Application for Port Kennedy Drive Duplication

Document Reference: EP18-046(05)—003

Emerge contact: Jason Hick

8 October 2018

Attention: Clearing Permit Section Department of Water and Environmental Regulation Locked Bag 33 CLOISTERS SQUARE WA 6850

Delivered by email to: [email protected]

Dear Sir/Madam,

CLEARING PERMIT (PURPOSE PERMIT) APPLICATION FOR PORT KENNEDY DRIVE DUPLICATION

Emerge Associates (Emerge) has been engaged by the City of Rockingham (‘the applicant’) to provide environmental consultancy services to support the proposed duplication of Port Kennedy Drive between Warnbro Sound Drive and Ennis Avenue (herein referred to as ‘the site’). Due to the presence of native vegetation within the site, Emerge have prepared this letter to support an application for a clearing permit (purpose permit) pursuant to Part V of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act).

Introduction and background The site is Crown land that has been vested in the control of the City of Rockingham for the purposes of a public road, as per the current land use zoning, ‘Other Regional Roads’ under the Metropolitan Region Scheme and the City of Rockingham Town Planning Scheme No. 2. The site currently consists of the existing Port Kennedy Drive carriageway, cleared areas and native remnant vegetation. The site is bound by Bush Forever Site 356 to the south, Warnbro Sound Avenue to the west, commercial land uses in addition to remnant bushland to the north and Ennis Avenue to the east and is located approximately 55 km south of Perth within the City of Rockingham, as shown in Figure 1. To support increased traffic volumes, the City of Rockingham is proposing to duplicate a section of Port Kennedy Drive extending between Warnbro Sound Drive and Ennis Avenue located in Port Kennedy to form a dual carriageway. A purpose clearing permit is sought to clear the native vegetation within the site to enable the duplication works to be completed. The site is 8.23 hectares (ha) in size, and supports approximately 3.31 ha of native vegetation, with the remaining 4.92 ha of the site either cleared or supporting non-native vegetation, although it is noted that scattered occurrences of individual native shrubs and trees occur within completely degraded areas of the site.

Environmental context The site includes vegetation located within the Port Kennedy Drive road reserve, to the north and south of the existing carriageway. The majority of native vegetation exists within the southern portion of the site, with the majority of the northern and central portion of the site being historically

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cleared (including the existing Port Kennedy Drive) or supporting non-native vegetation, with scattered occurrences of individual native shrubs and trees. The key environmental features within the site include: x Three conservation category wetlands (unique feature identifier (UFI)) # 6235, 6244 and 6246 have been mapped within the site, in addition to one multiple use wetland (UFI# 6242) (Figure 3). x One environmentally sensitive area has been identified across the entirety of the site, which is centered on Bush Forever Site 356 (identified to the immediate south of the site), conservation category wetlands and known occurrences of threatened ecological communities (Figure 3). x One threatened ecological community (TEC) ‘Sedgelands in Holocene dune swales’ and one priority ecological community (PEC) ‘Acacia shrublands on taller dunes’ has been identified within the site (Figure 4). The TEC that has been identified within the site, ‘Sedgelands in Holocene dune swales’, is a federally listed TEC pursuant to the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity and Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). Prior to preparing and lodging this clearing permit application, Emerge Associates met with a number of representatives from the federal Department of the Environment and Energy (DoEE) to determine if a referral to the DoEE under the EPBC Act was required as part of the proposed clearing. Following consultation, it was determined that the proposed clearing was not considered to be a significant impact, and no further action was required from a federal referrals level. This correspondence is provided in Attachment 4.

Clearing Permit Application Attachment 1 contains the signed clearing permit application form for processing by DWER. Attachment 2 contains the targeted flora and vegetation survey report (Emerge Associates 2018). Attachment 3 contains the results of the fauna survey undertaken by Harewood (2017). Attachment 4 contains correspondence between Emerge Associates and DoEE. Attachment 5 contains correspondence between Emerge Associates and DWER. Attachment 6 contains the clearing plans. The remainder of this letter contains supporting information to assist the DWER in assessing the clearing permit application.

Clearing permit area The clearing permit area refers to the 3.31 ha of native vegetation identified within the site boundary, and is shown in Figure 2. It is noted that there are scattered occurrences of individual native shrubs and trees within the completely degraded areas of the site, however these do not constitute any specific plant communities. Whilst this clearing permit applies only to the native vegetation within the site, it is anticipated that clearing will only occur where necessary to facilitate the construction of the future road and associated infrastructure, and to ensure the environmental impact within and surrounding the site is minimised. As per the clearing plans attached as Attachment 6, the proposed areas of clearing are likely to require clearing only to the south of the existing carriageway.

Flora and vegetation values A spring flora and vegetation assessment of the clearing permit area was undertaken by Emerge Associates across September and October 2017 (Attachment 2). The following provides a summary of the flora and vegetation values pertaining to the clearing permit area. A total of 43 native and 33 non-native flora species were recorded. The dominant families containing native taxa were Fabaceae (seven native taxa and one non-native taxa), Cyperaceae (five native taxa and one weed taxa) and Myrtaceae (five native taxa and one weed taxa). Invasive species (denoted

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by the prefix ‘*’) identified across the clearing permit area included *Bromus diandrus, *Lagurus ovatus, *Pelargonium capitatum, *Scabiosa atropurpurea and *Trachyandra divaricata. No occurrences of threatened flora species were identified within the clearing permit area. One priority 4 (P4) species, Conotylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora, was recorded within the clearing permit area (Emerge Associates 2018). Approximately 145 individuals were recorded within the clearing permit area, however it is noted that it is hard to verify exactly how many individuals are present in this area due to the clumping habit of C. pauciflora subsp. pauciflora. No other occurrences of any priority flora species were recorded within the clearing permit area. Three native plant communities, in addition to heavily disturbed and/or cleared areas were recorded within the clearing permit area. These are described below and illustrated in Figure 5. x ArMs - Shrubland to closed shrubland of Acacia rostellifera (sometimes with codominant Acacia saligna and Acacia cochlearis) over open low shrubland Melaleuca systena and Acacia lasiocarpa over open forbland Acanthocarpus preissii, Lomandra maritima, Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora, Senecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius and Trachyandra divaricata and grassland to closed grassland Austrostipa flavescens, *Bromus diandrus, Lolium rigidum, Ehrharta spp. and Eragrostis curvula (Plate 1). x BjFnLg - Low open woodland of Melaleuca rhaphiophylla and Eucalyptus decipiens (or overstorey layer absent) over sparse forbland of *Dittrichia graveolens, closed sedgeland of Baumea juncea, Ficinia nodosa and Lepidosperma gladiatum and open vineland Clematis linearifolia over open grassland Austrostipa flavescens and *Bromus diandrus (Plate 2). x JfAsBd - Shrubland of Jacksonia furcellata, *Leptospermum laevigatum and Acacia saligna over forbland of Opercularia vaginata, Senecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius, *Euphorbia terracina, *Trachyandra divaricata and *Pelargonium capitatum and grassland of *Bromus diandrus, *Eragrostis curvula and *Lagurus ovatus (Plate 3). x Cleared areas - Heavily disturbed non-vegetated areas or areas dominated by exotic weed species, with scattered occurrences of individual native shrubs or trees (Plate 4).

Plate 1: Plant community ArMs in ‘good condition’

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Plate 2: Plant community BjFnLg in ‘very good condition’

Plate 3: Plant community JfAsBd in ‘degraded condition’

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Plate 4: Cleared areas in ‘completely degraded’ condition

Vegetation condition within the site ranges from ‘completely degraded’ to ‘very good’ using the Keighery (1994) scale, which is commonly used in the Perth metropolitan region, as shown on Figure 6. Approximately 60 % of the site contains non-native vegetation in ‘completely degraded’ condition, particularly along the interface with the existing Port Kennedy Drive carriageway. The ‘completely degraded’ vegetation consists of non-native grasses and cleared areas of bare earth, including the existing bitumen road, in addition to scattered occurrences of individual native shrubs or trees. The ‘degraded’ to ‘completely degraded’ condition rating reflects historic clearing and subsequent weed invasion as a result of the removal of native vegetation from within the road reserve. Across the clearing permit area, ArMs plant community is present in ‘good’ and ‘degraded’ condition, plant community JfAsBd is present in ‘degraded’ condition and plant community BjFnLg is present in ‘very good’ condition. Plant community BjFnLg was identified by Emerge Associates (2018) as representing floristic community type 19 (FCT 19) ‘Sedgelands in Holocene dune swales’, which is considered ‘poorly reserved’ and ‘susceptible’ by Gibson et al. (1994). FCT 19 is recognised as a ‘critically endangered’ threatened ecological community (TEC) under both state and federal frameworks. Plant community ArMs was identified as representing FCT 29b ‘Acacia shrublands on taller dunes’, which is considered ‘unreserved’ and ‘endangered’ by Gibson et al. (1994). FCT 29b is recognised as a ‘Priority 3’ priority ecological community (PEC) under the state framework.

Fauna values A level 1 fauna survey and level 2 targeted black cockatoo habitat survey was undertaken in October 2017 as documented in the fauna assessment (Harewood 2017). The survey involved the identification of all fauna species which could potentially occur within the site based on existing habitat values, in addition to the recording of opportunistic fauna observations. Based on the outcomes of the fauna assessment, the fauna values within the site were considered to be substantially reduced due to historical disturbance, the small area of the site and the location (i.e. adjacent to a major road), and therefore fauna diversity is likely to be well below levels present in undisturbed areas, such as remnant vegetation to the immediate north, south and south-west of the site. The assessment also confirmed that the site contains no black cockatoo foraging and/or breeding/roosting habitat and therefore any type of reliance or use of the site by the three threatened species of black cockatoo is highly unlikely.

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Proposed clearing of native vegetation Clearing is proposed to allow for the duplication of Port Kennedy Drive. The full extent of native vegetation within the site that is proposed to be cleared is shown in Figure 2. A breakdown of the native vegetation to be cleared, grouped by plant community and vegetation condition, is shown in Table 1. As discussed above, whilst this clearing permit refers to the entire extent of native vegetation within the site to be cleared, when clearing is undertaken all reasonable efforts will be undertaken in order to reduce the extent of clearing, in order to reduce the amount of vegetation to be removed and to ensure impacts are minimised. Table 1: Area of native vegetation to be cleared according to plant communities and vegetation condition

Plant community Vegetation condition Area (ha) ArMs Good 0.5 Good – degraded 0.63 Degraded 1.9 BjFnLg Good 0.11 Very good 0.001 JfAsBd Degraded 0.17 Cleared, including scattered occurrences of individual native shrubs and trees Completely degraded 4.92 Total 8.23

Response to EP Act Clearing Principles Under Section 51C of the EP Act clearing of native vegetation is an offence unless a clearing permit has been obtained or an exemption applies. When assessing clearing applications, DWER have regard to the ten clearing principles contained in Schedule 5 of the EP Act so far as they are relevant to the matter under consideration. In support of this purpose permit clearing application, we have considered and responded to the ten clearing principles, which is detailed further below.

Principle (a) - Native vegetation should not be cleared if it comprises a high level of biological diversity. The site is located within the Swan Coastal Plain, which as a region is recognised as an area of high biological diversity. The clearing permit area predominantly includes vegetation that is in ‘completely degraded’ or ‘degraded’ condition, with small patches of ‘good to degraded’, ‘good’ and ‘very good’ condition vegetation. The flora and vegetation survey within the clearing permit area recorded 24 native species within plant community ArMs, identified as FCT 19, which is slightly above the average species richness of 22.6 (Gibson et al. 1994). A total of 29 species were recorded within plant community BjFnLg, identified as FCT 29b, which is lower than the average species richness of 35.6 (Gibson et al. 1994). Whilst the vegetation within the clearing permit area is comparable to the average species richness identified by (Gibson et al. 1994), the relative biological diversity of the vegetation within the clearing permit area is low compared to the remainder of the Swan Coastal Plain, where some plant communities have an average species richness exceeding 65 species (Gibson et al. 1994). Due to the majority ‘degraded’ condition of the native vegetation within the clearing permit area, and the relative low number of flora species compared to other plant communities within the broader Swan Coastal Plain, the biological diversity within the clearing permit area is low. As such, the clearing of vegetation is not at variance with this principle.

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Principle (b) – Native vegetation should not be cleared if it comprises the whole or a part of, or is necessary for the maintenance of, a significant habitat for fauna indigenous to Western Australia. Due to historical disturbance, the small size of the clearing area, and the proximity to a major road, the fauna habitat values within the clearing permit area are considered reduced, and the fauna diversity is considered well below levels likely to be present prior to historical disturbances (Harewood 2017). Based on the results from the fauna assessment, the vegetation within the clearing permit area provides limited potential fauna habitat. In addition, there are also large areas of better-quality vegetation surrounding the clearing permit area, which would be preferred by native fauna within the area. As a result, clearing is not considered to be at variance with this principle.

Principle (c) – Native vegetation should not be cleared if it includes, or is necessary for the continued existence of, rare flora. During the flora and vegetation assessment carried out by Emerge Associates in 2017, no threatened flora species were identified within the clearing permit area. As no threatened flora species occur within the clearing permit area, the proposed clearing is not considered to be at variance with this principle.

Principle (d) – Native vegetation should not be cleared if it comprises the whole or a part of, or is necessary for the maintenance of, a threatened ecological community. The flora and vegetation survey conducted by Emerge in 2017 identified that plant community BjFnLg represented a threatened ecological community (TEC), FCT 19 ‘Sedgelands in Holocene dune swales’ as occurring across approximately 0.11 ha of the clearing permit area, in ‘good’ and ‘very good’ condition’. There is approximately 193 ha of the TEC known to remain across the state, and the removal of 0.11 ha represents less than 0.06% of the TEC. As discussed above, the impact of the proposed action on the TEC has been discussed with the DoEE, who have advised that the clearing of vegetation within the TEC does not constitute a significant impact, and is therefore not required to be referred to the DoEE as a MNES. As a result, for the purpose of this clearing permit application the clearing of vegetation within the TEC is not considered to be a significant action. In addition, the Interim Recovery Plan No. 314 Sedgelands in Holocene Dune Swales (DEC 2011) identifies that occurrences of the TEC that provide a representative cross section of the community that can be managed for conservation are considered critical to the survival of the ecological community. Due to the small size of the TEC, and the location of the TEC within the road reserve, this portion of the TEC is not considered to be critical to the survival of this TEC. In addition, land to the south of the clearing permit area that forms part of the Rockingham Lakes Regional Park, and to the south-west within Port Kennedy Scientific Park are reserved for conservation purposes, which contain occurrences of the TEC which will be retained in perpetuity. The retention of this vegetation ensures that the TEC will not become fragmented through the removal of 0.11 ha of the TEC within the clearing permit area. As one TEC was recorded within the clearing permit area, the proposed clearing of native vegetation could potentially be considered to be at variance with this principle. However, the clearing represents a small fraction (less than 0.06%) of the TEC identified within the clearing permit area, and as has been discussed with DoEE, the clearing of vegetation within the TEC is not considered to present an issue to the survival of the TEC. In addition, in areas of the clearing permit area where the TEC occurs, clearing will not occur if it is not essential for the proposed action, to protect known occurrences of the TEC. Therefore, the proposed clearing is not considered to be at variance with this principle.

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Principle (e) – native vegetation should not be cleared if it is significant as a remnant of native vegetation in an area that has been extensively cleared. Vegetation complex mapping for the Swan Coastal Plain undertaken by Heddle et al. (1980) indicates that the clearing permit area occurs within areas mapped as the Quindalup complex. Vegetation in this complex is described as coastal dune complex consisting mainly of two alliances ‘the strand and fore dune alliance and the mobile and stable dune alliance. Local variations include the low closed forest of Melaleuca lanceolata - Callitris preissii and the closed scrub of Acacia rostellifera’. The Environmental Protection Authority’s (EPA) (2006) Guidance Statement No. 10. Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors – Level of Assessment for Proposals Affecting Natural Areas Within the System 6 Region and Swan Coastal Plain Portion of the System 1 Region identified a standard level of native vegetation retention of at least 10% of the pre-clearing extent of the ecological community in ‘constrained areas’ such as areas in the Swan Coastal Plain portion of the Perth Metropolitan Region. Remnant vegetation extent according to vegetation complexes statistics have been published by the Local Biodiversity Program through the Western Australian Local Government Association (WALGA). Prior to European settlement and the extensive land clearing that followed, the Quindalup complex covered 38,503 ha of the Swan Coastal Plain. Today 21,322 ha or 55.38% of this complex remains (PBP 2013) which is greater than the 10% requirement as targeted by the EPA’s Guidance Statement No. 10. Based on the above, the vegetation in the clearing permit area is unlikely to represent a significant remnant of native vegetation due to the small size and disturbed nature of the vegetation. Therefore, clearing is not considered to be at variance to this principle.

Principle (f) – Native vegetation should not be cleared if it is growing in, or in association with, an environment associated with a watercourse or wetland. A review of the Geomorphic Wetlands of the Swan Coastal Plain dataset indicates that three conservation category wetlands (CCWs) and one multiple use wetland (MUW) occur within the clearing permit area, as shown in Figure 3. The three CCWs (unique feature identifier (UFI)) # 6235, 6244 and 6246 are identified as extending into the western and central portion of the clearing permit area. CCWs support a high level of ecological attributes and functions. The Environmental Guidance for Planning and Development (GS 33) (EPA 2008) identifies that CCWs are the highest priority wetlands, and that the management objectives for these wetlands is ‘the preservation of wetland attributes and functions’. The details of the CCWs within the clearing permit area is described below in Table 1. Table 2: Details of conservation category wetlands within the clearing permit area

UFI Total wetland Area within the Vegetation condition number area (ha) clearing permit area (ha) 6235 0.107 0.026 The majority of the vegetation associated with this wetland within the clearing permit area has been mapped as ‘completely degraded’ with a small portion of ‘good’ and ‘degraded’ condition vegetation. 6244 0.289 0.039 The vegetation associated with this wetland within the clearing permit area has been mapped as ‘very good’ or ‘degraded’ with a small portion of ‘completely degraded’ condition vegetation. 6246 0.078 0.005 The vegetation associated with this wetland within the clearing permit area has been mapped as ‘degraded’.

Due to the condition of vegetation present within the wetlands, and the small extent (0.07 ha) that occur within the clearing permit area, this area is not considered to contain significant CCW values.

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One MUW, 0.189 ha in size occurs within the western portion of the clearing permit area (UFI# 6242), and it extends outside of the clearing permit area, within an area that is currently bituminised as part of the existing Port Kennedy Drive. MUWs are described as wetlands that retain few ecological attributes but may still provide hydrological functions (EPA 2008). The management objective of MUWs as noted by the Water and Rivers Commission (2001) is that ‘use, development and management should be considered in the context of ecologically sustainable development and best management practice catchment planning through landcare.’ This wetland is not considered to have any ecological values within the clearing permit area. Due to the mapped boundary of the CCWs occurring within the clearing permit area, the proposed clearing of vegetation could potentially be considered to be at variance with this principle. However, due to the condition and fragmented location of the vegetation, and small extent of the CCWs within the clearing permit area (0.07 ha), this area it is not considered to be reflective of CCW vegetation. In addition to this, the small extent of the clearing that is proposed, is not expected to have a significant impact on any wetland values that may be present within this area. Therefore, the proposed clearing is not considered to be at variance with this principle.

Principle (g) – Native vegetation should not be cleared if the clearing of the vegetation is likely to cause appreciable land degradation. Landform and soil mapping undertaken by Churchward and McArthur (1980) indicates that the clearing permit area is within the Quindalup soil association, described as ‘consisting of calcareous sands, occurs both as beach ridges and parabolic dunes’. The removal of vegetation is unlikely to increase any erosion within the clearing permit area given that most of the areas that will be cleared will be bituminised and/or battered to allow for the gradient. Where possible, the clearing will be minimised to less than the identified clearing permit area, and where possible the batters will be revegetated to further stabilise the soils. The soils within the clearing permit area are characterised by rapidly draining soils, however the clearing permit area is relatively flat, which will reduce the amount of wind and/or water erosion. The proposed clearing of the clearing permit area will result in the removal of only a small amount of native vegetation, which will be mostly bituminised and/or battered as part of the road upgrade. Because of this, the proposed clearing is unlikely to increase the risk of land degradation. Despite this, any risk of land degradation will be mitigated through controls applied during clearing and construction (such as dust suppression, mulching, erosion control etc.). Therefore, the proposed clearing of vegetation is not considered to be at variance with this principle.

Principle (h) – Native vegetation should not be cleared if the clearing of the vegetation is likely to have an impact on the environmental values of any adjacent or nearby conservation area. No conservation areas occur within the clearing permit area, Rockingham Lakes Regional Park is located to the immediate south of the clearing permit area, in addition to the south-west of the clearing permit area, which is the Port Kennedy Scientific Park. Whilst the vegetation within the clearing permit area is contiguous to the vegetation to the south of the clearing permit area located within Rockingham Lakes Regional Park, the vegetation within the clearing permit area is in a more degraded condition than the vegetation within the conservation area to the south, particularly as the vegetation within the conservation area is considered to be in ‘excellent’ condition. Due to the small amount of vegetation within the clearing permit area, the proposed clearing not considered to add to the value and function of the nearby conservation area. Based on the above, the proposed clearing is not considered to be at variance with this principle.

Principle (i) – Native vegetation should not be cleared if the clearing of the vegetation is likely to cause deterioration in the quality of surface or underground water. Acid sulfate soil (ASS) mapping prepared by DWER (2018) indicates that the clearing permit area has been classified as having a low risk of acid sulfate soils occurring within three metres of the natural soil surface.

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Groundwater salinity within the clearing permit area is 500 - 1500 milligrams per litre of total dissolved solids (TDS). Where groundwater salinity is between 50 - 1000 mg/L it is considered to be marginal, and where groundwater salinity is between 1001 – 1500 mg/L it is considered brackish (DWER 2018). The proposed clearing is unlikely to have an effect on the quality of surface or underground groundwater. Nevertheless, mitigation measures (such as minimising the clearing footprint, reducing indirect impacts such as sedimentation run-off from the clearing permit area and managing run-off and pooling on-site) will be applied during construction to ensure that clearing does not impact on the surrounding area or impact any retained vegetation within the site. As such the proposed clearing is not considered to be at variance with this principle.

Principle (j) – native vegetation should not be cleared if clearing the vegetation is likely to cause, or exacerbate, the incidence of flooding. The clearing permit area is located within the Quindalup dune region, where the soils are identified as rapidly draining. CCWs UFI# 6244 and 6246, and MUW UFI# 6242 are identified within the Geomorphic Wetlands of the Swan Coastal Plain dataset as ‘sumpland’ wetland features, which are seasonally inundated, whilst CCW UFI# 6235 is identified as a ‘dampland’, which are seasonally waterlogged (DPaW 2013). However, due to the small area (0.259 ha) of the clearing permit area that the wetlands occupy, it is unlikely that the clearing of vegetation will impact the hydrological balance. In addition, the applicant will ensure hydrology is appropriately managed, and therefore the removal of vegetation is unlikely to exacerbate the incidence of flooding in adjacent vegetated areas. Based on the above, the removal of native vegetation is not considered to be at variance with this principle, as clearing is not considered likely to cause or exacerbate flooding due to the characteristics of the soil type within the clearing permit area, and due to the small amount of vegetation to be removed.

Summary and closing Native vegetation within the clearing permit area covers 3.31 ha and includes 2.07 ha of native vegetation in ‘degraded’ condition, 0.63 ha in ‘good – degraded’ condition and 0.61 ha in ‘good’ condition. Emerge believe that the proposed clearing is consistent with of the clearing principles which has been addressed in detail within this letter. Initial observation suggests that the clearing could potentially be at variance to principles (d) and (f), however a detailed look at the environmental values within the demonstrate that the proposed clearing is consistent with the clearing principles. In summary: x The vegetation within the clearing permit area is largely in a ‘degraded’ condition, and does not represent a high level of biological diversity. x The vegetation within the clearing permit area does not represent habitat for any conservation significant species. In addition, there are large areas of intact habitat in the broader area that provide fauna habitat. x No threatened flora species are located within the clearing permit area. x Whilst a TEC ‘Sedgelands in Holocene dune swales’, has been identified as occurring within the clearing permit area, the proposed clearing of vegetation within the clearing permit area is not at variance to principle (d) due to the small extent (less than 0.06% of the overall TEC extent) that occurs within the clearing permit area. x The native vegetation does not represent significant remnant vegetation of the Quindalup complex due to the small size of the clearing permit area.

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x Whilst three CCWs (UFI# 6235, 6244 and 6246), in addition to one multiple use wetland (UFI# 6242) are identified within the clearing permit area, the proposed clearing is not at variance to principle (f), due to the degraded condition and fragmented location of the vegetation and the small extent of the clearing that is proposed. x The proposed clearing will not cause appreciable land degradation. x The proposed clearing of vegetation is unlikely to impact upon the environmental values of nearby conservation areas. x The proposed clearing is not considered to cause deterioration of surface or groundwater. x The proposed clearing is not likely to cause or exacerbate the incidence of flooding.

Should you have any questions regarding the content of this letter report please do not hesitate to contact the undersigned.

Yours sincerely Emerge Associates

Jason Hick PRINCIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT

cc: Manoj Burua, City of Rockingham

Encl: Figure 1: Site Location Figure 2: Clearing Permit Area Figure 3: Environmental Features Figure 4: Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities Figure 5: Plant Communities Figure 6: Vegetation Condition Attachment 1: Clearing Permit Application Form and C3 Form Attachment 2: Flora and Vegetation Assessment (Emerge Associates 2018) Attachment 3: Fauna Assessment (Harewood 2017) Attachment 4: Correspondence between DoEE and Emerge Associates Attachment 5: Correspondence between DWER and Emerge Associates Attachment 6: Clearing Plans

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General references Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) 2011, Interim Recovery Plan 2011-2016 for Sedgelands in Holocene dune swales., Perth. Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) 2013, A methodology for the evaluation of specific wetland types on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia Government of Western Australia, Perth. Emerge Associates 2018, Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment, Port Kennedy Drive. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) 2006, Guidance Statement No. 10. Level of Assessment for Proposals Affecting Natural Areas Within the System 6 Region and Swan Coastal Plain Portion of the System 1 Region, Perth. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) 2008, Guidance Statement No. 33. Environmental Guidance for Planning and Development, Perth. Gibson, N., Keighery, B., Keighery, G., Burbidge, A. and Lyons, M. 1994, A Floristic survey of the southern Swan Coastal Plain, Department of Conservation and Land Management and the Conservation Council of Western Australia, Perth. Harewood, G. 2017, Fauna Assessment, Port Kennedy Drive. Heddle, E. M., Loneragan, O. W. and Havel, J. J. 1980, 'Vegetation Complexes of the Darling System Western Australia', in Department of Conservation and Environment (ed.), Atlas of Natural Resources Darling System Western Australia, Perth. Keighery, B. 1994, Bushland Plant Survey: A guide to plant community survey for the community, Wildflower Society of WA (Inc), Nedlands. Perth Biodiversity Project (PBP) 2013, 2013 Native Vegetation extent by Vegetation complexes on the Swan Coastal Plain south of Moore River Western Australian Local Government Association, Perth. Water and Rivers Commission (WRC) 2001, Wetlands: Water and Rivers Commission Position Statement, East Perth.

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Figures

Figure 1: Site Location

Figure 2: Clearing Permit Area

Figure 3: Environmental Features

Figure 4: Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities

Figure 5: Plant Communities

Figure 6: Vegetation Condition

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Ennis Avenue !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Siteboundary Cadastralboundary Bush Forever Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) Conservation Enhancement Resource Use Multiple 384500 384500 !!! !!! Geomorphic wetlands (DBCA Mar 2018) Mar (DBCA wetlands Geomorphic 0 0 02 0 Metres GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Zone MGA 1994 GDA Scale: 1:7,000@A4 Scale: UFI 6234 UFI UFI 6243 UFI UFI 6453 UFI 01 ± UFI 6474 UFI UFI 6473 UFI 384000 384000 SCM 28/09/2018 JDH JDH 04/10/2018 UFI 6467 UFI UFI 6240 UFI UFI 6238 UFI PlanNumber: EP18-046(05)--F04 Drawn: Date: Checked: Approved: Date: UFI 6247 UFI UFI 6241 UFI UFI 6452 UFI UFI 6262 UFI UFI 6235 UFI UFI 6263 UFI UFI 6265 UFI UFI 6260 UFI UFI 6472 UFI UFI 6261 UFI BF 356

Bakewell Drive Port Kennedy Drive Kennedy Port for externally sourced data used 383500 383500 UFI 6464 UFI UFI 6245 UFI UFI 6244 UFI UFI 6242 UFI UFI 6236 UFI UFI 6466 UFI UFI 6231 UFI UFI 6246 UFI UFI 6264 UFI UFI 6465 UFI acy and completeness of data, Emerge accepts no responsibility no responsibility accepts Emerge of data, completeness and acy

UFI 6239 UFI Blackburn Drive Blackburn

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! UFI 6237 UFI Saltaire Way Saltaire

UFI 6351 UFI Jacquard Way Jacquard UFI 6232 UFI !!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 383000 383000 Clearing Permit Application Permit Clearing Duplication Drive Kennedy Port City ofRockingham Environmental Features Environmental

Warnbro Sound Avenue

!!!!! !!!!! !!!!! !!!!! !!!!! !!!!! !!!!!

UFI 6271 UFI

6417500 6418000 Figure3: Client: Project: While Emerge Associates makes every attempt to ensure the accur the ensure to attempt every makes Associates Emerge While

sean.moylan 6417500 6418000

Ennis Avenue 384500 384500 Siteboundary Cadastralboundary (PEC) Community Ecological Priority Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) Conservation status Conservation 0 0 02 0 Metres GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Zone MGA 1994 GDA Scale: 1:7,000@A4 Scale: 01 ± 384000 384000 SCM 28/09/2018 JDH JDH 04/10/2018 PlanNumber: EP18-046(05)--F05 Drawn: Date: Checked: Approved: Date:

Bakewell Drive Port Kennedy Drive Kennedy Port for externally sourced data used 383500 383500

acy and completeness of data, Emerge accepts no responsibility no responsibility accepts Emerge of data, completeness and acy

Blackburn Drive Blackburn

Saltaire Way Saltaire Jacquard Way Jacquard 383000 383000 Clearing Permit Application Permit Clearing Duplication Drive Kennedy Port City ofRockingham Threatened andPriority Ecological Communities

Warnbro Sound Avenue

6417500 6418000 Figure4: Client: Project: While Emerge Associates makes every attempt to ensure the accur the ensure to attempt every makes Associates Emerge While

sean.moylan 6417500 6418000

Ennis Avenue Siteboundary Cadastralboundary ArMs BjLgFn JfAsBd Cleared Plant communities Plant 384500 384500 0 0 02 0 Metres GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Zone MGA 1994 GDA Scale: 1:7,000@A4 Scale: 01 ± 384000 384000 SCM 28/09/2018 JDH JDH 04/10/2018 PlanNumber: EP18-046(05)--F06 Drawn: Date: Checked: Approved: Date:

Bakewell Drive Port Kennedy Drive Kennedy Port for externally sourced data used 383500 383500

acy and completeness of data, Emerge accepts no responsibility no responsibility accepts Emerge of data, completeness and acy

Blackburn Drive Blackburn

Saltaire Way Saltaire Jacquard Way Jacquard 383000 383000 Clearing Permit Application Permit Clearing Duplication Drive Kennedy Port City ofRockingham Plant Communities

Warnbro Sound Avenue

6417500 6418000 Figure5: Client: Project: While Emerge Associates makes every attempt to ensure the accur the ensure to attempt every makes Associates Emerge While

sean.moylan 6417500 6418000

Ennis Avenue Siteboundary Cadastralboundary Pristine Excellent Very good Good Good -degraded Degraded degraded Completely Vegetation condition Vegetation 384500 384500 0 0 02 0 Metres GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Zone MGA 1994 GDA Scale: 1:7,000@A4 Scale: 01 ± 384000 384000 SCM 28/09/2018 JDH JDH 04/10/2018 PlanNumber: EP18-046(05)--F07 Drawn: Date: Checked: Approved: Date:

Bakewell Drive Port Kennedy Drive Kennedy Port for externally sourced data used 383500 383500

acy and completeness of data, Emerge accepts no responsibility no responsibility accepts Emerge of data, completeness and acy

Blackburn Drive Blackburn

Saltaire Way Saltaire Jacquard Way Jacquard 383000 383000 Clearing Permit Application Permit Clearing Duplication Drive Kennedy Port City ofRockingham Vegetation Condition Vegetation

Warnbro Sound Avenue

6417500 6418000 Figure6: Client: Project: While Emerge Associates makes every attempt to ensure the accur the ensure to attempt every makes Associates Emerge While

Attachment 1 Purpose Clearing Permit Application Form

Attachment 2 Flora and Vegetation Survey (Emerge Associates 2018)

Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment Port Kennedy Drive Project No: EP17-084(02)

Prepared for City of Rockingham January 2018

Prepared for City of Rockingham Doc No.: EP17-084(02)—001A SKP| Version: A Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment Port Kennedy Drive

Document Control

Doc name: Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment Port Kennedy Drive

Doc no.: EP17-084(02)—001A SKP

Version Date Author Reviewer

November 2017 Sarah Paul SKP Tom Atkinson TAA 1 Submitted for client review

January 2018 Sarah Paul SKP Tom Atkinson TAA A Final revision following client review

© 2018 Emerge Associates All Rights Reserved. Copyright in the whole and every part of this document belongs to Emerge Associates and may not be used, sold, transferred, copied or reproduced in whole or in part in any manner or form or in or on any media to any person without the prior written consent of Emerge Associates.

Project number: EP17-084(02)|January 2018 Page i Prepared for City of Rockingham Doc No.: EP17-084(02)—001A SKP| Version: A

Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment Port Kennedy Drive

Executive Summary

The City of Rockingham proposes to duplicate Port Kennedy Drive between Warnbro Sound Drive and Ennis Avenue within the current extent of the road reserve (herein referred to as ‘the site’). The site is approximately 8.72 hectares (ha) in size and lies approximately 55 km south of Perth.

Historic disturbance has occurred across the site including the construction for the original extent of Port Kennedy Drive and some vegetation clearing.

Two botanists from Emerge Associates visited the site on 26th September and October 30th 2017 and undertook a detailed flora and vegetation survey. During the survey targeted searches were conducted for ‘threatened’ and ‘priority’ flora and an assessment was made on the type, condition and values of vegetation across the site.

Outcomes of the survey include: x Cleared land or non-native vegetation is present across 4.92 ha of the site. x Remnant native vegetation is present across 3.80 ha of the site in varying levels of condition. x A total of 43 native and 33 non-native (weed) species were recorded in the site. x Approximately 146 individuals of the priority four species Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora were recorded throughout plant community ArMs. x No other threatened or priority flora species were recorded or are considered likely to occur within the site. x The native vegetation within the site was classified into three plant communities: ArMs, BjFnLg and JfAsBd that are present in ‘very good’, ‘good’, ‘good to degraded’ and ‘degraded’ condition: o Plant community ArMs was the most common plant community (covering 3.5 ha) across the site and aligned with ‘floristic community type’ (FCT) 29b ‘Acacia shrublands on taller dunes’. o Plant community BjFnLg includes the highest quality vegetation in the site and aligns with FCT 19 ‘Sedgelands in Holocene dune swales’. o Plant community JfAsBd was found occurring in an altered landform directly adjacent to the road, and was in degraded condition. This community was not considered to represent any FCT. x Based on the relevant criteria, plant community ArMs represents the State listed priority ecological community (PEC) ‘Acacia shrublands on taller dunes’ and the plant community BjFnLg represents the State and Commonwealth listed threatened ecological community (TEC) ‘sedgelands in Holocene dune swales’. x The ‘sedgelands in Holocene dune swales’ TEC is listed as ‘critically endangered’ under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Three small patches covering a total 0.11 ha of this TEC are present within the site.

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Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment Port Kennedy Drive

Table of Contents 1 Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Project background ...... 1 1.2 Purpose and scope of work ...... 1 2 Background ...... 2 2.1 Environmental context...... 2 2.1.1 Climate ...... 2 2.1.2 Geomorphology and soils ...... 2 2.1.3 Topography ...... 3 2.1.4 Watercourses ...... 3 2.1.5 Wetlands ...... 3 2.1.6 Regional vegetation ...... 5 2.1.7 Historic land use ...... 5 2.1.8 Threatened and priority flora ...... 5 2.1.9 Threatened and priority ecological communities ...... 7 2.1.10 Local and regional significance ...... 8 2.1.11 Weeds ...... 9 2.2 Land use planning considerations ...... 9 2.2.1 Bush Forever ...... 9 2.2.2 Environmentally sensitive areas...... 9 2.2.3 Biodiversity linkages ...... 10 2.3 Previous flora and vegetation surveys ...... 10 3 Methods ...... 11 3.1 Field survey ...... 11 3.1.1 Flora and vegetation sampling ...... 11 3.1.2 Threatened and priority flora ...... 12 3.2 Mapping and data analysis ...... 12 3.2.1 Plant community identification and description ...... 12 3.2.2 Floristic community type assignment ...... 13 3.2.3 Species accumulation curve ...... 13 3.3 Survey limitations ...... 13 4 Results ...... 15 4.1 General site conditions ...... 15 4.2 Flora ...... 15 4.2.1 Threatened and priority flora ...... 15 4.2.2 Locally and regionally significant flora ...... 15 4.2.3 Declared pests ...... 15 4.3 Vegetation ...... 15 4.3.1 Plant communities ...... 15 4.3.2 Vegetation condition ...... 19 4.3.3 Floristic community type assignment ...... 19 4.3.4 Threatened and priority ecological communities ...... 20 4.3.5 Species richness and sampling adequacy ...... 20 5 Discussion ...... 22 5.1 Threatened and priority flora ...... 22 5.2 Vegetation Condition ...... 23 5.3 Threatened and priority ecological communities ...... 23 5.4 Wetlands ...... 24 6 Conclusions ...... 25

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Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment Port Kennedy Drive

7 References ...... 26 7.1 General references ...... 26 7.2 Online references ...... 27

List of Tables

Table 1: Wetland types defined within the global geomorphic classification system (DPaW 2013)...... 4 Table 2: Geomorphic Wetlands of the Swan Coastal Plain management categories (Hill et al. 1996)...... 4 Table 3: Details of geomorphic wetlands located in the site...... 4 Table 4: Significant flora species known or likely to occur within five km of the site ...... 6 Table 5: TECs and PECs known to occur within 10 km of the site...... 8 Table 6: Vegetation condition scale applied during the field assessment ...... 12 Table 7: Evaluation of survey methodology against standard constraints outlined in EPA Technical Guidance – Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment ...... 14 Table 8: Plant communities identified within the site ...... 16 Table 9: Size of vegetation condition categories within the site...... 19 Table 10: Plant community and likely FCT represented within the site for each sample point ...... 20

List of Plates

Plate 1: Plant community ArMs in good condition...... 17 Plate 2: Plant community BjFnLg in very good condition...... 17 Plate 3: Plant community JfAsBd in degraded condition...... 18 Plate 4: Cleared areas in completely degraded condition...... 18 Plate 5: Species accumulation curve derived from sample data (y = 15.951ln(x) + 16.553 R² = 0.9987). . 21

Figures

Figure 1: Site Location Figure 2: Wetland Features Figure 3: Environmental Features Figure 4: Plant Communities Figure 5: Priority Flora Locations Figure 6: Vegetation Condition Figure 7: Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities

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Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment Port Kennedy Drive

Appendices

Appendix A ...... 2 Additional Background Information ...... 2 Appendix B ...... 2 Species List ...... 2 Appendix C ...... 2 Sample Data ...... 2 Appendix D ...... 2 Priority Flora Locations ...... 2 Appendix E ...... 4 Cluster Dendrograms ...... 4

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1 Introduction

1.1 Project background

The site is approximately 8.72 hectares (ha) in size and lies approximately 55 km south of Perth. The site is bound by Bush Forever site 356 to the south, vacant land to the north, Warnbro Sound Drive to the west and Ennis Avenue to the east.

1.2 Purpose and scope of work

Emerge Associates (Emerge) were engaged by the City of Rockingham to undertake a spring flora and vegetation assessment to support the proposed duplication of Port Kennedy Drive.

The scope of work was specifically to undertake a spring flora and vegetation assessment (to the standard required of a detailed survey and a spring targeted flora survey). Surveys were undertaken in accordance with the Environmental Protection Authority’s (EPA’s) Technical Guidance –Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment (EPA 2016).

As part of this scope of work, the following tasks were undertaken: x Desktop review of relevant background information pertaining to the site and surrounds, including database searches for threatened flora species and ecological communities. x Compilation of a comprehensive list of flora species recorded as part of the field survey. x Mapping of plant communities and vegetation condition. x Identification of conservation significant flora and vegetation. x Documentation of the desktop assessment, survey methodology and results into a report.

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2 Background

2.1 Environmental context

2.1.1 Climate

Climate has a strong influence on the types of vegetation that grow in a region and the life cycles of the flora present. It is therefore critical for a flora and vegetation survey to respond appropriately to climatic conditions to ensure that surveys are conducted during times when flora species are easiest to detect and identify.

The south west of Western Australia experiences a Mediterranean climate of hot dry summers and cool wet winters. In Mediterranean type climates some flora species will typically spend part of their life-cycle as either underground storage organs or as seed. This is an adaptation to unfavourable environmental conditions such as excessive heat and drought that occur over the summer period. These species, known as ‘geophytes’ or ‘annuals’, tend to re-emerge during winter when favourable conditions return and are most visible during spring, which is the flowering period for a majority of plant species. Therefore, spring is the optimal time to complete flora and vegetation surveys in the south west of WA.

An average of 671.2 millimetres (mm) of rainfall is recorded annually from the Mandurah weather station, which is the closest weather station approximately 17 km from the site. The majority of this rainfall is received between the months of May and August. Mean maximum temperatures from this station range from 17.4⁰C in July to 29.8⁰C in February, while mean minimum temperatures range from 10.6⁰C in July to 19.4⁰C in February (BoM 2017).

A total of 456.6 mm of rain was recorded from May to September 2017 (BOM 2017) indicating sufficient seasonal rainfall occurred at the site to promote the growth of flora species prior to this survey.

2.1.2 Geomorphology and soils

Landform and soils influence vegetation types at regional and local scales. The site occurs on the Swan Coastal Plain, which is the geomorphic unit that characterises much of the Perth metropolitan region.

The Swan Coastal Plain is approximately 500 km long and 20 to 30 km wide and is roughly bound by the Indian Ocean to the west and the Darling Scarp to the east. Broadly the Swan Coastal Plain consists of two sedimentary belts of different origin. Its eastern side has formed from the deposition of alluvial material washed down from the Darling Scarp. While it’s western side is comprised of three dune systems that run roughly parallel to the Indian Ocean coastline (Seddon 2004). These dune systems, referred to as Quindalup, Spearwood and Bassendean associations, represent a succession of coastal deposition that has occurred since the late Quaternary period (approximately two million years ago) (Kendrick et al. 1991) and, as a result, they contain soils at different stages of leaching and formation.

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Examination of broad scale mapping places the majority of the site within the Quindalup soil and landform association (Churchward and McArthur 1980). Finer scale soil mapping by the Department of Agriculture and Food (DAFWA 2007) places the majority of the site in the Quindalup South Qf2 Phase comprising relict foredunes and gently undulating beach ridge plain with deep uniform calcareous sands. Smaller areas along the length of the sites alignment are mapped as representing Quindalup South Qf2a (more prominent relict foredune ridges which occur within unit Qf2) and two small pockets of Quindalup South wet, swamp Phase.

2.1.3 Topography

The elevation of the site is relatively flat, at 10 m in relation to the Australian Height Datum (mAHD), with a number of local depressions dropping to 5 m AHD present along its length.

2.1.4 Watercourses

Examination of the Department of Water’s (DOW) hydrography dataset shows no hydrographic features are within the site.

2.1.5 Wetlands

Wetlands include “areas of seasonally, intermittently or permanently waterlogged soils or inundated land, whether natural or otherwise, fresh and saline, e.g. waterlogged soils, ponds, billabongs, lakes, swamps, tidal flats, estuaries, rivers and their tributaries” (Wetlands Advisory Committee 1977). Wetlands can further be recognised by the presence of vegetation associated with waterlogging or the presence of hydric soils such as peat, peaty sand or carbonate mud (Hill et al. 1996).

Wetlands of national or international significance may be afforded special protection under Commonwealth or international agreements. The following lists of important wetlands were checked as part of this assessment: x Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance x A Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia.

No Ramsar or listed ‘important wetlands’ are located within the site. Brixton Street Swamps, listed as an ‘important wetland’, is located approximately 380 m north-west of the western site boundary.

On the Swan Coastal Plain the geomorphic wetland classification system of Semeniuk (1987) is used to classify wetlands based on the landform shape and water permanence (hydro-period) as outlined in Table 1. The Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions (DBCA) maintains the Geomorphic Wetlands of the Swan Coastal Plain dataset, which further categorises geomorphic wetland features into specific management categories to guide land use and conservation (Table 2). The management categories of wetlands are determined based on hydrological, biological and human use features. Each classified wetland listed in the Geomorphic Wetland of the Swan Coastal Plain dataset is given a ‘unique feature identifier’ (UFI). This dynamic dataset is continually updated with site-specific wetland surveys providing new and relevant information. Note that as this dataset was drafted at a regional scale the boundaries of mapped wetland features are often inconsistent with physical wetland boundaries on the ground.

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Table 1: Wetland types defined within the global geomorphic classification system (DPaW 2013).

Geomorphology Inundation level Basin Channel Flat Slope Highland

Permanently inundation Lake River - - -

Seasonally inundation Sumpland Creek Floodplain - -

Intermittent inundation Playa Wadi Barlkarra -

Seasonally waterlogged Dampland - Palusplain Paluslope Palusmont

Table 2: Geomorphic Wetlands of the Swan Coastal Plain management categories (Hill et al. 1996).

Management category Description of Management objectives wetland

Conservation (CCW) Support high levels of Preserve wetland attributes and functions through reservation in attributes national parks, crown reserves and state owned land. Protection provided under environmental protection policies.

Resource enhancement Partly modified but Restore wetland through maintenance and enhancement of (REW) still supporting wetland functions and attributes. Protection via crown reserves, substantial functions state or local government owned land, environmental protection and attributes policies and sustainable management on private properties.

Multiple use (MUW) Few wetland Use, development and management considered in the context of attributes but still water, town and environmental planning through land care. provide important hydrological functions

A review of DBCA’s Geomorphic Wetlands of the Swan Coastal Plain dataset indicated that one ‘multiple use’ and three ‘conservation’ category wetland features occur within the site. These are all small sumplands and damplands and comprise Point Becher wetland, along with numerous other small conservation category damplands and sumplands in the wider local area. The details of the wetlands in the site are provided in Table 3 and their locations are shown in Figure 2.

Table 3: Details of geomorphic wetlands located in the site.

Area within site (ha) UFI number Wetland Type Conservation Status

6235 Dampland Conservation 0.026

6244 Sumpland Conservation 0.039

6246 Sumpland Conservation 0.005

6242 Sumpland Multiple Use 0.189

DBCA is also the custodian of the Consanguineous Suite dataset. The concept of consanguineous suites was developed by Semeniuk (1988) and refers to the natural grouping of wetlands. Consanguineous suites have been identified using criteria based on wetland classification, geometry, stratigraphy, inferred origin and hydrology. A total of 62 consanguineous suites are recognised on the Swan Coastal Plain. Visible differences are present between wetlands of the same type in different consanguineous suites. The regional significance of a wetland can be determined by

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examining the proportion of the original extent of the wetland type in that consanguineous suite that remains and supports a high level of value, attributes and functions.

The majority of the site is located within the Becher consanguineous suite and a small area in the eastern portion of the site is within the Cooloongup consanguineous suite. Within the Becher consanguineous suite 186.1 ha remains and 68.2% of this is mapped as comprising CCWs. Within the Cooloongup consanguineous suite 1455.6 ha remains and 100% of this is mapped as CCW.

2.1.6 Regional vegetation

Native vegetation is described and mapped at different scales in order to illustrate patterns in its distribution. At a continental scale the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia (IBRA) divides the Swan Coastal Plain into two floristic subregions (Environment Australia 2000). The site is contained within the ‘SWA02’ or Perth subregion, which is characterised as mainly containing Banksia low woodland on leached sands with Melaleuca swamps where ill-drained; and woodland of Eucalyptus gomphocephala (tuart), E. marginata (jarrah) and Corymbia calophylla (marri) on less leached soils (Beard 1990). This subregion is recognised as a biodiversity hotspot and contains a wide variety of endemic flora and vegetation types.

Variations in native vegetation within the site can be further classified based on regional vegetation associations. Beard et al. (2013) mapping shows the site as comprising vegetation association ‘Rockingham 3048’.This association is described as comprising shrublands, scrub-heath and mixed heath with scattered tall shrubs Acacia spp., Proteaceae and Myrtaceae on the Swan Coastal Plain (Beard et al. 2013). ‘Rockingham 3048’ association has 29.38 % of its pre-European extent remaining on the Swan Coastal Plain with 8.10 % protected for conservation purposes (Government of Western Australia 2015).

Studies have indicated that the loss of biodiversity caused by habitat fragmentation is significantly greater once a habitat type falls below 30% of its original extent (Miles 2001). However, this is a purely biodiversity protection orientated objective. On the Swan Coastal Plain, which is considered a ‘constrained area’, the EPA has previously applied an objective of retaining 10% of each vegetation complex (EPA 2006). The conserved area of the ‘Rockingham 3048’ association falls below this retention objective.

2.1.7 Historic land use

Review of historical images available from 1953 (WALIA 2017) onwards, shows that the site was uncleared until between 1983 and 1985, when a track was created running along the northern portion of the site, along most of its length. By 1995 Port Kennedy Drive had been constructed and much of the road reserve shows evidence of disturbance. The area directly north of the site in the western half has been developed into a commercial use area since. The area surrounding the eastern half has been relatively undisturbed and the areas to the south of the site are included in the Rockingham Lakes Regional Park.

2.1.8 Threatened and priority flora

Certain flora species that are considered to be rare or under threat warrant special protection under Commonwealth and/or State legislation. At a Commonwealth level, flora species may be listed as

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‘threatened’ pursuant to Schedule 1 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). Any action likely to have a significant impact on a species listed under the EPBC Act requires approval from the Commonwealth Minister for the Environment.

In Western Australia plant species may also be classed as ‘threatened’ or ‘priority’ species under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WC Act). Threatened flora species are gazetted under subsection 2 of section 23F of the WC Act and it is an offence to “take” or damage rare flora without Ministerial approval. Priority flora species are potentially rare or threatened and are classed in order of threat. Further information on threatened and priority species and their categories is provided in Appendix A.

A search was conducted for threatened and priority flora within a five km radius of the site using the Protected Matters Search Tool (DoEE 2017a), NatureMap (DBCA 2017) and DBCA threatened and priority flora database (reference no. 09-0917FL). Eight threatened and 15 priority flora species were identified as potentially occurring in the wider local area as listed in Table 4.

Of the flora species potentially occurring in the local area, those with habitat preferences of seasonally wet areas such as swales and sand dunes with underlying limestone were deemed likely to occur in the site. This is based on the known landforms, soils and topographical information.

On this basis two threatened and 13 priority flora species were identified as having the potential to occur within the site (shaded green in Table 4).

Table 4: Significant flora species known or likely to occur within five km of the site Level of Likelihood significance Flowering Species LS Habitat of EPBC period State occurrence Act Seasonally damp, black sandy clay flats Sep - Nov Possible Andersonia gracilis T E P near or on the margins of swamps. Well-drained, deep sandy soils in lush Sep-early undergrowth in a variety of moisture Unlikely Nov Caladenia huegelii T E PG levels. Sand to sandy clay soils in areas subject Sep-Oct Unlikely Diuris purdiei T E PG to winter inundation. Bare patches of sand within otherwise dense vegetation in low-lying areas Jul-Oct Unlikely Drakaea elastica T E PG alongside winter-wet swamps. Eucalyptus x balanites T E P Sandy soils with lateritic gravel Oct-Feb Unlikely Peaty sand and clay amongst low heath, May-Aug Possible Lepidosperma rostratum T E P in winter-wet swamps. Dark grey-black sandy clay-loam in winter wet depressions or swamps. Aug-Oct Unlikely Diuris micrantha T V PG Often in shallow standing water. Open sandy patches often adjacent to Sep-Oct Unlikely Drakaea micrantha T V PG winter-wet swamps. Cardamine paucijuga P2 - A Swamp, winter-wet flats. Sand over clay. Aug-Oct Possible Thelymitra variegata P2 - PG Sandy clay, sand, laterite Jun-Sep Unlikely White, grey ands, sandy clay in winter Oct-Nov Possible Acacia benthamii P3 - P wet flats and swamps Beyeria cinerea subsp. Jul-Oct Possible cinerea P3 - P Sand with limestone common. Coastal dunes, white sand. Upper slopes. Aug-Oct Possible Calandrinia oraria P3 - A Limestone common.

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Level of Likelihood significance Flowering Species LS Habitat of EPBC period State occurrence Act Dillwynia dillwynioides P3 - P Sandy soils. Winter-wet depressions. Aug-Dec Possible Lasiopetalum Sep-Dec Possible membranaceum P3 - P Sand over limestone. Pimelea calcicola P3 - P Sand. Coastal limestone ridges. Sep-Nov Possible Schoenus capillifolius P3 - A Brown mud in clay pans Oct-Nov Possible Sand, sandy clay over limestone, peaty Jun or sandy clay. Taller dunes, winter wet flats, Possible Sep-Nov Sphaerolobium calcicola P3 - P interdunal swamps. Conostylis pauciflora Grey sand, limestone. Hillslopes, Aug-Oct Possible subsp. pauciflora P4 - P consolidated dunes. Dodonaea hackettiana P4 - P Sand, outcropping limestone. Jul-Oct Possible Jacksonia sericea P4 - A Calcareous and sandy soils Dec-Feb Possible Jan-Feb or Parsonsia Apr-Jun or Unlikely diaphanophleba P4 - Alluvial soils. Along rivers. Sep Stylidium longitubum P4 - A Sandy clay, clay. Seasonal wetlands. Oct-Dec Possible Note: LS=life strategy, T=threatened, CE=critically endangered, E=endangered, V=vulnerable, P1=Priority 1, P2=Priority 2, P3=Priority 3, P4=Priority 4, P=perennial, PG=perennial geophyte, A=annual. Species considered to be potentially present or previously recorded within the site are shaded green.

2.1.9 Threatened and priority ecological communities

An ecological community is a naturally occurring group of native plants, animals and other organisms that are interacting in a unique habitat. An ecological community’s structure, composition and distribution are determined by environmental factors such as soil type, position in the landscape, altitude, climate and water availability (DoEE 2017b). ‘Threatened ecological communities’ (TECs) are ecological communities that are recognised as rare or under threat and therefore warrant special protection.

Selected TECs are afforded statutory protection at a Commonwealth level under section 181 of the EPBC Act. Any action likely to have a significant impact on a community listed under the EPBC Act requires approval from the Commonwealth Minister for the Environment. TECs are also listed within Western Australia but are currently are not afforded direct statutory protection at a State level. Nonetheless their significance is acknowledged through other state environmental approval processes such as ‘environmental impact assessment’ pursuant to Part IV of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act) and the Environmental Protection (Clearing of Native Vegetation) Regulations 2004. A plant community that is under consideration for listing as a TEC in Western Australia, but does not yet meet survey criteria or has not been adequately defined, may be listed as a ‘priority ecological community’ (PEC). Listing as a PEC is similarly considered during State approval processes. Further information on categories of TECs and PECs is provided in Appendix A.

Known locations of TECs and PECs within 10 km of the site were searched for using the publicly available Weed and native flora dataset (Keighery et al. 2012), Protected Matters Search Tool (DoEE 2017) and DBCA’s threatened and priority ecological communities’ database (reference no. 1- 1017DBCA). These search results indicate that 13 TECs or PECs had previously been recorded within the area or have potential to occur (shaded green in Table 5). Two TECs and three PECs have potential to occur in the site.

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Table 5: TECs and PECs known to occur within 10 km of the site.

Level of significance Likelihood of TEC/ Code Community name occurrence PEC State EPBC Act

SCP09 Dense shrublands on clay flats TEC Vulnerable Critically Endangered (Clay pans of the Swan Unlikely Coastal Plain)

SCP19a Sedgelands in Holocene dunes swales TEC Endangered Endangered (Sedgelands in Holocene SCP19b Woodlands over sedgelands in TEC Endangered dunes swales of the Likely Holocene dunes swales southern Swan Coastal Plain)

SCP3c Eucalyptus calophylla - Xanthorrhoea TEC Critically Endangered Unlikely preissii woodlands and shrublands, endangered Swan Coastal Plain

Mound Communities of Tumulus Springs TEC Critically Endangered Unlikely Springs SCP (Organic Mound Springs, Swan Coastal endangered Plain)

Richmond- Stromatolite like microbialite TEC Critically Endangered Unlikely microbial community of coastal freshwater lakes endangered

SCP25 Southern Eucalyptus gomphocephala – PEC/ Priority 3 Endangered Unlikely Agonis flexuosa woodlands TEC

SCP24 Northern Spearwood shrublands and PEC/ Priority 3 Endangered Possible woodlands TEC

SCP21c Low lying Banksia attenuata PEC/ Priority 3 Endangered Unlikely woodlands or shrublands TEC (Banksia woodlands of the Swan Coastal Plan)

Coastal Subtropical and Temperate Coastal PEC/ Priority 3 Vulnerable Unlikely saltmarsh Saltmarsh TEC

SCP 30a Callitris preissii (or Melaleuca TEC Vulnerable - Unlikely lanceolata) forests and woodlands

SCP29a Coastal shrublands on shallow sands PEC Priority 3 - Possible

SCP29b Acacia shrublands on taller dunes PEC Priority 3 - Possible Note: Communities known or considered to be potentially present within the site are shaded green.

Multiple state listed TECs and PECs comprise the EPBC Act listed TECs ‘clay pans of the Swan Coastal Plain’ and ‘Banksia woodlands of the Swan Coastal Plain’. Information regarding the defining criteria of each TEC with potential to occur, is available online from the Department of the Environment and Energy (DoEE 2017c).

2.1.10 Local and regional significance

Flora species and ecological communities may be significant for a number of reasons irrespective of whether they have special protection under policy or legislation.

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One reason that vegetation within the site may be considered significant is the close proximity to Bush Forever Site 356 (Lake Cooloongup, Lake Walyungup and Adjacent Bushland, Hillman to Port Kennedy) and Bush Forever Site 377 (Port Kennedy), as detailed in Section 2.2.1.

2.1.11 Weeds

The term ‘weed’ can refer to any plant that requires some form of action to reduce its effect on the economy, the environment, human health and amenity. Many non-native flora species and some native species are considered to be weeds.

A particularly invasive or detrimental weed species may be listed as a ‘declared pest’ pursuant to the Western Australia’s Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (BAM Act), indicating that it warrants special management to limit its spread. Further information on categories of declared pests is provided in Appendix A.

Due to historical disturbance weed species are expected to be present at the site.

2.2 Land use planning considerations

A range of legislation, regulations and polices are relevant to the evaluation of vegetation in Western Australia. Key considerations applicable to the site are described below and also shown in Figure 3.

2.2.1 Bush Forever

The Government of Western Australia’s Bush Forever policy is a strategic plan for conserving regionally significant bushland within the Swan Coastal Plain portion of the Perth Metropolitan Region. The objective of Bush Forever is to protect comprehensive representations of all original ecological communities by targeting a minimum of 10% of each vegetation complex for protection (Government of WA 2000). Bush Forever sites are representative of regional ecosystems and habitat and have a key role in the conservation of Perth’s biodiversity.

Bush Forever Site 356 (Lake Cooloongup, Lake Walyungup and Adjacent Bushland, Hillman to Port Kennedy) lies directly south of the site, and extending east and north-east of the site. This Bush Forever site is known to support TECs listed as endangered under the EPBC Act (SCP19a, SCP19b and Banksia woodlands of the Swan Coastal Plain (including SCP21a and SCP24)).

Bush Forever Site 377 (Port Kennedy) lies to the south west of the site. This Bush Forever site is known to support TECs listed as endangered (SCP19a) under the EPBC Act.

The location of Bush Forever sites 356 and 377 are shown in Figure 3.

2.2.2 Environmentally sensitive areas

‘Environmentally sensitive areas’ (ESAs) are prescribed under the Environmental Protection (Clearing of Native Vegetation) Regulations 2004 and have been identified to protect native vegetation values of areas surrounding significant, threatened or scheduled flora, vegetation communities or ecosystems. Within an ESA none of the exemptions under the Environmental Protection (Clearing of Native Vegetation) Regulations 2004 apply. However, exemptions under Schedule 6 of the EP Act still

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apply, including any clearing in accordance with a subdivision approval under the Planning and Development Act 2005 (a recognised exemption under the Schedule 6 of the EP Act).

One ESA (No. 3279) is located across the entirety of the site, centered on Bush Forever Site 356, conservation category wetlands and known occurrences of TECS. The location of this ESA is shown in Figure 3.

2.2.3 Biodiversity linkages

Biodiversity or ecological linkages are linear landscape elements that allow the movement of fauna, flora and genetic material between areas of remnant habitat. The movement of fauna and the exchange of genetic material between vegetation remnants improve the viability of those remnants by allowing greater access to breeding partners and food sources, refuge from disturbances such as fire and maintenance of genetic diversity of plant communities and populations. Biodiversity linkages are ideally continuous or near-continuous as the more fractured a linkage is, the less ease flora and fauna have in moving within the corridor (Alan Tingay and Associates 1998).

The Perth Biodiversity Project, supported by the Western Australia Local Government Association (WALGA), have identified and mapped biodiversity linkages within the Perth Metropolitan Region (WALGA and PBP 2004). In order to extend this study outside of the Perth Metropolitan Region, the South West Biodiversity Project was established, resulting in the identification and mapping of the South West regional ecological linkages (Molloy et al. 2009).

One mapped linkage (No. 76) passes close to the eastern extent of the site in a north-south direction. This connects to other linkages to the west, south and east of the site. The locations of ecological linkages near the site are shown in Figure 3.

2.3 Previous flora and vegetation surveys

No previous surveys of the site are known to have been undertaken or publicly available.

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3 Methods

3.1 Field survey

th th Two botanists from Emerge visited the site on the 26 of September and 30 of October 2017 to conduct the flora and vegetation assessment. Vegetation within the site was traversed on foot and the composition and condition of vegetation was recorded.

3.1.1 Flora and vegetation sampling

Detailed sampling of the vegetation was undertaken using non-permanent sampling plots. 10 x 10 m quadrats are commonly used on the Swan Coastal Plain to assess vegetation, but owing to the linear alignment of the site and narrow areas of vegetation adjacent to Port Kennedy Drive, this sample size was not suitable. Thus sampling plots of an equivalent area (100m2) were assessed. A total of 12 sampling plots were surveyed. The western most point of each survey location was recorded with a hand-held GPS unit, as shown on Figure 4.

Data recorded within each sampling point included: x site details (site name, site number, observers, date, location) x environmental information (slope, aspect, bare-ground, rock outcropping soil type and colour class, litter layer, topographical position, time since last fire event) x biological information (vegetation structure and condition, degree of disturbance and species present).

The species percentage ‘foliage projective cover’ (FPC) was also recorded within each quadrat. Additional plant taxa not observed within sampling points were recorded opportunistically as the botanists traversed the site. Photographs were taken throughout the survey to show particular site conditions.

All plant specimens collected during the field survey were dried, pressed and then named in accordance with requirements of the Western Australian Herbarium. Identification of specimens occurred through comparison with named material and through the use of taxonomic keys. Flora species not native to Western Australia are denoted by an asterisk ‘*’ in text and raw data.

Vegetation condition was assigned at each sample point and changes in vegetation condition were also noted and mapped across the site. The condition of the vegetation was assessed using methods from Keighery (1994).

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Table 6: Vegetation condition scale applied during the field assessment

Condition Definition (Keighery 1994) category

Pristine Pristine or nearly so, no obvious signs of disturbance.

Excellent Vegetation structure intact, disturbance affecting individual species and weeds are non-aggressive species.

Very good Vegetation structure altered obvious signs of disturbance. For example, disturbance to vegetation structure caused by repeated fires, the presence of some more aggressive weeds, dieback, logging and grazing

Good Vegetation structure significantly altered by very obvious signs of multiple disturbances. Retains basic vegetation structure or ability to regenerate it. For example, disturbance to vegetation structure caused by very frequent fires, the presence of some very aggressive weeds at high density, partial clearing, dieback and grazing.

Degraded Basic vegetation structure severely impacted by disturbance. Scope for regeneration but not to a state approaching good condition without intensive management. For example, disturbance to vegetation structure caused by very frequent fires, the presence of very aggressive weeds, partial clearing, dieback and grazing.

Completely The structure of the vegetation is no longer intact and the area is completely or almost completely degraded without native species. These areas are often described as ‘parkland cleared’ with the flora comprising weed or crop species with isolated native trees or shrubs.

3.1.2 Threatened and priority flora

Areas of suitable habitat for threatened and priority flora species with potential to occur in the site were identified.

The majority of threatened and priority flora species with potential to occur in the site flower during spring. Therefore, targeted surveys were undertaken within areas of potential habitat on the 26th September and 30th October 2017.

3.2 Mapping and data analysis

3.2.1 Plant community identification and description

The local plant communities within the site were identified from the sample data collected during the field survey. A cluster analysis was performed by converting the FPC for each species at each quadrat location to a Domin value (Kent and Coker 1994). Classification was undertaken using hierarchical clustering within the analysis package Primer-6 (Clarke and Gorley 2006), with groups defined using the Bray-Curtis distance measure and further refined using a similarity probability measure (significance level of 0.05).

Once a group was defined from the cluster analysis, the vegetation was described according to the dominant species present using the structural formation descriptions of the National Vegetation Inventory System (NVIS) (ESCAVI 2003). The identified plant community was then mapped on aerial photography (1:15,000) from the sample points and boundaries were interpreted from aerial

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photography. Vegetation condition was mapped on aerial photography (1:13,000) based on the locations recorded during the field survey to define areas with changes in condition.

3.2.2 Floristic community type assignment

The identified plant communities were compared to the regional ‘floristic community type’ (FCT) dataset A Floristic survey of the southern Swan Coastal Plain by Gibson et al. (1994). The sample data (presence/absence) was reconciled with Gibson et al. (1994) by standardising the names of taxa with those used in the earlier study. This was necessary due to changes in nomenclature in the intervening period. Taxa that were only identified to genus level were excluded, while some infra- species that have been identified since 1994 were reduced to species level. The combined dataset was then imported into the statistical analysis package Primer-6 (Clarke and Gorley 2006). As data from a localised survey is often spatially correlated, data for each sample point was compared to Gibson et al. (1994) separately. This removed the influence of spatial correlation when assigning a FCT. Classification was then undertaken using a group-average hierarchical clustering technique using the Bray-Curtis distance measure (as described above for plant community determination).

Where the sample tended to cluster with a grouping of different FCTs, individual sample point similarity was assessed separately to differentiate between FCTs. Ultimately the cluster analysis, as well as contextual information relating to the soils, landforms and known locations of FCTs within the region, was considered in the final determination of an FCT for vegetation within the site.

3.2.3 Species accumulation curve

A species accumulation curve was plotted from sample data by generating a trendline (log) in Microsoft Excel. The trendline was forecast to locate the asymptote of the curve (the point at which the curve flattens), which provides an indication of amount of sampling that would be required before it can be assumed few species remain undetected. Primer-6 also offers a range of estimators to predict minimum species richness (Clarke and Gorley 2006). Both the Jacknife1 and Chao2 non- parametric estimators are reported, as these are known to perform well in comparison to simulated and real data sets and are also recommended for small sample sizes (Gotelli and Colwell 2011). Comparison between actual and estimated species accumulation assists in evaluating the adequacy of sampling effort.

3.3 Survey limitations

It is important to note the specific constraints imposed on surveys and the degree to which these may have limited survey outcomes. An evaluation of the survey methodology against standard constraints outlined in the EPA document Technical Guidance – Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment (EPA 2016) is provided in Table 7.

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Table 7: Evaluation of survey methodology against standard constraints outlined in EPA Technical Guidance – Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment

Constraint Degree of Details limitation

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4 Results

4.1 General site conditions

The site comprises the current Port Kennedy Drive, and the adjacent road reserve. The road reserve consists of patches of relatively intact native vegetation, cleared road verges, intersecting tracks and areas dominated by weed species.

Topography varies along the length of the sites alignment, both naturally and due to human disturbances. Some areas of higher sand dunes are present, as well as some localised low points, both naturally occurring and some areas showing evidence of human alteration.

4.2 Flora

A total of 43 native and 33 non-native (weed) species were recorded within the site during the field survey, representing 39 families and 67 genera. The dominant families containing native taxa were Fabaceae (seven native taxa and one weed taxa), Cyperaceae (five native taxa and one weed taxa) and Myrtaceae (five native taxa and one weed taxa) and The most common genera were Acacia and Eucalyptus with four and three taxa respectively. The family containing the most taxa was Poaceae (three native and eight non-native species). Of the species recorded 57 were recorded in sample locations and 19 were recorded opportunistically. A complete species list is provided in Appendix B and sample data in Appendix C.

4.2.1 Threatened and priority flora

One priority 4 (P4) species, Conotylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora, was recorded within the site. Approximately 146 individuals were recorded within the site, located within or adjacent to native vegetation (as shown in Figure 5). The coordinates of these locations are provided in Appendix D. Note it is hard to verify exactly how many individuals are present in this area due to the clumping habit of C. pauciflora subsp. pauciflora. No other occurrences of any other threatened or priority flora species were recorded within the site.

4.2.2 Locally and regionally significant flora

No additional locally or regionally significant flora species were identified as occurring within the site.

4.2.3 Declared pests

No declared pests or weeds of national significance (WONS) were recorded within the site.

4.3 Vegetation

4.3.1 Plant communities

Three native plant communities were identified within the site. Plant community ArMs occurs commonly within the site to both sides of the road and extends over 3.5 ha. Plant community BjFnLg occurs in three small localised areas in the centre of the site, with all three extending outside of the

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site boundary (as shown on Figure 7). Within the site boundary, this community extends over 0.11 ha. Plant community JfAsBd is located in one central portion of the site directly to the south of Port Kennedy Drive and extends over 0.19 ha. The remainder of the site (4.93 ha) contains asphalt or non- native vegetation with bare soil, weeds or planted vegetation including Chamelaucium uncinatum (Geraldton wax), *Leptospermum laevigatum (coastal tea tree) and Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island pines).

A description and the area of each plant community is provided in Table 8 and representative photographs of each are provided in Plate 1 to Plate 4. The location of each plant community is shown on Figure 4.

Table 8: Plant communities identified within the site

Plant Description Area (ha) community

ArMs Shrubland to closed shrubland of Acacia rostellifera (sometimes with codominant Acacia 3.5 saligna and Acacia cochlearis) over open low shrubland Melaleuca systena and Acacia lasiocarpa over open forbland Acanthocarpus preissii, Lomandra maritima, Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora, Senecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius and Trachyandra divaricata and grassland to closed grassland Austrostipa flavescens, *Bromus diandrus, Lolium rigidum, Ehrharta spp. and Eragrostis curvula (Plate 1).

BjFnLg Low open woodland of Melaleuca rhaphiophylla and Eucalyptus decipiens (or overstorey 0.11 layer absent) over sparse forbland of *Dittrichia graveolens, closed sedgeland of Baumea juncea, Ficinia nodosa and Lepidosperma gladiatum and open vineland Clematis linearifolia over open grassland Austrostipa flavescens and *Bromus diandrus. (Plate 2).

JfAsBd Shrubland of Jacksonia furcellata, *Leptospermum laevigatum and Acacia saligna over 0.19 forbland of Opercularia vaginata, Senecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius, *Euphorbia terracina, *Trachyandra divaricata and *Pelargonium capitatum and grassland of *Bromus diandrus, *Eragrostis curvula and *Lagurus ovatus (Plate 3).

Cleared Heavily disturbed non vegetated areas or areas dominated by exotic weed species 4.93 (Plate 4).

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Plate 1: Plant community ArMs in good condition.

Plate 2: Plant community BjFnLg in very good condition.

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Plate 3: Plant community JfAsBd in degraded condition.

Plate 4: Cleared areas in completely degraded condition.

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4.3.2 Vegetation condition

Vegetation condition within the site ranged from completely degraded to very good condition, as shown on Figure 6. Areas in very good condition were limited to two small areas of plant community BjFnLg to the south of Port Kennedy Drive, these areas within the site comprise the northern most edges of the plant community, which is largely located to the south of the site boundary, and included within Bush Forever Site No. 356 (as shown on Figure 7). The additional patch of plant community BjFnLg was in good condition, due to higher densities of grass weed species. This community also extends to the north of the site boundary; the site itself includes a very small portion of this vegetation (c. 13 m2). Plant community ArMs ranged from degraded to good condition. The degraded areas contained highly limited native understorey species and higher weed densities, whereas those areas in good condition had a number of native understorey shrubs, forbs and grasses present (including Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora (P4)), and slightly lower weed densities. The area of plant community JfAsBd was in degraded condition, due to weed loads and the altered landform in this area.

Remaining areas in the site are in ‘completely degraded’ condition and consist of non-native species such as pasture grasses, Scabiosa atropurpurea, Geranium capitatum, Asphodelus fistulosus (onion weed) and planted trees and shrubs. The road and sandy tracks within the site were also mapped as being in ‘completely degraded’ condition.

The extent of vegetation by condition category is detailed in Table 9.

Table 9: Size of vegetation condition categories within the site

Condition category Size (ha)

Pristine 0

Excellent 0

Very Good 0.11

Good 0.50

Good - Degraded 0.63

Degraded 2.55

Completely Degraded 4.93

4.3.3 Floristic community type assignment

Plant community ArMs was determined to represent FCT 29b ‘Acacia shrublands on taller dunes’. This FCT is listed as ‘poorly reserved’ and ‘susceptible’ by Gibson et al. (1994). Most of the quadrats consistently clustered to TRIG-1 in the Gibson et al. (1994) dataset with similarities of 34-41%.

Plant community BjFnLg was determined to represent FCT 19. This FCT is listed as ‘unreserved’ and ‘endangered’ by Gibson et al. (1994). Quadrat data clustered to Gibson et al. (1994) sites PB-1, PB-6 and COOL09 with similarities of 16-35%. The relevant portions of the cluster dendrograms are provided in Appendix D.

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Table 10: Plant community and likely FCT represented within the site for each sample point

Reservation and Plant Sample Most similar Gibson Similarity Floristic community conservation status Community Unit et al. (1994) sites (%) type (FCT) (Gibson et al. 1994).

Q1 TRIG-1 34

Q4 TRIG-1 34

FCT 29b: Acacia ArMs Poorly reserved Q5 TRIG-1 41 shrublands on taller Susceptible dunes Q8 TRIG-1 35

Q10 TRIG-1 38

PB-1 35 Q2 PB-2 35

Q9 COOL09 35 FCT 19: Sedgelands in Unreserved BjFnLg Holocene dune swales Endangered COOL09 35

Q11 PB-1 16

PB-2 16

4.3.4 Threatened and priority ecological communities

FCT 19 is a Commonwealth listed TEC. This FCT was further categorized into two sub-types in Bush Forever based on the age of the occurrences; FCT 19a (‘sedgelands in Holocene dune swales’) tend to be the younger occurrences, whilst older occurrences comprise FCT 19b and tend to include an overstorey layer (‘woodlands over sedgelands in Holocene dune swales’). Both sub-types are included within the TEC. Sample location 2 was representative of FCT 19a, whilst Q9 and Q11 had Melaleuca rhaphiophylla trees and were representative of FCT 19b.

FCT 29b is listed as a PEC within Western Australia. No other TECs or PECs occur within the site.

The areas comprising TECs and PECs within the site are shown in Figure 7.

4.3.5 Species richness and sampling adequacy

A total of 56 species were recorded from twelve sample locations. A species accumulation curve derived from sample data is presented in Plate 5. After twelve samples the curve has flattened off and passed its asymptote. This indicates that the survey effort undertaken was sufficient to have detected the majority of species present.

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Species richness was estimated in Primer-6 to be between 83 (Chao2) and 92 (Jacknife1). Based on the trend of the species accumulation curve approximately 30 samples would be required to capture that many species. Including the 20 additional species recorded opportunistically, a total of 76 species was recorded in the site. This indicates that between 82 and 92 % of the estimated species in the site were recorded. Considering the disturbed nature of the majority of the site and the time spent sampling and searching the wetland vegetation, the survey effort was considered to be adequate to prepare a representative species inventory.

Emerge quadrats Trendline

30 Species countSpecies 20

0 12345678910111213141516171819202122 Samples

Plate 5: Species accumulation curve derived from sample data (y = 15.951ln(x) + 16.553 R² = 0.9987).

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5 Discussion

The vegetation within the site has been subject to past disturbance and is largely in degraded to good condition. Over half of the site consists of Port Kennedy Drive and cleared areas adjacent which are dominated by non-native vegetation. Much of the remaining native vegetation comprises regrowth from clearing that occurred for the construction of Port Kennedy Drive in 1995 (ArMs and JfAsBd communities). Plant community BjFnLg appears to have remained relatively intact throughout this previous disturbance and to have been protected with additional fencing.

The most intact native vegetation exists to the south of Port Kennedy Drive where the BjFnLg plant community is present in two small pockets. This vegetation was determined to represent FCT 19 which consists of sedgelands in Holocene dune swales. These pockets of BjFnLg vegetation were in very good condition. An additional area of this community was also present in the north eastern portion of the site, this was a very small area and had higher weed loads than the other two areas, and thus was in good condition.

Plant community ArMs is the most dominant native community within the site (covering 40% of the sites area) and was largely in degraded or good condition. This community was located largely to the south of Port Kennedy Drive, extending along most of the road reserve. Much of this community is considered to be regrowth based on a review of historical aerials. However, it is relatively intact, with numerous native shrubs, forbs and grasses present forming vegetation strata. The Priority 4 flora species, Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora was noted to commonly occur in this community.

Plant community JfAsBd was not compared to the regional data owing to its degraded condition, and the presence of large woody weed species such as *Leptospermum laevigatum. The area of this community was cleared during the construction of the original Port Kennedy Drive, has an altered landform (forming a low roadside swale) and has been recolonised by a mixed assemblage of native coastal species and introduced species. It was separated from the adjacent areas of plant community ArMs by the absence of an Acacia rostellifera thicket, despite the presence of similar understorey species.

5.1 Threatened and priority flora

Priority 4 species, Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora was found to commonly occur within plant community ArMs. No other threatened or priority flora species were recorded within the site. The absence of the larger perennial species such as Acacia benthamii, Dillwynia dillwynioides and Jacksonia sericea was relatively easy to confirm. However, due to their size, smaller geophytic and annual species such as Stylidium longitubum and Schoenus capillifolius can be more difficult to detect.

Considerable search effort was applied to locate these species within the site, with multiple visits within the main flowering period (September and October). A particular focus was applied within the small areas of likely habitat in plant community BjFnLg. As other annuals and geophytes were recorded during the survey, including relatively common species (e.g. Caladenia latifolia and Daucus glochidiatus), the search effort applied was considered sufficient to have detected these species if

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they were present. Therefore it is considered that further threatened and priority flora species are unlikely to occur within the site.

5.2 Vegetation Condition

Assigning condition using a categorical scale is always most difficult when vegetation qualities are close to the boundary between two categories. Categorical schemes may also invariably yield different results when applied by different assessors, because of differences in skill levels or personal bias.

The vegetation within the site has been subject to considerable historical disturbances, including partial clearing for the construction of the original extent of Port Kennedy Drive in 1995. Due to the presence of intact native vegetation to the north and south of the site, much of the previously disturbed road reserve area has been recolonised by local native species. However, weed species are common both within the mapped plant communities and in cleared areas. Whilst some areas of plant community ArMs as currently distributed were largely cleared approximately 20 years ago, the recolonisation by thickets of Acacia rostellifera as the dominant shrub layer, with a number of native lower shrub and understorey species present, including C. pauciflora subsp. pauciflora (P4). Plant community ArMs was considered to be in good condition where native understorey species were present in moderate densities, despite high weed loads. Those areas in which these native understorey species are missing were considered to be in degraded condition. This includes the area of plant community JfAsBd, which has an altered landform alongside Port Kennedy Drive and been colonised by a mix of both native and weed species, including a number of large woody weeds.

Plant community BjFnLg was in good and very good condition due to high densities of native sedge species and some native forbs, with reduced weed cover.

Because of the fine scale at which condition was mapped, the results can be considered to provide a high degree of certainty regarding the condition of vegetation present.

5.3 Threatened and priority ecological communities

Identifying the BjFnLg plant community within the site as comprising the Holocene dune swales TEC was relatively straightforward. The BjFnLg vegetation within the site occurs in small, local depressions and consists of a dense sedgeland. The primer analysis indicated its similarity to local examples of this TEC known to occur within the Warnbro Sound Drive Bush Forever site. Both FCT 19a (sedgeland) and 19b (woodland over sedgeland) were located within the site. However there were indications that the area of FCT 19a (lacking an overstorey woodland layer) once contained Melaleuca sp., due to the presence of a small dead paperbark trunk. All three locations of this community extend out of the site boundary, these additional areas were not assessed and are likely to contain additional native species and are likely to be in better condition than the areas within the site, owing to the increased distance from the road.

The sedgelands in Holocene dune swales TEC is listed as critically endangered due to its highly limited distribution, owing to its specific landform and water regime requirements as detailed within the interim recovery plan (DEC 2011). As of 2011, the TEC was thought to cover approximately 193 ha, almost all of which is located within linear wetland depressions located between parallel sand dune

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ridges of the Rockingham-Becher Plain (DEC 2011). The areas of plant community BjFnLg contribute approximately 0.11 ha to the TECs wider distribution. The occurrences to the south and west of the site within Bush Forever sites 356 and 377 are likely to remain in perpetuity. The lot to the north east of the site also appears to contain numerous additional occurrences of the TEC. However, this land is not included within a Bush Forever site or other reserve system, thus its future status (and the TEC occurrences within it) is unknown.

Plant community ArMs was considered to represent the state listed PEC ‘Acacia shrublands on taller dunes’ based on the comparison to the Gibson et al. (1994) dataset. Areas of this FCT are likely to extend to the north and south of the site boundary and are well represented in the wider local area.

5.4 Wetlands

The mapped geomorphic wetlands intersecting with the site boundary (as shown in Figure 2) were not considered to be accurately mapped. CCW UFI No. 6244 was the only mapped wetland that accurately covers the Holocene dune swale TEC. CCW UFI No. 6235 is mapped close to the west and north of the two eastern areas of plant community BjFnLg that would represent wetlands. The mapped area consists of dryland vegetation comprising plant community ArMs extended out of the site boundary. CCW UFI No. 6246 is mapped directly adjacent to the south western portion of the site, this area is a west facing dune slope and consists of Acacia rostellifera dominated vegetation thus is not likely to represent a CCW. The mapped wetlands and the correlation with the extent of the Holocene dune swales are shown on Figure 7.

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6 Conclusions

The majority of vegetation within the site has been subject to historical disturbance. Approximately 4.93 ha of the site contains cleared land or completely degraded, non-native vegetation. The remaining 3.79 ha of the site includes native vegetation that is present in predominantly degraded (2.55 ha) or degraded to good (0.63 ha) condition. However, the site contains approximately 0.61 ha of relatively intact native vegetation in good and very good condition.

Approximately 146 individuals of the priority flora species Conostylis paucilfora subsp. pauciflora (P4) were recorded occurring throughout numerous patches of plant community ArMs. No other threatened or priority flora species were recorded or are considered likely to occur within the site.

The site contains three small patches of the State and EPBC Act listed sedgelands in Holocene dune swales TEC. These patches are located on the periphery of the site and extend further outside of the site boundaries. Within the site they include 0.11 ha of BjFnLg vegetation in very good condition and 0.0013 ha of BjFnLg vegetation in good condition. Plant community ArMs represents the State listed PEC ‘Acacia shrublands on taller dunes’. Within the site this community covers 3.5 ha and is in degraded to good condition.

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7 References

7.1 General references

Alan Tingay and Associates 1998, A Strategic Plan for Perth's Greenways - Final Report, Report prepared by Alan Tingay and Associates, Perth.

Beard, J. S. 1990, Plant Life of Western Australia, Kangaroo Press Pty Ltd., Kenthurst, N.S.W.

Beard, J. S., Beeston, G. R., Harvey, J. M., Hopkins, A. J. M. and Shepherd, D. P. 2013, The vegetation of Western Australia at the 1:3,000,000 scale. Explanatory memoir. Second edition., Conservation Science Western Australia, 9: 1-152.

Clarke, K. R. and Gorley, R. N. 2006, PRIMER v6: User Manual/Tutorial, PRIMER-E, Plymouth.

Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) 2007, Protocol for proposing modifications to the ‘Geomorphic Wetlands Swan Coastal Plain’ dataset, Department of Environment and Conservation, Perth

Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) 2011, Interim Recovery Plan 2011-2016 for Segdelands in Holocene dune swales., Department of Environment and Conservation, Perth.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) 2013, A methodology for the evaluation of specific wetland types on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia Government of Western Australia, Perth.

Environment Australia 2000, Revision of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) and Development of Version 5.1 - Summary Report, Department of Environment and Heritage, Canberra.

Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) 2006, Guidance Statement No. 10. Level of Assessment for Proposals Affecting Natural Areas Within the System 6 Region and Swan Coastal Plain Portion of the System 1 Region, Environmental Protection Authority, Perth.

Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) 2016, Technical Guidance - Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Protection Authority, Western Australia.

ESCAVI 2003, Australian Vegetation Attribute Manual: National Vegetation Information System, Version 6.0, Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra.

Gibson, N., Keighery, B., Keighery, G., Burbidge, A. and Lyons, M. 1994, A Floristic survey of the southern Swan Coastal Plain, Department of Conservation and Land Management and the Conservation Council of Western Australia, Perth.

Gotelli, N. J. and Colwell, R. K. 2011, Estimating species richness, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Government of WA 2000, Bush Forever - Volume 1: Policies, principles and processes, Government of Western Australia, Perth.

Government of Western Australia 2015, 2015 Statewide Vegetation Statistics incorporating the CAR Reserve Analysis (Full Report). Current as of May 2016, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth.

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Hill, A. L., Semeniuk, C. A., Semeniuk, V. and Del Marco, A. 1996, Wetlands of the Swan Coastal Plain: Volume 2A - Wetland Mapping, Classification and Evaluation, Water and Rivers Commission and the Department of Environmental Protection, Perth.

Keighery, B. 1994, Bushland Plant Survey: A guide to plant community survey for the community, Wildflower Society of WA (Inc), Nedlands.

Keighery, B. J., Keighery, G. J., Longman, V. M. and Clarke, K. A. 2012, Weed and Native Flora Data for the Swan Coastal Plain, Data compiled for the Departments of Environmental Protection and Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia.

Kendrick, G. W., Wyrwoll, K. H. and Szabo, B. J. 1991, Pliocene-Pleistocene coastal events and history along the western margin of Australia, Quaternary Science Reviews, 10: 419-439.

Kent, M. and Coker, P. 1994, Vegetation description and analysis: A practical approach, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

Miles, C. 2001, NSW Murray Catchment Biodiversity Action Plan, Nature Conservation Working Group Inc, Albury, New South Wales.

Molloy, S., Wood, J., Hall, S., Wallrodt, S. and Whisson, G. 2009, South West Regional Ecological Linkages Technical Report, Western Australian Local Government Association and Department of Environment and Conservation, Perth.

Seddon, G. 2004, A Sense of Place: a response to an environment, the Swan Coastal Plain Western Australia, Blooming Books, Melbourne.

Semeniuk, C. A. 1987, Wetlands of the Darling System - a geomorphic approach to habitat classification, Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 69: 95-112.

Semeniuk, C. A. 1988, Consanguineous wetlands and their distribution in the Darling System, Southwestern Australia, Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 70(3): 69-87.

Western Australian Local Government Association and Perth Biodiversity Project (WALGA and PBP) 2004, Local Government Biodiversity Planning Guidelines for the Perth Metropolitan Region, Perth.

Wetlands Advisory Committee 1977, The status of reserves in System Six, Environmental Protection Authority, Perth.

7.2 Online references

Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) 2017, Climate Averages, viewed 28th September 2017, . Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions (DBCA) 2017, NatureMap, viewed 28th September 2017 < https://naturemap.dbca.wa.gov.au/>.

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Department of the Environment and Energy (DoEE) 2017, Protected Matters Search Tool, viewed 28th September 2017 . Department of the Environment and Energy(DoEE) 2017b, Threatened Ecological Communities, viewed 4th September 2017 . Department of the Environment (DoEE) 2017c, Species Profile and Threats Database, viewed 4th September 2017 West Australian Land Information Authority (WALIA) 2017, Landgate Map Viewer, viewed 3rd September 2017, .

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Figures

Figure 1: Site Location

Figure 2: Wetland Features

Figure 3: Environmental Features

Figure 4: Plant Communities

Figure 5: Priority Flora Locations

Figure 6: Vegetation Condition

Figure 7: Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities

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Appendix A Additional Background Information

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Conservation Significant Flora and Vegetation

Threatened and priority flora

Flora species considered rare or under threat warrant special protection under Commonwealth and/or State legislation. At the Commonwealth level, flora species can be listed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). Flora species can be considered ‘threatened’ pursuant to Schedule 1 of the EPBC Act and listed as either ‘critically endangered’ (CE), ’endangered’ (E) or ‘vulnerable’ (V).

In Western Australia, plant species may be classed ‘threatened’ or ‘priority’ under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WC Act), enforced by Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions (DBCA). Priority flora species are potentially rare or threatened and are classified in order of threat. Threatened and priority flora category definitions are listed in Table 1. Threatened flora species are gazetted under subsection 2 of section 23F of the WC Act and therefore it is an offence to “take” or damage rare flora without Ministerial approval. Section 23F of the Act defines “to take” as “… to gather, pluck, cut, pull up, destroy, dig up, remove or injure the flora to cause or permit the same to be done by any means”.

Table 1: Definition of threatened and priority flora species under the WC Act (Smith 2010).

Conservation Code Category

T Threatened Flora – Extant Taxa Taxa which have been adequately searched for and are deemed to be in the wild either rare, in danger of extinction, or otherwise in need of special protection, and have been gazetted as such.

X Threatened Flora – Presumed Extinct Taxa Taxa which have not been collected, or otherwise verified, over the past 50 years despite thorough searching, or of which all known wild populations have been destroyed more recently, and have been gazetted as such.

P1 Priority One – Poorly Known Taxa Taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) populations which are under threat, either due to small population size, or being on lands under immediate threat e.g. road verges, urban areas, farmland, active mineral leases etc., or the plants are under threat, e.g. from disease, grazing by feral animals etc. May include taxa with threatened populations on protected lands. Such taxa are under consideration for declaration as ‘rare flora’, but are in urgent need of further survey.

P2 Priority Two – Poorly Known Taxa Taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) populations, at least some of which are not believed to be under immediate threat (i.e. not currently endangered). Such taxa are under consideration for declaration as ‘rare flora’, but urgently need further survey.

P3 Priority Three – Poorly Known Taxa Taxa which are known from several populations, and the taxa are not believed to be under immediate threat (i.e. not currently endangered), either due to the number of known populations (generally >5), or known populations being large, and either widespread or protected. Such taxa are under consideration for declaration as ‘rare flora’ but needs further survey.

P4 Priority Four – Rare Taxa Taxa which are considered to have been adequately surveyed and which, whilst being rare (in Australia), are not currently threatened by any identifiable factors. These taxa require monitoring every 5-10 years.

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Note that the WC Act is expected to be repealed some time in 2017 and will be replaced by the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (BC Act). The BC Act includes updated provisions for the management of threatened flora along with increased penalties and requirements for reporting, management programmes and recovery plans. The BC Act was only recently granted Royal assent on 21 September 2016. Currently, most of the provisions of the BC Act have not come into effect and until they do, the WC Act will continue to guide the management of threatened flora in Western Australia.

Threatened and priority ecological communities

‘Threatened ecological communities’ (TECs) are recognised as ecological communities that are rare or under threat and therefore warrant special protection. Selected TECs are afforded statutory protection at a Commonwealth level under section 181 of the EPBC Act. TECs nominated for listing under the EPBC Act are considered by the Threatened Species Scientific Committee and a final decision is made by the Minister of the Environment. Once listed under the EPBC Act, communities are categorised as either ‘critically endangered’, ‘endangered’ or ‘vulnerable’. Any action likely to have a significant impact on a community listed under the EPBC Act requires approval from the Commonwealth Minister for the Environment.

Within Western Australia TECs are determined by the Western Australian Threatened Ecological Communities Scientific Advisory Committee (WATECSAC) and endorsed by the Minister for the Environment. The WATECSAC is an independent group comprised of representatives from organizations including tertiary institutions, the Western Australian Museum and DBCA. TECs are assigned to one of the categories outlined in Table 2 according to their status (in relation to the level of threat). Currently TECs are not afforded direct statutory protection at a state level and their significance is acknowledged through other state environmental approval processes such as ‘environmental impact assessment’ pursuant to Part IV of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act) and the Environmental Protection (Clearing of Native Vegetation) Regulations 2004.

Table 2: Categories of threatened ecological communities (English and Blyth 1997; DEC 2009a).

Conservation category Description

PD Presumably Totally Destroyed An ecological community that has been adequately searched for but for which no representative occurrences have been located.

CE Critically Endangered An ecological community that has been adequately surveyed and is found to be facing an extremely high risk of total destruction in the immediate future.

E Endangered An ecological community that has been adequately surveyed and is not critically endangered but is facing a very high risk of total destruction in the near future.

V Vulnerable An ecological community that has been adequately surveyed and is not critically endangered or endangered but is facing a high risk of total destruction or significant modification in the medium to long-term future.

In addition to listing as a TEC, a plant community may be listed as a ‘priority ecological community’ (PEC). This is an ecological community that is under consideration for listing as a TEC, but does not

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yet meet survey criteria or has not been adequately defined. PECs are categorised as priority category 1, 2 or 3 (these are described in Table 3). Ecological communities that are adequately known and are rare but not threatened, or meet criteria for ‘near threatened’, or that have been recently removed from the threatened list, are placed in ‘priority 4’. These ecological communities require regular monitoring. Conservation dependent ecological communities are placed in ‘priority 5’ (DEC 2009a).

Table 3: Categories of priority ecological communities (DEC 2009a).

Priority categories Description

P1 Priority One Ecological communities with apparently few, small occurrences, all or most not actively managed for conservation (e.g. within agricultural or pastoral lands, urban areas, active mineral leases) and for which current threats exist. Communities may be included if they are comparatively well-known from one or more localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements, and/or are not well defined, and appear to be under immediate threat from known threatening processes across their range.

P2 Priority Two Communities that are known from few small occurrences, all or most of which are actively managed for conservation (e.g. within national parks, conservation parks, nature reserves, State forest, unallocated Crown land, water reserves, etc.) and not under imminent threat of destruction or degradation. Communities may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements, and/or are not well defined, and appear to be under threat from known threatening processes.

P3 Priority Three Communities that are known from several to many occurrences, a significant number or area of which are not under threat of habitat destruction or degradation or: (i) communities known from a few widespread occurrences, which are either large or within significant remaining areas of habitat in which other occurrences may occur, much of it not under imminent threat, or; (ii) communities made up of large, and/or widespread occurrences, that may or not be represented in the reserve system, but are under threat of modification across much of their range from processes such as grazing by domestic and/or feral stock, and inappropriate fire regimes. Communities may be included if they are comparatively well known from several localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and/or are not well defined, and known threatening processes exist that could affect them.

P4 Priority Four Ecological communities that are adequately known, rare but not threatened or meet criteria for Near Threatened or that have been recently removed from the threatened list. These communities require regular monitoring.

P5 Priority Five Ecological communities that are not threatened but are subject to a specific conservation program, the cessation of which would result in the community becoming threatened within five years.

Note the BC Act, previously introduced in Section 1, does include provisions for the management of TECs, as well as, penalties for impacting TECS and requirements for reporting, management programmes and recovery plans. The provisions of the BC Act relating to TECs have not yet come into effect and until they do the management of TECs will continue to be guided by existing environmental approval processes.

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Weeds

A number of legislative and policy documents exist in relation to weed management at state and national levels. The Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (BAM Act) is the principle legislation guiding weed management in Western Australia and lists declared pest species. At a national level, the Australian government has compiled a list of 32 Weeds of National Significance (WoNS), of which many are also listed under the BAM Act.

Declared Pests

Part 2.3.23 of the BAM Act requires a person must not; “a) keep, breed or cultivate the declared pest; b) keep, breed or cultivate an animal, plant or other thing that is infected or infested with the declared pest; c) release into the environment the declared pest, or an animal, plant or other thing that is infected or infested with the declared pest; or d) intentionally infect or infest, or expose to infection or infestation, a plant, animal or other thing with a declared pest”.

Under the BAM Act, all declared pests are placed in one of three categories, namely C1 (exclusion), C2 (eradication) or C3 (management). These categories are described further in Table 4. The Western Australian Organism List (WAOL) provides the status of organisms which have been categorised under the BAM Act (DAFWA 2016).

Table 4: Categories of declared pest species under the BAM Act (DAFWA 2016).

Category Description

C1 Exclusion Not established in Western Australia and control measures are to be taken, including border checks, in order to prevent them entering and establishing in the State.

C2 Eradication Present in Western Australia in low enough numbers or in sufficiently limited areas that their eradication is still a possibility.

C3 Management Established in Western Australia but it is feasible, or desirable, to manage them in order to limit their damage. Control measures can prevent a C3 pest from increasing in population size or density or moving from an area in which it is established into an area which currently is free of that pest.

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Wetland Habitat

Geomorphic wetland types

The geomorphic wetland classification system of Semeniuk (1987) is a recognised classification system for the south west of Western Australia. The Semeniuk system uses the landform shape and water permanence (hydro-period) to categorise wetlands as described in Table 5.

Table 5: Wetland types defined within the global geomorphic classification system (DEC 2009b).

- Basin Flat Channel Slope

Permanently inundated Lake - River -

Seasonally inundated Sumpland Floodplain Creek -

Seasonally waterlogged Dampland Palusplain - Paluslope

Wetland management categories

DBCA maintains the Geomorphic Wetland of the Swan Coastal Plain dataset, which also categorises individual wetlands into specific management categories as described in Table 6.

Table 6: Geomorphic Wetlands of the Swan Coastal Plain management categories (Hill et al. 1996).

Management category Description of Management objectives wetland

The management categories of wetlands are determined based on hydrological, biological and human use features. This dynamic dataset is continually updated with site-specific wetland surveys providing new and relevant information. The guidelines for proposing changes to the wetland boundaries and management categories state that relevant information should be obtained in the optimal season for vegetation condition and water levels, which is usually spring (DEC 2009b). Each classified wetland listed in the Geomorphic Wetland of the Swan Coastal Plain dataset is given a ‘unique feature identifier’ (UFI). However in the case of larger wetlands that have undergone a degree of disturbance, a separate management category may be assigned to parts of the wetland in order to reflect the current values.

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References

General references

Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) 2009a, Definitions, Categories and Criteria for Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities, Department of Environment and Conservation, Perth. Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) 2009b, Protocol for proposing modifications to the Geomorphic Wetlands Swan Coastal Plain dataset, Department of Conservation and Environment, Perth. English, V. and Blyth, J. 1997, Identifying and Conserving Threatened Ecological Communities in the South West Botanical Province, ANCA National Reserves System Cooperative Program, Project Number N702, Perth. Hill, A. L., Semeniuk, C. A., Semeniuk, V. and Del Marco, A. 1996, Wetlands of the Swan Coastal Plain: Volume 2A - Wetland Mapping, Classification and Evaluation, Water and Rivers Commission and the Department of Environmental Protection, Perth. Semeniuk, C. A. 1987, Wetlands of the Darling System - a geomorphic approach to habitat classification, Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 69: 95- 112. Smith, M. G. 2010, Declared Rare and Priority Lists for Western Australia, Department of Environment and Conservation, Como.

Online references

Department of Agriculture and Food (DAFWA) 2016, The Western Australian Organism List (WAOL),

Appendix B Species List

Flora Species List - Port Kennedy Drive Road Reserve Note: * denotes introduced taxa and P4 denotes Priority 4 status. Family Species Anacardiaceae * Schinus terebinthifolius

Apiaceae Centella asiatica Daucus glochidiatus Trachymene pilosa

Araucariaceae * Araucaria heterophylla Acanthocarpus preissii Lomandra maritima

Asphodelaceae * Trachyandra divaricata

Asteraceae * Arctotheca calendula * Dittrichia graveolens Olearia axillaris Senecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius * Sonchus oleraceus

Brassicaceae * Brassica tournefortii

Campanulaceae Lobelia anceps

Caprifoliaceae * Scabiosa atropurpurea

Chenopodiaceae Rhagodia baccata subsp. baccata

Crassulaceae * Crassula glomerata

Cyperaceae Baumea juncea * Cyperus congesta Ficinia nodosa Lepidosperma calcicola Lepidosperma gladiatum Schoenus grandiflora

Ericaceae Leucopogon parviflorus

Euphorbiaceae * Euphorbia terracina

Fabaceae Acacia cochlearis Acacia lasiocarpa Acacia rostellifera Acacia saligna Hardenbergia comptoniana Jacksonia furcellata Kennedia prostrata * Lotus subbiflorus

Page 1 Flora Species List - Port Kennedy Drive Road Reserve Note: * denotes introduced taxa and P4 denotes Priority 4 status. Family Species

Geraniaceae Erodium cicutarium * Pelargonium capitatum

Goodeniaceae Scaevola anchusifolia

Haemodoraceae P4 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora

Hemerocallidaceae Dianella revoluta

Iridaceae * Iridiaceae sp. * Romulea rosea Lamiaceae Hemiandra pungens

Moraceae * Ficus carica

Myrtaceae Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus decipiens Eucalyptus rudis * Leptospermum laevigatum Melaleuca rhaphiophylla Melaleuca systena

Oleaceae * Olea europaea

Onagraceae * Oenothera drummondii

Orchidaceae Caladenia latifolia

Oxalidaceae * Oxalis pes-caprae

Papaveraceae * Fumaria capreolata

Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus calycinus

Plantaginaceae * Plantago lanceolata

Poaceae * Cynodon dactylon Austrostipa flavescens * Bromus diandrus * Ehrharta calycina * Ehrharta longifolia * Eragrostis curvula * Lagurus ovatus * Lolium rigidum Poa poiformis Poa porphyroclados

Page 2 Flora Species List - Port Kennedy Drive Road Reserve Note: * denotes introduced taxa and P4 denotes Priority 4 status. Family Species * Poaceae sp.

Polygonaceae Muehlenbeckia adpressa

Primulaceae * Lysimachia arvensis

Proteaceae Hakea prostrata

Ranunculaceae Clematis linearifolia

Restionaceae Desmocladus asper

Rhamnaceae Spyridium globulosum

Rubiaceae Opercularia vaginata

Rutaceae Diplolaena dampieri

Xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea preissii

Page 3 Flora Species List by Plant Community - Port Kennedy Drive Road Reserve Note: * denotes introduced taxa and P4 denotes Priority 4 status. Plant Community Species ArMs BjFnLg JfAsBd Cleared Acacia cochlearis XX Acacia lasiocarpa X Acacia rostellifera XX X Acacia saligna XXXX Acanthocarpus preissii XX * Araucaria heterophylla X * Arctotheca calendula X Austrostipa flavescens XXX Baumea juncea X * Brassica tournefortii XX * Bromus diandrus XXXX Caladenia latifolia X Centella asiatica X Clematis linearifolia XX P4 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora X * Crassula glomerata XXX * Cynodon dactylon XXX * Cyperus congesta X Daucus glochidiatus X Desmocladus asper X Dianella revoluta XX Diplolaena dampieri X * Dittrichia graveolens XX * Ehrharta calycina XX X * Ehrharta longifolia XX X * Eragrostis curvula XXX * Erodium cicutarium XX * Eucalyptus camaldulensis X Eucalyptus decipiens XX Eucalyptus rudis X * Euphorbia terracina XXX Ficinia nodosa X * Ficus carica X * Fumaria capreolata XX Hakea prostrata XX Hardenbergia comptoniana XX Hemiandra pungens XX * Iridiaceae sp. X Jacksonia furcellata XXX Kennedia prostrata X * Lagurus ovatus XXXX Lepidosperma calcicola XXX Lepidosperma gladiatum XX * Leptospermum laevigatum XX Leucopogon parviflorus X Lobelia anceps X

Page 1 Flora Species List by Plant Community - Port Kennedy Drive Road Reserve Note: * denotes introduced taxa and P4 denotes Priority 4 status. Plant Community Species ArMs BjFnLg JfAsBd Cleared * Lolium rigidum XXX Lomandra maritima XX * Lotus subbiflorus XX * Lysimachia arvensis XX X Melaleuca rhaphiophylla X Melaleuca systena XX Muehlenbeckia adpressa X * Oenothera drummondii X * Olea europaea X Olearia axillaris XX Opercularia vaginata XX * Oxalis pes-caprae XX * Pelargonium capitatum XXXX Phyllanthus calycinus XX * Plantago lanceolata XX Poa poiformis X Poa porphyroclados XX * Poaceae sp. X X Rhagodia baccata subsp. baccata XX * Romulea rosea XX X * Scabiosa atropurpurea XXXX Scaevola anchusifolia X * Schinus terebinthifolius XX Schoenus grandiflora X Senecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius XXXX * Sonchus oleraceus XX Spyridium globulosum X * Trachyandra divaricata XXXX Trachymene pilosa X Xanthorrhoea preissii X

Page 2

Appendix C Sample Data

Site Details Project ID. EP17-084 Site name Port Kennedy Drive Date 26/09/2017 Time Recorder SKP Survey type Spring Sampl. unit Quadrat Permanent N Geographic and habitat data - GDA 94 MGA 50 Plot ID. 1 Easting: 383687 Northing 6417708 Altitude 32 Photo No. 4-Aug Photo dir. all Slope 5 degrees Aspect N Landform small sand dune Hydrology slightly damp Soil type sand with organic matter Soil col. dark brown Subsoil lighter brown Disturbance Weeds, adj to road. Snails Time since disturbance ongoing Time since fire >5 years Notes: High weed cover (c. 50-60%). Grasses Abiotic/detrital components % Cover predominant Surf. rock NA Bground. Litter 1 Litter 2 Flora Species: ID. No. Life stg. No. indv. Av. Ht. % Cover Acacia rostellifera 60 Melaleuca systena 10 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 2 Lepidosperma calcicola 4 Dianella revoluta 1 Lomandra maritima 0.5 Clematis linearifolia 0.5 Acacia lasiocarpa opp Erodium cicutarium 1 Austrostipa flavescens 4 Ehrharta longifolia 20 Bromus diandrus 30 Lolium rigidum 5 Scabiosa atropurpurea 3 Euphorbia terracina 3 Lagurus ovatus 2 Trachyandra divaricata 3 Sonchus oleraceus 1 Pelargonium capitatum 1 Schinus terebinthifolius 0.5 Dittrichia graveolens opp Phyllanthus calycinus opp Acacia saligna opp Senecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius opp Kennedia prostrata opp Jacksonia furcellata opp Hardenbergia comptoniana opp Jacksonia furcellata opp Poa poiformis opp Sonchus oleraceus opp Acacia rostellifera opp Arctotheca calendula opp Oenothera drummondii opp NVIS Canopy stratum Major species and other observations Av.Ht % Cover U1- Upper U2- Sub-canopy U3- Lower tree M1- Tall shrub M1- Mid shrub M1- Low shrub G1 - Tall ground G - Ground G3- Low ground Vegetation description Condition Shrubland Acacia rostellifera over low open shrubland M. systena over open forbland Lepidosperma sp. and Conostylis pauc and closed grassland D-G. structure intact Austrostipa flavescens and weed species but altered. High weed cover, reduced u/s species Site Details Project ID. EP17-084 Site name Port Kennedy Drive Date 26/09/2017 Time Recorder SKP Survey type Spring Sampl. unitQuadrat Permanent N Geographic and habitat data - GDA 94 MGA 50 Plot ID. 2 Easting: 383851 Northing 6417803 Altitude 2 Photo No. 40-42 Photo dir. E Slope 5-10 deg Aspect SE Landform edge of depression (dampland) Hydrology moist Soil type Moist sandy/loam? Soil col. dark brown Subsoil Disturbance weeds. Some dead sedges Time since disturbance ongoing Time since fire >5 years Notes:Weeds 10% cover. W edge of dampland Abiotic/detrital components % Cover Surf. rock Bground. Litter 1 dead sedges 30 Litter 2 Flora Species: ID. No. Life stg. No. indv. Av. Ht. % Cover Acacia rostellifera 10 Acacia saligna 5 Olearia axillaris 5 Baumea juncea 70 Ficinia nodosa 20 Lepidosperma gladiatum 5 Clematis linearifolia 10 Xanthorrhoea preissii 2 Trachymene pilosa 0.5 Austrostipa flavescens 3 Dittrichia graveolens 10 Euphorbia terracina 2 Pelargonium capitatum 1 Lagurus ovatus 2 Poa porphyroclados 1 Scabiosa atropurpurea 1 Trachyandra divaricata 1 Eragrostis curvula 2 Bromus diandrus 5 Cyperus congesta 1 Romulea rosea 1 Scaevola anchusifolia opp Hakea prostrata opp ADDITIONALS 30/10 Lobelia anceps 4 Centella asiatica 2

NVIS Canopy stratum Major species and other observations Av.Ht % Cover U1- Upper U2- Sub-canopy U3- Lower tree M1- Tall shrub M1- Mid shrub M1- Low shrub G1 - Tall ground G - Ground G3- Low ground Vegetation description Condition Sedgeland of Baumea juncea, Ficinia nodosa and Lepidosperma gladiatum and open vineland Clematis. Surrounded by low Acacia shrubland. VG. Edges degraded- good Site Details Project ID. EP17-084 Site name Port Kennedy Drive Date 26/09/2017 Time Recorder SKP Survey type Spring Sampl. unit Quadrat Permanent N Geographic and habitat data - GDA 94 MGA 50 Plot ID. 3 Easting: 383884 Northing 6417842 Altitude 3 Photo No. 40- Photo dir. Slope slight Aspect N Landform depression (beside road) Hydrology dry Soil type Sand Soil col. light br/yel Subsoil col. Disturbance prev clearing, altered landform, weeds, Time since disturbance ongoing white snails Time since fire >5 years Notes: Moderate weeds Abiotic/detrital components % Cover Surf. rock Bground. 25% Litter 1 Litter 2 Flora Species: ID. No. Life stg. No. indv. Av. Ht. % Cover Leptospermum laevigatum 5 Jacksonia furcellata 30 Acacia saligna 5 Lepidosperma calcicola 3 Opercularia vaginata 1 Cynodon dactylon 5 Senecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius 4 Trachyandra divaricata 3 Bromus diandrus 10 Euphorbia terracina 4 Pelargonium capitatum 3 Rhagodia baccata subsp. baccata 0.5 Lotus subbiflorus 0.5 Scabiosa atropurpurea 2 Lagurus ovatus 4 Crassula glomerata 1 Eragrostis curvula 4 Hemiandra pungens 3 Austrostipa flavescens 2 Lomandra maritima 1 Lolium rigidum 5 Melaleuca systena 1 Acacia saligna 1 Dianella revoluta 0.5 Olearia axillaris 0.5 Olea europaea opp.

NVIS Canopy stratum Major species and other observations Av.Ht % Cover U1- Upper U2- Sub-canopy U3- Lower tree M1- Tall shrub M1- Mid shrub M1- Low shrub G1 - Tall ground G - Ground G3- Low ground Vegetation description Condition Jacksonia furcellata and Lepto laev open shrubland over mixed sedges, forbs and weeds D Site Details Project ID. EP17-084 Site name Port Kennedy Drive Date 26/09/2017 Time 12:00 Recorder SKP Survey type Spring Sampl. unit Quadrat Permanent N Geographic and habitat data - GDA 94 MGA 50 Plot ID. 4 Easting: 383998 Northing 6417904 Altitude 6 Photo No. Photo dir. Slope 15 degrees Aspect N Landform slope (dune) Hydrology dry Soil type sand Soil col. light cream light brown Disturbance weeds, previous clearing, snails Time since disturbance ongoing Time since fire >5 years Notes: Abiotic/detrital components % Cover Surf. rock Bground. Litter 1 Litter 2 Flora Species: ID. No. Life stg. No. indv. Av. Ht. % Cover Acacia rostellifera 50 Acacia saligna 10 Jacksonia furcellata 10 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 3 Melaleuca systena 3 Clematis linearifolia 2 Phyllanthus calycinus 2 Lepidosperma calcicola 2 Pelargonium capitatum 3 Trachyandra divaricata 4 Senecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius 2 Bromus diandrus 20 Austrostipa flavescens 10 Lolium rigidum 10 Ehrharta longifolia 10 Euphorbia terracina 5 Scabiosa atropurpurea 1 Acanthocarpus preissii opp. Leptospermum laevigatum opp.

NVIS Canopy stratum Major species and other observations Av.Ht % Cover U1- Upper U2- Sub-canopy U3- Lower tree M1- Tall shrub M1- Mid shrub M1- Low shrub G1 - Tall ground G - Ground G3- Low ground Vegetation description Condition Acacia shrubland over LS Phyllanthus calycinus, Mel systena over open/sparse forbland conostylis pauc, Lepidosperma and grassland Bromus G Site Details Project ID. EP17-084 Site name Port Kennedy Drive Date 26/09/2017 Time 12:00 Recorder SKP Survey type Spring Sampl. unit Quadrat Permanent N Geographic and habitat data - GDA 94 MGA 50 Plot ID. 5 Easting: 384174 Northing 6418008 Altitude Photo No. Photo dir. Slope - Aspect N Landform dune Hydrology dry Soil type Sand Soil col. light brown Subsoil col. Disturbance snails, weeds Time since disturbance ongoing Time since fire > 5 years Notes: high point on dune Abiotic/detrital components % Cover Surf. rock Bground. Litter 1 Litter 2 Flora Species: ID. No. Life stg. No. indv. Av. Ht. % Cover Acacia rostellifera 20 Acacia rostellifera 30 Acanthocarpus preissii 5 Lomandra maritima 5 Jacksonia furcellata 5 Hardenbergia comptoniana 3 Clematis linearifolia 2 Melaleuca systena 3 Acacia saligna 3 Acacia lasiocarpa 3 Austrostipa flavescens 5 Lolium rigidum 10 Pelargonium capitatum 4 Daucus glochidiatus 0.5 Senecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius 5 Desmocladus asper 1 Lepidosperma calcicola 3 Lysimachia arvensis 0.5 Euphorbia terracina 2 Phyllanthus calycinus 3 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1

NVIS Canopy stratum Major species and other observations Av.Ht % Cover U1- Upper U2- Sub-canopy U3- Lower tree M1- Tall shrub M1- Mid shrub M1- Low shrub G1 - Tall ground G - Ground G3- Low ground Vegetation description Condition Shrubland Acacia spp. Over LS Acanthocarpus, M. systena over forbland Conostylis pauc, Desmocladus asper and Lomandra maritima with grassland weeds G Site Details Project ID. EP17-084 Site name Port Kennedy Drive Date 26/09/2017 Time Recorder SKP Survey type Spring Sampl. unit Quadrat Permanent N Geographic and habitat data - GDA 94 MGA 50 Plot ID. 6 Easting: 384718 Northing 6418163 Altitude Photo No. Photo dir. W Slope 2 deg Aspect NW Landform W slight slope Hydrology dry Soil type sand Soil col. Mid brown Subsoil col. Disturbance Next to track Time since disturbance ongoing Time since fire >5 years Notes: small patch 10m2 Abiotic/detrital components % Cover Surf. rock Bground. Litter 1 Litter 2 Flora Species: ID. No. Life stg. No. indv. Av. Ht. % Cover Lepidosperma gladiatum 90 Acacia rostellifera 4 Clematis linearifolia 4 Oxalis pes-caprae 5 Ehrharta longifolia 3 Fumaria capreolata 2 Senecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius 1 Euphorbia terracina 3 Scabiosa atropurpurea 2 Bromus diandrus 5 Brassica tournefortii 0.5 Plantago lanceolata 0.5

D-G Site Details Project ID. EP17-084 Site name Port Kennedy Drive Date 26/09/2017 Time Recorder SKP Survey type Spring Sampl. unit Quadrat Permanent N Geographic and habitat data - GDA 94 MGA 50 Plot ID. 7 Easting: 384505 Northing 6418201 Altitude Photo No. Photo dir. Slope 5deg Aspect N Landform dune rise Hydrology dry Soil type sand Soil col. light brown Subsoil col. Disturbance weeds, snails Time since disturbance ongoing Time since fire >5 years Notes: Abiotic/detrital components % Cover Surf. rock Bground. 5 Litter 1 Litter 2 Flora Species: ID. No. Life stg. No. indv. Av. Ht. % Cover Acacia rostellifera 20 Acacia rostellifera 40 Lepidosperma gladiatum 10 Acacia saligna 4 Acanthocarpus preissii 4 Clematis linearifolia 6 Austrostipa flavescens 5 Lolium rigidum 5 Senecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius 3 Euphorbia terracina 4 Bromus diandrus 10 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1 Lepidosperma calcicola 4 ?Cynodon dactylon 5 Lysimachia arvensis 0.5

NVIS Canopy stratum Major species and other observations Av.Ht % Cover U1- Upper U2- Sub-canopy U3- Lower tree M1- Tall shrub M1- Mid shrub M1- Low shrub G1 - Tall ground G - Ground G3- Low ground Vegetation description Condition Shrubland Acacia spp and open vineland Clematis lin over Sedgeland lepidosperma gladiatum and Lepidosperma calciola and grassland weeds G Site Details Project ID. EP17-084 Site name Port Kennedy Drive Date 26/09/2017 Time Recorder SKP Survey type Spring Sampl. unit Quadrat Permanent N Geographic and habitat data - GDA 94 MGA 50 Plot ID. 8 Easting: 384549 Northing 6418250 Altitude 10 Photo No. Photo dir. Slope steep Aspect S Landform dune Hydrology dry Soil type sand Soil col. light cream Subsoil col. Disturbance Time since disturbance ongoing Time since fire >5years Notes: Abiotic/detrital components % Cover Surf. rock Bground. Litter 1 Litter 2 Flora Species: ID. No. Life stg. No. indv. Av. Ht. % Cover Acacia rostellifera 25 Acacia lasiocarpa 3 Jacksonia furcellata 5 Acanthocarpus preissii 5 Lepidosperma gladiatum 5 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 3 Phyllanthus calycinus 7 Leucopogon parviflorus 1 Clematis linearifolia 2 Opercularia vaginata 1 Austrostipa flavescens 4 Scabiosa atropurpurea 2 Euphorbia terracina 3 Lagurus ovatus 10 Ehrharta longifolia 4 Bromus diandrus 10 Pelargonium capitatum 2 Romulea rosea 0.5 Lomandra maritima 4 Lepidosperma calcicola 4 Desmocladus asper 2 Schoenus grandiflora opp.

NVIS Canopy stratum Major species and other observations Av.Ht % Cover U1- Upper U2- Sub-canopy U3- Lower tree M1- Tall shrub M1- Mid shrub M1- Low shrub G1 - Tall ground G - Ground G3- Low ground Vegetation description Condition Shrubland Acacia spp. And Jacksonia furcellata over low shrubland Acanthocarpus preissii and Phyllanthus calycinus over forbland Conostylis pauc, Lepido calcicola, Opercularia, Scabiosa, Euphorbia and Grassland lagurus ovatus d-G Site Details Project ID. EP17-084 Site name Port Kennedy Drive Date 26/09/2017 Time Recorder SKP Survey type Spring Sampl. unit Quadrat Permanent N Geographic and habitat data - GDA 94 MGA 50 Plot ID. 9 Easting: 383794 Northing 6417818 Altitude 4.5 Photo No. Photo dir. Slope 5 deg Aspect N Landform Depression on side of the road Hydrology damp Soil type Sand/loam Soil col. dark Subsoil col. Disturbance Edge effects, weeds Time since disturbance ongoing Time since fire >5 years Notes:Edge of site, WP at s most point Abiotic/detrital components % Cover Surf. rock 0 Bground. 0 Litter 1 dead grasses 10 Litter 2 Flora Species: ID. No. Life stg. No. indv. Av. Ht. % Cover Melaleuca rhaphiophylla 20 Xanthorrhoea preissii 5 Baumea juncea 10 Acacia saligna 10 Bromus diandrus 60 Scabiosa atropurpurea 3 Ehrharta longifolia 5 Euphorbia terracina 3 Muehlenbeckia adpressa 4 Lepidosperma calcicola 3 Ficinia nodosa 3 Hakea prostrata opp.

NVIS Canopy stratum Major species and other observations Av.Ht % Cover U1- Upper U2- Sub-canopy U3- Lower tree M1- Tall shrub M1- Mid shrub M1- Low shrub G1 - Tall ground G - Ground G3- Low ground Vegetation description Condition OW Melaleuca rhaphiophylla over sparse shrubland Xanth, Acacia saligna over sedgeland Ficinia and Baumea juncea and grassland Bromus G Site Details Project ID. EP17-084 Site name Port Kennedy Drive Date 26/09/2017 Time Recorder SKP Survey type Spring Sampl. unit Quadrat Permanent N Geographic and habitat data - GDA 94 MGA 50 Plot ID. 10 Easting: 383522 Northing 6417609 Altitude 10 Photo No. Photo dir. Slope Aspect N Landform slope Hydrology dry Soil type sand Soil col. light brown Subsoil col. brown Disturbance weeds, snails Time since disturbance ongoing Time since fire > 5 years Notes: Abiotic/detrital components % Cover Surf. rock Bground. 5 Litter 1 Litter 2 Flora Species: ID. No. Life stg. No. indv. Av. Ht. % Cover Acacia saligna 5 Acacia rostellifera 30 Melaleuca systena 15 Lomandra maritima 5 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 4 Acacia lasiocarpa 3 Hardenbergia comptoniana 3 Acanthocarpus preissii 5 Hemiandra pungens 2 Euphorbia terracina 3 Trachyandra divaricata 3 Pelargonium capitatum 4 Ehrharta longifolia 4 Bromus diandrus 10 Austrostipa flavescens 5 Eucalyptus decipiens 10 Erodium cicutarium 0.5 Romulea rosea 0.5 Crassula glomerata 0.5 Phyllanthus calycinus 1 Lepidosperma calcicola 1 Desmocladus asper 3 Fumaria capreolata 0.5 Spyridium globulosum opp.

NVIS Canopy stratum Major species and other observations Av.Ht % Cover U1- Upper U2- Sub-canopy U3- Lower tree M1- Tall shrub M1- Mid shrub M1- Low shrub G1 - Tall ground G - Ground G3- Low ground Vegetation description Condition Acacia shrubland over lS Melaleuca systena, Acacia lasio, Acanthocarpus preissii and *Pelargonium capitatum over forbland Lomandra maritima and Conostylis pauciflorus G-VG Site Details Project ID. EP17-084 Site name Port Kennedy Drive Date 26/09/2017 Time Recorder SKP Survey type Spring Sampl. unit Quadrat Permanent N Geographic and habitat data - GDA 94 MGA 50 Plot ID. 11 Easting: 383446 Northing 6417568 Altitude 8.75 Photo No. 153-4 Photo dir. S_W Slope 5 deg Aspect S Landform slope, near depression to S Hydrology damp Soil type sand/organic Soil col. mid brown Subsoil col. Disturbance roadside, some weeds Time since disturbance >5 years Time since fire >5 years Notes: Woody weeds - fig Abiotic/detrital components % Cover Surf. rock Bground. 3 Litter 1 Litter 2 Flora Species: ID. No. Life stg. No. indv. Av. Ht. % Cover Eucalyptus decipiens 20 Lepidosperma gladiatum 60 Acanthocarpus preissii 10 Acacia saligna 15 Acacia cochlearis 5 Caladenia latifolia 0.5 Rhagodia baccata subsp. baccata 1 Melaleuca rhaphiophylla 5 Pelargonium capitatum 3 Euphorbia terracina 3 Schinus terebinthifolius 1 Ehrharta longifolia 5 Ehrharta calycina 5 Bromus diandrus 5 Lysimachia arvensis 0.5 Ficus carica opp. Senecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius 2 Trachyandra divaricata 3 Diplolaena dampieri opp.

NVIS Canopy stratum Major species and other observations Av.Ht % Cover U1- Upper U2- Sub-canopy U3- Lower tree M1- Tall shrub M1- Mid shrub M1- Low shrub G1 - Tall ground G - Ground G3- Low ground Vegetation description Condition Open woodland Eucalyptus decipiens (on slope) and Melaleuca rhaphiophylla (down slope) over OS Acanthocarpus, Acacia spp. And Rhagodia baccata over sedgeland Lepidosperma gladiatum and Baumea (slope and flat outside of the site) VG, edges degraded Site Details Project ID. EP17-084 Site name Port Kennedy Drive Date 26/09/2017 Time Recorder SKP Survey type Spring Sampl. unit Quadrat Permanent N Geographic and habitat data - GDA 94 MGA 50 Plot ID. 12 Easting: 383222 Northing 6417415 Altitude 9 Photo No. Photo dir. Slope steep Aspect N Landform flat Hydrology dry Soil type sand Soil col. cream Subsoil col. Disturbance Weeds, snails, prev clearing Time since disturbance ongoing Time since fire >5 years Notes: Abiotic/detrital components % Cover Surf. rock Bground. 20 Litter 1 Litter 2 Flora Species: ID. No. Life stg. No. indv. Av. Ht. % Cover Acacia rostellifera 30 Melaleuca systena 5 Acanthocarpus preissii 5 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 2 Acacia lasiocarpa 3 Acacia saligna 5 Hardenbergia comptoniana 3 Senecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius 3 Trachyandra divaricata 5 Ehrharta calycina 20 Euphorbia terracina 5 Pelargonium capitatum 5 Araucaria heterophylla opp. Eucalyptus rudis opp. Iridiaceae sp. opp. Eucalyptus camaldulensis opp. Poaceae sp. opp.

NVIS Canopy stratum Major species and other observations Av.Ht % Cover U1- Upper U2- Sub-canopy U3- Lower tree M1- Tall shrub M1- Mid shrub M1- Low shrub G1 - Tall ground G - Ground G3- Low ground Vegetation description Condition OS Acacia, M. systena and Pelagonium capitatum over open forbland Senecio, Trachyandra, Euphorbia, Cono pauc and grassland Ehrharta D

Appendix D Priority Flora Locations

Species GPS_WP Easting Northing Elevation Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1935 383772.4 6417772 4.518366 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1936 383772.2 6417771 4.518366 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1937 383772.2 6417772 4.518366 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1938 383772 6417771 4.518366 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1939 383772.4 6417772 7.102061 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1940 383772.8 6417771 7.1025 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1941 383773.8 6417771 7.102555 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1942 383774 6417771 7.102555 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1943 383776.3 6417772 3.721659 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1944 383777.3 6417771 3.812867 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1945 383775.5 6417772 4.861868 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1946 383787.6 6417771 4.49987 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1947 383789.4 6417771 4.499223 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1948 383789.2 6417771 4.49987 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1949 383791 6417771 4.499776 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1950 383794.5 6417772 4.501138 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1951 383794.7 6417771 4.512327 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1952 383794.5 6417772 4.160325 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1953 383795.7 6417773 4.226789 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1954 383796.2 6417774 4.237612 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1955 383796.4 6417774 4.238281 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1956 383796.7 6417774 4.238281 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1957 383797.4 6417775 4.238281 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1958 383797.4 6417775 4.238281 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1959 383797.1 6417775 4.238281 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1960 383797.4 6417775 4.238281 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1961 383797.5 6417775 4.238281 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1962 383798.5 6417775 4.238287 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1963 383798.5 6417775 4.238281 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1964 383798.6 6417775 4.238281 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1965 383798.4 6417775 4.238281 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1966 383798.4 6417775 4.238281 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1967 383798.6 6417776 4.238281 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1968 383798.5 6417776 4.238281 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1969 383798.4 6417776 4.238511 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1970 383798.5 6417776 4.238339 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1971 383797.9 6417776 5.179259 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1972 383803.1 6417778 4.782562 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1973 383804.5 6417779 4.77802 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1974 383806.2 6417780 4.778043 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1975 383810.2 6417787 4.394177 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1976 383810.2 6417787 4.394177 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1977 383810.2 6417787 4.394177 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1978 383811.7 6417794 4.388553 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1979 383806.6 6417792 4.387103 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1980 383806.6 6417792 4.390466 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1981 383806.7 6417792 4.389905 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1982 383806.2 6417790 4.392729 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1983 383805.4 6417790 4.394164 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1984 383805.4 6417789 4.394123 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1985 383805.9 6417789 4.394135 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1986 383806.2 6417789 4.394177 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1987 383806.3 6417789 4.394105 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1988 383806.3 6417789 4.394177 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1989 383805.8 6417790 4.394177 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1990 383805.8 6417791 4.39417 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1991 383805.8 6417791 4.394164 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1992 383815.2 6417800 5.5129 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1993 383813.5 6417794 4.444381 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1995 383837.5 6417811 1.24189 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1996 383845.5 6417819 2.732158 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1997 383862.7 6417814 2.355023 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1998 383862.9 6417814 2.359591 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1999 383862.7 6417814 2.359591 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 2000 383864.5 6417819 4.235638 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 1 383867 6417818 4.235638 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 2 383867.3 6417819 3.723028 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 3 383867 6417822 3.849543 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 4 383869.2 6417823 3.983006 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 5 383868.9 6417824 3.547512 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 6 383870.9 6417825 3.545993 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 7 383872.4 6417825 3.546023 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 9 383924.3 6417861 4.920846 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 10 383924.5 6417860 4.916842 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 11 383992.9 6417903 4.587067 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 12 383995.7 6417904 4.586684 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 13 383996.6 6417904 4.587067 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 14 383997.4 6417904 4.586422 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 15 383998.3 6417904 4.587179 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 17 383995 6417911 4.260247 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 18 384071.2 6417950 4.415316 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 19 384073.2 6417950 4.415316 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 20 384080.3 6417955 3.997829 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 21 384080.9 6417954 3.999043 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 22 384082.6 6417955 3.997878 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 24 384180.5 6418010 7.173884 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 25 384184.1 6418011 7.893769 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 27 384185.7 6418010 6.49208 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 29 384507.6 6418207 8.853182 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 37 384553.7 6418252 10.57188 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 38 384553 6418251 10.57192 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 39 384551.4 6418250 10.57186 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 40 384550.6 6418250 10.57189 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 42 384506.7 6418238 10.94101 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 49 383800 6417819 6.029827 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 50 383801.7 6417819 6.033471 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 51 383803.1 6417821 6.034742 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 52 383803.8 6417821 6.035058 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 53 383804.3 6417822 6.035058 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 55 383530.5 6417623 8.680019 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 56 383526 6417614 8.790216 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 57 383524.3 6417611 8.79472 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 58 383524.4 6417618 8.795662 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 59 383525.3 6417618 8.796227 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 60 383522.5 6417616 8.795958 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 61 383518.6 6417611 9.740827 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 62 383522.1 6417609 10.08226 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 63 383522.5 6417609 10.08347 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 64 383523 6417610 10.08068 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 65 383523.5 6417610 10.08044 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 66 383523.9 6417611 10.08045 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 67 383523.5 6417610 10.08045 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 68 383523.4 6417610 10.08045 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 69 383523.3 6417610 10.08045 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 70 383523.5 6417610 10.08045 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 71 383523.7 6417610 10.08045 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 72 383523.6 6417610 10.08045 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 73 383523.6 6417610 10.08045 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 74 383523.3 6417610 10.08045 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 76 383517.2 6417608 8.37351 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 77 383517 6417609 8.373963 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 78 383516 6417607 8.37351 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 79 383516.4 6417607 8.37351 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 80 383515.7 6417601 8.758698 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 81 383516.3 6417601 9.356454 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 82 383517.9 6417601 9.367867 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 91 383520.4 6417601 10.0963 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 93 383499.7 6417595 9.923035 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 94 383450.6 6417569 11.34348 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 95 383450.2 6417569 10.69842 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 97 383388.1 6417539 5.007195 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 98 383284.8 6417460 7.373742 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 99 383280.1 6417456 6.847944 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 100 383279.9 6417457 6.829799 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 101 383279.5 6417456 6.828869 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 102 383279.7 6417456 7.797637 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 103 383275.3 6417452 8.351988 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 104 383274.2 6417454 8.318022 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 106 383221.9 6417417 8.060026 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 107 383214.8 6417415 7.057301 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 108 383204.8 6417409 7.191177 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 109 383201.2 6417404 7.497475 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 110 383709.7 6417725 4.226789 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 111 383713.4 6417726 4.237612 Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora 112 383709.7 6417729 4.238281

Appendix E Cluster Dendrograms

Attachment 3 Fauna Survey (Harewood 2017)

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Project number: EP17-084(02)|January 2018 Page 1

Attachment 4 Correspondence between DoEE and Emerge Associates

Document Reference: EP18-046(03)--001 JHL

Emerge contact: Jason Hick

15 May 2018

Attention: Rod Whyte Department of Environment and Energy

Delivered by email to: [email protected]

Dear Rod,

PORT KENNEDY DRIVE DUPLICATION, CITY OF ROCKINGHAM – MATTERS OF NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE PURSUANT TO ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ACT 1999

Emerge Associates have been engaged by the City of Rockingham to assist with the progression of required environmental approvals for the Port Kennedy Drive duplication project. The proposed duplication would involve the construction of an additional road (to form a dual carriage) parallel to the existing alignment of Port Kennedy Road and is herein referred to as ‘the proposed action’. The proposed action is located within the current extent of the Port Kennedy Drive road reserve between Warnbro Sound Drive and Ennis Avenue, is approximately 8.72 hectares (ha) in size (referred to herein as ‘the site’) and lies approximately 55 km south of Perth, as shown in Figure 1. The purpose of this letter is to seek pre-referral guidance from the Department of Environment and Energy (DoEE) to clarify the Department’s expectation on the referral requirements of the proposed action. Based on the summary of the impact of the proposed action on Matters of National Environmental Significance (MNES) under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) provided in this letter, we seek the Department’s views on whether the proposed action is likely to require an approval pursuant to the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC Act).

1INTRODUCTION The site comprises of a total area of 8.72 ha and is located approximately 55 km south of Perth within the City of Rockingham, as shown in Figure 1. The site currently zoned ‘Other Regional Roads’ under the Metropolitan Region Scheme and the City of Rockingham Town Planning Scheme No. 2. To support increased traffic volumes, the City of Rockingham is proposing to duplicate a section of Port Kennedy Drive extending between Warnbro Sound Drive and Ennis Avenue located in Port Kennedy (the proposed action) to form a dual carriageway. This duplication is guided by preliminary civil drawings and will include the following: x Bulk earthworks, including the clearing and cut to fill within the site x Civil construction, including the installation of the road pavement and associated drainage infrastructure x Subsequent stabilisation of road batters and revegetation of the road reserve, where appropriate. 2

2 CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND In order to prepare this correspondence, we have undertaken a review of site specific environmental investigations undertaken for the site and a desktop review of known and available scientific information and management plans associated with relevant Matters of National Environmental Significance (MNES) relevant to the site. This review included: x Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment, Port Kennedy Drive (Emerge Associates 2018), provided as Attachment A. x Fauna Assessment, Port Kennedy Drive (Harewood 2017) x Interim Recovery Plan 2011-2016 for Sedgelands in Holocene dune swales (DEC 2011) x Associated threat abatement plans for threats such as Phytophthora cinnamomi and rabbits. Based on an existing flora and vegetation survey conducted for the site (Emerge Associates 2018), large areas of the site have been historically cleared for the existing Port Kennedy road alignment, with approximately 4.92 ha of cleared land or non-native vegetation and approximately 3.80 ha of remnant native vegetation present in varying levels of intactness and condition.

3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

3.1.1 Flora and vegetation A Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment was undertaken in September and October 2017 (Emerge Associates 2018) and is provided as Attachment A. Three native plant communities were identified within the site (shown in Figure 4 of Attachment A), including: x ArMs which occurs commonly within the site to both sides of the road and extends over 3.5 ha. x BjFnLg which occurs in three small localised areas in the centre of the site, with all three extending outside of the site boundary. Within the site boundary, this community extends over 0.11 ha. x JfAsBd which is located in one central portion of the site directly to the south of Port Kennedy Drive and extends over 0.19 ha. The remainder of the site (4.93 ha) is heavily disturbed and contains asphalt or non-native vegetation with bare soil, weeds or planted vegetation including Chamelaucium uncinatum (Geraldton wax), *Leptospermum laevigatum (coastal tea tree) and Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island pines). Vegetation condition mapping in accordance with the Keighery (1994) vegetation condition scale and ranges from ‘completely degraded’ to ‘very good’, as shown in Figure 6 of Attachment A. Plant community BkFnLg was determined to represent FCT 19 ‘sedgelands in Holocene dune swales’. This is recognised as an ‘endangered’ Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) under the EPBC Act. The occurrences of this TEC within the site have been identified as being in ‘good’ to ‘very good’ condition vegetation and occurs in three small localised areas in the centre of the site amounting to 0.11 ha.

3.1.2 Fauna A level 1 fauna survey and level 2 targeted black cockatoo habitat survey was undertaken in October 2017 as documented in the Fauna Assessment (Harewood 2017). The survey involved the identification of all fauna species which could potentially occur within the site based on existing habitat values, in addition to the recording of opportunistic fauna observations. The assessment indicated the site is largely cleared and fauna habitat values have been significantly reduced. As a consequence, the diversity of fauna species present within the site prior to disturbance has been dramatically reduced, and overall the site and the vegetation within the site has limited significance for fauna. The report confirmed that the site contains no potential black

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cockatoo foraging and/or breeding/roosting habitat and therefore the reliance on or use of the site by the three threatened species of black cockatoo within the site is highly unlikely.

3.1.3 Wetlands No Ramsar or listed ‘important wetlands’ are located within the site. The Port Kennedy Scientific Park, listed as a Ramsar site, is located adjacent to the most western extension of the road duplication, on the opposite site of Wanbro Sound Avenue.

4 RELEVANT ‘MATTERS OF NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE’ Based on a search of the DoEE ‘Protected Matters Search Tool’ on 24th of April 2018, the MNES that were listed as potentially occurring in the wider region, surrounding and inclusive of the site, have been summarised in Table B1, Appendix B. This appendix provides a summary of the potential MNES for the site and consideration of whether each MNES is ultimately relevant for the site and the proposed action, and is based on the information prepared as part of the various flora, vegetation and fauna surveys undertaken within the site. Given the extent of historical disturbance across the site, it is considered that the ‘Sedgelands in Holocene dune swales’ TEC is the only MNES that may potentially impacted by the proposed action. The sedgelands in Holocene dune swales TEC is listed as ‘endangered’ under the EPBC Act due to its highly limited distribution, owing to its specific landform and water regime requirements as detailed within the interim recovery plan (DEC 2011). The areas of plant community BjFnLg located within the site contribute approximately 0.11 ha to the TECs wider distribution.

5 LIKLEY SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACTS TO MNES ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROPOSED ACTION The Matters of National Environmental Significance - Significant impact guidelines 1.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (DotE 2013) (herein referred to as the ‘significant impact guidelines’) outlines a ‘self-assessment’ process (including criteria) to assist in deciding whether or not referral of a proposed action may be required. In accordance with these guidelines, potential impacts are considered based upon the conservation status of the species or community. For ‘endangered’ TECs, an action is likely to have a significant impact if there is a real chance or possibility that it will: x Reduce the extent of an ecological community x Fragment or increase fragmentation of an ecological community, for example by clearing vegetation for roads or transmission lines x Adversely affect habitat critical to the survival of an ecological community x Modify or destroy abiotic (non-living) factors (such as water, nutrients, or soil) necessary for an ecological community’s survival, including reduction of groundwater levels, or substantial alteration of surface water drainage patterns x Cause a substantial change in the species composition of an occurrence of an ecological community, including causing a decline or loss of functionally important species, for example through regular burning or flora or fauna harvesting x Cause a substantial reduction in the quality or integrity of an occurrence of an ecological community, including, but not limited to: - assisting invasive species, that are harmful to the listed ecological community, to become established, or - causing regular mobilisation of fertilisers, herbicides or other chemicals or pollutants into the ecological community which kill or inhibit the growth of species in the ecological community, or x Interfere with the recovery of an ecological community. This criteria has been assessed in Table 1 below.

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Table 1: Assessment of significant impact criteria for endangered ecological communities

Significant impact criteria Assessment

Reduce the extent of an ecological Unlikely. community The proposed action will result in the removal of approximately 0.11ha of the TEC. As of 2011, the TEC was thought to cover approximately 193 ha, almost all of which is located within linear wetland depressions located between parallel sand dune ridges of the Rockingham-Becher Plain (DEC 2011). Therefore the removal of 0.11ha is considered less than 0.06% of the current extent of the community, and therefore not a material reduction in the extent of the ecological community. Fragment or increase fragmentation of an Unlikely. ecological community, for example by The proposed action will result in the duplication of an existing road, therefore, clearing vegetation for roads or while the action will result in a marginal impact on the TEC, this will not result in transmission lines fragmentation, and the TEC is already fragmented in nature in terms of its distribution. As such, the proposed road duplication is unlikely to cause significant fragmentation of the TEC. Adversely affect habitat critical to the Unlikely. survival of an ecological community The significant impact guidelines (DotE 2013) identifies ‘habitat critical to the survival of a species or ecological community’ as habitat necessary: x For activities such as foraging, breeding, roosting, or dispersal x For the long-term maintenance of the species or ecological community (including the maintenance of species essential to the survival of the species or ecological community, such as pollinators) x To maintain genetic diversity and long term evolutionary development, or x For the reintroduction of populations or recovery of the species or ecological community. The DEC (2011) notes that the TEC occurs over approximately 193 ha. The areas within the site represents a small proportion of this (less than 0.06%) and are considered in ‘good’ or ‘very good’ condition (Emerge Associates 2018). Bush Forever Site 356 located directly south of the site and Bush Forever Site 377 located to the west of the site contain multiple occurrences of the TEC considered to be in ‘excellent’ condition and likely to remain in perpetuity (DEC 2011). As such, the vegetation within the site is not considered to represent habitat critical for the survival of the community. Modify or destroy abiotic (non-living) Unlikely. factors (such as water, nutrients, or soil) The road duplication will be undertaken in accordance with best practice necessary for an ecological community’s construction methods, with the overall aim to ensure that hydrological values survival, including reduction of outside of the site will not be detrimentally affected by the proposed groundwater levels, or substantial development and to maintain or improve groundwater quality. alteration of surface water drainage patterns Cause a substantial change in the species Unlikely. composition of an occurrence of an The road duplication will be constructed within the existing road reserve for Port ecological community, including causing a Kennedy Drive alongside the current road alignment. Therefore the duplication decline or loss of functionally important process is unlikely to cause a substantial change in the species composition. species, for example through regular burning or flora or fauna harvesting Cause a substantial reduction in the quality Unlikely. or integrity of an occurrence of an The proposed action will remove only a very small area (0.11 ha) of vegetation ecological community, including, but not representative of this TEC, this could not be considered to represent a substantial limited to: reduction in the quality or integrity of the community. x assisting invasive species, that are harmful to the listed ecological community, to become established, or x causing regular mobilisation of fertilisers, herbicides or other chemicals or pollutants into the ecological community which kill or inhibit the growth of species in the ecological community, or

EP18-046(03)--001 JHL Emerge Associates 5

Significant impact criteria Assessment Interfere with the recovery of an ecological Unlikely. community. As detailed above, the DEC (2011) notes that the TEC occurs over approximately 193 ha. The areas within the site represents a small proportion of this (less than 0.06%) and are considered in ‘good’ or ‘very good’ condition (Emerge Associates 2018). Bush Forever Site 356 located directly south of the site and Bush Forever Site 377 located to the west of the site contain multiple occurrences of the TEC considered to be in ‘excellent’ condition and likely to remain in perpetuity (DEC 2011). As such, the removal of 0.11 ha of vegetation along the existing road interface could not be viewed as interfering with the recovery of the community.

Based on the outcome of this assessment, the removal of approximately 0.11ha of the TEC as a result of the proposed action is unlikely to have a significant impact on of the TEC. It is our position that a referral under the EPBC Act is not required to support the proposed action.

Summary and closing Based on the presence of MNES within the site, specifically the ‘sedgelands in Holocene dune swales’ TEC, an assessment against the significant impact criteria for ‘endangered’ TECs contained within the significant impact guidelines (DotE 2013) was undertaken. The outcomes of the application of the significant impact guidelines determine that the risk of a significant impact on MNES is considered to be low, and specifically the proposed action is unlikely to have a significant impact on the ‘sedgelands in Holocene dune swales’ TEC. It is therefore considered that a referral for the proposed action is not required. We would like to undertake a pre-referral discussion with the Department to discuss this further to ensure the most appropriate approval pathway is undertaken. We would like to arrange this meeting for the week of May 28 to be undertaken via telephone and will be in touch to arrange a suitable time. If you have any further questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me on 0488 223 306. Yours sincerely Emerge Associates

Jason Hick PRINCIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT

cc: Brendon Bennett, City of Rockingham

Encl: Figure 1: Site Location Attachment A: Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment Attachment B: Summary of Matters of National Environmental Significance and likelihood of occurring within the site

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General references: Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) 2011, Interim Recovery Plan 2011-2016 for Sedgelands in Holocene dune swales., Perth. Department of the Environment (DotE) 2013, Matters of National Environmental Significance - Significant impact guidelines 1.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, Canberra. Emerge Associates 2018, Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment, Port Kennedy Drive. Harewood, G. 2017, Fauna Assessment, Port Kennedy Drive.

Online references: Department of the Environment and Energy (DoEE) (2018). Merops ornatus in Species Profile and Threats Database, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Accessed 9th May 2018

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Attachment A: Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment

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Attachment B: Summary of Matters of National Environmental Significance and likelihood of occurring within the site Table B1: Summary of Matters of National Environmental Significance and likelihood of occurring within the site

Common name Scientific name Status under EPBC Act Likely occurrence Will the action impact on the MNES? within the site Likelihood of impact Justification for impact assessment Threatened species Fauna Red Knot Calidris canutus Endangered Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Curlew sandpiper Calidris ferruginea Critically endangered Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Forest red-tailed Calyptorhynchus Vulnerable Unlikely Unlikely No suitable breeding habitat trees (suitable tree species with a diameter at breast height >50 black cockatoo banksii naso cm) were identified within the site. In addition, no evidence of roosting was observed within the site, and no vegetation within the site was identified as quality foraging habitat. If this species is present, it is only likely to utilise the general airspace above the site. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Baudin’s black Calyptorhynchus Endangered Unlikely Unlikely No suitable breeding habitat trees (suitable tree species with a diameter at breast height >50 cockatoo baudinii cm) were identified within the site. In addition, no evidence of roosting was observed within the site, and no vegetation within the site was identified as quality foraging habitat. If this species is present, it is only likely to utilise the general airspace above the site. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Carnaby’s black Calyptorhynchus Endangered Unlikely Unlikely No suitable breeding habitat trees (suitable tree species with a diameter at breast height >50 cockatoo latirostris cm) were identified within the site. In addition, no evidence of roosting was observed within the site, and no vegetation within the site was identified as quality foraging habitat. If this species is present, it is only likely to utilise the general airspace above the site. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata Vulnerable Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings and the species is locally extinct. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Eastern curlew Numenius Critically endangered Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a madagascariensis relevant MNES for the site. Australian painted Rostratula australis Endangered Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a snipe relevant MNES for the site.

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Common name Scientific name Status under EPBC Act Likely occurrence Will the action impact on the MNES? within the site Likelihood of impact Justification for impact assessment Woylie Bettongia Endangered Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings and the species is locally penicillata ogibyi extinct. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Chuditch Dasyurus geoffroii Vulnerable Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings and the species is locally extinct. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Western ringtail Pseudocheirus Vulnerable Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings and the species is locally possum occidentalis extinct. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Migratory species Fork-tailed swift Apus pacificus Migratory Unlikely Unlikely The fork-tailed swift is potentially a very occasional summer visitor to the south west but the species is likely to be a vagrant only and if present likely to largely utilise the general airspace above the site. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Flesh-footed Ardenna carneipes Migratory Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a shearwater relevant MNES for the site. Roseate tern Sterna dougallii Migratory Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea Migratory Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Migratory Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Sharp-tailed Calidris acuminata Migratory Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a sandpiper relevant MNES for the site. Pectoral sandpiper Calidris melanotos Migratory Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Osprey Pandion haliaetus Migratory Unlikely Unlikely The osprey is potentially a very occasional visitor within the broader area but the species is likely to be a vagrant only and if present likely to largely utilise the general airspace above the site. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Common Tringa nebularia Migratory Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a greenshank relevant MNES for the site. Marine species

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Common name Scientific name Status under EPBC Act Likely occurrence Will the action impact on the MNES? within the site Likelihood of impact Justification for impact assessment Great egret Ardea alba Marine Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Cattle egret Ardea ibis Marine Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. White-bellied sea- Haliaeetus Marine Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a eagle leucogaster relevant MNES for the site. Rainbow bee-eater Merops ornatus Marine Possible Unlikely It is common as a regular summer migrant to southern Australia, and its known distribution extends across the majority of the Australian mainland. The habitat preferences are present within the site. However, the species is known to occur in a variety of habitats and no breeding areas were identified within the site. Habitat loss is not identified as a key threat for this species and is currently considered to be a low priority for management (DoEE 2018). The population size and population trends have not been quantified, but the population size is assumed to be reasonably large, and there is little documented evidence of population declines (DoEE 2018). It is therefore considered unlikely that this species will be impacted by the proposed action. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Painted snipe Rostratula Marine Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a benghalensis relevant MNES for the site. (sensu lato) Hooded plover Thinornis rubricollis Marine Would not occur No impact Suitable habitat does not occur within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Flora King spider-orchid Caladenia huegelii Endangered Not present Unlikely Suitable habitat (grey or brown sand, clay loam) does not occur within the site. The species was not observed during flora and vegetation surveys within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Dwarf bee-orchid Diuris micrantha Vulnerable Not present Unlikely Suitable habitat (brown loamy clay in winter-wet swamps with shallow water) does not occur within the site. The species was not observed during flora and vegetation surveys within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site.

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Common name Scientific name Status under EPBC Act Likely occurrence Will the action impact on the MNES? within the site Likelihood of impact Justification for impact assessment Purdie’s donkey Diuris purdiei Endangered Not present Unlikely Suitable habitat (moist grey-black sand in winter-wet swamps) does not occur within the site. orchid The species was not observed during flora and vegetation surveys within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Glossy-leafed Drakaea elastica Endangered Not present Unlikely Suitable habitat (white or grey sand in low lying situations adjoining winter-wet habitats) does hammer-orchid not occur within the site. The species was not observed during flora and vegetation surveys within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Dwarf hammer Drakaea micrantha Vulnerable Not present Unlikely Suitable habitat (white or grey sand) does not occur within the site. The species was not orchid observed during flora and vegetation surveys within the site or wider landholdings. Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Threatened ecological communities Banksia woodlands of the Swan Coastal Endangered Unlikely Would not occur Species that are identified as characteristic of the TEC were not present within the site, and the Plain ecological community typical vegetation structure that occurs within the TEC was not identified within the site, as the vegetation was composed of low, scrub species, not those associated with the TEC (e.g overstorey). Therefore, it is not a relevant MNES for the site. Sedgelands in Holocene dune swales of Endangered Present. Loss/modification of Vegetation community BjFnLg is representative of the TEC, and has been identified within the the southern Swan Coastal Plain areas of vegetation site in three small, local depressions. Therefore, it is a relevant MNES for the site, and the likely representative of the TEC. impacts on the TEC are discussed in Table 1.

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Attachment 5 Correspondence between DWER and Emerge Associates

Document Reference: EP18-046(03)--001 JHL

Emerge contact: Jason Hick

15 May 2018

Attention: Hans Jacob Infrastructure Branch Environmental Protection Authority Services Department of Water and Environmental Regulation

Delivered by email to: [email protected]

Dear Hans,

PORT KENNEDY DRIVE DUPLICATION, CITY OF ROCKINGHAM – KEY ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS PURSUANT TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT 1986

Emerge Associates have been engaged by the City of Rockingham to support the required environmental approval process for the Port Kennedy Drive duplication project. The proposed duplication will involve the construction of an additional road parallel to the existing alignment of Port Kennedy Drive to create a dual carriageway and is herein referred to as ‘the proposal’. The proposal is located within the current extent of the Port Kennedy Drive road reserve between Warnbro Sound Drive and Ennis Avenue, has a footprint of approximately 8.72 hectares (ha) (referred to herein as ‘the site’), and situated approximately 55 km south of Perth, as shown in Figure 1. The purpose of this letter is to seek a pre-referral discussion with the Department of Water and Environmental regulation (DWER) to clarify the Environmental Protection Authority’s (EPA) likely expectation about referral requirements for this proposal. Based on the summary of the potential impacts of the proposed action on key environmental considerations under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act) provided in this letter, we seek DWER’s views and opinions on the proposition that any environmental impacts likely to be resultant from the proposal can be managed under Part V of the Act (via clearing regulation), and therefore a Section 38 referral under Part IV may not be required.

1INTRODUCTION The site comprises of a total area of 8.72 ha and is located approximately 55 km south of Perth within the City of Rockingham, as shown in Figure 1. The site is currently zoned ‘Other Regional Roads’ under the Metropolitan Region Scheme and the City of Rockingham Town Planning Scheme No. 2. To support increased traffic volumes, the City of Rockingham is proposing to duplicate a section of Port Kennedy Drive extending between Warnbro Sound Drive and Ennis Avenue located in Port Kennedy to create a dual carriageway. This duplication is guided by the preliminary civil drawings and will include the following: x Bulk earthworks, including the clearing and cut to fill of the works area x Civil construction, including the installation of the road pavement and drainage infrastructure 2

x Subsequent stabilisation of road batters and revegetation of the road reserve, where appropriate.

2 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND In order to prepare this correspondence, we have undertaken a review of site specific environmental investigations undertaken for the site and a desktop review of known and available scientific information and management plans associated with environmental values relevant to the site. This review included: x Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment, Port Kennedy Drive (Emerge Associates 2018), provided in Attachment A. x Fauna Assessment, Port Kennedy Drive (Harewood 2017) x Interim Recovery Plan 2011-2016 for Sedgelands in Holocene dune swales (DEC 2011) No Bush Forever sites or other conservation areas have been identified occurring within the site. Bush Forever Site 356 (BF 356) is situated directly adjacent to the site to the south, as shown in Figure 3 of Attachment A.

2.1 Flora and vegetation A spring flora and vegetation assessment was undertaken in September and October 2017 (Emerge Associates 2018) in accordance with the Technical Guidance - Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment (Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) 2016) and the Environmental Factor Guideline: Flora and Vegetation (EPA 2016). This assessment has been provided in Attachment A. Based on an existing flora and vegetation survey conducted for the site (Emerge Associates 2018), large areas of the site have been historically cleared for the existing Port Kennedy road alignment, with approximately 4.92 ha of the site being cleared or non-native vegetation and approximately 3.80 ha of remnant native vegetation present in varying conditions. The extent of native remnant vegetation is limited to the outer edges of the road reserve. Three native plant communities were identified within the site, as shown in Figure 4 of Attachment A, which were: x ArMs which occurs commonly within the site to both sides of the road and extends over 3.5 ha. Plant community ArMs was determined to represent FCT 29b ‘Acacia shrublands on taller dunes’. This is recognised as a Priority 3 PEC. The majority of this PEC occurrence within the site has been identified as being in ‘degraded’ condition vegetation. x BjFnLg which occurs in three small localised areas in the centre of the site, with all three extending outside of the site boundary. Within the site boundary, this community extends over 0.11 ha. Plant community BkFnLg was determined to represent FCT 19 ‘sedgelands in Holocene dune swales’. This is recognised as a ‘critically endangered’ Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) under both state and federal frameworks. The DEC (2011) notes that the ‘sedgelands in Holocene dune swales’ TEC occurs over approximately 193 ha. The areas within the site represent a small proportion of this (less than 0.06%) and are considered in ‘good’ or ‘very good’ condition (Emerge Associates 2018). x JfAsBd which is located in one central portion of the site directly to the south of Port Kennedy Drive and extends over 0.19 ha. Within the ArMs plant community, approximately 146 individuals of the priority four (P4) species Conostylis pauciflora subsp. pauciflora were identified, as shown in Figure 4 of Attachment A. The remainder of the site (4.93 ha) is heavily disturbed and contains asphalt or non-native vegetation with bare soil, weeds or planted vegetation including Chamelaucium uncinatum (Geraldton wax), *Leptospermum laevigatum (coastal tea tree) and Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island pines). Vegetation condition mapping in accordance with the Keighery (1994) vegetation condition scale and ranged from ‘completely degraded’ (56.4%) to ‘very good’ (1.3%), as shown in Figure 6 of Attachment A.

EP18-046(03)--001 JHL Emerge Associates 3

2.2 Fauna A level 1 fauna survey and level 2 targeted black cockatoo habitat survey was undertaken in October 2017 as document in the Fauna Assessment (Harewood 2017). The survey involved the identification of all fauna species which could potentially occur within the site based on existing habitat values, in addition to the recording of opportunistic fauna observations. The assessment indicated the site is largely cleared and fauna habitat values have been significantly disturbed. As a consequence, the diversity of fauna species present within the site prior to disturbance has been dramatically reduced, and overall the site and the vegetation within the site has limited significance for fauna. The assessment also confirmed that the site contains no potential black cockatoo foraging and/or breeding/roosting habitat and therefore any type of reliance or use of the site by the three threatened species of black cockatoo is highly unlikely.

2.3 Wetlands No Ramsar or listed ‘important wetlands’ are located within the site. The Port Kennedy Scientific Park, listed as a Ramsar site, is located adjacent to the most western extension of the road duplication, on the opposite site of Wanbro Sound Avenue. A review of DBCA’s Geomorphic Wetlands of the Swan Coastal Plain dataset indicated that one ‘multiple use’ and three ‘conservation’ category wetland features occur within the site. These are all small sumplands and damplands and comprise the Point Becher wetland group, along with numerous other small conservation category damplands and sumplands in the wider local area. The details of the wetlands in the site are provided in Table 1. The locations of the wetlands are shown in Figure 2 of Attachment A. Table 1: Details of geomorphic wetlands located in the site.

UFI Wetland Conservation Total wetland Area within Vegetation condition number type Status area (ha) the site (ha) 6235 Dampland Conservation 0.107 0.026 The majority of the vegetation associated with this wetland within the site has been mapped as ‘completely degraded’ with a small portion of ‘good’ and ‘degraded’ condition vegetation. 6244 Sumpland Conservation 0.289 0.039 The vegetation associated with this wetland within the site has been mapped as ‘very good’ or ‘degraded’ with a small portion of ‘completely degraded’ condition vegetation. 6246 Sumpland Conservation 0.078 0.005 The vegetation associated with this wetland within the site has been mapped as ‘degraded’. 6242 Sumpland Multiple Use 0.318 0.189 The majority of the vegetation associated with this wetland within the site has been mapped as ‘completely degraded’ with a small portion of ‘very good’ and ‘degraded’ condition vegetation.

3 POTENTIAL KEY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT Based on this assessment the following environmental values would be impacted through the implementation of the proposal: x Approximately 0.11 ha of ‘sedgelands in Holocene dune swales’ TEC listed as ‘critically endangered’ under both state and federal frameworks. The vegetation associated with this TEC within the site is considered in ‘good’ or ‘very good’ condition and occurs in three small isolated patches. x Approximately 3.5 ha of ‘Acacia shrublands on taller dunes’ PEC. The majority of vegetation associated with this PEC within the site is considered in ‘degraded’ condition.

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x Approximately 146 individuals of the priority four (P4) species Conostylis pauciflora subsp. Pauciflora located within the ArMs plant community. x Small portions of three separate Conservation Category Wetlands (CCW) amounting to approximately 0.07 ha. The majority of vegetation associated with the portions of the CCW is considered in ‘degraded’ or ‘completely degraded’ condition with small sections identified as ‘good’ or ‘very good’. The EPA has identified a number of environmental principles, factors and objectives within the Statement of Environmental Principles, Factors and Objectives (EPA 2016) which were used to determine the likelihood of significant environmental impacts or whether impacts can be appropriately mitigated or managed. An assessment of the proposal against the relevant environmental factors have been provided in Table 2, as well as consideration of whether the proposal could achieve the objectives for each factor, and how this will be addressed as part of future approval processes. Table 2: Summary of EPA environmental factors and objectives relevant to the proposed future land use

Environmental EPA objective Can the proposed road duplication meet the EPA objective? factor Flora and To protect flora and This objective can be met. The construction footprint is relatively small (e.g. less than vegetation vegetation so that 3.8 ha) and has been strategically aligned with the existing road (within the existing biological diversity and road reserve) to minimize the impact to the flora and vegetation values within and ecological integrity are surrounding the site. maintained. The occurrences of the TEC, PEC and Priority Flora within the site is considered to represent minimal biological diversity due to the small size of the occurrences and varying condition of the associated vegetation. In addition, the ecological integrity of the occurrences of the TEC, PEC and Priority Flora within the site are currently impacted by the existing road alignment and considered to have limited value due to the proximity of the road. Therefore the removal of the occurrences of the TEC, PEC and Priority Flora to support the road duplication is not considered to have a significant impact on these environmental values. In addition, the occurrences of these values within the site is considered to present a small representation of the wider local extent. The adjacent Bush Forever Sites (Site 356 located directly south of the site and Site 377 located to the west of the site) contain multiple more intact occurrences of the TEC, PEC and Priority Flora identified within the site. The vegetation located in both Bush Forever sites is considered to be in ‘excellent’ condition and likely to remain in perpetuity. Construction will be managed in accordance with best practice management principles to ensure construction of the road does not impact on the retention of vegetation outside the proposal footprint. This will ensure impacts to values such as the TECs, PECs and Priority Flora are minimised. In addition and as proposed these flora and vegetation values can be considered and addressed through Part V of the EP Act, by the proponent applying for a Native Vegetation Clearing permit. Landforms To maintain the variety This objective can be met. The site contains formations of the holocene dunes and integrity of associated with the TEC however the formations within the site are limited in extent distinctive physical and disturbed due to the existing road alignment and present minimal landform landforms so that value. environmental values are protected. Terrestrial To maintain the quality This objective can be met. This objective relates to managing potential contaminants environmental of land and soils so that and pathways in which soil quality may be impacted, as well as erosion, acid sulfate quality environmental values are soil and salinity. The construction of the road is not expected to raise any land and/or protected. soil integrity or quality issues or concerns. Terrestrial fauna To protect terrestrial This objective can be met. The construction footprint is relatively small (e.g. less than fauna so that biological 3.8 ha), with minimal impact on key fauna values within the site. Based on the diversity and ecological outcomes of the fauna assessment, no significant fauna habitat is located within the integrity are maintained. site and therefore the clearing associated with the road duplication is not considered significant in relation to terrestrial fauna. Hydrological To maintain the Overall this objective can be met. Surface water and groundwater will be managed in processes. hydrological regimes of using appropriate design and construction methods (e.g. maintenance of the post- groundwater and surface development environment in accordance with the pre-development environment).

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water so that Less than 0.07ha of CCW is located within the site, the majority of which is considered environmental values are in ‘degraded’ condition. As these portions are currently interfacing the existing road, protected. the integrity of the wetland is considered low and the impact of the proposed duplication considered minimal. Inland waters To maintain the This objective can be met and the quality of surface water and groundwater will be environmental hydrological regimes of managed in accordance with appropriate design and construction practices. Given quality groundwater and surface the marginal interface of the CCWs within the site (e.g. three separate wetland water so that portions amounting to less than 0.7ha), functionality of the wetlands in terms of environmental values are water quality is unlikely to be impacted. protected. Air quality To maintain air quality This objective can be met. Appropriate dust management will be undertaken during and minimise emissions construction to ensure the potential for any dust emissions is managed. so that environmental values are protected. Social To protect social The objective can be met. The proposed road duplication will not have any negative Surroundings surroundings from impacts on the community. The duplication is intended to address increased traffic significant harm. volumes as a result of the increased population in the area. Human health To protect human health The objective can be met. No impacts to human health will arise as a result of this from significant harm. development.

Summary and closing Based on this assessment, the proposed road duplication will have minimal impact on the key environmental values identified within the site, specifically a state and federally listed TEC, a state listed PEC and state listed Priority Flora and presence of small portions of CCWs. This is due to the existing degradation and fragmentation as a result of the existing road alignment and the small footprint required to construction the road duplication. It is therefore our opinion that a Section 38 referral pursuant to Part IV of the EP Act may not be required, as the key environmental impacts can be managed through Part V of the EP Act, through the proponent applying for a Native Vegetation Clearing Permit. Emerge would like to seek a pre-referral discussion with the Department to discuss this further to ensure the most appropriate approval pathway is undertaken. Based on our assessment discussed in this letter, Emerge would like to seek the support from the Department in this meeting of our position that the proposed action can be managed under Part V of the Act. We would like to arrange this meeting for the week of May 28 to be undertaken in person at your office and will be in touch to arrange a suitable time. Yours sincerely Emerge Associates

Jason Hick PRINCIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT

cc: Brendon Bennet, City of Rockingham

Encl: Figure 1: Site Location Attachment A: Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment

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References: Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) 2011, Interim Recovery Plan 2011-2016 for Sedgelands in Holocene dune swals., Perth. Emerge Associates 2018, Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment, Port Kennedy Drive. Harewood, G. 2017, Fauna Assessment, Port Kennedy Drive.

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Attachment 6 Clearing Plans