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Sorex Merriami) from Western North Dakota

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Sorex Merriami) from Western North Dakota 11 3 1623 the journal of biodiversity data April 2015 Check List NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 11(3): 1623, April 2015 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.3.1623 ISSN 1809-127X © 2015 Check List and Authors New records of Merriam’s Shrew (Sorex merriami) from western North Dakota Michael J. Shaughnessy Jr.1, 2* and Neal Woodman3 1 Department of Natural Science, Dickinson State University, Dickinson, ND 58601, USA 2 Present address: Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, OK 74464, USA 3 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 111, Washington, D.C. 20013, USA * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract: Despite having a broad geographic distribu- state and help us to better understand the northeastern tion, Merriam’s Shrew (Sorex merriami Dobson 1890) is limits of Merriam’s Shrew. known from a relatively few, widely-scattered localities. We surveyed for small mammals during two summers In North Dakota, the species was known from only a in western North Dakota, as part of a larger project single poorly-preserved specimen collected in 1913 near examining mammalian communities associated with Medora. We recently collected two new specimens of Black-tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) towns. Merriam’s Shrew from Billings and McKenzie counties Sampling was conducted in Billings and Stark counties in the western quarter of the state. These specimens from 11–16 July and 18–23 July 2011, respectively, and in confirm the presence of S. merriami in North Dakota Slope and McKenzie counties from 9–14 July and 16–21 and better define the northeastern edge of the species’ July 2012, respectively. Small mammals were collected distribution. using pitfall arrays consisting of 10 pitfalls (≥14cm in diameter and 19 cm in depth) arranged in the shape Key words: geographic range, Great Plains, prairie dog of a “Y” separated by 5 m of staked, plastic drift fenc- town, Cynomys ing (Kirkland and Sheppard 1994). Pitfall arrays were operated for five consecutive nights and checked daily. Five pitfall arrays were operated during each sampling Merriam’s Shrew (Sorex merriami Dobson 1890) is period, resulting in 1,000 total trap-nights of sam- broadly distributed throughout western North America, pling effort. Voucher specimens were deposited in the occurring from southern British Columbia to southern Dickinson State University Natural History Collection, Arizona, and from North Dakota, Nebraska and New Dickinson, ND (DSU), and the National Museum of Mexico west to California, Oregon, and Washington Natural History, Washington, DC (USNM). (S eabloom 2011). The species occurs in drier habitats and In addition to S. merriami, the Prairie Shrew (Sorex generally is associated with sagebrush steppes and open haydeni Baird, 1857) is the only other shrew in the genus grasslands (Hafner and Stahlecker 2002). Throughout Sorex known to occur in western North Dakota. Sorex its range, S. merriami typically is encountered with low haydeni occurs throughout the state (Seabloom 2011). frequency, and it is uncommon along the eastern edge The Dwarf Shrew (S. nanus) potentially could occur in of its distribution (Hoffmeister 1956). Southwestern southwestern North Dakota, but its presence there has North Dakota represents the northeastern limits of the not been documented. A number of qualitative and range of Merriam’s Shrew (Armstrong and Jones 1971; quantitative characters distinguish S. merriami from Hall 1981), and its presence there was documented by a the other two species (Junge and Hoffmann 1981). single individual collected in 1913 near Medora, Billings Like other members of the subgenus Sorex, S. merriami County. This specimen lacks a skull and was identified typically has an obvious postmandibular foramen, and based on pelage coloration (Jackson 1921). Herein, we it lacks a pigmented ridge on the lingual cingulum of report on two additional specimens of S. merriami from each unicuspid. The other two species, both members southwestern North Dakota obtained nearly a century of the subgenus Otisorex, tend to have a pigmented after the species was first recorded in the state. Our re- ridge on the lingual cingulum of the unicuspids and cent captures confirm the presence of the species in the lack an obvious postmandibular foramen. In addition, Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 1 Volume 11 | Number 3 | Article 1623 Shaughnessy and Woodman | Sorex merriami in western North Dakota both S haydeni and S. nanus have an obvious medial tine TheS. merriami capture site in Billings County , was on on the anterior face of the upper first incisor, whereas the side of a hill with a southwestern exposure (aspect S. merriami lacks this character. Sorex merriami aver- 215°; slope 30%) 17.2 km north and 3.7 km east of Medora ages a longer skull [condylobasal length of skull (CBL) (elevation 745 m; 47°04′01.56″ N, 103°28′13.44″ W). Liv- = 15.0–17.1, see Table 1 and Junge and Hoffmann 1981] ing plants occupied from 30–50% of the prairie dog town than either S. haydeni (CBL = 14.1–15.6) or S. nanus (CBL area, with the majority consisting of native perennials. = 13.8–14.8). These characters confirmed the identity of The locality is dominated by forbs but was surrounded by one of our specimens (USNM 600399). Unfortunately, grasslands composed primarily of Western Wheatgrass the teeth of the other (DSU 691) are worn, and the skull (Pascopyrum smithii) and Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracilis). is incomplete, thus complicating its identification. We Thirty-eight forbs and grasses (six non-native species) instead plotted breadth across the palate (measured were identified at this prairie dog town. The dominant as the greatest width across the upper second molars) forbs on the site were Fringed Sage (Artemisia frigida) against length of palate for 20 S. haydeni from North and White Sage (Artemisia ludoviciana), whereas, less com- Dakota, 11 S. merriami from throughout its distribution, mon forbs included Cut-leaf Goldenweed (Haplopappus and the two new specimens. spinulosus), Scarlet Globemallow (Sphaeralcea coccinea), Eighteen small mammals were captured in Billings Scarlet Gaura (Gaura coccinea), Prostrate Vervain (Verbena County (n = 11) and Stark County (n = 7). Prairie Voles bracteata) and White Milkwort (Polygala alba). (Microtus ochrogaster) were the most commonly captured Common grasses on the prairie dog town were Blue small mammal (n = 7). In addition, four shrews were col- Grama (Bouteloua gracilis), Western Wheatgrass (Pas- lected during the sampling period. Our specimen of S. copyrum smithii), Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis), Inland merriami (DSU 691) was collected on the morning of 14 Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata), and Japanese Brome (Bromus July 2011 at the Billings County site. Sorex haydeni (n = japonicus). Horizontal Juniper (Juniperus horizontalis) 2) were collected at this site along with individuals of and Western Snowberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis) the Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina brevicauda), Northern occurred along the edges of the site. Other notable plants Pocket Gopher (Thomomys talpoides) and Prairie Voles. occurring at this site included Plains Prickly Pear (Opuntia Also captured during this period were Deer Mice (Pero- polyacantha), Silver Sage (Artemisia argentea) and Foxtail myscus maniculatus; n = 3) and single specimens of the Barley (Hordeum jubatum). Northern Grasshopper Mouse (Onychomys leucogaster), Sixteen small mammals were captured in McKenzie the Hispid Pocket Mouse (Cheatodipus hispidus) and the County (n = 6) and Slope County (n = 10). Sorex haydeni Olive-backed Pocket Mouse (Perognathus fasciatus). (n = 7) and P. maniculatus (n = 6) were the two most Table 1. External and skull measurements (mm) of Sorex. Statistics are mean ± SD and range. Sorex haydeni Sorex merriami DSU 691 USNM 600399 External Measurements (n = 29) (n = 9) (n = 1) (n = 1) Head and body length (HB) 56 ± 5 63 ± 9 55 61 48 – 64 49 – 77 Tail length (TL) 35 ± 4 39 ± 3 40 38 29 – 42 32 – 42 Tail as % of head & body 63 ± 8 62 ± 10 73 62 46 – 76 51 – 84 Length of Hind Foot (HF) 11 ± 1 12 ± 1 12 12 10 – 13 11 – 13 Weight (WT) 2.9 ± 0.5 — 5 3.6 2.6 – 3.6 (n = 4) Skull measurements (n = 20) (n = 10) (n = 1) (n = 1) Condylobasal length (CBL) 15.3 ± 0.2 16.3 ± 0.5 — 16.4 14.9 – 15.6 15.5 – 17.1 (n = 12) (n = 9) Breadth of braincase (BB) 7.4 ± 0.2 8.3 ± 0.2 — 8.4 7.2 – 7.7 8.0 – 8.6 (n = 12) (n = 8) Maxillary breadth (MXB) 4.1 ± 0.1 5.1 ± 0.1 5.2 5.1 3.9 – 4.3 4.8 – 5.3 (n = 9) Breadth across M2s (M2B) 3.8 ± 0.1 5.0 ± 0.1 4.9 4.9 3.6 – 4.0 4.8 – 5.2 Length of palate (PL) 6.4 ± 0.2 7.3 ± 0.3 7.7 7.2 6.0 – 6.8 6.8 – 7.8 Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 2 Volume 11 | Number 3 | Article 1623 Shaughnessy and Woodman | Sorex merriami in western North Dakota commonly captured species. Our second specimen of S. confirming our identification of this species (Figure 1). merriami (USNM 600399) was collected on the morning The first specimen of Merriam’s Shrew (USNM of 17 July 2012 in McKenzie County. Single specimens of 202019) to be collected from North Dakota was a female T. talpoides and P. fasciatus were also captured at the site. found dead on 13 June 1913 among the rocks on top of a The S. merriami capture site in McKenzie County), was high butte near Medora, Billings County, North Dakota. on the upslope of a draw with an eastern exposure (aspect It had been partly eaten, and the head was missing 110°, slope 5%) 8.5 km south and 56.4 km west of Wat- (Bailey et al.
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