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Upper Columbia White Sturgeon Recovery Plan - 2012 Revision

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Upper Columbia White Sturgeon Recovery Plan - 2012 Revision Upper Columbia White Sturgeon Recovery Plan - 2012 Revision Revised December 2013 (Original November 2002) UPPER COLUMBIA WHITE STURGEON RECOVERY PLAN DISCLAIMER Recovery plans delineate reasonable actions that are believed necessary to recover or protect the species. This plan has been prepared as a cooperative effort among Canadian and U.S. Federal, Provincial, and State agencies, Canadian and U.S. tribes, and other stakeholders. Objectives will be obtained and any necessary funds made available subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. The recovery plan does not necessarily represent the views nor the official positions or approval of any individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation. The original plan developed in 2002 was considered a living document subject to modification as needed. This document represents the first revision to the original Plan and has been modified to incorporate new findings, changes in species status, and update the recovery measures. Suggested Citation: Hildebrand, L. R. and M. Parsley. 2013. Upper Columbia White Sturgeon Recovery Plan – 2012 Revision. Prepared for the Upper Columbia White Sturgeon Recovery Initiative. 129p. + 1 app. Available at: www.uppercolumbiasturgeon.org i UPPER COLUMBIA WHITE STURGEON RECOVERY PLAN Acknowledgements This revision of the Recovery Plan is based on the original document produced in 2002 and edited by Ray Beamesderfer. The following members of the Upper Columbia White Sturgeon Recovery Initiative are gratefully acknowledged for their contributions to this plan. Editors: Larry Hildebrand, Golder Associates Ltd. Mike Parsley, U.S. Geological Survey Reviewers and Contributors: Bill Duncan, Golder Associates Ltd. Bill Green, Canadian Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fisheries Commission / Ktanaxa Nation Council Courtney Druce, Fisheries and Oceans Canada Gerry Nellestijn, Salmo Watershed Streamkeepers Society James Crossman, BC Hydro Jason McLellan, Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation Llewellyn Matthews, Columbia Power Company Mitch Combs, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Matt Howell, Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation Matt Neufeld, BC Ministry of Forests Land Natural Resource Operations Ron Ek, Freshwater Fisheries Society of British Columbia Steve McAdam, BC Ministry of Environment Technical and Contractual Support: Alison Squier (Facilitator), Ziji Creative Resources, Inc. Deanne Pavlik-Kunkel (U.S. Co-Chair), Spokane Tribe of Indians Jim Powell (Canadian Co-Chair), Freshwater Fisheries Society of British Columbia The following entities are gratefully acknowledged for direct funding of this Recovery Plan update: BC Hydro Columbia Power Corporation Colville Confederated Tribes Spokane Tribe of Indians Teck Metals Ltd. ii UPPER COLUMBIA WHITE STURGEON RECOVERY PLAN Executive Summary White sturgeon are a unique and precious component of the biodiversity and cultural heritage of the Upper Columbia River but are currently threatened with extirpation from this geographic area. The current population of adult White Sturgeon in the Canadian and U.S. portions of the Upper Columbia River above Grand Coulee Dam is close to the endangered status criteria of 2,500 identified by the World Conservation Union. This coupled with an almost complete failure of natural recruitment to the population since the early 1970s led to the formation of the Upper Columbia White Sturgeon Recovery Initiative (UCWSRI) in 2001, the development of the first Recovery Plan in 2002, and the listing of this population as endangered in Canada by the Canadian Species at Risk Act (SARA). The original plan focused on short term measures designed to supplement the existing population through a conservation aquaculture program and to investigate potential causes of recruitment failure. This revised plan is the product of the UCWSRI Technical Working Group, composed of Canadian, U. S., and aboriginal governments, industrial and environmental organizations, stewardship groups, and citizens and a Community Working Group that serves as a public liaison with the broader community of affected and interested parties. The recovery plan is also intended to serve as a master plan for sturgeon restoration efforts in the U.S. portion of the Columbia River upstream from Grand Coulee Dam consistent with implementation of the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Program under the 1980 Northwest Power Act. The initial development and Implementation of this plan represents a proactive approach to species recovery and in its present form, is complimentary to the recovery and action planning activities under the Canadian Species at Risk Act. The present document represents the first major revision to the original plan. To provide a context for recommended recovery actions, this revised plan summarizes information obtained through the numerous studies conducted in the past decade on the biology and status of Upper Columbia River White Sturgeon. This information forms the basis for updates on the reasons for decline, existing conservation measures, and likely causes of recruitment failure. Objectives, targets, strategies, and measures for arresting the decline of White Sturgeon, promoting the persistence and viability of naturally-reproducing populations, and restoring opportunities for beneficial use if feasible, also are discussed. Viability refers to the ability to sustain a diverse, naturally-reproducing population as a functional component of the river ecosystem. The efficacy of restoration of natural spawning and rearing habitats will determine whether natural populations can support subsistence or recreational fishing. The degree to which naturally reproducing populations will be able to support harvest or the impacts of a future catch and release fishery will depend on the success of efforts to restore habitat conditions suitable for spawning and rearing. Therefore, the primary objectives of this revised plan are to 1) continue to monitor the status and trends of populations within the recovery areas, 2) continue supplementation to rebuild abundance and maintain genetic diversity, and 3) identify and address factors limiting natural recruitment. The short-term objectives identified in the original plan focussed on an assessment of population status and actions to prevent further reductions in White Sturgeon distribution, numbers, and genetic diversity. Many of these objectives have been met through intensive studies and the success of the conservation hatchery program. The original medium-term objectives were to determine survival limitations (bottlenecks) for remaining supportable populations and establish feasible response measures. Due to the difficulty in identifying reasons for recruitment failure, many of these objectives have not been met. The original long-term objectives to re-establish natural population age structure, achieve target abundance levels, and restore beneficial uses through self- sustaining recruitment, have not been achieved. Recovery efforts will focus on three areas that continue to provide suitable habitat: Arrow Lakes Reservoir Reach (from Revelstoke Dam to HLK), the upper Transboundary Reach (HLK to the Canada-U.S. boundary), and the iii UPPER COLUMBIA WHITE STURGEON RECOVERY PLAN lower Transboundary Reach (Canada-U.S. boundary to Grand Coulee Dam). This approach will be continually evaluated as numbers of fish present in the entire Transboundary reach increase through recovery efforts on both sides of the Canada-U.S. boundary. The Kinbasket Reach will continue to be considered as either an additional recovery area or a possible location for a failsafe population. The updated recovery targets (i.e., interim benchmarks by which progress toward recovery will be measured) for the Upper Columbia River White Sturgeon are: Minimum interim adult population sizes of 2,000 adults in the Upper Transboundary Reach (Canada) and 5,000 adults in the lower Transboundary Reach (U.S.) Naturally-produced recruitment and juvenile population sizes sufficient to support desired adult population sizes in at least two of the three potential recovery areas identified above. Stable size and age distributions in each population. Genetic diversity (including rare allele frequencies) is preserved. Abundance and natural production rates are sufficient to support beneficial uses including subsistence harvests by First Nations, Native American Indians, and recreational fishery uses. Recovery goals, objectives, and targets will be addressed using a combination of strategies and associated measures. These include continued control of direct sources of adult mortality, continued hatchery intervention to preserve population diversity and replace wild recruitment, improvements in recruitment and survival based on habitat, flow, and/or water quality restoration, and continuing adaptation based on research and monitoring of sturgeon status, limiting factors, and potential recovery actions. Specific recovery measures are identified consistent with these recovery strategies for fishery regulations, entrainment, hatchery production, water management, water quality, contaminants, habitat diversity, population connectivity, system productivity, assessment, monitoring, research, information, education, planning, coordination, and implementation. Timeframes for each measure reflect short (0-5 year), medium (5-10 year), and long (10- 50 year) term commitments for implementation of measures and expectations of
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