CAPT J.J. Herrick, USN; 13 Jul 1964
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'An Attack Took Place'
COMMENTARY Secretary of Defense many responding to urgent questions from higher competent military personnel reporting directly in Robert McNamara commands and officials in Washington. One of their areas of expertise and duty. delivers a late-night Herrick’s early messages reported that the two In the past decade, the Gulf of Tonkin has again Pentagon briefing on ships were under “continuous torpedo attack,” but commanded attention with the declassification by the Gulf of Tonkin after further review he suggested “complete the National Security Agency (NSA) of more than incident Aug. 4, 1964. evaluation before any further action taken.” After 140 formerly top-secret documents – including Hours later, President further evaluation with both commanding officers, signals intelligence (SIGINT) reports – pertaining Lyndon Johnson spoke to the American Herrick sent a clarifying message: “Certain that to Aug. 4. There may be convincing arguments people by radio, original ambush was bona fide. Details of action from a SIGINT perspective that there was no describing an attack following present a confusing picture ... Own evidence of North Vietnamese torpedo-boat by North Vietnamese ship’s screw noises or rudders may have accounted attacks, but there is also dismissal of the value of vessels on two U.S. for some. At present cannot even estimate the the human testimony. “Without the signals intel- Navy destroyers. Corbis number of boats involved.” ligence information, the administration had only Critics and historians make much of Herrick’s the confused and conflicting testimony and earlier message expressing doubt, but they down- evidence of the men and equipment involved in the play his final message. -
Operation Dominic I
OPERATION DOMINIC I United States Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests Nuclear Test Personnel Review Prepared by the Defense Nuclear Agency as Executive Agency for the Department of Defense HRE- 0 4 3 6 . .% I.., -., 5. ooument. Tbe t k oorreotsd oontraofor that tad oa the book aw ra-ready c I I i I 1 1 I 1 I 1 i I I i I I I i i t I REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NC I NA6OccOF 1 i Technical Report 7. AUTHOR(.) i L. Berkhouse, S.E. Davis, F.R. Gladeck, J.H. Hallowell, C.B. Jones, E.J. Martin, DNAOO1-79-C-0472 R.A. Miller, F.W. McMullan, M.J. Osborne I I 9. PERFORMING ORGAMIIATION NWE AN0 AODRCSS ID. PROGRAM ELEMENT PROJECT. TASU Kamn Tempo AREA & WOW UNIT'NUMSERS P.O. Drawer (816 State St.) QQ . Subtask U99QAXMK506-09 ; Santa Barbara, CA 93102 11. CONTROLLING OFClCC MAME AM0 ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE 1 nirpctor- . - - - Defense Nuclear Agency Washington, DC 20305 71, MONITORING AGENCY NAME AODRCSs(rfdIfI*mI ka CamlIlIU Olllc.) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (-1 ah -*) J Unclassified SCHCDULC 1 i 1 I 1 IO. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES This work was sponsored by the Defense Nuclear Agency under RDT&E RMSS 1 Code 6350079464 U99QAXMK506-09 H2590D. For sale by the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 19. KEY WOROS (Cmlmm a nm.. mid. I1 n.c...-7 .nd Id.nllh 4 bled nlrmk) I Nuclear Testing Polaris KINGFISH Nuclear Test Personnel Review (NTPR) FISHBOWL TIGHTROPE DOMINIC Phase I Christmas Island CHECKMATE 1 Johnston Island STARFISH SWORDFISH ASROC BLUEGILL (Continued) D. -
A Collection of Stories and Memories by Members of the United States Naval Academy Class of 1963
A Collection of Stories and Memories by Members of the United States Naval Academy Class of 1963 Compiled and Edited by Stephen Coester '63 Dedicated to the Twenty-Eight Classmates Who Died in the Line of Duty ............ 3 Vietnam Stories ...................................................................................................... 4 SHOT DOWN OVER NORTH VIETNAM by Jon Harris ......................................... 4 THE VOLUNTEER by Ray Heins ......................................................................... 5 Air Raid in the Tonkin Gulf by Ray Heins ......................................................... 16 Lost over Vietnam by Dick Jones ......................................................................... 23 Through the Looking Glass by Dave Moore ........................................................ 27 Service In The Field Artillery by Steve Jacoby ..................................................... 32 A Vietnam story from Peter Quinton .................................................................... 64 Mike Cronin, Exemplary Graduate by Dick Nelson '64 ........................................ 66 SUNK by Ray Heins ............................................................................................. 72 TRIDENTS in the Vietnam War by A. Scott Wilson ............................................. 76 Tale of Cubi Point and Olongapo City by Dick Jones ........................................ 102 Ken Sanger's Rescue by Ken Sanger ................................................................ 106 -
Three War Soldier Shortly After Finishing High School, Eighteen-Year
Three War Soldier Shortly after finishing high school, eighteen-year-old Guy Hector McCarey, Jr. of Walhalla enlisted in the United States Army. It was June 1943 and the world was engulfed in war from the broad expanses of the Pacific to the hot, dry fields of Sicily. McCarey, who had attended high schools in Charlotte, Walhalla and Florida, enlisted at Camp Blanding, near Jacksonville, FL and served in the European Theatre during World War II. After the war, he attended Clemson College as a veteran, serving as an ROTC cadet second lieutenant and graduating in January, 1950 with a degree in English. McCarey returned to the Army as an officer and was soon in the midst of another war, this time in Korea. Following his assignment there, he returned for a tour of duty in Germany. In 1964, McCarey was serving a peacetime tour of duty as the executive officer of the 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry in Korea. His driver at the time was Richard Bradley. Forty-five years later, Bradley would describe McCarey as “quite a soldier…a refined gentleman…[who] was also an accomplished pianist.” Bradley remembered that after the Tonkin Bay incident in August 1964, during which North Vietnamese torpedo boats allegedly attacked the destroyer USS Maddox, “Major McCarey told me he was going to volunteer to go to Vietnam.” The Tonkin Gulf incident would lead to a massive escalation of US involvement in Vietnam, beginning with greater assistance to the South Vietnamese forces already in the field fighting North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops. McCarey’s transfer was approved and in 1965 he was assigned to Advisory Team 70, working as senior advisor to the 1st Battalion, 7th Regiment of the Army of Vietnam’s (ARVN) 5th Infantry Division. -
David Eyman on Tonkin Gulf and the Escalation of the Vietnam
Edwin E. Moise. Tonkin Gulf and the Escalation of the Vietnam War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996. xviii + 304 pp. $39.95, cloth, ISBN 978-0-8078-2300-2. Reviewed by David Eyman Published on H-War (January, 1997) Any mention of the Tonkin Gulf is likely to North Vietnamese patrol boats on the U.S. Navy bring contradictory images to the memories of destroyers Maddox and Turner Joy. The attack those old enough to have been politically aware in was the second in three days, theMaddox having 1964. Initially the announced attack on U.S. Navy been attacked by patrol boats in the same general ships in the Tonkin Gulf aroused feelings of right‐ area on August 2. This air strike, code-named eous indignation and patriotism in Americans, Pierce Arrow, is generally considered the point at most of whom approved of the retaliatory air which United States involvement in the Vietnam strikes against North Vietnam. As time passed and conflict began to escalate sharply. Congress gave it became more evident that the destroyers in‐ President Lyndon Johnson extensive powers to volved were engaged in information-gathering ac‐ "prevent further aggression" in the form of the tivities, that at least one of the ships was not con‐ Tonkin Gulf Resolution on August 7; the press by stantly in undisputed international waters, and and large supported the government view of the that the attacks which precipitated the retaliatory actions in the Gulf of Tonkin; and the American air strikes probably never occurred, many Ameri‐ public rallied behind the president in support of cans grew uneasy about the Tonkin Gulf incident the retaliatory strike. -
A Holistic Refromulation of the Tonkin Gulf Incident
International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters March 2003, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 57–90 Context is All. A Holistic Reformulation of the Tonkin Gulf Incident Simon A. Bennett Scarman Centre for the Study of Public Order University of Leicester LE1 7QA, England [email protected] Incidents and accidents are frequently ascribed to “opera- tor” or “human error.” Until recently accident investigators have focused more on the immediate or proximate causes of incidents and accidents than on such underlying or contextual factors as production imperatives, conditioning, expectation, peer pressure, ergonomics or the quality and currency of rules, procedures and training. Some theorists, however, have attempted to sensitize accident investigators to the potential impact on human perception and behavior of contextual fac- tors. As a consequence of the work of Job (1996), Reason (1995; 1997), Snook (2000) and others accident investigators now have the opportunity to apply a systems approach to acci- dent investigation. The primary purpose of this paper is to illustrate and then test the systems or “context” approach with reference to a major incident with significant outcomes. To this end the work of Job, Reason, Snook and others is used to frame, analyze and draw conclusions from a major incident—the clash between US and North Vietnamese naval forces in the Gulf of Tonkin during the early stages of the Vietnam War. The paper’s secondary purpose is to deconstruct, illuminate and explain the incident with a view to adding to (if not correcting a part of) the historical record of the Vietnam War. 2004 marks the 40th anniversary of the Tonkin Gulf incident, described by Wise (1968) as “The Pearl Harbor of the Vietnam War.” Following the alleged second attack on US naval forces by North Vietnamese warships President Johnson ordered a major esca- lation of the war against the Viet Cong. -
Members of the USNA Class of 1963 Who Served in the Vietnam War
Members of the USNA Class of 1963 Who Served in the Vietnam War. Compiled by Stephen Coester '63 Supplement to the List of Over Three Hundred Classmates Who Served in Vietnam 1 Phil Adams I was on the USS Boston, Guided Missile Cruiser patrolling the Vietnam Coast in '67, and we got hit above the water line in the bow by a sidewinder missile by our own Air Force. ------------------- Ross Anderson [From Ross’s Deceased Data, USNA63.org]: Upon graduation from the Academy on 5 June 1963, Ross reported for flight training at Pensacola Naval Air Station (NAS) which he completed at the top of his flight class (and often "Student of the Month") in 1964. He then left for his first Southeast Asia Cruise to begin conducting combat missions in Vietnam. Landing on his newly assigned carrier USS Coral Sea (CVA-43) at midnight, by 5 am that morning he was off on his first combat mission. That squadron, VF-154 (the Black Knights) had already lost half of its cadre of pilots. Ross' flying buddy Don Camp describes how Ross would seek out flying opportunities: Upon our return on Oct 31, 1965 to NAS Miramar, the squadron transitioned from the F-8D (Crusader) to the F4B (Phantom II). We left on a second combat cruise and returned about Jan 1967. In March or April of 1967, Ross got himself assigned TAD [temporary additional duty] to NAS North Island as a maintenance test pilot. I found out and jumped on that deal. We flew most all versions of the F8 and the F4 as they came out of overhaul. -
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Lesson Plan
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Lesson Plan Central Historical Question: Was the U.S. planning to go to war with North Vietnam before the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution? Materials: • Gulf of Tonkin Powerpoint • Gulf of Tonkin Timeline • Gulf of Tonkin Documents A-D • Gulf of Tonkin Guiding Questions Plan of Instruction: 1. Show map of Vietnam (PPT) and hand out Gulf of TonkinTimeline. Have students follow along as you lecture on background to Vietnam War: • French colonialism in Vietnam: 1800s-1941. • Japan took over Vietnam during WWII, but when Japan was defeated in 1945, Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnamese independence. • But French came back in and tried to take over again; U.S. supported French. The French lost in 1954. • 1954: Geneva Convention split the country into North and South, with the idea that there would be free elections in the near future. • (U.S. DID NOT sign Geneva Accords, for fear that Communists would win the general elections). • U.S. supported South Vietnam leader, Diem. But Diem turned out to be oppressive and unpopular. He canceled elections, repressed Buddhists; caused major discontent in South Vietnam. • U.S. feared that Diem’s unpopularity will push more South Vietnamese to support Communists. So they supported a coup and Diem was overthrown and assassinated—Nov. 1, 1963. • JFK assassinated only weeks later. LBJ inherited the problem in Vietnam. • Under new weak South Vietnam government, support for Communism grew; North Vietnam smuggled weapons into South Vietnam to support Communist insurgents through a network of trails through Laos and Cambodia (Ho Chi Minh trails). • Aug. -
October 29, 1964 Issue (Dig102964.Pdf)
St\.-UKlllt:t ANut tJ{l.tiANut \,;,utMMI:i:sh.J'N i1mw~ IDU~~~~ ~brief summary of financial proposals filed with and actions by the S.E.C. Washington 25, D.C. (In .,tI.rln, .... t.xt .f R.I ••••• fro.. Pullllc.t' ••• Unit, cit•• ".It.r) (Issue No. 64-10-20) FOR RELEASE .--:0:,;:c:.,:to.;,:b:.,:e;o;.,r...;:2:.:;,9.....-=1~964-.:- _ MISSISSIPPI P6L SEIlS ORDER. Mi.si •• ippi Power & Lisbt eo.pany, a public-utility .ub.idiary of Middle South Utilities. Inc.. baa applied to the SEC for an order under the Holding Company Act with re.pect to a propo.ed transfer of a portion of it. earned .urp1us to it. capital .tock account; and the eo..1a.ion has i••ued an order (Release 35-15142) givins intere.ted per.oDS until November 23 to reque.t a bearing thereon. According to the application, Mi •• i•• ippi propo.e. to tran.fer $2,850,000 from it. earned .urplu. account, which &aOunted to $9,010,108 On August 31, 1964, to it. common capital .tock account, thereby increasing the latter to $45,600,000. 'lEL-A-SIGH FILlS FOR SECONDAllY. Te1-A-Sip. Inc •• 3401 W. 47th se ,; Chicago, filed a reiistration .tat... nt (Ftle 2-22880) with the SEC on October 28 .eekins regi.tration of 89,635 out.tanding .hares of CoaaDn .tock.' The .hares are to be offered for public sale by the pre.ent holder. thereof from time to time on the Aaerican Stock Exchanl8 or in the over-the-counter market, at price. -
The War in Vietnam
A Guide to THE WAR IN VIETNAM Classified Histories by the National Security Council A Guide to THE WAR IN VIETNAM: Classified Histories by the National Security Council Edited by Paul Kesaris Guide Compiled by Joan Gibson A Microfilm Project by UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 44 North Market Street Frederick, Maryland 21701 Copyright ® by University Publications of America All Rights Reserved ISBN 0-89093-243-3 Acronyms and Abbreviations AF Air Force AFB Air Force Base AFSTRIKE Air Force Strike AIG Adjutant or Assistant Inspector General AIRDIV Air Division ALP Australian Labor Party Amb. Ambassador AP Associated Press ARVN Army, Republic of Vietnam BLT battalion landing team ChiComs Chinese Communists CHJUSMAG Chairman, Joint U.S. Military Assistance Group CIA Central Intelligence Agency CINCAL Commander-in-Chief, Alaska Command CINCMEAFSA Commander-in-Chief, Middle East/Africa South of the Sahara/South- ern Asia CINCPAC Commander-in-Chief, Pacific CINCPACFLT Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Fleet CINCAFSTRIKE Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Air Force Strike CINCUSARPAC Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Army, Pacific CJCS Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff CNO Chief of Naval Operations COFRAM controlled fragmentation munitions COMDESDIV Commander, DeSoto Division COMPACFLT See CINCPACFLT COM7THFLT Commander, 7th Fleet COMUSMACV Commander, U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam COSVN Central Office of South Vietnam (North Vietnamese High Command in South Vietnam) CSAF Chief of Staff, Air Force CTF Commander, Task Force CTG Commander, Task -
The London Gazette B? Sut&Orttp
No. 43455 $409 The London Gazette b? Sut&orttp Registered as a Newspaper For Contents see last page TUESDAY, 6TH OCTOBER 1964 State Intelligence CROWN OFFICE Representatives of Member Governments to the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation or to subsidiary bodies thereof (Article 8 of the House of Lords, London S.W.I. Order in Council). 1st October 1964. The QUEEN has been pleased by Warrants under Her Royal Sign Manual dated the 1st October 1964, to Military Agency for Standardisation appoint Lieutenant Colonel Hilary Barrow Magnus, REMOVE Q.C., to be a Deputy Commissioner for the purposes of the National Insurance Acts 1946 to 1959 and the Canada National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Acts 1946 to Captain P. E. Haddon, 15th June 1964. 1959. Colonel G. R. Hale, 5th August 1964. 2nd October 1964. Greece The QUEEN has been pleased by Letters Patent under Air Commodore E. Karydis, 15th August 1964. the Great Seal to present The Reverend Roland Italy Douglas Seager to the Vicarage of Kirkby Woodhouse Commander R. de Meis, 31st August 1964. Saint John The Evangelist in the County of Notting- Netherlands ham, and Diocese of Southwell void by the cession Captain R. J. Hordijk, 30th June 1964. of the last Incumbent and in Her Majesty's Gift for this turn only by reason of the late avoidance of the Turkey See of Southwell. Captain E. Erdem, 8th August 1964. 5th October 1964. Major H. Bozdag, 8th August 1964. Colonel M. Bayer, 8th August 1964. The QUEEN has been pleased by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of die Realm, bearing date the 5th United States of America October 1964, to confer the dignity of a Barony of Captain R. -
Teacher Help Guide
TEACHER HELP GUIDE LESSON PLAN: The Nuclear Umbrella – Still Here After the Cold War DEVELOPED BY: John Clark, science teacher and military historian, Deltona High School, Deltona, FL 2012 Naval Historical Foundation STEM-H Teacher Fellowship INSTRUCTIONAL GOAL: (history) The Cold War period is required study under the educational standards of many states. This lesson offers an original way to cover that period in American history and potentially raise student achievement through its uniqueness. BACKGROUND: The Cold War is officially over but the threat from the evolution of nuclear weapons that created that war remains and is growing. Students need to understand that an attack on the United States by a nuclear weapon is still a very real possibility. Make the Cold War come alive for your students by using the resources and web site of the Cold War Gallery at the Naval Museum in Washington, D.C. to educate today’s students about the realities of living under a nuclear umbrella. Focusing on the role of the Navy during this long and tense 45 year period is a great way to build student interest in learning about an important chapter in recent American history. Students will gain a perspective of how living under the nuclear umbrella has evolved to present day. Our future citizens need to internalize the continuing dangers and the threat to American life evolving from the spread of nuclear weapons around the globe. If you cannot come to the museum you can use its resources by taking your students on a virtual tour of the gallery.