Notes on the Family Brassicaceae in China
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Wild Food Plant Use in 21St Century Europe: the Disappearance of Old Traditions and the Search for New Cuisines Involving Wild Edibles
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae Journal homepage: pbsociety.org.pl/journals/index.php/asbp INVITED REVIEW Received: 2012.07.20 Accepted: 2012.09.12 Published electronically: 2012.11.19 Acta Soc Bot Pol 81(4):359–370 DOI: 10.5586/asbp.2012.031 Wild food plant use in 21st century Europe: the disappearance of old traditions and the search for new cuisines involving wild edibles Łukasz Łuczaj1*, Andrea Pieroni2, Javier Tardío3, Manuel Pardo-de-Santayana4, Renata Sõukand5, Ingvar Svanberg6, Raivo Kalle7 1 Department of Botany and Biotechnology of Economic Plants, University of Rzeszów, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland 2 University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele 9, 12060 Pollenzo, Cuneo, Italy 3 Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Finca “El Encín”, Apdo. 127, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Spain 4 Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain 5 Estonian Literary Museum, Vanemuise 42, 51003 Tartu, Estonia 6 Uppsala Centre for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Uppsala University, Box 514, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden 7 Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51014 Tartu, Estonia Abstract The aim of this review is to present an overview of changes in the contemporary use of wild food plants in Europe, mainly using the examples of our home countries: Poland, Italy, Spain, Estonia and Sweden. We set the scene referring to the nutrition of 19th century peasants, involving many famine and emergency foods. Later we discuss such issues as children's wild snacks, the association between the decline of plant knowledge and the disappearance of plant use, the effects of over-exploitation, the decrease of the availability of plants due to ecosystem changes, land access rights for foragers and intoxication dangers. -
Epipactis Gigantea Dougl
Epipactis gigantea Dougl. ex Hook. (stream orchid): A Technical Conservation Assessment Prepared for the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Species Conservation Project March 20, 2006 Joe Rocchio, Maggie March, and David G. Anderson Colorado Natural Heritage Program Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO Peer Review Administered by Center for Plant Conservation Rocchio, J., M. March, and D.G. Anderson. (2006, March 20). Epipactis gigantea Dougl. ex Hook. (stream orchid): a technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Available: http: //www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/epipactisgigantea.pdf [date of access]. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was greatly facilitated by the helpfulness and generosity of many experts, particularly Bonnie Heidel, Beth Burkhart, Leslie Stewart, Jim Ferguson, Peggy Lyon, Sarah Brinton, Jennifer Whipple, and Janet Coles. Their interest in the project, valuable insight, depth of experience, and time spent answering questions were extremely valuable and crucial to the project. Nan Lederer (COLO), Ron Hartman, Ernie Nelson, Joy Handley (RM), and Michelle Szumlinski (SJNM) all provided assistance and specimen labels from their institutions. Annette Miller provided information for the report on seed storage status. Jane Nusbaum, Mary Olivas, and Barbara Brayfield provided crucial financial oversight. Shannon Gilpin assisted with literature acquisition. Many thanks to Beth Burkhart, Janet Coles, and two anonymous reviewers whose invaluable suggestions and insight greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. AUTHORS’ BIOGRAPHIES Joe Rocchio is a wetland ecologist with the Colorado Natural Heritage Program where his work has included survey and assessment of biologically significant wetlands throughout Colorado since 1999. Currently, he is developing bioassessment tools to assess the floristic integrity of Colorado wetlands. -
Federico Selvi a Critical Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Tuscan Maremma
Federico Selvi A critical checklist of the vascular flora of Tuscan Maremma (Grosseto province, Italy) Abstract Selvi, F.: A critical checklist of the vascular flora of Tuscan Maremma (Grosseto province, Italy). — Fl. Medit. 20: 47-139. 2010. — ISSN 1120-4052. The Tuscan Maremma is a historical region of central western Italy of remarkable ecological and landscape value, with a surface of about 4.420 km2 largely corresponding to the province of Grosseto. A critical inventory of the native and naturalized vascular plant species growing in this territory is here presented, based on over twenty years of author's collections and study of relevant herbarium materials and literature. The checklist includes 2.056 species and subspecies (excluding orchid hybrids), of which, however, 49 should be excluded, 67 need confirmation and 15 have most probably desappeared during the last century. Considering the 1.925 con- firmed taxa only, this area is home of about 25% of the Italian flora though representing only 1.5% of the national surface. The main phytogeographical features in terms of life-form distri- bution, chorological types, endemic species and taxa of particular conservation relevance are presented. Species not previously recorded from Tuscany are: Anthoxanthum ovatum Lag., Cardamine amporitana Sennen & Pau, Hieracium glaucinum Jord., H. maranzae (Murr & Zahn) Prain (H. neoplatyphyllum Gottschl.), H. murorum subsp. tenuiflorum (A.-T.) Schinz & R. Keller, H. vasconicum Martrin-Donos, Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC., Typha domingensis (Pers.) Steud., Vicia loiseleurii (M. Bieb) Litv. and the exotic Oenothera speciosa Nutt. Key words: Flora, Phytogeography, Taxonomy, Tuscan Maremma. Introduction Inhabited by man since millennia and cradle of the Etruscan civilization, Maremma is a historical region of central-western Italy that stretches, in its broadest sense, from south- ern Tuscany to northern Latium in the provinces of Pisa, Livorno, Grosseto and Viterbo. -
Plant List for VC54, North Lincolnshire
Plant List for Vice-county 54, North Lincolnshire 3 Vc61 SE TA 2 Vc63 1 SE TA SK NORTH LINCOLNSHIRE TF 9 8 Vc54 Vc56 7 6 5 Vc53 4 3 SK TF 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 Paul Kirby, 31/01/2017 Plant list for Vice-county 54, North Lincolnshire CONTENTS Introduction Page 1 - 50 Main Table 51 - 64 Summary Tables Red Listed taxa recorded between 2000 & 2017 51 Table 2 Threatened: Critically Endangered & Endangered 52 Table 3 Threatened: Vulnerable 53 Table 4 Near Threatened Nationally Rare & Scarce taxa recorded between 2000 & 2017 54 Table 5 Rare 55 - 56 Table 6 Scarce Vc54 Rare & Scarce taxa recorded between 2000 & 2017 57 - 59 Table 7 Rare 60 - 61 Table 8 Scarce Natives & Archaeophytes extinct & thought to be extinct in Vc54 62 - 64 Table 9 Extinct Plant list for Vice-county 54, North Lincolnshire The main table details all the Vascular Plant & Stonewort taxa with records on the MapMate botanical database for Vc54 at the end of January 2017. The table comprises: Column 1 Taxon and Authority 2 Common Name 3 Total number of records for the taxon on the database at 31/01/2017 4 Year of first record 5 Year of latest record 6 Number of hectads with records before 1/01/2000 7 Number of hectads with records between 1/01/2000 & 31/01/2017 8 Number of tetrads with records between 1/01/2000 & 31/01/2017 9 Comment & Conservation status of the taxon in Vc54 10 Conservation status of the taxon in the UK A hectad is a 10km. -
Pieris Brassicae
Pieris brassicae Scientific Name Pieris brassicae (L.) Synonyms: Mancipium brassicae Linnaeus Papilio Danaus brassicae Papilio brassicae Linnaeus Pieris anthrax Graham-Smith & Graham-Smith Pieris brassicae brassicae (Linnaeus) Pieris brassicae wollastoni (Butler) Pieris carnea Graham-Smith & Figure 1. P. brassicae adult (Image courtesy of Graham-Smith Hania Berdys, Bugwood.org) Pieris chariclea (Stephens) Pieris emigrisea Rocci Pieris griseopicta Rocci Pieris infratrinotata Carhel Pieris nigrescens Cockerell Pontia brassicae Linnaeus Pontia chariclea Stephens Common Names Large white butterfly, cabbage caterpillar Type of Pest Butterfly Taxonomic Position Class: Insecta, Order: Lepidoptera, Family: Pieridae Reason for Inclusion CAPS Target: AHP Prioritized Pest List for FY 2012 Pest Description Egg: “When first laid the eggs are a very pale straw color; within twenty four hours this has darkened to yellow and in at least one subspecies (P. h. cheiranthi Hueb) they are bright orange… a few hours before hatching the eggs turn black and the form of the larva can be seen through the shell” (Gardiner, 1974). Larva: “Length [of the larva is] 40 mm. Body fawn with black patches, yellow longitudinal stripes, covered with short white hairs. First instar head black; final instar head black and gray, frons yellow (Brooks and Knight 1982, Emmett 1980)” (USDA, 1984). Last Update: July 19, 2011 1 Pupa: “Length 20-24 mm, width 5-6 mm, yellow brown marked with black dots (Avidov and Harpaz 1969)” (USDA, 1984). Adult: “Body length 20 mm (Avidov and Harpaz 1969). Antennae black, tips white. Wingspan 63 mm. Wings dorsally white. Forewing tips black; hindwing front margin with black spot. Female forewing with 2 black spots, black dash on each. -
Vascular Plants of Santa Cruz County, California
ANNOTATED CHECKLIST of the VASCULAR PLANTS of SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SECOND EDITION Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland & Maps by Ben Pease CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY, SANTA CRUZ COUNTY CHAPTER Copyright © 2013 by Dylan Neubauer All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the author. Design & Production by Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland Maps by Ben Pease, Pease Press Cartography (peasepress.com) Cover photos (Eschscholzia californica & Big Willow Gulch, Swanton) by Dylan Neubauer California Native Plant Society Santa Cruz County Chapter P.O. Box 1622 Santa Cruz, CA 95061 To order, please go to www.cruzcps.org For other correspondence, write to Dylan Neubauer [email protected] ISBN: 978-0-615-85493-9 Printed on recycled paper by Community Printers, Santa Cruz, CA For Tim Forsell, who appreciates the tiny ones ... Nobody sees a flower, really— it is so small— we haven’t time, and to see takes time, like to have a friend takes time. —GEORGIA O’KEEFFE CONTENTS ~ u Acknowledgments / 1 u Santa Cruz County Map / 2–3 u Introduction / 4 u Checklist Conventions / 8 u Floristic Regions Map / 12 u Checklist Format, Checklist Symbols, & Region Codes / 13 u Checklist Lycophytes / 14 Ferns / 14 Gymnosperms / 15 Nymphaeales / 16 Magnoliids / 16 Ceratophyllales / 16 Eudicots / 16 Monocots / 61 u Appendices 1. Listed Taxa / 76 2. Endemic Taxa / 78 3. Taxa Extirpated in County / 79 4. Taxa Not Currently Recognized / 80 5. Undescribed Taxa / 82 6. Most Invasive Non-native Taxa / 83 7. Rejected Taxa / 84 8. Notes / 86 u References / 152 u Index to Families & Genera / 154 u Floristic Regions Map with USGS Quad Overlay / 166 “True science teaches, above all, to doubt and be ignorant.” —MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO 1 ~ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ~ ANY THANKS TO THE GENEROUS DONORS without whom this publication would not M have been possible—and to the numerous individuals, organizations, insti- tutions, and agencies that so willingly gave of their time and expertise. -
Floristic Quality Assessment and Monitoring of Brown Bridge Quiet Area Wetlands
Floristic Quality Assessment and Monitoring of Brown Bridge Quiet Area Wetlands Prepared by: Phyllis J. Higman Michigan Natural Features Inventory P.O. Box 13036 Lansing, MI 48901-3036 For: Grand Traverse Conservation District 1450 Cass Road, Traverse City, Michigan, 49685 October 30, 2013 Report Number 2013-17 Acknowledgements This work was made possible by a Great Hyde assisted with early surveys and delivery of Lake Restoration Initiative grant through the a workshop for local stewards. Brian Klatt and Environmental Protection Agency, awarded to Glenn Palmgren provided valuable guidance on the Grand Traverse Conservation District in sampling strategies and Reb Ratliff provided Traverse City, Michigan. Many thanks to Robin enthusiastic energy to kick off the field sampling Christensen for writing the grant and for inviting and assemble necessary field gear. Thanks to us to do this work. Suzan Campbell and Daria you all. Cover photos by Phyllis J. Higman, 2012- 2013. Clockwise from left to right: Brown Bridge Pond, Brown Bridge Dam, The Boardman River Coursing through the Brown Bridge Quiet Area after Dam Removal, and Newly Exposed Bottomlands at Brown Bridge Quiet Area after Dam Removal. Copyright 2013 Michigan State University Board of Trustees. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, or family status. Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... -
Weeds That Can Do Both Tricks: Vegetative Versus Generative Regeneration of the Short-Lived Root-Sprouting Herbs Rorippa Palustris and Barbarea Vulgaris
Weeds that can do both tricks: vegetative versus generative regeneration of the short-lived root-sprouting herbs Rorippa palustris and Barbarea vulgaris JKLIMESˇ OVA´*, A KOCIA´NOVA´* & J MARTI´NKOVA´* *Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Trˇebonˇ, Czech Republic, and Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Cˇeske´ Budeˇjovice, Czech Republic Received 24 May 2007 Revised version accepted 27 September 2007 that short-lived weeds capable of adventitious sprouting Summary from roots may be very successful in vegetative regen- Weeds of arable land have two strategies for coping with eration from root fragments. Using a pot experiment, severe disturbance: they have either a very short life short-lived root sprouters were found to have higher cycle and survive disturbance events (ploughing) as seeds (Rorippa palustris) or the same (Barbarea vulgaris) or they rely on an underground bud bank and a large fitness when regenerating from root fragments as when regeneration capacity from fragmented roots or stems. regenerating from seed. Even though this finding needs Representatives of the respective strategies differ in their to be tested on other species and in different experimen- investments: annual weeds invest in generative structures tal settings, the results indicate the potential importance and production of easily dispersible or durable seeds, of adventitious sprouting from roots in short-lived whereas perennial weeds invest preferentially to under- plants. Better knowledge of this phenomenon is crucial ground storage organs bearing buds which serve for for understanding both the population dynamics of vegetative propagation. Even when perennial weeds may short-lived root-sprouters in disturbed habitats and the also produce seeds under favourable conditions, these ruderal strategy of plants generally. -
Draft Plant Propagation Protocol
Plant Protocol: Barbarea orthoceras ESRM 412 Barbarea orthoceras flower [20] Barbarea orthoceras seeds [19] TAXONOMY Plant Family Scientific Name Brassicaceae[1] Common Name Mustard family[1] Species Scientific Name Scientific Name Barbarea orthoceras[1] Varieties Dolichocarpa[1] Sub-species Barbarea orthoceras subsp. Dolichorcarpa (Fernald) Piper & Beattie[2] Cultivar Common Synonym(s) Barbarea americana Rydb. Campe orthoceras(Ledeb.) Heller[3][4] Common Name(s) American yellowrocket[1] American wintercress[1] Wintercress[5] Erectpod wintercress[5] Species Code (as per USDA Plants BAOR[5] database) GENERAL INFORMATION Geographical range [6] [7] North America Washington Ecological distribution Swamps or on wet rocks, wetlands, meadows, and riverbanks[8][9] Climate and elevation range Grows in elevations ranging from 100’-2600’. Suitable climates are light sand, medium loamy and heavy clay soils that are neutral to basic in pH. Also preferring semi shady to shaded moist soil.[9][10] Local habitat and abundance Local habitats include lowland forest and meadows, wetlands, and most common along coastlines. While abundances are unclear.[10][11] Plant strategy type / successional Grows well in ditches and other disturbed sites and stage may be considered weedy by some[17] Plant characteristics Forb/herb that is known to have biennial and perennial growth patterns. The flowers are typically yellow and hermaphroditic growing 25-45 mm in length. While the plant itself has stiff stems and grows around 10 20- 60cm branches with leaves that are lobed and alternate with one leaf per node.[12] PROPAGATION DETAILS Ecotype N/A[14/17] Propagation Goal N/A[14/17] Propagation Method Seeds[14] Product Type Seeds[14] Stock Type Seeds[14] Time to Grow Early spring is the best season for growth, needing a moist well-drained soil and 2hrs of direct sunlight. -
Plants of Hot Springs Valley and Grover Hot Springs State Park Alpine County, California
Plants of Hot Springs Valley and Grover Hot Springs State Park Alpine County, California Compiled by Tim Messick and Ellen Dean This is a checklist of vascular plants that occur in Hot Springs Valley, including most of Grover Hot Springs State Park, in Alpine County, California. Approximately 310 taxa (distinct species, subspecies, and varieties) have been found in this area. How to Use this List Plants are listed alphabetically, by family, within major groups, according to their scientific names. This is standard practice for plant lists, but isn’t the most user-friendly for people who haven’t made a study of plant taxonomy. Identifying species in some of the larger families (e.g. the Sunflowers, Grasses, and Sedges) can become very technical, requiring examination of many plant characteristics under high magnification. But not to despair—many genera and even species of plants in this list become easy to recognize in the field with only a modest level of study or help from knowledgeable friends. Persistence will be rewarded with wonder at the diversity of plant life around us. Those wishing to pursue plant identification a bit further are encouraged to explore books on plants of the Sierra Nevada, and visit CalPhotos (calphotos.berkeley.edu), the Jepson eFlora (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora), and CalFlora (www.calflora.org). The California Native Plant Society (www.cnps.org) promotes conservation of plants and their habitats throughout California and is a great resource for learning and for connecting with other native plant enthusiasts. The Nevada Native Plant Society nvnps.org( ) provides a similar focus on native plants of Nevada. -
Barbarea Rivularis De Martrin-Donos Crucifère Négligée Et Méconnue De La Flore Européenne
Barbarea rivularis de Martrin-Donos crucifère négligée et méconnue de la flore européenne J.-E. DE LANGUE Troyentenhoflaan 128, B-2600 Berchem-Antwerpen Résumé. — La crucifère Barbarea rivularis fut décrite pour la première fois par Victor de Martrin- Donos au rang d'espèce, rapprochée de B. strlcta Andrz., et puis traitée par d'autres auteurs à divers rangs infraspécifiques. La plante a été observée récemment dans le nord-est de la France et en Belgique. Elle dif- fère de Barbarea stricto par la forme de ses feuilles basilaires et par la pointe de ses siliques. L'auteur pro- pose que cette espèce indigène soit intégrée dans nos flores modernes et modifie à cet effet la clé de déter- mination du genre de la Nouvelle Flore. Samenvatting. •— De kruisbloemige plant Barbarea rivularis werd voor het eerst beschreven en be- naamd door Victor de Martrin-Donos op soortniveau tegenover B. stricta Andrz. en vervolgens behandeld op lagere rangen door andere auteurs. De plant werd onlangs waargenomen in Noordoost-Frankrijk en België. De auteur stelt voor de soort op te nemen als inheemse plant in onze moderne flora's en past te dien einde de determinatiesleutel van het betrokken geslacht in de 'Nouvelle Flore' aan. Introduction Barbarea rivularis a été identifié et traité au rang d'espèce pour la première fois par le botaniste français Victor DE MARTRIN-DONOS (1801-1870) en 1864 dans sa «Florule du Tarn» en se basant sur de nombreuses observations et récoltes faites par lui-même et ses correspondants dans le Midi de la France. Cet eminent floriste eut le mérite de délimiter nettement la plante par rapport à Barbarea vulgaris, dont elle dif- fère par ses siliques dressées, appliquées contre l'axe de l'infrutescence, et par rap- port à Barbarea stricta, dont elle se rapproche par cette même caractéristique. -
Vascular Plant Biodiversity of Floodplain Forest Geobiocoenosis in Lower Morava River Basin (Forest District Tvrdonice), Czech Republic
10.2478/v10285-012-0067-3 Journal of Landscape Ecology (2013), Vol: 6 / No. 2. VASCULAR PLANT BIODIVERSITY OF FLOODPLAIN FOREST GEOBIOCOENOSIS IN LOWER MORAVA RIVER BASIN (FOREST DISTRICT TVRDONICE), CZECH REPUBLIC PETR MADĚRA, RADOMÍR ŘEPKA, JAN ŠEBESTA, TOMÁŠ KOUTECKÝ, MARTIN KLIMÁNEK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected] Received: 9th September 2013, Accepted: 3rd November 2013 ABSTRACT This paper presents an evaluation of full-area floristic mapping of floodplain forest in Tvrdonice forest district (Židlochovice Forest Enterprise) based on a single forest stand inventory. The study area encompasses 2,200 ha of forests, where 769 segments were inventoried, and 46,886 single records about presence of vascular plant species were catalogued. We found 612 species (incl. subspecies and hybrids), out of which 514 were herbs, 98 were woody plants, 113 were endangered species and 170 were adventive species. The average area of a segment is 2.86 ha. The mean number of species per segment is 60.97 in a range of 4–151. Key words: biodiversity, vascular plants, floodplain forest, forest district Tvrdonice, Czech Republic INTRODUCTION Formations of floodplain forests in Europe are classified as azonal; however, their vegetation differs in particular parts of Europe both in its physiognomy and species composition (Bohn et al. 2003). Floodplains and floodplain forests in alluvia of large rivers are dynamic ecosystems, which are subject to fast changes in the temporal as well as spatial sense (Klimo et al. 2008). They are relatively young communities, as regards their development, and are affected by two main ecological factors – more or less cyclic flooding and a high level of the groundwater (Maděra et al.