Fire Ecology Exam Ho. 2 Uovember 2, 1977

(3_0) 1. Using letters from the legend on the right, indicate where the following species would be most prevalent. Letters from the legend may apply to several -species or none. 1) l·lountain muhly (Muhlenbergia montanensis) . a. Ponderosa Pine .. Ce.n:tral Rockies 2) Fringed sagebrush (Artemisia frigida) b. Oak..,Brush-Rocky Mounta·ins c. Cedar-Hemlock 3) Pointleaf manzanita {Manzanita pungensJ d. Pinyan-Juniper 4) Pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubenscens} e. Douglas-fir f. Ponderosa Pine-Southern Rockies 5) Chami se (Adenostema fasciculatum) g. californ1a chaparral 6) Sugar Pine (Pinus lambertiana) h. Ponderosa Pine-Paci~ic Uorthwest 7) Garnbe 1 •s oak (Quer~ gambe l ii ) i . Arizona chaparra1 j. 3) Olack sage (Salvia mellifera) Ponderosa Pine-California 9) Aspen (Populus tremuloides) ---- 10) Ilitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) -- 11) Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) __ 12) Scrub oak (Quercus· <.lumosaJ __ 13) True r.iountain mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus) -- 14) Shrub liveoak (Quercus turbinella) -- 15) Geranium (Geraniur.1 richardsoni)

(10) 2. Before the arrival of white man to Horth America, how did young juniper trees get established and then become suppressed? -2-

,o) 3. Uhy are fires inevitable in California chaparral and how has the plant cor.munity adapted to fire? ,

(8) 4. Frequent fires (i.eo 5 years) in chaparral of northern California are not considered desirable. Assuming that you could burn every 5 years, why might this frequency be undesirable?

(6) 5. tlhat are the primary values of the Gambel oak comnunity? -3-

(15) 6. Consider•ing the total resource, what are the principle reasons for using fire in ponderosa pine plant con-munities?

(7) 7. Discuss the ecological relationships between Western Red Cedar, Western Hemlock, and Grand-fir. .. 4..

. (12} a. In what ways do aspen and lodgepole pine depend on fire? Uhich of these vegetation types is most important for livestock and wildlife, and why?