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Plantings According to Her Garden Log

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Plantings According to Her Garden Log Listing by season, of Eloise Butler's plantings in 1915, that were "1st time" plantings according to her Garden Log. Early Plantings not present today (Exceptions noted) Eloise brought into the Garden a number of plants that are not listed today on the Garden visitor guides. Many of these were native to Minnesota and a few were not. Here is a listing of most of those plants introduced this year to the Garden for the first time - the common and botanical names listed first are names she used followed by other common names for the same plant and the newer botanical classifications, if any; then follows her source for the material. 1915 is the first year the following list of plants occur in her log. Most are shown in the photos. The inclusion of "(M.C.)" indicates a plant that was still present at the time of Martha Crone's 1951 Garden Census. "Native" indicates the plant is considered native to Minnesota or if introduced, long established. "Extant" indicates the plant is present in the Garden today. Botanical classification: Over the years Botanists have reclassified many plants from the classifications in use at the time Eloise Butler wrote her Garden Log or when Martha Crone prepared her census. I have retained the nomenclature that Eloise Butler or Martha Crone used and then provided the more current classification as used by the major listings in use today, particularly Flora of North America and the Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Minnesota. Spring 1915 Plantings ▪ Barbarea stricta [Barbarea vulgaris ] Garden Yellow Rocket, from Minnehaha. (M.C.). Introduced. (Photo) ▪ Brauneria angustifolia [Echinacea angustifolia var. angustifolia], Blacksamson Echinacea, 6 plants from Charlotte Vermont. It bloomed in August. (M.C.). Native. (Photo) ▪ Brauneria purpurea [Echinacea purpurea], Eastern Purple Coneflower, 6 plants from Charlotte Vermont. It bloomed in August. (M.C.). Not native. Extant. (Photo) ▪ Carex plantaginifolia [Carex plantaginea] Plantain leaf sedge, from Minnehaha, Native [ bloom noted April 28 1916] ▪ Cardamine pennsylvanica [Cardamine pensylvanica] Pennsylvania Bittercress, from Minnehaha. Native. (Photo) ▪ Clematis ochroleuca [Clematis ochroleuca] Curlylheads, 2 roots from New York, not native. ▪ Collinsia verna, Blue-eyed Mary, 4 clumps from Auberna Ill. Not native, [Martha Crone also planted this in 1936 from seed.] (Photo) ▪ Mertensia oblongifolia, Oblongleaf Bluebells, gift of Miss Tillisch from Montana, not native. (Photo) ▪ Morus alba, Russian Mulberry (White Mulberry), 9 plants gift of Game Commission. Introduced. ▪ Penstemon laevigatus [Penstemon digitalis] Foxglove Beardtongue, 6 plants from Charlotte Vermont. More were planted on June 21st. Native. Extant. (Photo) ▪ Penstemon hirsutus. Hairy Beardtongue, 6 plants from Charlotte Vermont. It bloomed in August. Not native. (Photo) ▪ Prunus nigra. Canadian Plum, 2 plants from Strands Nursery, Taylor’s Falls, MN. Native. ▪ Pyrus x soulardii, [P. ioensis x pumila], Soulard's crab, 2 plants from Strands Nursery, Taylor’s Falls, MN. – not considered native as previous reports of the species from Minnesota were based on cultivated specimens. ▪ Tradescantia reflexa [Tradescantia ohiensis] Bluejacket, 25 plants from Sandy Lake. Native. Five days earlier Eloise first noted the plant growing in the Garden. Extan. (Photo) ▪ Viola striata, Striped Cream Violet, from New York, not native. (Photo) ▪ Waldsteinia fragarioides. Appalachian Barren Strawberry, 12 plants from Charlotte Vermont. Native, but now on the Special Concern List. (Photo) Yellow Rocket (Barbarea vulgaris). Narrowleaf Coneflower (Echinacea Eastern Purple Coneflower Photo ©G D Bebeau angustifolia) Photo ©G D Bebeau. (Echinacea purpurea) Photo ©G D Bebeau. Pennsylvania Bittercress Blue-eyed Mary (Collinsia verna) Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon (Cardamine pensylvanica) Photo Photo ©Kyle Steel, Wisconsin digitalis) Photo ©G D Bebeau. ©G D Bebeau. Flora. Oblong Leaf Bluebells Hairy Beardtongue (Penstemon (Mertensia oblongifolia) Photo hirsutus) Photo ©James R. Sime, Bluejacket (Tradescantia ohiensis) ©Nevada Native Plant Society. Wisconsin Flora. Photo ©G D Bebeau. Striped Creme Violet (Viola striata) Appalachian Barren Strawberry Photo ©Kyle Steel, Wisconsin Flora. (Waldsteinia fragarioides) Photo ©Kitty Kohout, Wisconsin Flora. Summer 1915 Plantings ▪ Achnatherum hymenoides, Indian Rice, from the Western Ave. bridge (near the Garden). Native. ▪ Asclepias ovalifolia, Ovalleaf Milkweed, from Hopkins, native. (Photo) ▪ Aster longifolius [Symphyotrichum robynsianum] Longleaf Aster, 4 plants from Mendota. (M.C.). Native. [She noted it was planted “by [the] others” but this is the first mention of the plant in her logs- nor did she list on her early 1915 summary of Asters in the Wild Garden]. (Photo) ▪ Cichorium intybus, Chicory, no source given, introduced. Extant. (Photo) ▪ Geranium bicknellii, Bicknell’s Cranesbill, from Mr. Babcock’s [near the Garden]. Native. (Photo) ▪ Habenaria flava [Platanthera flava var. flava], Pale green orchid, 8 plants from Mahtomedi (planted again on Sept. 23rd). Native. (Photo) ▪ Habenaria hyperborea [Platanthera aquilonis] Leafy Green Orchis, (Northern Green Orchid), from big bog at Minnetonka. (M.C.). Native. (Photo) ▪ Hesperis matronalis, Dames Rocket, from big bog at Minnetonka - introduced [now considered an invasive species]. Extant. ▪ Koeleria (no species) Prairie Junegrass from Sandy Lake. Native. ▪ Oenothera serrate (so such species - so we assume O. serrulata) [Calylophus serrulatus] Yellow Sundrops, from Sandy Lake. Native [she planted more, using the same name, on July 20 sourced from Fort Snelling. (Photo) ▪ Penstemon acuminatus. Sharpleaf Penstemon, from Sandy Lake. This is possibly a mistake in her log as this plant is native only to the west coast of the U.S. ▪ Scheuchzeria, Rannoch-rush, from the quaking bog (near the Garden). Native - no photo. ▪ Sonchus arvensis, Field Sow Thistle, from Medicine Lake vicinity. Introduced and invasive with the seed listed on the MN DNR Restricted List. (Photo) ▪ Verbena bracteata. Bigbract Verbena from Glenwood Park. Native, (Photo) Ovalleaf Milkweed (Asclepias Longleaf Aster (Symphyotrichum Chicory (Cichorium intybus) ovalifolia) Photo ©Derek robynsianum) Photo ©Steve Photo ©G D Bebeau. Anderson, Wisconsin Flora. Garske, Wisconsin Flora. Bicknell's Geranium (Geranium Pale Green Orchid (Platanthera Leafy Green Orchis or Northern bicknellii) Photo ©Derek Anderson, flava) Photo ©Derek Anderson, Green Orchid (Platanthera aquilonis) Wisconsin Flora. Wisconsin Flora. Photo ©G D Bebeau Yellow Sundrops (Calylophus Field Sow Thistle (Sonchus Big-bract Verbena (Verbena serrulatus) Photo ©Emmett J. arvensis) Photo ©G D Bebeau. bracteata) Photo Patrick J. Alexander, Judziewicz, Wisconsin Flora. USDA-NRCS Plants Database. Fall 1915 Plantings ▪ Andropogon furcatus [Andropogon gerardii], Big Bluestem, a large clump from Glenwood Park. Native. Extant. (Photo) ▪ Andropogon scoparius [Schizachyrium scoparium] Little Bluestem, a clump from Glenwood Park. Native. Extant. (Photo) ▪ Artemisia biennis. Biennial Wormwood, from meadow near park bridge over Luce RR. Introduced. (Photo) ▪ Artemisia canadensis [Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis var. borealis] Field Sagewort, from Northern Minn. Native [Eloise noted she thought that this was the species of Artemisia. According the the University Herbarium ssp. borealis is a misapplied name and ssp. caudata is correct - a species Eloise actually planted in 1909] (Photo) ▪ Artemisia dracunculoides, Tarragon, from Blooming Prairie. Native [Eloise noted she thought that this was the species of Artemisia.] (Photo) ▪ Cornus florida, Flowering Dogwood, from Horsford’s Nursery, Charlotte Vermont. (M.C.). Not native. No Photo. ▪ Cypripedium arietinum. Ramshead Lady’s-slipper, 1 clump from Mrs. Whites Garden, Bemidji MN. (M.C.). Native. [Eloise noted she planted it by the other specimen from the Big Bog but it is not clear when that was obtained as this is the first notation of the plant. This single clump was in exchange for 100 maidenhead ferns.] (Photo) ▪ Eleocharis obtusa. Blunt Spike Rush, 2 clumps from Lake Johanna. Native. (Photo) ▪ Equisetum scirpoides. Dwarf Scouring Rush, 1 clump from Pine Coulee (near St. Paul). Native. ▪ Euphorbia marginata. Snow on the Mountain, from the garden at Washburn Home. Native. (Photo) ▪ Gentiana procera [Gentianopsis virgata ssp. virgata.] Smaller Fringed gentian, 4 plants from meadow near park bridge over Luce RR. (M.C.). Native. (Photo) ▪ Lepachys columnaris [Ratibida columnifera] Prairie Coneflower or Long-headed Coneflower, from Belt Line Bridge in Minneapolis. (M.C.) Native. (Photo) ▪ Lonicera oblongifolia. Swamp-fly Honeysuckle, from Horsford’s Nursery, Charlotte Vermont. Native. (Photo) ▪ Lonicera sullivantii [Lonicera reticulata] Grape Honeysuckle, from Horsford’s Nursery, Charlotte Vermont. Native. (Photo) ▪ Lychnis chalcedonica, Maltese Cross, planted seeds. (M.C.). Introduced. (Photo) ▪ Phragmites communis [Phragmites australis] Common reed, from vicinity of bridge 6th ave north. This species is considered both native and introduced. (Photo) Big Blue Stem (Andropogon Little Bluestem Biennial Wormwood gerardii) Photo ©G D Bebeau. (Schizachyrium scoparium) (Artemisia biennis) Photo Photo ©G D Bebeau. ©Emmett J. Judziewicz, Wisconsin Flora. Field Sagewort (Artemisia Tarragon (Artemisia Ramshead Lady's-slipper campestris) Photo ©Ken Sytsma, dracunculoides) Photo ©Keir (Cypripedium arietinum) Photo Wisconsin Flora. Morse, Wisconsin Flora. from a Kodachrome of Martha Crone Blunt
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