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Opticalman-Navedtra-10215.Pdf The terms training manual (TRAMAN) and nonresident training course (NRTC) are now the terms used to describe Navy nonresident training program materials. Specifically, a TRAMAN in- text cludes a rate training manual (RTM), officer or (OT), single subject training manual (SSTM), manual modular single or multiple subject training (MODULE); and a NRTC includes nonresident career course (NRCC), officer correspondence course (OCC), enlisted correspondence course (ECC) or combination thereof. Although the words "he," "him," and "his" are used sparingly in this manual to enhance communication, they are not intended to be gender driven nor to affront or discriminate against anyone reading this text DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Nonfederal government personnel wanting a copy of this document must write to Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 OR Commanding Officer, Naval Publications and Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120-5099, Attention: Cash Sales, for price and availability. SSSSSSS&v i OPTICALMAN NAVEDTRA 10215 1989 Edition Prepared by OMC Fred A. Carson PREFACE This training manual (TRAMAN) covers the basic theoretical knowledge and mental skills needed by the Opticalman (OM) Third and Second Class. A separate nonresident training course (NRTC) has been developed for OM3 and OM2. The completion of these courses should be combined with the practical experience acquired by on-the-job training. Completion of the NRTCs provide the usual way of satisfying the requirements for completing this TRAMAN. The assignments m the NRTCs include leaning objectives and supporting questions that have been designed to help the student learn the material in the TRAMAN. This TRAMAN and the associated NRTCs were prepared by the Naval Education and Training Program Management Support Activity, Pensacola, Florida, for the Chief of Naval Education and Training. Revised 1989 Stock Ordering No. 0502-LP-2 18-8200 Published by NAVAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAM MANAGEMENT SUPPORT ACTIVITY UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D.C.: 1989 THE UNITED STATES NAVY GUARDIAN OF OUR COUNTRY The United States Navy is responsible for maintaining control of the sea and is a ready force on watch at home and overseas, capable of strong action to preserve the peace or of instant offensive action to win in war. It is upon the maintenance of this control that our country's glorious future depends; the United States Navy exists to make it so. WE SERVE WITH HONOR Tradition, valor, and victory are the Navy's heritage from the past To these may be added dedication, discipline, and vigilance as the watchwords of the present and the future. At home or on distant stations we serve with pride, confident m the respect of our country, our shipmates, and our families. Our responsibilities sober us, our adversities strengthen us. Service to God and Country is our special privilege. We serve with honor. THE FUTURE OF THE NAVY The Navy will always employ new weapons, new techniques, and to greater power protect and defend the United States on the sea, under the sea, and in the air. Now and m the future, control of the sea gives the United States her for greatest advantage the maintenance of peace and for victory in war. Mobility, surprise, dispersal, and offensive power are the keynotes of the new Navy. The roots of the Navy he in a strong belief in the in future, continued dedication to our tasks, and in reflection on our heritage from the past. Never have our opportunities and our responsibilities been greater. n CONTENTS CHAPTER Page 1. Introduction to the Opticalman Rating 1-1 2. Nature of Light 2-1 3. Mirrors and Prisms 3-1 4. Lenses . 4-1 5. Basic Optical Systems .... 5-1 6. Design and Construction of Optical Instruments 6-1 7. Maintenance Procedures 7-1 8 Basic Instrument Repair . 8-1 9 Machine Shop Practices . 9-1 10 Optical and Navigation Equipment Maintenance 10-1 11 Night Vision Sights and Gunsights 11-1 12 Submarine Periscopes . 12-1 APPENDIX I Glossary . ... AI-1 II Common Formulae used in Optical Repair and Machine Operations . ... AII-1 III. Prefixes and Symbols used in Metric System ... AIII-1 IV. English and Metric System Units of Measurement, Common Equivalents and Conversions AIV-1 INDEX INDEX-1 111 CREDITS The illustrations indicated below are included in this edition of Opticalman 3 & 2 through the courtesy of the designated companies, publishers, and associations. Permission to use these illustrations is gratefully acknowledged. Permission to reproduce these illustrations and other materials in this publication should be obtained from the source. Source Figures Brown & Sharp Manufacturing 9-54, 9-57, 9-58, 9-60 Company 9-61, 9-63, 9-65, 9-66 Cincinnati Milacron Company 9-56 Cleveland Twist Drill Company 9-9 Reed-Prentice Corporation 9-14 South Bend Lathe Works 9-11, 9-15, 9-16, 9-18, 9-19, 9-20, 9-21, 9-22, 9-23, 9-24, 9-25, 9-26, 9-32, 9-34, 9-35, 9-36, 9-38, 9-39, 9-40, 9-41, 9-42, 9-43, 9-46, 9-47, 9-48, 9-52, 9-53 IV CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE OPTICALMAN RATING A Navy Opticalman (OM) has a big job. The NAVAL OPTICS value of the Navy's ships as combatants depends greatly on the quality and precision of naval To a physicist or a college professor, optics optics. As you advance in the Opticalman rating, is a science that deals with light and the way it the condition and quality of naval optics will acts. This type of science is referred to as depend on you. Let's see if you have what it takes PHYSICAL OPTICS. You will learn most of to keep the Navy's complex optical instruments what you will need to know about physical in top working condition. optics in chapters 2, 3, and 4 of this rate training To be an Opticalman, you must have higher manual. As a Navy Opticalman, you will become than average intelligence and better than average involved with optics as a science and an art skills with your hands. You will also need good as you deal with the care, maintenance, eyesight. You will be required to know (or learn) repair, and overhaul of optical instruments. These various types of math, including arithmetic, responsibilities are referred to as PRACTICAL algebra, geometry, and some simple trigonometry. OPTICS. You will be required to respect your tools. If you What are optical instruments? They are made do not know how to use your tools properly, you up of lenses, prisms, and mirrors or a combina- will have to learn. You will need a lot of patience tion of lenses, prisms, and mirrors which bend as you will be receiving constant practice in the the light. (Sometimes we refer to optical devices, type of work that involves extreme care and such as lenses, prisms, and mirrors, simply as precision. As an Opticalman, you will never be optics ) able to get by with careless work. Optical Navy optics are made up of three fundamental instruments are technical in nature and delicate instruments: the microscope, the telescope, and in alignment and structure. Because of these the periscope To magnify a small object that is characteristics, optical instruments are expensive close by, you would use a MICROSCOPE. To and must be handled with extreme care. magnify a larger, more distant object, you would As you advance in the Opticalman rating, you use a TELESCOPE. And, to look at an object will discover that the world of naval optics is from some point where the object would be out technically complex. No matter how much of view (such as a submarine), you would use an knowledge you gain about naval optics, there will instrument with mirrors or prisms to bend the line always be something new for you to learn. If you of sight. This instrument is known as a are going to get ahead as an Opticalman, you must PERISCOPE. stay alert and try to learn something new every All the instruments that you will work on are time you get the chance. Your ability as an either variations or combinations of these three Opticalman will not be measured in the diversity systems. For example, if you attach two telescopes of equipment you can repair, but in terms of how so you can look through one with each eye, you well and how efficiently you work. There is only have a pair of BINOCULARS. If you put a one way to make the grade: When you become reticle in a telescope (so you can point the good at one job, start learning all you can about telescope accurately by sight), and attach the the next job. Never be satisfied with what you telescope rigidly to a gun barrel, then you have know. Only carefully selected people are permitted a GUNSIGHT TELESCOPE. If you have two to strike for Opticalman. You have passed the telescopes some distance apart, and point both of screening process. Now, your progress in the them toward a target, you can calculate the range Opticalman rating will depend primarily on your of the target by measuring the distance between efforts. the telescopes and the angle between their lines 1-1 as is how of sight. If the two telescopes and the calculating know about your job an Opticalman just device are combined into one instrument, you you fit into your new organization and the Navy. have a RANGE FINDER. If you are assigned to a submarine tender (AS), a In any military operation, we want to know a destroyer tender (AD), or repair ship (AR), all we can about the enemy how many ships are you will be working in the repair department.
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