus steUulata forest: All areas mapped as Type 137 in the Study Area should be reserved. These reserves should include adjoining areas ofType 231 (Swamp Heath) ifavailable.

Heaths: Mapped Type 223 (Heath) should be included in reserves at Bald Peak and Big Badja Hill. Type 231 (Swamp Heath) should be included in the reserve at Bald Peak. This Type should also be reserved in conjunction with Type 137 (Black Sallee) if possible. The reserve system established under the conservation strategy for the Study Area should be designed to include either ofthese Types where they adjoin any other areas targeted for reservation. The reserve system should incorporate 70 ha ofType'231 to ensure 10% reservation locally and regionally.

Other Communities: Areas mapped as Types 103 (Apple Box), 136 (Snow Gum - Black Sallee), 137 (Black Sallee), and 143 (Swamp Gum/Black Gum/Broadleaved Sallee) should be reserved in the Study Area together with any adjoining areas ofType 223 or231. Reservation ofareas typed as rainforest in the Study Area should continue.

4. AMEUORATION OF FORESTRY IMPAcrS

Where areas are reserved under the foregoing recommendations logging should be excluded from those areas. As far as is possible grazing and road construction activities should also be excluded from such areas. Changes should not be made to existing fire regimes in these areas without considering the likely impacts ofsuch changes on the conservation ofthe significant plant species and Communities contained therein.

Where new grazing or road construction activities are proposed within swamps, rock outcrops or heath Communities, site specific surveys should be carried out to check for the presence of significant plant species or communities. Ifsuch species or communities are identified, the activities should be excluded or modified to minimise their impact on the significant species or communities.

STATE FORESTS OFNEW SOUTII WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FORESTRESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 43 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Ruth AlIen's contributionto the field workis gratefully acknowledged. Karen Hudson and Traecey Brassil collated and processed the data. Bob Bridges provided constructive criticism ofan earlier draft. Wendy Whatinan and Joy Gardner prepared the manuscript for publication. Mark Heron drew Figure 1.

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 44 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 REFERENCES

Anderson, R.H. (1961). Introduction. Contr. New South Wales.Natl. Herb., Fl. New SouthWales Nos 1­ 18: 1-15.

Austin, M.P., Adomeit, E.M. and Meyers, J.A. (1990). Classification ofthe Available Vegetation Data inthe EdenRegion. ConsultancyReport for the Joint Scientific Committee on South-EastForests. CSIRO Division ofWildlife Ecology.

Austin, M.P. and Cocks, K.D. (1978). Land Use on the South Coast of New South Wales. A study in methods ofacquiring and usinginfonnationto analyse regionallanduseoptions. CSIRO Australia.

Belbin, L. (1988). PATNPattern Analysis Package Reference Manual. CSIRO DivisionofWildlife and Rangelands Research.

Benson, J. (1989). Establishing Priorities for the Conservation ofRare or Threatened Plants and Plant Associations in New South Wales; onthe Conservation ofThreatened Species and their Habitats. Occasional Papers 2, IUCN Australian Committee.

Binns, DL Chapman, W.S. (1993). Flora Survey, Kempsey and Wauchope Management Areas, Central Region, New South Wales. For. Comm. NSWFor. Res. Ser. No. 24. 59 pp.

Binns, D.L. Chapman, (1995). Flora survey, Dorrigo three-yearEnvironmental Impact Statement Area, Northern Region New South Wales. State For. NSW For. Res. Ser. No. 25. 114 pp.

Briggs, J.D. and LeighJ.H. (1988). Rare orThreatened AustralianPlants. AustralianNational Parks and Wildlife Service Special Publ. No. 14.

Cole, E.G. and Hall, N. (1975). Araluen Gum Eucalyptus kartzoJfiana L. Johnson et D. Blaxell. Forest TreeSeriesNo 186. AustralianDeptofAgriculture Forestry andTimberBureau, AGPS, Canberra.

Costin, A.B. (1954). A Study ofthe Ecosystems ofthe Region ofNSW with Special Reference to Soil Erosion. Soil Conservation Service ofNSW, Sydney.

CSIRO (1969). Lands of the Queanbeyan - Shoalhaven Area, ACT and NSW. Land Research Series No. 24. CSIRO Melbourne.

Faith, D.P., Minchin, P.R. and Belbin, L. (1987). Compositional dissimilarity as a robust measure of ecological distance: A theoretical model and computer simulations. Vegetatio 69: 57-68.

Forestry Commission ofNew SouthWales (1983). Management Plan for BadjaManagement Area. For. Comm. NSW, Sydney.

ForestryCommissionofNew SouthWales (1984). ManagementPlanfor QueanbeyanManagementArea. For. Comm. NSW, Sydney.

Forestry Commission ofNew SouthWales (1989). ForestTypes inNew SouthWales. For. Comm. NSW Res. Note No 17. 95 pp.

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 45 Hager, T.C and Benson, J.S. (1992). Review ofthe conservation status of forest plant communities in north-eastern NSW. Report to the Australian Heritage Commission.

Harden, G.J. (1990). Flora ofNew South Wales Volume 1. Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney.

Harden, G.J. (1991). Flora ofNew South Wales Volume 2. Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney.

Harden, G.J. (1992). Flora ofNew South Wales Volume 3. Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney.

Harden, G.J. (1993). Flora ofNew South Wales Volume 4. Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney.

Jacobs, S.W.L. andPickard, J. (1981). Plants ofNew South Wales, A Census ofthe Cycads, Conifers and Angiospenns. Government Printer, Australia.

Keith, D.A. and Sanders, 1.M. (1990). Vegetation ofthe Eden Region, south-eastern Australia: species composition, diversity and structure. J. Veg. Sci. 1:203-232.

Richards, RN., Bridges, RG., Curtin, RA., Nix, H.A., Shepherd, K.R, Turner, 1. (1990). Biological conservation ofthe south-east forests. Minister for Resources, Commonwealth of Australia and Minister for Natural Resources, State ofNew South Wales, AGPS Canberra.

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, STATB FORESTS OF NEW soum WALES 46 SOUTIlERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 APPENDIX 1

SPECIES USTAND OCCURRENCES BYPWTS

Species Risk Occurrence

Class LYCOPSIDA LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodium deuterodenswn 92436

Class FILICOPSIDA ADIANTACEAE Adiantum aerhiopicum o Adiantum formosum 91 ASPLENIACEAE AspleniumflabelJijolium 3350 82 8991 93 99 112 BLECHNACEAE Blet:hnum cartilagineum 29538081828385899192 Blechnum minus 70 Blechnum nudum 51 6792 94 97 106 Blechnum patersonii 200 Blechnum wattsii 867 Doodia aspera 278589112 Doodia caudata vat. caudata 35 Doodiasp. 60 CYATHEACEAE Cyaihea australis 7827283132536781 8283 8S 92 DENNSTAEOTIACEAE Hypolepis glandulifera 85 Hypolepts rugosula 200 Pteridium esculentum 1 23456789 10 11 12 13 14 16192223 24262728293031 323334 36 39 40 4143 44 46 47 484951 525354555657586162 64 67 72 73 74 75 767778 79 80 81 8283 84 85 86 8990 9293 94 95 97 9899 100 101 102 104 105 106 111 112 DICKSONIACEAE Calochlaena dubia 8589919294 Dicksonia antarctica 91199 DRYOPTERIDACEAE lAstrebpsis acuminata 91 Polystichum proliferum 1 5 6 30 31 33 50 60 70 81 97 99 106 GLEICHENIACEAE Gleichenla microphylla o Sticherus lobatus 8 LINDSAEACEAE Lindsaea linearis 45 OSMUNDACEAE Todea barbara o

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBAD1A EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 47 ------

Species Risk Occurrence

POLYPODIACEAE Microsorum pustulatum 64 Microsorum scandens 91 Pyrrosia rupestris 91112 PTERIDACEAE Pteris umbrosa 91 SINOPTERIDACEAE Cheilanthes sleeerl 87 Cheilanthes sp. 90 Pellaea!alcata 81878891111 112

Class CONlFEROPSIDA CUPRESSACEAE Callitris endlicheri o

Class MAGNOLTOPSIDA - LIT..IIDAE ANTHERICACEAE Arthropodium millej10rum 3847 71 84 87 88 95 100 104 111 112 Laxmannia gracilis o Tricoryne elatior 88111 CENTROLEPIDACEAE Centrolepis strigosa 596570 COLCmCACEAE Burch4rdia umbellata 63 Wunnbea dioica 63 CYPERACEAE Carex appressa 25 35 66 67 70 77 Carex breviculmis 6 22 82 85 90 99 Carex gaudlchaudiana o CyatJu>chaetadi,fndra 87 Cyperus imbecillis 87 Cyperus Jucidus o Gahnia clarkei 54 Gahnia melanocarpa 92 Gahnia radula 9 Gahnia sieberiana 867100 Gahnia sp. 1245 Gahnia subaequiglumis 68 Lepidospenna laterale 4 8 14 15424648 53 68 72 75 80 8687 88 89 90102 111 112 Lepidosperma urophorum 2324414244 72 8492112 Schoenus apogon 5963 Schoenus maschalinus 70 Schoenus sp. 2565 HYPOXIDACEAE Hypoxis hygrometrica 636570100 IRIDACEAE Diplarrena Tnoraea o Ubertia paniculata 53 Patersonia glabrata 1558

FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA. STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 48 SOUTHERN REGION. NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Species Risk Occurrence

Patersonia longiforia 152142 Patersonia sericea 374243 45 109 Patersonia sp. 46 JUNCACEAE Juncus australis 35100 Juncus bufonius* 33 Juncus continuus 77 Juncus falcatus 38 Juncus pauctjlorus 35 59 65 66 67 70 77 Juncus planifolius 38 Juncus procerus 386570 Luzula flaccida 1 23 S6 10 11 19 28 29 33 35 38 39 505355 59 60 66 67 69 70 74 LILIACEAE Liliaceae sp. 1968 LOMANDRACEAE Lomandra confeTtifolia 4596108 Lomandrafiliformis 4372 Lomandra glauca 141542 Lomandra longifolia 4910 121314161719202122 23 24 2526 27 29 30 34 36 37 4041 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 61 62 64 67 68 69 72 73 74 75 77 78 79 80 82 83 84 86 87 88 89 9093 94 95 9698 Lomandra multij10ra 12 13 14112021 22395917 87 90 103 104 LUZURIAGACEAE Drymophila cyanocarpa 1630 Eustrephus latifolius 538182858991112 Geitonoplesium cymosum 8189106112 ORCIllDACEAE Acianthus exsertus 106 Acianthus sp. 04649 Caladenia caerulea 29 Caladenia catenata 3195759 Caladenia gracilis 2032454769 Caladenia sp. 487274 Calochilus gracilh'mus 17 Calochilus robertsonii 15 Chiloglottis pluricallata 1 2 4 6 11 12 25 33 45 48 49 50 51 55 67 72 74777997 Chiloglottis rejlexa 197 Chiloglottis sp. 2044 52 5762 76 80 Cryptostylis leptochila 64 Cryptostylis sp. 44 Dendrobium specU>sum var. 89 speciosum Dendrobium teretifolium 89 Dipodium punctatum 8688 199 Diuris aequa/is 3VC- 198 Diuris lanceo/ata 6566

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBADIA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES O. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 49 Species Risk Occurrence

Diuris sulphurea 45596672 Eriochilus cucul/atus 199 Gastrodia sesamoides 7097 Orchidaceae sp. 638 Pterostylis coccinea 197 Pterostylis decurva 199 Pterostylis!urcata 199 Pterostylis longifolia 200 Ptetostylis nutans 47 Pterostylissp.. 3746 SafcochiluS falc(ltus 91 Thdymitraixioides var. ixioides 20455963 PHORMIACEAE Dianella caerulea 910 1221232737424351798489110 Dianella revoluta 14 15 3334 40 42 434657 59 64 72 8795 Dianella Ulsmanica 1234567910111718192021222324 25 26 28 29 30 31 32 33 35 36 37 39 40 41 44 46 47 48 49 5253 54 55 56 57 60 62 64 67 72 7374 75 767778 80 82 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 105106107 Thelionema caespitoswn o POACEAE Agrostis billardieri 95 Agrostis sp.. 57 Aira caryophylIea* 66 Aira sp. 67 Aristida sp. 088 Arisrida vaga~ 88 AustralopyrUJijpeciinatum 99 Australopyrumretrojractwn '. ,. 199 Briza minOr*' ... 63 Chionochloapdllida 15 Cymbopogon re/ractus 90 Dactylis sp~ o Danthonia induta 64 Danthonia 1aevis 47 Danthonia Jongifolia 8790 Danthonia penicillata 197 Danthonia pilosa var. pilosa o86 93 100 199 Danthonia racemosa var. 53 racemosa Danthonia setacea 68 Danthonia sp. 62738112 Deyeuxia gunniana o DeyeUXia quadriseta 74 Dichelachne micrantluz 199 Dichelachne rora 2785 8687909596 101 102 107 108 Dichelachne sp. 63 Echinopogon caespiiotus 200 Echinopogon ovatus 34 1622 33 345075939799 III

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 50 SOUTIlERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Species Risk Occurrence

Erytnusscabervarscaber 102 Entolasia stricta 90111 Hierochloe rariflora 8 44 82 83 92 96 Holcus lanatus* 100 /nzperata cylindrica 200 Microlaena stipoides var. 1 3 5 67 1011 12 14 16 17 18 192022 23 24 stipoides 2529 30 32 34 35 374648 49 51 52 53 54 57 596061637072 747576818586878892 9394969899 101 102 104 106 109 110 111 Nassella trichototna* 6670 Oplismenus imbecillus 87 90 91 111 112 Perotis rara 66 Poa helrnsii o Poainduta 95 Poa labillardieri var. 19335060 81 8597100 102 103 111 labillardieri Poa tneionectes 1234567 11 15 16 17 18 1920212224 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 40 45 464748495051525354555657596061 62 63 65 66 67 68 69 72 73 74 75 76 n 78 79 8081 858990969799 102 101 104 105 Poa queenslandica 68 Poa sieberiana 93949598103107 108 111 PoaSp. 253065 70 82 83 84 8692 100 112 Poasp.1 15 Poasp.2 15 Poaceae (several species) 71 Poaceaesp. 193538404344 47 55 61 6271 82 8695 100 104109 Poaceae sp.l 2 Poaceae sp.2 2 Poace.ae sp.3 77 Sporobolus caroli 100 Stipa pubescens 59 Stipa rudis ssp. nervosa 93 Stipa sp. 1013 162022404753637688 Themeda australis 34 47638790102 RESTIONACEAE Enzpodisma minus 3871 Restio australis 71 Restio complanatus 38 SMILACACEAE Smilax australis 4 7 9 11 19 27 30 31 32 39 48 51 53 54 67 73 79808182858689929499 100 106 112 UVULARIACEAE Schelhamrnera undulata 46 81 82 83 85 86 92 XANTHORRHOEACEAE Xanthorrhoea australis o

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTIl WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTIlERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 51 Species Risk Occurrence

Oass MAGNOLIOPSIDA - MAGNOLllDAE APIACEAE Conium maclilatum * 200 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 31 36 38 50 65 95 Hydrocotylepeduncularis 70 Hydrocotyle sp. 1 23 4 567 16 18 1920272830 32 33 39 484951535460 61676971 73 75 7677 78 808182838586899293 94979899 102 109111112 Hydrocotyle tripartita 3863 Oreomy"his eriopoda 1925 29 35 3847 50 51 53 667477 93 95 101 102 Platysace Ianceolata 8 9 1324 27 36 89 112 ARALIACEAE Polyscias sambuci/olia 89101 107 112 Polyscias sambucijoIia ssp_ A 279131820212437404144 46 47 52 55 5764 Polyscias sambucijolia ssp. C 27 ASCLEPIADACEAE Marsdenia rostrata 91112 TyIophora barbata 22 53 81 82 83 85 86 89 92 Arrhenechthites mixta 10 1821 3144 57 5862 110 Bedfordia arborescens 1 5 11 3082 106 Brachycome decipiens 100 Brachycome obovata 65 Brachycome sp. 62 66 73 75 84 89 105 Brachycome spathuIata 2 39 49 50 59 95 104 BracteantFUz bracreata 1 4 5 33 50 51 53 57 60 94 97 99 Cassinia aculeata 5399 Cassinia qUlnque/aria 200 Cassinia uncata 200 Chrysocephalum apiculatum 200 Cirsium vuIgare* 35115961666970778285 87 92 94102 111 Conyzasp.* 36 Craspedia cooIaminica 47697795 Cymbonotus preissianus 3 192234 35 475361667477 Gnaphalium calvicep~ 1036 GnaphaIium gymnocephalum 101929464753545960 61 70 104 106 Gnaphalium invoIucratum 199 GnaphaIium sp. 77 GnaphaIium sp. 31125386577100 112 HeIichrysum e1atum 3851112 Helichrysum leucopsidium 4652 55 57 95 96 HeIichrysum scorpioides 1 2 3 4 6 11 16 25 26 28 29 32 33 34 35 37 39 47485051 53545963676974757778 80 89949598101 105 109 Helichrysum sp_ 347

FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA. STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 52 SOUTIlERN REGION. NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Species Risk Occurrence

Hypochaeris radicata* 1234567 10 1112 14 15 16 18 192022 25 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 36 37 38 39 45 46 47 48 49 5053 54 55 57 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 6772 73 74757677 80 81858687889293 9495969899 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 109 111 Lagenifera stipitata 1 2 4 5 6 7 10 11 16 18 19 22 25 26 28 29 30 323537394748495051535455576061 6267697072 7375768081 828385 86 87 87 88 90 92 93 94 969799 101 105 106 111 Leptinella filicula 1 235 6 112528303335385051 60 70 74 97105 alpicola o Olearia argophylla 3053678182106 Olearia erubescens 1820404749535762737884 103 Olearia glandulosa 197 olearia megalophylla 23 11 28 3048 6067 74 8397 105 Olearia stellu[ata 130 Ozothamnus argophyllus 8790112 Podolepis sp. 65 Senecio glomeratus 77 Senecio hispidu[us var. 50515364 dissectus Senecio linearifolius 27316067 Senecio minimus 505160 Senecio sp. 34 5566101 Senecio sp. E 2311192025293031 3334 3536394647 4849 51 53 54 57 6061 62 64 6974 75 7678 8283868990929395969899100 102 103 105112 Senecio velleioides 112 Sigesbec/da orientalis* 878890 Soncluls asper* 200 Sonchus oleraceus* 370 Taraxacum officinale· 31022294759616670 Vernonia cinerea 87 BIGNONIACEAE Pandorea pandorana 899091112 BORAGINACEAE Boraginaceae sp. 34 Cynoglossum austraJe 102 III Echium vulgare* 200 Myosotis australis 85 BRASSICACEAE Cardamine sp. 63 CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia communis 90 Wahlenbergia littoricola 104 Wahlenbergia sp. 59638488939599102103 Wahlenbergia sp.l 63

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 53 pecles ccurrence

CARYOPHYLLACEAE Cerastium glomeratum* 70 SteJlaria angusti/olia 70 SteJ!aria flaccida 2730313977 81 828385 91 92 106 111 .... Stellaria multiflora 6 Stellaria pungens 1 2 3 5 67 19 20 28 29 3233 35 4647 5051 536061 64 67 69 70737478809394 95 96 979899 CASUARINACEAE Allocasuarina diminuta 45 .Allocasuarinalitioralis 225987 .Allocasuarina .nana 15 AllocasuariTia paludosa 63 CHENOPODIACEAE Einadia haStata 88 CONVOLVULACEAE Dichondra repens 1 35 192225282932343548 51 535459 61 66 707475 767778 85 87 88 90 91 9293 99100 101 102111 CRASSULACEAE Crassula heJmsii . 38 Crassula sieberiana 8788 DILLENlACEAE Hibbertiaobrusifolia· 1415 162022404142434655586164 72 7993 95 101 102 103 107 108 Hibbertia serpyllifolia 42434446 DROSERACEAE Drosera aUriculata 45596367 Drosera peZtata . o ELAEOCARPACEAE ElaeocarpuS holopetalus 199 Elaeocarptis reticulatus 3689112 EPACRIDACEAE . divaricata 161925 262830365668789899 105 Acrotriche §errulata 34 37 4763 6677 93 95 101 102 103 109 Astroloma humijusum 95 Brachylol1UldaphMides 154245 58 68 103 108 109 Epacridaceae sp. 1 Epacris brevijlora 373871 Epacris impressa 36104 Epacris microphylla 35636566100 104 109 Epacris paludosa 3771 Epacris robusta o Leucopogonfletcheri ssp A o Leucopogon /raseri 199 LeucopogongeUdus 18252637569698 105 Leucopogon hookeri 23 6 1825283338 66697073 7477 78 98 105 Leucopogon juniperinus 88111

FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA. STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTIl WALES 54 SOUTIlERN REGION. NEW SOUTIl WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Species Risk Occurrence

Leucopogon lanceolatus vat. 348911 1213 14 15 192021 22232426 Ianceolatus 27282931 32363940424344 46 474849 5253545556575861 64 677273757679 80828489909294 95 969899 100 101 106 111112 Leucopogon microphyllus 037 Leucopogon suaveolens 197 Leucopogon virgatus 4559 Lissanlhe strigosa 25102 Monotoca elliptica 6064 Monotoca scoparia 1314 162021242834 37 404244 45 55 56 697479101103 107 108 109 Styphelia angustijolia 5972 102 103 EUPHORBIACEAE Amperea xiphoclada 12 Phyllanthus gasstroemiilgunnii 91 Poranthera microphylla 256789 10 11 161920222324262728 293132333942464850515355576062 66676972 74 75767880828695969798 99106 Fabaceae sp. 1770109 FABACEA~FABOIDEAE Bossiaea buxifolia 46102 Bossiaea joliosa 17 21 34 66 77 103 108 109 110 Bossiaea obcordata 37424345 Bossiaea prostrata 34 59 72 104 109 Cytisus scoparius* o Daviesla mimosoides 34 414264 96 Daviesia ulicijolia 241012131416172137404547484953 54 58 67 73 77 79 80 83 84 86 99 105 109 110 Daviesia wyattiana o Desmodium brachypodum 88 Desmodium rhytidophyllum 83 Desmodium varians 19222934 53 81 82858687899092 102 104 111 112 Dillwynia ramosissima 56 Glycine clandestina 341922293234 39 47 48 49 5354596166 676974757781 828385868788899092 939495100 101102 104 106 111 Glycine tabacina 8890111 Gompholobium grandij'/(Jrum o Gompholobium huegelii 21109 Gompholobium minus 45 Goodia loti/olia 4 31 32 39 89 94 106 Hardenbergia violacea 15164043464958727584 90 9395 Hovea linearis 14 152021 37404272 93 102 103 109 Indigo/era australis 4 46 47 49 87 90 94 95 112 Kennedia rubicunda 89 Medicago 8p. 363

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBADIA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTIlERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 55 Species Risk Occurrence

I Mirbelia rubiifolia o Oxylobium alpestre 18 Oxylobium ellipticum 4568 110 Oxylobium ilkifolium 10 14 15 16434879 112 Platylobiutnformosum 45 Pultenaea altissima o Pultenaea capitellata 66 Pultenaea daphnoides 92336 Pultenaea polifolia o Pultenaea subspicata 59 Pultenaea vrolandii 57 Trifolium repens* 63 65 6677 88 100 Trifolium sp. 193538 FABACEAE·M~OSOIDEAE Acacia boormani o Acacia buxifolia o Acacia dawsonii 200 Acacia dealbata 1 2 3 5 6 7 17 2029 33 374043 45 46 50 51 5257586061626972 73 74757677 7893 95 97 98 102 103 104 Acacia falcijormis 7131416224144 465253575864 8082 8389112 Acacia gunnii 1545103 108 Acacia implexa 8790 Acacia mearnsii 2259111 Acacia me1anoxylon 3 19 28 29 31 33 47 48 49 53 54 55 63 64 67 78 8093 959799 100 102 Acacia obliquinervia 910 122123242526272831 36566879 Acacia obtuSijolia 9 23 24 36 41 42 44 Acacia parramattensis 200 Acacia rubidil 8103 Acaciasp. 109 Acacia ternu'nalis 8 15 43 45 72 112 Acacia ulicifolia 41648100 GENTIANACEAE Centaurium erythraea* 1959100 Centaurium sp. 70101 Gentiana bredboensis 2V 198 GERANIACEAE Geranium antrorsum 66 Geranium neglectum 50 Geranium potentilloides 3293233485562748081959799 106 Geranium solanderi 2 195162 Geranium sp. 1 3 4 5 6 7 11 22 25 27 28 30 31 34 35 38 39 4749 53 54 60 61 6669 707376 77 78 82 83 85 86 88 92 93 94 96 98 111 GOODENIACEAE Goodenia bellidifolia o Goodenia elongata 43 Goodenia hederacea 15 184559110

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOU11I WALES 56 SOU11IERN REGION, NEW SOU11I WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES O. 32 Species Risk Occurrence

Goodenia hwnilis 65 Goodenia ovata 453112 Goodenia sp. 1041424672 HALORAGACEAE Gonocarpus micranthus 6770 Gonocarpus tetragynus 3461011 12 14 15 1617 18 1920212226 27 29 30 32 34 37 394043 44 45 46 47 48 49 51 5355 57 59 63 67697273 75 77 80 82 83 93959899 101 102 103 104 106 108 109 112 Gonocarpus teucrioides 36 54 61 84 86 92 107 HVPERICACEAE Hypericum gramineum 10 162245636674899395100 101102 103 104 111 Hypericum japonicum 38657071 Ajuga austraJis 353861667787889093101111112 Mentha diemenica 8488111 Mentlullaxiflora 47 Mentha satureioides 100 Plectranthus parviflorus 87 88 90 111 112 Prostanthera lasianthos 881 Prostanthera monticola 3RC- 68 Prostanthera walteri 3RCa 198 Scutellaria mollis 87 Teucrium corymbosum 0 Westringia lucida 3RC- 198 LAURACEAE Cassytha glabella 4049 Cassytha pubescens 199 LOBELIACEAE wbeliasp. 199 Pratia puberula 622 32 3360 70 74 77 100 106 Pratia purpurascens 1 51 72 81 82 83 85 86 87 88 90 92 93 98 111 Pratia sp. 109 LORANmACEAE wranthaceae sp 5379 MENISPERMACEAE Sarcopetalum Iulrveyanwn 91 MONIMIACEAE Atherosperma moschatwn 197 Acmena smithii 91 Angophorafloribunda 8890111 112 Backhousia myrtifolia 91112 Baeckea denticulata 3RCa 198 Baeckea utilis 25373871 Callistemon subulatus 21 Eucalyptus angophoroides 888990111 Eucalyptus badjensis 2RCi 198 Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 32 81 82 83 84 85 86 92

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES O. 32 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 57 Species Risk Occurrence

Eucalyptus dalrympleana 617202125 37434541 SS 59 61 626369 7476 7798 101 102 103 105 107 108 109 110 Eucalyptus dives 1543455966 103 107 108 Eucalyptus elala 158285 Eucalyptus/asngata . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 17 19 20 22 24 25 27 28 29 3031323335363944 49 51525354 55 62

..::. 7374 767718 80 81 82 84 85 92 94 9697 98 99100 104 106 Eucalyptus fri:zxinoldes 9 11 12 13 27 31 36 395658 EucalyptuS globoidea 16 23 88 90 111 Eucalyptus k4iizoffiana . 2VCi ····198 Eucalyptus miJidenU 878889 Eucalyptus m,innifera 4263 Eucalyprus'meliiodora 87 Eucalyptus muelleriana 8990112 Eucalyptus nitens 260 Eucalyptus obliqua 44849535467738081 828385 8692 100 Eucalyptus ovata 25 Eucalyptus parvula 2VCi 198 Eucalyptus paucij10ra 17182534 3537385060 616668697477 7893 98 102 103 105 108 109 110 Eucalyptus radJata 79 10 11 1213 14 1617 19202122232425 2628 2935 36 40 41 4243 44 45 46 47 48 49 525354 55 5758616212 737579808486 9394 959698 101 104 107 108 110 ..".., . EucalyptuS tUbidtJ .... 103 Eucalyptus siekeri 91012 13 1415162223243641424344 46 57 64 72 79 82 83 84 86 112 Bucaiypt'Ui.~!fflthit . ·44 525764 7283 Eucalyptus ste/lulata 3466100 Eucalyptus tcreticornis 87 Eucalyptus vimtnalis 361925 263334 35 384751 54555961 62 . 677577 78 93 94 959798 100 101102 104 Kunzea ericoides ... 5963 Kunzea parvifolia 63 Kunzeasp.C 68 Leptospermum grandifoliwn 6768 LeptospermUinjufliperinum 34 37 45 59 63 67 Leptospennumlanigerum o Leptosperrnum myrtifoliwn 25353738 6S 667077 101 109 Leptosperrnwnobovatum 38 Leptospermum polygalifoliwn 200 Leptospermum squarrosum 6365 Leptospermum trinerviwn o Melaleuca armillaris 5963 OLEACEAE Nestegis ligustrina 99199 Notelaeaverwsa 088112

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 58 SOUTIlERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Species Risk Occurrence

ONAGRACEAE Epilabium billardierianum 33353865 Epi1cbium gunnianum 199 Epilobium sp. 6266 OXAUDACEAE OxaIisexilis. 97103 Oxalis perennans 101 Oxalissp. 161922 29 31 3234 46 575961 6366 6872 75 77 88 90 93 95 112 PITTOSPORACEAE Billardiera scandens 79 1424 39404143 44 464849 52 57 58 64 72808393 Bursaria spiniJsa . 1119 27 30 32 35 394748495359 70 87 89 :0 » .. ~.~~ 104106112 eittosporumbiCOlo,. 60 :fittosporum undulatum .... 8791112 Rhytid()sporumprocumbenS 4243 PLANTAGINAcEAE ... Plantago debilis 2229 34 38 53 61 6577 82 878890 112 .. Plant4gdSp. . 66819395 .... Plantago varfil:: ..... 85 POLYGALACE~·:·· ... Comespenna ericinum . 58 . Coi!lesperma volubile 102324314757587386 POLYGON.4.CEAE. . .. Acero.sellavulgaris· . 66 .:.. RumeX brownii .. .. 70 .•. Rumex crispus· 19 . R~sp./ .:... 889093111 PROTEACEAE . ::::. . Bahksiamarginata 20212937 38 4045101 104 .... BdiiJc:Sia)pinulosa .. 1544 72 ·Orevllletz Mnigera···· 3738 GreviUeavictoriae o Hakea dacty[oides o HaUa enantha 14 11 23 24 27 30 32 39 4046 48 49 52 53 54 64 757980828384 89 94104

HaJu!.a lissosperma :.. 197 Hakea macraeana '.:. .,' 112 H.akea micrQC4rpa 386571 109 Hakea sericea 200 Lomatia fraseri 12811161718273031323739516068 89 98 99 lOS 106 LornatiaiJicifolia 4546 Lomatia myricoides 467 1429 3348505255 566278 96 Persoonia asperu/a. 21 3757 101110 Persoonia chamaepeuc.e 21374245108 Persoonia LanceDlara 200 Persoonia l1n.earis 141516323440414244 454648525967 72 79 83 84 899096 107

STATE FORESTS OF NEW sourn WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 59 Speci~ Risk Occurrence

2617 18212325-262728303235374647 .. 49 52 5658 60 62 64 67 68 6974 95 98 99 105 110 .PerJbo~~~~.:.::::.:. ...: 109 'PetfOpMle seSsiLis ...:.:. o RANUNCULACEAE . CJeTiiaiiSaristata . 12 34 5 6 i 8 11 22 24 26 27 28 30 32 33 35 ".. )( :tr\:· :::-:/... ;.; \{:::::::\;: . 394647484951525354555760616267 7273747576 n 78 80 81 828385868689 .. 9093 94959697 9899104 105 106111112 .::.:::.: 103 ".'

74 12 3 5 6 2528 35 38 47 49 50 5159 60 65 66 ..... 70n 100 38677082859799101 ::.. 199· 8188

3RCa 198 :::. .', . 200· :.:...... 15273031325199106 3RC~ 49 4859 57 31 o

35 6192225 28 29 33 34 35475051 5359

61 66707477939799.... 100 101 103. 109 111 48 67 g() .. :.:... 15 335053 8990 93 97 99 111·:·:·..····· 31935.

·1 ...... ~ ~ 467192228293234 35 3~464748 49> :..•.. 5051535455 60 61 65 66697374 7576 n .:.: :::. 809394 96 97 98 99100 101102104 226 566084 105 3 4 11 26 2& 29 30 32 48 51 54 67 75 80 81 82

"':'.:.- . 8385919294979899100 104 106 111 112 ... dalium~affdichauJii .. 57 Oalium liraium: . 50 Galium mlgrdnS 52 Galiumsp...... 1 11 163031 6281 82 101 Morirula jasminoides 91 Opercularia aspera 234687 8890 101104 Pornax umbellata . 1564112

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES 60 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Species Risk Occurrence

RUTACEAE Boronia algida 4244 4568 Correa lawrenciana var. o cordi/olia Phebalium carruthersii 3RC- 198 Phebdlium ellipticum 2RCa 68 Philotheca salsolijolia 45 SANTALACEAE Choretrum candollei 11 27 28 30 31 37 56 67 79 Choretrum pauciflorum 58106 Exocarpos cupressijormis 95 Exocarpos strictus 204755575961 7884 90 95101 103 108 110 Omphacomerla acerba 43 Santalum obtusijolium 83 SAPlNDACEAE Dodonaea rhombi/olia 3RCa 198 SCROPHULARIACEAE Derwentia derwentia o Derwentia per/ouata 064 Gratiola peruviana 0100 199 Veronica calydna 1 3 7 11 22 27 29 31 32 34 35 38 47 49 50 51 57616264 66 6973747577 8195 979899 100 101103 105 Veronica gracilis 5363656670 Veronica notabilis 199 Veronica persica· 5 Veronicaplebeia 9394102 . Veronica sp. 16253048538088104106 SOLANACEAE Solanum pungetium 8287 STACKHOUSIACEAE Stack/w.usia monogyna 4 1627 4647 66 697273 7477 StackhOusia sp. 199 Stackhousia viminea 95104109 STYLIDJACEAE Stylidium graminijolium 1013 15 171819202124252634 36 4142 43 44 45 4649 52 555657 58 59 62 63 64 65 6668 6972 74 90 95 100 102 104 105 107 108 Stylidium lineare 109 THYMELAEACEAE Pimelea curvlflora var. o gracilis Pimelea ligustrina o Pimelea lini/olia 97 *TREMANDRACEAE Tetratheca bauerijolia 4155101 Tetratheca pilosa ssp. latilolia 4244 46 58 Tetratheca sp. 2043108 Tetratheca thymifolia 200

STATE FORESTS OF NEW sourn WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOU'llIERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 61 ------

Species Risk Occurrence

. ;.". URTICACEAE Australina pusilla . 91 Urtica tncisa· . 57082 VIOLACEAE . Viola betonici/olia 1015 1622293846505355596166 6974 7577 8693959798 100 101 102 103 104 109 Viola luideracea 1245671011161922252627282930 31 32 33 37 39 40 44 464748 49 51 52 53 54 5760 616172 73 757678 80 81 82 83 85 86 vrr;tii,1i;······ , 8992 94959697 98 101 106

Cisszls hy.p;;~l,flUca 91 ..- '.' WINTERACEAE Tasmannid lanceolata 2 182526283035485051 60 67 739799 100 Tasmannia xerophila 197

• Introduced species o Outside plots 197 Recorded for Canberra Botanic Gardens 196 NPWS RafAP survey 199 Previous State Forests survey 200 Listed in Queanbeyan Management Plan (1984)

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 62 SOUTIiERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIFS NO. 32 cg~ APPENDIX 2

~~ >-i'Tj

~ ~ FORESTOVERSTOREYGROUPS

~~

~~ GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 ~~ PLOT NUMBERS: 1 3 6 51 2 52 78 5 94 96 99 29 30 31 32 27 76 7 28 8 97 53 80 81 82 92 39 106 4 48 54 67 49 73 83 86 85 9 11 13 56 58 36 ~~

1..»""~ SPECIES

~ Acaciameamsll A.melanoxylon 1 Angophora floribunda Eucalyptus angophoroldes E.g/oboldea E.da/rymp/eana 2 E.vlmlnafis 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 E.radlata 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 E.pauclflora E.frax/noldes 1 2 2 4 3 3 4 4 2 E.smlthll 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 ~ E.cypeffocarpa ~ E.obfiqua 2 3 1 1 2 4 6 4 3 2 2 4 2 2 E.fast/gata 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 7 6 9 9 3 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 E.e/ata 1 E.sleberi 1 3 2 1 1 2 U Acmena smlthif Backhousla myrtifoffa ~~E.mannlfera ~~ E.steffu/ata E.nltens 1 ~~ E.dlves ~> E.rub/da ~~ E.maldenil , ~m E.muefferiana ~!il E.mefflodora E.teretlcomls ~~

~ ~

CIl"rl

~~

~~

~tiJ S.t-< §Eo

~~ GROUP 4 GROUP 5 CIlt71 I5r 15r Ot-< PLOT NUMBERS: 10 16 64 12 43 14 15 41 22 23 42 79 24 46 44 17 20 107 74 110 105 77 108 109 25 55 62 59 45 ~~ ~> SPECIES ~~ Acacia mearnsii CIlg] A.melanoxylon Angophora floribunda ~ Eucalyptus angophoroides ~ E.globoidea 1 1 E.dalrympleana 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 E.viminalis 1 1 1 1 1 1 E.radiata 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 E.pauciflora 1 1 2 1 1 1 E.fraxinoides 1 E.smithii 1 1 1 E.cypellocarpa E.obliqua CIl E.fastigata 1 1 1 1 1 1 ~ E.elata "rltrl O"rl E.sieberi 3 3 3 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 Acmena smithii ~~ Backhousia myrtifolia E.mannifera ~(;j E.stellulata O~ E.nitens E.dives ~~ 1 1 1 1 1 1 CIlCll E.mbida CIlO E.maidenii E.muelleriana ~~ ~ E.melliodora ~> of;; E.tereticornis ~CIl 't:len o~ ~;r ~'t:l

~~ °Cil ~~

~~ GROUP 6 GROUP 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ~en s f;Jo PLOTNUMBERS: 19 95 104 47 75 21 40 26 84 57 72 33 34 35 93 100 101 61 38 102 98 18 69 37 50 60 103 87 88 90 111 89 112 63 66 91 ~~ \N~ N~ SPECIES Acacia mearnsii 1 A.me/anoxylon Angophora floribunda 1 2 1 1 Eucalyptus angophoroides . 3 1 1 Egloboidea 2 1 2 Edalrympleana 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 E viminalis 2 2 2 2 5 1 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 1 Eradiata 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Epauciflora 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 E.fraxinoides Esmithii 4 2 Ecypel/ocarpa 2 ~ en Eobliqua 1 Efastigata 1 2 1 ~~ Ee/ata 5:1~ Esieberi 1 1 1 2 ~~ Acmena smithil Backhousia myrtifolia 1 1 ~~ Emannifera 3 @~ Estel/ulata Enitens 3 ~~ Edives 2 ~> Erubida 2 1 2 8~ Emaidenii Emuel/eriana 2 3 5 ~ffi Emelliodora 2 E tereticomis 1 ~~

~ APPENDIX 3

UNDERSTOREY FLORISTIC GROUPS

Understorey groups are derived from classificationofplotdata (using the method described onpage 6) for all species excluding eucalypts. Understorey groups described below are defined at the 0.7 level of dissimilarity (28 group level). This is a convenient way of briefly summarizing the main floristic characteristics ofthe vegetation but results ina fairly broad classification. Each group is named from one ortwo ofthe most frequent and abundant species inthe main understorey strata. Listed species are those which occur in at least 50% ofthe plots in a group with a mean cover ofat least I %. Species names are followed by frequency and mean cover (%).

UFG 1 (26 plots) Poa - Pteridium esculentum Poasp. I 61.1 Lomandra longifolia 0.54 4.6 Hypochoeris radicata ·0.81 3.6 Viola betonicifolia 0.54 1.4 Pteridium esculentum 0.73 9.9 Glycine clandestina 0.54 1.3 Asperula scoparia var. scoparia 0.69 1.6 Lagenifera stipitata 0.54 1.2 Helichrysum scorpioides 0.65 2.0 Veronica calycina 0.54 1.2 Senecio spE 0.65 1.6 Poranthera microphylla 0.54 1.2 Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides 0.65 1.2 Viola hederacea 0.5 1.7 Stellaria pungens 0.62 2.9 Gonocarpus tetragynus 0.5 1.0 Acacia dealbata ssp.A 0.58 4.4 Eucalyptus pauciflora 0.46 5.3 Acaena novae-zelandiae 0.58 1.9 Dianella tasmanica 0.46 4.6 Dichondra repens 0.58 1.4 Geranium sp. 0.42 1.5 Clematis aristata 0.58 1.3 Hydrocotyle sp. 0.42 1.3 Eucalyptus fastigata 0.54 10.4 Oreomy"his eriopoda 0.42 1.2 Eucalyptus viminalis 0.54 7.3

UFG 2 (1 plot) Poa - Gonocarpus tetragynus Gonocarpus tetragynus 1 38 Eucalyptus dives 1 3 Poa sp. 1 38 Glycine clandestina 1 3 Eucalyptus dalrympleana 1 15 Hypochoeris radicata 1 3 ssp. dalrympleana Eucalyptus viminalis 1 15 Leptospermum juniperinum 1 3 Leucopogon virgatus 1 15 Lomandra longifolia 1 3 Pultenaea subspicata 1 15 Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides 1 3 Acacia mearnsii 1 3 Oxalis corniculata spp. agg. 1 3 Allocasuarina littoralis 1 3 Ranunculus lappaceus 1 3 Bossiaea prostrata 1 3 Stipa pubescens 1 3 Centrolepis strigosa 1 3 Thelymitra ixioides var. ixioides 1 3 Diuris sulphurea 1 3 Viola betonicifolia 1 3 Drosera auriculata 1 3

UFG 3 (13 plots) Lomandra longifoiia Lomandra longifolia 1 34.6 Asperula scoparia vl;l,r. scoparia 0.62 1.5 Poa sp. 1 16.5 Acacia dealbata ssp. A 0.54 1.6 Pteridium esculentum 0.92 13.5 Glycine clandestina 0.54 1.2 Dianella tasmanica 0.92 9 Lagenifera stipitata 0.54 1 Hypochoeris radicata 0.85 3 Daviesia ulicifolia 0.46 3.9

FWRA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, STATB FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 66 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Gonocarpus tetragynus 0.85 1.9 Eucalyptus fastigata 0.46 3.5 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.77 6.8 Helichrysum scorpioides 0.46 1.4 var. lanceolatus Clematis aristata 0.77 1.9 Hibbertia obtusifolia 0.46 1.2 Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata 0.69 10.7 Viola betonicifolia 0.46 1.2 Viola hederacea 0.69 3.5

UFG 4 (14 plots) DianeUa tasmanica Dianella tasmanica 1 30.8 Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata 0.64 8.2 Poasp. 1 14.9 Lomandra longifolia 0.64 4.5 ~genifera stipitata 1 2.4 Senecio sp. E 0.64 1.4 .Clematis aristata 1 2.3 Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides 0.64 1.0 Hypochoeris radicat~ 1 2.14 Smilax australis 0.57 1.6 Pteridium esculentum 0.93 11.3 Helichrysum scorpioides 0.57 1.1 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.86 5.7 Gonocarpus tetragynus 0.5 2.1 var. lanceolatus Viola hederacea 0.86 3 Stellaria pungens 0.5 2.1 Asperula scoparia var. scoparia 0.86 2.1 Coprosma quadrifuJa 0.5 1.8 Eucalyptus fastigata 0.71 17.2 Hakea eriantha 0.43 1.9 Hydrocotyle sp. 0.71 1.6

UFG S (2 plots) Poa - Hibbertia obtusi/olia Eucalyptus dalrympleana 1 15 Eucalyptus pauciflora 0.5 7.5 ssp. dalrympleana Poasp. 1 15 Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata 0.5 7.5 Gonocarpus tetragynus 1 3 Acacia rubida 0.5 1.5 Hibbertia obtusifolia 1 3 Acrotriche se"ulata 0.5 1.5 Acacia dealbata ssp. A 1 2 Bossiaea foliosa 0.5 1.5 Exocarpus strictus 1 2 Brachyloma daphnoides 0.5 1.5 var. daphnoides Hovea linearis 1 2 Dianella tasmanica 0.5 1.5 Hypochoeris radicata 1 1 Hypericum gramineum 0.5 1.5 Lomandra multiflora 1 1 Lomandra longifolia 0.5 1.5 Monotoca scoparia var. scoparia 1 1 Oxalis exilis 0.5 1.5 Olearia erubescens 1 1 Veronica calycina 0.5 1.5 Senecio sp. E 1 1 Viola betonicifolia 0.5 1.5 Eucalyptus dives 0.5 7.5

UFG 6 (1 plot) Bossiaea obcordata - Boronia algida Boronia algida 1 15 Leptospermum juniperinum 1 3 Bossiaea obcordata 1 15 Leucopogon virgatus 1 3 Eucalyptus dalryrnpleana 1 15 Lomatia ilicifolia 1 3 ssp. dalrympleana Eucalyptus dives 1 15 Lomandra longifolia 1 3 Goodenia hederacea ssp. hederacea 1 15 Monotoca scoparia var. scoparia 1 3 Poasp. 1 15 Patersonia sericea 1 3 Banksia marginata 1 3 Persoonia chamaepeuce 1 3 Brachyloma daphnoides 1 3 Platylobium formosum 1 3 var. daphnoides ssp. formosum Daviesia ulicifolia 1 3 Stylidium graminifolium 1 3 Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata 1 3

STATE FORESTS OFNEW SOUTH WALES FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, FORESTRESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES 67 UFG 7 (2 plots) Acrotriche divaricata Acrotriche divaricata 1 63 Eucalyptus pauciflora 0.5 7.5 Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata 1 26.5 Leucopogon hookeri 0.5 7.5 Poasp. 1 15 Baeckea utilis var. utilis 0.5 1.5 Acacia obliquinervia 1 3 Carex appressa 0.5 1.5 Eucalyptus viminalis 1 3 Chiloglottis pluricallata 0.5 1.5 Lagenijera stipitata 1 3 Dichondra repens 0.5 1.5 Lomandra longijolia 1 3 Eucalyptus dalrympleana 0.5 1.5 ssp. dalrympleana Persoonia s~lvatica 1 3 Geranium sp. 0.5 1.5 Tasmannia lanceolata 1 3 Gnaphalium sp. 0.5 1.5 Viola hederacea 1 3 Leptospermum myrtijolium 0.5 1.5 Dianella tasmanica 1 2 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.5 1.5 var.lanceolatus Helichrysum scorpioides 1 2 Lissanthe strigosa 0.5 1.5 Leucopogon gelidus 1 2 Pteridium esculentum 0.5 1.5 Stylidium graminifolium 1 2 Schoenus sp. 0.5 1.5

UFG 8 (9 plots) Pteridium esculentum Pteridium esculentum 1 51.9 Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata 0.56 6.7 Eucalyptus jastigata 0.78 18.8 Eucalyptus sieberi 0.44 14.3 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.78 3.4 Eucalyptus jraxinoides 0.44 7.7 var. lanceolatus Dianella tasmanica 0.78 3 Acacia obliquinervia 0.44 4 Hypochoeris radicata 0.78 1.2 Lomandra longijolia 0.44 2.7 Viola hederacea 0.67 2.9 Poranthera microphylla 0.67 0.7 Poasp. 0.56 8

UFG 9 (5 plots) Pteridium esculentum - Lomandra longijolia - Acacia obliquinervia Pteridium esculentum 1 12.6 Hakea eriantha 0.8 2 Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata 1 7.4 Acacia obliquinervia 0.6 3.8 Leucopogon lanceolatus 1 3 Dianella tasmanica 0.6 3.4 var. lanceolatus Lomandra longifolia 1 3 Poasp. 0.6 1.8 Eucalyptus sieberi 0.8 11.8 0.6 1.4 Dianella caerulea 0.8 2

UFG 10 (2 plots) Pomaderris aspera - Pteridium esculentum Eucalyptus jastigata 1 38 Bedjordia arborescens 0.5 7.5 Pomaderris aspera 1 9 Dianella tasmanica 0.5 7.5 Pteridium esculentum 1 9 Coprosma quadrijzda 0.5 1.5 Choretrum candollei 1 8 Leptinella filicula 0.5 1.5 Bursaria spinosa 1 3 Cyathea australis 0.5 1.5 Lomatia jraseri 1 3 Dianella caerulea 0.5 1.5 Lomandra longifolia 1 3 Danthonia sp. 0.5 1.5 Smilax australis 1 3 Eucalyptus jraxinoides 0.5 1.5 Stellaria jlaccida 1 3 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.5 1.5 var. lanceolatus Geranium sp. 1 2 Olearia argophylla 0.5 1.5 Hakea eriantha 1 2 olearia lirata 0.5 1.5 Persoonia silvatica 1 2 Olearia megalophylla 0.5 1.5 Poasp 1 2 Poranthera microphylla 0.5 1.5

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 68 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Viola hederacea 1 2 Senecio linearijolius 0.5 1.5 Clematis aristata 1 1 Tasmannia lanceolata 0.5 1.5 Gonocarpus tetragynus 1 1 Veronica calycina 0.5 1.5 Hydrocotyle sp. 1 1

UFG 11 (6 plots) Blechnum cartilagineum Bll!chnum cartilagineum 1 59.2 Schelhammera undulata 0.83 2.2 Pteridium esculentum 1 18.8 Coprosma quadrifuia 0.83 1.5 Poasp. 1 9 Eucalyptus jastigata 0.67 7.7 Tylophora barbata 1 7 Eustrephus latijolius 0.67 2 Glycine clandestina 1 3 Geranium sp. 0.67 2 Hydrocotyle sp. 1 3 Senecio sp. E 0.67 2 Viola hederacea 1 3 Calochlaena dubia 0.5 7.3 Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 0.83 12.5 Hierochloe rariflora 0.5 3.2 Eucalyptus obliqua 0.83 6.5 Acacia jalcijormis 0.5 1.5 Cyathea australis 0.83 4.5 Lomandra longijolia 0.5 1.5 Clematis aristata 0.83 2.5 Lichen 0.5 1.5 Desmodium varians 0.83 2.5 Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides 0.5 1.5 Lagenijera stipitata 0.83 2.5 Cirsium vulgare 0.5 1.2 Pratia purpurascens 0.83 2.5 Hypochoeris radicata 0.5 1.2 Smilax australis 0.83 2.5 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.5 1.2 var. lanceolatus Stellaria flaccida 0.83 2.5

UFG 12 (2 plots) Tasmannia lanceolata Tasmannia lanceolata 1 38 Gonocarpus tetragynus 0.5 1.5 Eucalyptus paucijlora 1 26.5 Goodenia hederacea ssp. hederacea 0.5 1.5 Lomatia jraseri 1 9 Geranium sp. 0.5 1.5 Poa sp. 1 9 Leucopogon hookeri 0.5 1.5 Dianella tasmanica 1 3 Monotoca elliptica 0.5 1.5 Lagenijera stipitata 1 3 Olearia megalophylla 0.5 1.5 Persoonia silvatica 1 3 Pittosporum bicolor 0.5 1.5 Hypochoeris radicata 1 2 Polyscias sambucijolia ssp. A 0.5 1.5 Hydrocotyle sp. 1 2 Senecio sp. E 0.5 1.5 Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides 1 2 Senecio minimus var. minimus 0.5 1.5 Eucalyptus nitens 0.5 7.5 Stellaria pungens 0.5 1.5 Acacia dealbata ssp. A 0.5 1.5 Stylidium graminijolium 0.5 1.5 Leptinellafilicula 0.5 1.5 Viola hederacea 0.5 1.5

UFG 13 (2 plots) Blechnum nudum - Polystichum prolijerum Blechnum nudum 1 38 Leptinellafilicula 0.5 1.5 Eucalyptus jastigata 1 26.5 Echinopogon ovatus 0.5 1.5 Polystichum prolijerum 1 26.5 Geitonoplesium cymosum 0.5 1.5 Dianella tasmanica 1 15 Glycine clandestina 0.5 1.5 Poasp. 1 9 Gonocarpus tetragynus 0.5 1.5 Pteridium esculentum 1 9 Bracteantha bracteata 0.5 1.5 Clematis aristata 1 3 Hydrocotyle sp. 0.5 1.5 Geranium potentilloides 1 3 Hypochoeris radicata 0.5 1.5 var. potentilloides Lagenijera stipitata 1 3 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.5 1.5 var. lanceolatus Viola hederacea 1 3 Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides 0.5 1.5 Coprosma quadrifuia 1 2 Olearia megalophylla 0.5 1.5

STATB FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES 69 Poranthera microphylla 1 2 Oxalis exilis 0.5 1.5 Goodia loti/olia 0.5 19 Pimelea linijolia 0.5 1.5 Tasmannia lanceolata 0.5 19 Pomaderris aspera 0.5 1.5 Bed/ordia arborescens 0.5 7.5 Ranunculus pimpinellijolius 0.5 1.5 Lomatiajraseri 0.5 7.5 Rubus parvijolius 0.5 1.5 Olearia argophylla 0.5 7.5 Smilax australis 0.5 1.5 Acacia dealbata ssp. A 0.5 1.5 Stellaria jlaccida 0.5 1.5 Acaena novae-zelandiae 0.5 1.5 Stellaria pungens 0.5 1.5 Asperula scoparia var. scoparia 0.5 1.5 Veronica sp. 0.5 1.5 Bursaria spinosa 0.5 1.5 Veronica calycina 0.5 1.5 Chiloglottis pluricallata 0.5 1.5 Viola betonicijolia 0.5 1.5 Choretrum pauciflorum 0.5 1.5

UFG 14 (2 plots) Monotoca scoparia - Davesill ulicijolill Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata 1 19.5 Eucalyptus jraxinoides 0.5 7.5 Monotoca scoparia var. scoparia 1 15 Acacia obliquinervia 0.5 1.5 Daviesia ulicijolia 1 9 Eucalyptus dalrympleana 0.5 1.5 ssp. dalrympleana Lomandra longijolia 1 3 Patersonia longijolia 0.5 1.5 Lomandra multiflora 1 2 Persoonia silvatica 0.5 1.5 Porysciassambucijoliassp.A 1 2 Platysace lanceolata 0.5 1.5 Stylidium graminijolium 1 2 Poa sp. 0.5 1.5 Leucopogon lanceolatus var.lanceolatus 1 1 Smherb 0.5 1.5

UFG 15 (3 plots) Davesill ulicijolia - Lomandra longijolia Daviesia ulicijolia 1 11 Hardenbergia violacea 0.67 2 Lomandra longijolia 1 11 Persoonia linearis 0.67 2 Acacia/alcijormis 1 7 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.67 1.3 var. lanceolatus Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata 1 6.3 Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides 0.67 1.3 Hibbertia obtusijolia 1 2.3 Monotoca scoparia var. scoparia 0.67 1.3 Pteridium esculentum 1 2.3 Eucalyptus sieberi 0.67 17.7 Oxylobium ilicijolium 0.67 10

UFG 16 (5 plots) Lomandra longijolia - Persoonia Lomandra longijolia 1 15 Poasp. 0.8 2 Dianella tasmanica 1 2.6 Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata 0.6 9 Stylidium graminijolium 1 2.2 Eucalyptus dalrympleana 0.6 4.2 ssp. dalrympleana Persoonia silvatica 0.8 2 Pteridium esculentum 0.6 1.8

UFG 17 (3 plots) Polyscias sambucijolia Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata 1 15 Clematis aristata 0.67 1.3 Lomandra longijolia 1 3 Exocarpus strictus 0.67 1.3 Pteridium esculentum 1 3 Hibbertia obtusijolia 0.67 1.3 Dianella tasmanica 1 2.3 Lagenijera stipitata 0.67 1.3 Polyscias sambucijolia ssp. A 1 2.3 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.67 1.3 var. lanceolatus Stylidium graminijolium 1 1 Eucalyptus sieberi 0.67 13 Poasp. 0.67 2

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES 70 SOUTIIERN REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Acacia jalciformis 0.67 1.3 Billardiera scandens 0.67 1.3

UFG 18 (1 plot) Bossiaeajoliosa Bossiaea joliosa 1 63 Gonocarpus tetragynus 1 3 Eucalyptus dives 1 38 Hibbertia obtusifolia 1 3 Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana 1 15 Monotoca scoparia var. scoparia 1 3 Lomandra longifolia 1 15 Persoonia chamaepeuce 1 3 Dichelacne rara 1 3 Poasp. 1 3 Exocarpus strictus 1 3

UFG 19 (1 plot) Ozothamnus argophyllus Ozothamnus argophyllus 1 38 Geitonoplesium cymosum 1 3 Eucalyptus maidenii 1 15 Glycine clandestina 1 3 Eucalyptus melliodora 1 15 Hypochoeris radicata 1 3 Eucalyptus tereticornis 1 15 Lagenifera stipitata 1 3 Indigojera australis 1 15 Lomandra multijlora 1 3 Lepidosperma laterale 1 15 Lichen 1 3 Lomandra longifolia 1 15 Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides 1 3 Acacia implexa 1 3 Moss 1 3 1 3 Opercularia aspera 1 3 Arthropodium milleflorum 1 3 Oplismenus imbecillus 1 3 Bursaria spinosa 1 3 Pellaea jalcata 1 3 Cheilanthes sieberi 1 3 Plantago debilis 1 3 Cyathochaeta diandra 1 3 Plectranthus parvijlorus 1 3 Cyperus gractlis 1 3 Pratia purpurascens 1 3 Cyperus imbecillis 1 3 Solanum pungetium 1 3 Desmodium varians 1 3 Themeda australis 1 3 Dichelachne rara 1 3 Vervonia cinerea 1 3 Dichondra repens 1 3

UFG 20 (1 plot) Smilax australis • Ferns Eucalyptus muelleriana 1 38 Helichrysum elatum 1 3 Acacia jalciformis 1 3 Indigojera australis 1 3 Ajuga a~tralis 1 3 Lepidosperma laterale 1 3 Angophora floribunda 1 3 Lepidosperma urophorum 1 3 Asplenium flabellifolium 1 3 Leucopogon lanceolatus 1 3 var. lanceolatus Bursaria spinosa 1 3 Lomandra longifolia 1 3 Danthonia sp. 1 3 Marsdenia rostrata 1 3 Desmodium varians 1 3 Oxylobium ilicifolium 1 3 Doodia aspera 1 3 Pandorea pandorana 1 3 Eucalyptus sieberi 1 3 Pellaea jalcata 1 3 Eustrephus latifolius 1 3 Poasp. 1 3 Goodenia ovata 1 3 Pteridium esculentum 1 3 Hakea macraeana 1 3 Smilax australis 1 3 Ozothamnus argophyllus 1 3

UFG 21 (2 plots) Leucopogonjuniperinus Leucopogon juniperinus 1 50.5 Rumex sp. 1 1 Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides 1 26.5 Acacia mearnsii 0.5 7.5 Dichondra repens 1 15 Poasp. 0.5 7.5

STATB FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYANIBADJA EIS AREA, FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTHERN REGION, NEW SOUTII WALES 71 Eucalyptus globoidea 1 15 Acaena novae-zelandiae 0.5 1.5 Eucalyptus angophoroides 1 9 Aristida vagans 0.5 1.5 Glycine clandestina 1 9 Clernatis aristata 0.5 1.5 Lornandra longifolia 1 9 Desmodium brachypodum 0.5 1.5 Lagenifera stipitata 1 8 Desmodium varians 0.5 1.5 Pellaea jalcata 1 8 Dipodium punctatum 0.5 1.5 Angophora floribunda 1 7.5 Hydrocotyle sp. 0.5 1.5' Ajuga australis 1 3 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.5 1.5 var. lanceolatus Geranium sp. 1 3 Oplismenus imbecillus 0.5 1.5 Hypochoeris radicata 1 3 Oxalis corniculata spp. agg. 0.5 1.5 Arthropodium milleflorum 1 2 Plantago debilis 0.5 1.5 Glycine tabacina 1 2 Pteridium esculentum 0.5 1.5 Lepidosperma laterale 1 2 Rubus parvifolius 0.5 1.5 Mentha diemencia 1 2 Sigesbeckia orientalis 0.5 1.5 Plectranthus parviflorus 1 2 Stellaria flaccida 0.5 1.5 Pratia purpurascens 1 2 Trifolium repens 0.5 1.5 Tricoryne elanor 1 2

UFG 22 (2 plots) Acacia terminalis Eucalyptus sieberi 1 38 Stylidium graminifolium 1 1 Acacia terminalis 1 15 Bossiaea obcordata 0.5 7.5 Oxylobium iUcifolium 1 9 Hibbertia serpyllifolia 0.5 7.5 Hibbertia obtusifolia 1 3 Brachylorna daphnoides 0.5 1.5 var. daphnoides Eucalyptus dives 1 2 Goodenia elongata 0.5 1.5 Hardenbergia violacea 1 2 Goodenia hederacea ssp. hederacea 0.5 1.5 Poa sp. 1 2 Lornandra glauca ssp. glauca 0.5 1.5 Dianella revoluta 1 1 Lornandra longifolia 0.5 1.5 Gonocarpus tetragynus 1 1 Pomax umbellata 0.5 1.5 Leucopogon lanceolatus 1 1 var. lanceolatus

UFG 23 (1 plot) Bossiaea obcordata - Daviesia mimosiodes Bossiaea obcordata 1 15 Hibbertia serpyllifolia 1 3 Daviesia mimosoides 1 15 Lornandra glauca ssp.glauca 1 3 Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata 1 15 Monotoca scoparia var. scoparia 1 3 Eucalyptus sieberi 1 15 Patersonia longifolia 1 3 Dianella revoluta 1 3 Persoonia chamaepeuce 1 3 Goodenia sp. 1 3 Tetratheca pilosa ssp. latijolia 1 3

UFG 24 (1 plot) Epacris paludosa - Empodisma minus Empodisma minus 1 63 Arthropodium milleflorum 1 3 Epacris paludosa 1 38 Baeckea utilis var. utiUs 1 3 Sphagnum 1 38 Hakea microcarpa 1 3 Epacris breviflora 1 15 Hypericum japonicum 1 3 Poasp. 1 15 Hydrocotyle sp. 1 3 Restio australis 1 15

UFG 25 (1 plot) Nassella trichotoma Nassella trichotoma 1 38 Hydrocotyle peduncularis 1 3 Hypericum japonicum 1 15 funGus procerus 1 3 funGus pauciflorus 1 15 Leptospermum myrtifolium 1 3

FLORA SURVEY, QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA, STATB FORESTS OF NEW SOUTIl WALES 72 SOUTIlERN REGION, NEW SOUTIl WALES FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 Lagenifera stipitata 1 15 Leucopogon hookeri 1 3 Acaena novae-zelandiae 1 3 Luzula flaccida 1 3 Carex appressa 1 3 Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides 1 3 Cirsium vu/gare 1 3 Pratia puberula 1 3 Leptinella filicula 1 3 Ranunculus lappaceus 1 3 Centaurium sp. 1 3 Ranunculus pimpinellifolius 1 3 Dichondra repens 1 3 Rumex brownii 1 3 Fabaceae 1 3 Schoenus maschalinus 1 3 Gnaphalium gymnocephalum 1 3 Stellaria angustifolia 1 3 Gonocarpus micranthus 1 3 Stellaria pungens 1 3 ssp. micranthus GeraniUm sp. 1 3 Taraxacum officinale 1 3

UFG 26 (1 plot) Kunzea parvijolill Kunzea parvifolia 1 38 Kunzea ericoides 1 3 Schoenus apogon 1 38 Melaleuca armillaris 1 3 Acacia melanoxylon 1 15 Poasp. 1 3 Eucalyptus mannifera ssp. mannifera 1 15 Stylidium graminifolium 1 3 Leptospermum juniperinum 1 15 Stipa sp. 1 3 Epacris microphylla 1 3 Themeda australis 1 3 Hydrocotyle tripartita 1 3 Trifolium repens 1 3 Hypochoeris radicata 1 3

UFG 27 (2 plots) Oxylobium ellipticum Oxylobium ellipticum 1 50.5 Dianella caerulea 0.5 1.5 Eucalyptus pauciflora 1 2 Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata 0.5 1.5 Lomandra longifolia 1 2 Exocarpus strictus 0.5 1.5 Poasp. 1 2 Gahnia subaequiglumis 0.5 1.5 Persoonia silvatica 1 1 Kunzeasp. C 0.5 1.5 Leptospermum grandifolium 0.5 19 Lepidosperma lineare 0.5 1.5 Acrotriche divaricata 0.5 7.5 Lily 0.5 1.5 Bossiaea foliosa 0.5 7.5 Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides 0.5 1.5 Eucalyptus dalrympleana 0.5 7.5 Oxalis corniculata spp. agg. 0.5 1.5 ssp. dalrympleana Phebalium ellipticum 0.5 75 Persoonia asperula 0.5 1.5 Boronia algida 0.5 1.5 Stylidium graminifolium 0.5 1.5 Brachyloma daphnoides 0.5 1.5 var. daphnoides

UFG 28 (1 plot) Pteris umbrosa Pteris umbrosa 1 88 Calochlaena dubia 1 3 Acmena smithii 1 63 Dicksonia antarctica 1 3 Lastreopsis acuminata 1 15 Marsdenia rostrata 1 3 Microsorium scandens 1 15 Morinda jasminoides 1 3 Adiantumformosum 1 3 Oplismenus imbecillus 1 3 Asplenium fiabellifolium 1 3 Pandorea pandorana 1 3 Australina pusilla 1 3 Pellaea falcata 1 3 Backhousia myrtifolia 1 3 Phyllanthus gastroemiilgunnii 1 3 Blechnum cartilagineum 1 3 Pyrrosia rupestris 1 3 Cissus hypoglauca 1 3' Sarcopetalum harveyanum 1 3 Coprosma quadrijida 1 3

STATE FORESTS OF NEW SOUTII WALES FLORA SURVEY. QUEANBEYAN/BADJA EIS AREA. FOREST RESOURCES SERIES NO. 32 SOUTIIERN REGION. NEW SOUTII WALES 73 The Research Division produces publications in Technical Paper, Research Paper and Forest Resources Series.

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