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Outline What Are What Are Processing a Processing Aids? The Issue of Undeclared Ingredients in Halal ﻗﺿﻳﺔ اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت ﻏﻳر اﻟﻣﻌﻠﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻏذﻳﺔ ا ﻟ ﻣ ﺟ ﻬ زة اﻟﺣﻼﻝ؟ Food Processing اﻟﺗرﻛﻳز ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺎت اﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻌﻳﺔ A Focus on Processing Aids أ.د. ﻣﻳﺎن ﻣﺣﻣد ﻧدﻳم رﻳﺎض .Mian N. Riaz, Ph.D ﻣدﻳر أﺑﺣﺎث اﻟﺑروﺗﻳن، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻛﺳﺎس أﻳﻪ أﻧد أم، ﺗﺎﻣو، اﻟوﻻﻳﺎت Food Protein R&D Center; Texas A&M University اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة اﻷﻣرﻳﻛﻳﺔ College Station, Texas USA ورشة الحﻻل اﻷولى First Halal Workshop 11 مايو May, 2014 2014 11 معھد الكويت لﻷبحاث العلمية Kuwait Institute for Scientific دولة الكويت Research, State of Kuwait Outline What are Processing AAids?ids? Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients What are processing aids?aids? Processing aids are substances that are approved by both the Sources of processing aidsaids Food and Drug Administration Why use processing aids and hidden (FDA) and the U.S. Department ingredients? of Agriculture (USDA) Are All hidden ingredients are Halal? They are used in the production Examples of hidden ingredients of a variety of foods – meat, Control of Halal food processing aid poultry, produce, etc., and are and hidden ingredients not present in any significant amount in the finished product What are Processing Aids? What are Processing aids? Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients The use of food Both the FDA and USDA recognize three situations in which a processing aid has manufacturing substance is deemed to be a processing aid: become more prominent in recent 11.. When substances are added to a food during processing years, due to the but subsequently removed before the food reaches its finished increased production form (example activated charcoals which filter out impurities) of prepared, processed, and convenience foods What are Processing aids? What are Processing aids? Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients 2. When substances are added to a food during processing and are ultimately converted into components that naturally occur 3.When substances are added to a food during processing and in the food at insignificant levels that do not change the remain in the food but are present at only an insignificant level natural makeup of the finished product and have no technical or functionafunctionall effect in the finished food Example: This could be some thing like pH adjuster that Example of this is sodium acid pyrophosphate used as a converts to salt and doesn’t significantly add to the level of salt leavening agent in the food Functions of Processing Aids Functions of Processing Aids Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing aids may perform a number of functions in Facilitating an easier removal of impurities the food production process (flocculants) Serve to enhance food safety by reducing potential contamination in food during processing (antimicrobials) Functions of Processing Aids Functions of Processing Aids Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients Ease the processing of the food product as a Prevent the food product from crystallizing in the flow agent processing conditions Functions of Processing Aids Functions of Processing Aids Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients OOtherther functions that processing aids serve In General: include a pH control agent, a catalyst, or a Food processing aids clarifying agent help to improve flavor, improve its taste or nutrition value, appearance, freshness and safety Examples of Common Processing Aids Examples of Common Processing Aids Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients Some processing DeDe--coloringcoloring agents (examples include aids approved by FDA dimethylamine epichlorohydrin co- co-polymerpolymer,, that are commonly which is used as a dede--coloringcoloring agent in the used in food refinement of sugar) production include: Fruit and vegetable washes (examples include organic acids and chlorine washeswashes)) Examples of Common Processing Aids Examples of Common Processing Aids Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients Strengthening agents in food (examples Joining agents and enzymes (examples include sodium stearoyl lactylatelactylate,, used to include rennet, which helps milk join together strengthen dough in frozen pancakes and to make cheese) waffles) Examples of Common Processing Aids Examples of Common Processing Aids Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing aids approved by Control bacteria in chill water (examples USDA for use in meat and include chlorine gas and ozoneozone)) poultry products are commonly used to reduce or kill foodborne pathogens They are: Control pH (examples include ammonium hydroxide) Examples of Common Processing Aids Examples of Common Processing Aids Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients Wash products during the entire production Remove feathers from poultry (examples process (examples include organic acidsacids)) include scalding agents) Examples of Common Processing Aids Status of Processing Aids? Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing Aids and Hidden Ingredients Other antimicrobial agents used to reduce Do processing aids remain in the food after the production process is complete? If so, how much is in the finished foodfood?? foodborne pathogens (examples include Processing aids sometimes remaremainin after processing and are trisodium phosphate and ammonium present in the finished food, but only at safe and insignificant hydroxide) levels But is that amount will jeopardize the Halal status? Limitations of Halal ConsumersConsumers Limitations of Halal ConsumersConsumers Lack of awareness Understanding ppackagingackaging llabelsabels Complexity of food ingredientsingredients Ambiguous food ingredients Diversity of productsproducts Emerging nnewew ffoodood pproductsroducts Hidden Ingredients Sources of Processing Aids? Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients In acomplex a complex and globalized world it has become increasingly Some consumers may difficult to trace the lines that link raw materials with not be able to know the producers, products and consumers sources of these processing aid and have no idea why these ingredients are in the foods? Pork ((185185 Different ingredients) Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients Pancreatic Enzyme INS Number: 243,261-1, 261-2, 262-1, 262- 2, 263, 271, 280, 281, 282, 283, 296, 297, Protein 300, 301, 302, 304, 317, 322, 326, 327, 330, Bacteria 331-2, 331-1, 331-3, 332, 332-2, 333, 350-1, Hydrolysate 350-2, 351-1, 351-2, 352-1, 352-2, 363, 381, 415, 420, 421, 422, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 442, 469, 471, 472b,472c, 472f, 472g, 474, 475, 476, 478, 480, 481-2, 481-2, 482-1, 482-2, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 570, 575, 576, 578, 579, 585, 620, 621, 622, 623, 627, 631, 634, 635, 636, 639, 951, 1100, 1520 Culture Bacteria Media Varieties of Raw Materials Chemicals Undeclared Ingredients Undeclared Ingredients Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients Several ingredients are not mentioned on the label - Antifoaming agent - Releasing agent Undeclared Ingredients Undeclared Ingredients Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients - Filtering agent - Filtering agent Undeclared Ingredients Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients - Clarifying agent Undeclared Ingredients Undeclared Ingredients Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients - Bleaching Compounds - Food GradeGrade Lubricants Undeclared Ingredients Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients - Edible Coating Undeclared Ingredients Undeclared Ingredients Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients - Gum Base - Packaging Material - Gum base is the nonnon--nutritive,nutritive, non-non- . In many cases, stearate from animals digestible, waterwater--insolubleinsoluble might be used in the production of plastic bags and containers masticatory delivery system used to carry sweeteners, flavors and any . Metal cans and drums can be other desired substances in chewing contaminated with animal fats gum and bubble gum . Waxes and coatings applied to - Two of the commonly used plastic, paper and styrofoam cups ingredients which are questionable and plates might be from animal are stearates and gelatin origin Undeclared Ingredients Undeclared Ingredients Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients - Enzymes as Processing Aids - Flavor Enhancers Smoke Flavorings Undeclared Ingredients Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients Label show yeast extract and natural flavor - BBhoth are lllegal terms - Yeast extract could be from brewery waste and could contain flavor enhancers http://www.leffingwell.com/smoke1.htm#peak Undeclared Ingredients Undeclared Ingredients Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients - This label show flavor - This label show enhancer’s ee--numbernumber natural flavors, yeast extract, spice extract - But it contain, herb extract and yeast extract - What is the source of these ingredients? - Both extract could contain several flavor enhancers Processing Aids not Declared on Food LabelsLabels?? Processing aids and Hidden Ingredients Do processing aids remain in the food after the production process is completecomplete?? BecauseBecause,, by definition,
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