DOCSLIB.ORG

Ecology of Chaetognaths in the Indian EEZ

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ecology of Chaetognaths in the Indian EEZ Ecology of Chaetognaths in the Indian EEZ Thesis submitted to the COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In partial fulfillment of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN MARINE SCIENCE UNDER THE FACULTY OF MARINE SCIENCES by Kusum Komal Karati, M. Sc. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY Regional Centre, Cochin - 18 - June 2012 Declaration I here by declare that the thesis entitled “ECOLOGY OF CHAETOGNATHS IN THE INDIAN EEZ” submitted by me is an authentic record of research carried out by me, under the supervision of Dr. T.V. Raveendran, Senior Principal Scientist, National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Cochin -18, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Ph. D degree of the Cochin University of Science and Technology in Marine Science and that no part of this thesis has been presented before for any other degree, diploma, or associateship in any university. Kochi 20-6-2012 (Kusum Komal Karati) Certificate I hereby certify that the thesis entitled “ECOLOGY OF CHAETOGNATHS IN THE INDIAN EEZ” submitted by Kusum Komal Karati, Research Scholar (Reg.No. 3787), National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Cochin-18, is an authentic record of research carried out by him, under my supervision in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Ph. D degree of Cochin University of Science and Technology in Marine Science and that no part of this thesis has previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, or associateship in any university. Dr. T.V. Raveendran Kochi -18 Supervising Guide, 20-06-2012 Senior Principal Scientist National Institute of Oceanography Regional Centre, Cochin- 18 Acknowledgement I am deeply indebted to my guide, Dr. T.V. Raveendran, Senior Principal Scientist, National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Cochin, for the guidance, encouragement and support, which enabled me to complete the thesis. I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. S.R. Shetye, Director, National Institute of Oceanography, India and Dr. P.S. Parameswaran, Scientist-in-Charge, National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Cochin, for their support and also for providing the facilities needed for the study. My heartfelt thanks to Dr. C.T. Achuthankutty, former Scientist- in -Charge, National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Cochin and Dr. P.K. Dinesh Kumar, Senior Principal Scientist, NIO, RC, Cochin, for the valuable advice, moral support and blessings extended towards me. I am also grateful to Dr. V.N. Sanjeevan, Director, Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology (formerly Department of Ocean Development), Kochi, for giving me an opportunity to work under the National Research Program “Marine Research - Living Resource Assessment (MR-LR)” in the Indian EEZ and also for FORV Sagar Sampada utilizing the facilities of the research vessel , during various oceanographic research cruises. I am greatly indebted to Council of Scientific and Industrial Senior Research Fellowship Research, New Delhi, for the award of during the tenure of this work. I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. K.K.C. Nair and Dr. N. Bahulayan, former Scientist- in –Charge for the support and encouragement. I express my thanks to Dr. K.V. Jayalakshmi, Senior Principal Scientist, National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Cochin for her valuable help in the statistical analysis. The timely help rendered by Dr. C. Revichandran, Dr. N.V. Madhu, Dr. R. Jyothibabu, Mr. K.R. Muraleedharan, and Ms. C.K Haridevi, Scientists, National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Cochin is also greatly acknowledged. I also extend my sincere thanks to Dr. K.K. Balachandran, Senior Technical Officer, National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Cochin, for giving me positive energy in my work and thoughts. My gratitude to Dr. M. Nair, Senior Technical Officer, and Mr. K.E. Thampi, Librarian, National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Cochin for their encouragement. I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Vijayalakshmi. R. Nair, former Deputy Director, National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Mumbai, for the guidance and scientific help in the field of taxonomy. Sincere thanks to MRLR 2nd phase NIO colleagues specially Dr. P.K. Karuppasammy, Dr. P. Jasmine, Dr. K. J. Jayalakshmi, Dr. A. Biju, Dr. Habeebrehman, Ms. C.R. Ashadevi, and Ms. G. Sumitha for the support and encouragement during the study. The work would not have been completed without the sincere support of my wife, Vineetha Gopinath, who helped me in each and every step of this work. I express my thanks to all the administrative staff and research fellows of National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Cochin, especially my biological oceanography lab mates, P.D. Reny, N. Ullas, Ms. V.P. Pravitha, T.V. Rehitha, P. Meenu, R. Ashwini and R. Rakhi for their direct or indirect help extended towards me during the period of study. Last but not the least I thank each and every person who has helped me in completing this thesis in time. Most importantly, I thank Almighty God for His blessings throughout my life that has enabled me to fulfill this accomplishment. Dedicated to my parents List of acronyms and abbreviations AS Arabian Sea ASHSW Arabian Sea High Salinity Water Mass BoB Bay of Bengal BoBPS Bay of Bengal Process Studies BT Base of the Thermocline cm Centimetre CTD Conductivity Temperature Depth DH Depth of Haul DO Dissolved Oxygen DV Displacement Volume E East e.g. exempli gratia (Latin word, meaning ‘for example’) etc. et cetera (Latin word, meaning ‘and other similar things’) EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EICC East India Coastal Current et al. et alii (Latin word, meaning ‘and others’) Fig. Figure FIM Fall Inter Monsoon FORV Fisheries and Oceanographic Research Vessel GFO Geosat Follow-On GISST Global Sea Ice Sea Surface Temperature i.e. id est (Latin word, meaning ‘that is’) ICOADS International Comprehensive Ocean Atmospheric Data Set IIOE International Indian Ocean Expedition JGOFS Joint Global Ocean Flux Studies LL Lakshadweep Low M metre MLD Mixed Layer Depth ml millilitre mm millimetre MPN Multiple Plankton Net N North ODW Oxygen Depleted Water OMZ Oxygen Minimum Zone PCA Principal Component Analysis RV Research Vessel S South SM Summer Monsoon Sp. species SW South West SSS Sea surface salinity SST Sea Surface Temperature TC Thermocline VWF Volume of Water Filtered Viz videlicet (Latin word, meaning ‘namely’ or ‘that is to say’) W West WICC West India Coastal Current WM Winter Monsoon µm micro meter Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1-27 1.1. Ecological groups of zooplankton 3 1.2. Chaetognath, a carnivorous zooplankton 5 1.3. General biology of chaetognath 7 1.3.1. Distribution 1.3.2. Morphology 1.3.3. Food and feeding 1.3.4. Breeding 1.4. Historical resume 15 1.5. Classification 17 1.6. Review of literature on Indian Ocean chaetognaths 19 1.7. Scope and purpose of study 24 Chapter 2: Study area 28-36 2.1. Arabian Sea 30 2.2. Bay of Bengal 33 2.3. Summary 35 Chapter 3: Materials and methods 37-49 3.1. Sampling 37 3.2. Physico-chemical variables 38 3.3. Biological variables 39 3.3.1. General zooplankton 3.3.2. Chaetognath 3.4. Long term monitoring of chaetognaths 43 3.5. Statistical analysis 44 3.5.1. Diversity indices 3.5.2. Cluster analysis 3.5.3. Principal component analysis 3.5.4. Mann-Whitney test 3.5.5. Wilcoxon matched pair test Chapter 4: Results – Physico-chemical features 50-76 4.1. Physical features 50 4.1.1. Arabian Sea 4.1.2. Bay of Bengal 4.2. Chemical feature 57 4.2.1. Arabian Sea 4.2.2. Bay of Bengal 4.3. Statistical analysis 61 4.4. Summary 61 Chapter 5: Results – Biological environment 77-103 5.1. Summer monsoon 77 5.1.1. Zooplankton biomass and abundance 5.1.2. Major groups of zooplankton 5.1.3. Contribution of chaetognath 5.1.4. Trophic relationship 5.2. Fall inter monsoon 80 5.2.1. Zooplankton biomass and abundance 5.2.2. Major groups of zooplankton 5.2.3. Contribution of chaetognath 5.2.4. Trophic relationship 5.3. Winter monsoon 83 5.3.1. Zooplankton biomass 5.3.2. Major groups of zooplankton 5.3.3. Contribution of chaetognath 5.3.4. Trophic relationship 5.4. Statistical analysis 86 5.5. Summary 86 Chapter 6: Results - Chaetognath distribution and ecology 104-162 6.1. Arabian Sea 104 6.1.1. Summer monsoon 6.1.2. Fall inter monsoon 6.1.3. Winter monsoon 6.1.4. Diel vertical migration 6.1.5. Temporal variation 6.2. Bay of Bengal 114 6.2.1. Summer monsoon 6.2.2 . Fall inter monsoon 6.2.3. Winter monsoon 6.2.4. Diel vertical migration 6.2.5. Temporal variation 6.3 Statistical analysis 123 6.4. Summary 126 Chapter 7: Long term monitoring 163-169 7.1. Physico-chemical variables 163 7.2. Long term changes in abundance 164 7.3. Summary 165 Chapter 8: Discussion 170 Chapter 9: Summary and Conclusion 195 References 206 List of Figures Page Fig. 1 A typical chaetognath (adapted from Hyman, 1959 and Nair, 27 2003). Fig. 2 Sampling locations in the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone. 36 Fig. 3 Vertical distribution of temperature (°C), along different 63 latitudinal transect in the upper 1000 m of the Arabian Sea during summer monsoon. Fig. 4 Vertical distribution of salinity, along different latitudinal 64 transect in the upper 1000 m of the Arabian Sea during summer monsoon. Fig. 5 Vertical profiles of the physicochemical variables, in the upper 64 1000 m of the Arabian Sea during summer monsoon. Fig. 6 Vertical distribution of temperature (°C), along different 65 latitudinal transect in the upper 1000 m of the Arabian Sea during fall inter monsoon. Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bibliography of Coastal Worm-Reef and Tubeworm Species of the World (1950-2010)
    Centre National de la Recherche Scientique Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Bibliography of Coastal Worm-Reef and Tubeworm Species of the World (1950-2010) Jer´ omeˆ Fournier Marine Biological Station Dinard This bibliographical list was compiled by Jérôme Fournier1. This list relates to the worm-reefs species and several tube-dwelling species of Annelidae and more particularly: • Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923) [Serpulidae], • Gunnarea gaimardi (Quatrefages, 1848) [Sabellariidae], • Idanthyrsus cretus Chamberlin, 1919 [Sabellariidae], • Idanthyrsus pennatus (Peters, 1854) [Sabellariidae], • Lanice conchilega (Pallas, 1766) [Terebellidae), • Lygdamis sp Kinberg, 1867 [Sabellariidae), • Owenia fusiformis Delle Chiaje, 1844 [Oweniidae), • Pectinaria gouldii (Verrill, 1874) [Pectinariidae], • Pectinaria granulata (Linnaeus, 1767) [Pectinariidae], • Pectinaria koreni (Malmgren, 1866) [Pectinariidae], • Phalacrostemma sp Marenzeller, 1895 [Sabellariidae), • Phragmatopoma caudata (Krøyer) Mörch, 1863 [Sabellariidae], • Phragmatopoma californica (Fewkes) Hartman, 1944 [Sabellariidae], • Phragmatopoma virgini Kinberg, 1866 [Sabellariidae], • Sabellaria alveolata (Linnaeus, 1767) [Sabellariidae], • Sabellaria spinulosa Leuckart, 1849 [Sabellariidae], • Serpula vermicularis Linnaeus, 1767 [Serpulidae]. We listed almost all the references in earth and life sciences relating to these species. We used the 'Web of Science' data base and the registers of the fol- lowing libraries: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (France) and University
    [Show full text]
  • Unique Physical and Chemical Properties of Kian Sand Worm
    https://doi.org/10.33805/2638-7735.123 Volume 2 Issue 1 | PDF 123 | Pages 4 Biochemistry and Modern Applications Research Article ISSN: 2638-7735 Unique Physical and Chemical Properties of Kian Sand Worm (Siphonosoma ur-pulau) Traditional Medicine: Electrical, Optical and Chemical Response of Edible Powder with Different Sizes Amrosius Masrikat1, 2 and Hendry Izaac Elim1-5* Affiliation 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia 2Nanotechnology Research Center and Innovative Creation (PPNRI-LPPM), Pattimura University, Rumah Tiga, Ambon, Indonesia 3Multidisciplinary Research Center of Excellence (MrCE), UNPATTI, RumahTiga, Ambon, Indonesia 4Physics department, Pattimura University, Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia 5Development and Innovative Center (PPI) of Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia *Corresponding author: Hendry Izaac Elim, Nanomaterials for Photonics Nanotechnology Laboratory (N4PN Lab.), Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Pattimura University, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Poka, Ambon, Indonesia, Tel: + 6285243836774, Email: [email protected] Citation: Masrikat A and Elim IH. Unique physical and chemical properties of kian sand worm (siphonosoma ur-pulau) traditional medicine: electrical, optical and chemical response of edible powder with different sizes (2019) Biochem Modern Appl 3: 51-55. Received: Sep 02, 2019 Accepted: Sep 22, 2019 Published: Sep 26, 2019 Copyright: © 2019 Masrikat A, et al., This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Sea worms or sand worms were widely spread on earth generally in beach areas with a series of different taxonomy sizes.
    [Show full text]
  • Ocean Acidification Summary
    Table of Contents View From the Masthead 2 Monterey Bay as a Window to the World 5 5 Towards a global biogeochemical sensor array Establishing a baseline for the bathypelagic community of Monterey Canyon A new coastal pelagic ecosystem paradigm? Persistent ocean presence reveals ecosystem dynamics Expeditions 16 Applying neotectonics to studies of the seafloor Remote detection of microbes in the deep 16 The dual effects of global warming and ocean acidification Seafloor mapping enables detailed seamount study Gauging risks posed by an aging shipwreck Unique AUV aids in assessing Gulf of Mexico oil spill The thawing Arctic seafloor Weird and Wonderful 29 Newly discovered group of algae live in both fresh water and the ocean 29 Submarine canyons provide mixed blessing for seafloor life Jellies eating jellies Spotting a rare sea-toad The longest brooding period On the Horizon 33 Climate change and ocean acidification Welcoming a new player in the ocean sciences 33 Behind the Scenes: Maximizing Sea Time 38 Despite the Challenges Addenda Project Summaries 41 Awards 50 Invited Lectures 51 Mentorships 54 38 Peer-Reviewed Publications 58 Other Publications 63 Board of Directors 64 2010 Annual Report 1 View From the Masthead View From the Masthead wo thousand ten started with the retooling of our strategic plan and an ambitious set of projects that promised to deliver exciting results and showcase our emphasis on merging science, engi- neering, and marine operations. What we did not anticipate, however, was working in the Gulf of Mexico! The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil platform in late April quickly set us on a new course.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemichordate Phylogeny: a Molecular, and Genomic Approach By
    Hemichordate Phylogeny: A molecular, and genomic approach by Johanna Taylor Cannon A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama May 4, 2014 Keywords: phylogeny, evolution, Hemichordata, bioinformatics, invertebrates Copyright 2014 by Johanna Taylor Cannon Approved by Kenneth M. Halanych, Chair, Professor of Biological Sciences Jason Bond, Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Leslie Goertzen, Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Scott Santos, Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Abstract The phylogenetic relationships within Hemichordata are significant for understanding the evolution of the deuterostomes. Hemichordates possess several important morphological structures in common with chordates, and they have been fixtures in hypotheses on chordate origins for over 100 years. However, current evidence points to a sister relationship between echinoderms and hemichordates, indicating that these chordate-like features were likely present in the last common ancestor of these groups. Therefore, Hemichordata should be highly informative for studying deuterostome character evolution. Despite their importance for understanding the evolution of chordate-like morphological and developmental features, relationships within hemichordates have been poorly studied. At present, Hemichordata is divided into two classes, the solitary, free-living enteropneust worms, and the colonial, tube- dwelling Pterobranchia. The objective of this dissertation is to elucidate the evolutionary relationships of Hemichordata using multiple datasets. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to Hemichordata and outlines the objectives for the dissertation research. Chapter 2 presents a molecular phylogeny of hemichordates based on nuclear ribosomal 18S rDNA and two mitochondrial genes. In this chapter, we suggest that deep-sea family Saxipendiidae is nested within Harrimaniidae, and Torquaratoridae is affiliated with Ptychoderidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Polychaete Worms Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and Genera
    THE POLYCHAETE WORMS DEFINITIONS AND KEYS TO THE ORDERS, FAMILIES AND GENERA THE POLYCHAETE WORMS Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and Genera By Kristian Fauchald NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY In Conjunction With THE ALLAN HANCOCK FOUNDATION UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Science Series 28 February 3, 1977 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix INTRODUCTION 1 CHARACTERS USED TO DEFINE HIGHER TAXA 2 CLASSIFICATION OF POLYCHAETES 7 ORDERS OF POLYCHAETES 9 KEY TO FAMILIES 9 ORDER ORBINIIDA 14 ORDER CTENODRILIDA 19 ORDER PSAMMODRILIDA 20 ORDER COSSURIDA 21 ORDER SPIONIDA 21 ORDER CAPITELLIDA 31 ORDER OPHELIIDA 41 ORDER PHYLLODOCIDA 45 ORDER AMPHINOMIDA 100 ORDER SPINTHERIDA 103 ORDER EUNICIDA 104 ORDER STERNASPIDA 114 ORDER OWENIIDA 114 ORDER FLABELLIGERIDA 115 ORDER FAUVELIOPSIDA 117 ORDER TEREBELLIDA 118 ORDER SABELLIDA 135 FIVE "ARCHIANNELIDAN" FAMILIES 152 GLOSSARY 156 LITERATURE CITED 161 INDEX 180 Preface THE STUDY of polychaetes used to be a leisurely I apologize to my fellow polychaete workers for occupation, practised calmly and slowly, and introducing a complex superstructure in a group which the presence of these worms hardly ever pene- so far has been remarkably innocent of such frills. A trated the consciousness of any but the small group great number of very sound partial schemes have been of invertebrate zoologists and phylogenetlcists inter- suggested from time to time. These have been only ested in annulated creatures. This is hardly the case partially considered. The discussion is complex enough any longer. without the inclusion of speculations as to how each Studies of marine benthos have demonstrated that author would have completed his or her scheme, pro- these animals may be wholly dominant both in num- vided that he or she had had the evidence and inclina- bers of species and in numbers of specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • THE WEEVILS of FRANCE Stomatous Ccelomates (Sipunculida)
    No. 46e6 August 22, 1959 NATURE 573 Bu.t no greater damage could be done to genuine philosophy of science than to suggest that there is an THE INVERTEBRATES easy way to a solution of its problems ; let alone The Invertebrates Vol. 5 that they. may be settled by simply inspecting the Smaller Coelomate Groups-Chaetognatha, Hemi­ metaphystcs and the language of science. chord~ta, Po~onoph<:>ra, Phoronida, Ectoprocta, The book seems most stimulating in its discussion Brachtpoda, Stpunculida, The Coelomate Bilateria. of son~e of the case-studies referred to, even though ~y ~ibbi~ Henrietta Hyman. (McGraw-Hill Pub­ o_ne m1~ht have wanted some explanations on occa­ ltcatwns m the Zoological Sciences.) Pp. viii -t-783. ~ton wh1eh would have made the matter less mystify­ (London: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd. mg to the general reader. (Who of these understands 1959.) 104s. 6d. ' ' th~ theory of the hodograph ? (p. 106).) It can cer­ HE fifth volume of Dr. Hyman's series on taml.Y be warmly r~commen~ed . as accompanying readmg to more sustamed studtes m the subject. T animal phyla is devoted to the smaller ccelomate groups, except the Echiurida. These she divides into GERD BucHDAHL three sections : the enteroccelous ccelomates or Deuterostomia (Chaetognatha, Hemichordata and Po~onophora), the lophophorate ccelomates (Phor­ omda, Ectoprocta and Brachiopoda) and the proto­ THE WEEVILS OF FRANCE stomatous ccelomates (Sipunculida). It must have Faune de France, Vol. 62 been a difficult task mastering the literature on Coieopteres Curculionides (Troisieme Partie). Par such widely varied forms of life ; the bibliography Adolphe Hoffmann.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002
    Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 Edited by Clive Wilkinson PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor Dedication This book is dedicated to all those people who are working to conserve the coral reefs of the world – we thank them for their efforts. It is also dedicated to the International Coral Reef Initiative and partners, one of which is the Government of the United States of America operating through the US Coral Reef Task Force. Of particular mention is the support to the GCRMN from the US Department of State and the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. I wish to make a special dedication to Robert (Bob) E. Johannes (1936-2002) who has spent over 40 years working on coral reefs, especially linking the scientists who research and monitor reefs with the millions of people who live on and beside these resources and often depend for their lives from them. Bob had a rare gift of understanding both sides and advocated a partnership of traditional and modern management for reef conservation. We will miss you Bob! Front cover: Vanuatu - burning of branching Acropora corals in a coral rock oven to make lime for chewing betel nut (photo by Terry Done, AIMS, see page 190). Back cover: Great Barrier Reef - diver measuring large crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) and freshly eaten Acropora corals (photo by Peter Moran, AIMS). This report has been produced for the sole use of the party who requested it. The application or use of this report and of any data or information (including results of experiments, conclusions, and recommendations) contained within it shall be at the sole risk and responsibility of that party.
    [Show full text]
  • Annelida: Polychaeta) from the NE Atlantic, with Some Further Records of Related Species
    European Journal of Taxonomy 539: 1–21 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.539 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2019 · Ravara A. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:17F463A6-5663-4E82-8FD4-759ACD25D2F2 Description of a new genus and species of Chrysopetalidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the NE Atlantic, with some further records of related species Ascensão RAVARA 1,*, M. Teresa AGUADO 2, Clara F. RODRIGUES 3, Luciana GÉNIO 4 & Marina R. CUNHA 5 1,3,4,5 Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. 2 Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-Universität, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. 2 Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] 4 Email: [email protected] 5 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:677F8AB4-7FD3-483A-A047-C4BD5A6A449D 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:F9D27435-8C88-4785-A980-A3B07C41DD22 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:D54DAA7A-BE73-4E37-B5A1-760517AF1BA5 4 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:3E6080EC-1249-459C-B368-D621FB641D47 5 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:553A98B5-0AE0-424F-9ED5-EC50F129519C Abstract. Five chrysopetalid species are reported from samples collected at bathyal depths in three NE Atlantic regions: the Bay of Biscay, the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain and the Gulf of Cadiz.
    [Show full text]
  • Fauna of Whale Falls: Systematics and Ecology of a New Polychaete (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) from the Deep Pacific Ocean$
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Deep-Sea Research I 51 (2004) 1873–1887 www.elsevier.com/locate/dsr Fauna of whale falls: systematics and ecology of a new polychaete (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) from the deep Pacific Ocean$ Thomas G. Dahlgrena,Ã, Adrian G. Gloverb,c, AmyBaco d, Craig R. Smithb aTja¨rno¨ Marine Biological Laboratory, 452 96 Stro¨mstad, Sweden bDepartment of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA cZoology Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, UK dWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Biology Department, MS 33, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA Received 29 July2003; received in revised form 26 July2004; accepted 28 July2004 Available online 12 October 2004 Abstract Vigtorniella flokati, a new species of polychaete worm associated with decaying whale remains, is described. Three separate V. flokati populations were sampled using submersibles: two associated with implanted graywhale carcasses in the San Diego Trough (1240 m depth) and the Santa Cruz Basin (1670 m) off California, and one from sperm whale and balaeanopterid bones implanted on the slope of Oahu, Hawaii at 1000 m. Extraordinarilylarge numbers of live specimens were observed and videotaped in situ using submersibles in the San Diego Trough and the Santa Cruz Basin. The populations on the carcass implanted for 4 months in San Diego Trough, and on the bones implanted for 2 years off Oahu, were composed onlyof small sized individuals (including juveniles). V. flokati most closelyresembles the poorlyknown V. zaikai Kiseleva, 1992, described from the Black Sea. Forty-six morphological characters were used in a phylogenetic analysis of selected nereidiform polychaetes.
    [Show full text]
  • (Segmented Worms) A
    Worm - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worm From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Worms /ˈwɜːrm/ are many different distantly related animals that typically have a long cylindrical tube-like body and no limbs. Worms Worms vary in size from microscopic to over 1 metre (3.3 ft) in length for marine polychaete worms (bristle worms),[1] 6.7 metres (22 ft) for the African giant earthworm, Microchaetus,[2] and 58 metres (190 ft) for the marine nemertean worm (bootlace worm), Lineus longissimus.[3] Various types of worm occupy a small variety of parasitic niches, living inside the bodies of other animals. Free-living worm species do not live on land, but instead live in marine or freshwater environments, or underground by burrowing. In biology, "worm" refers to an obsolete taxon, vermes, used by Carolus Linnaeus and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck for all non-arthropod invertebrate animals, now seen to be paraphyletic. The name stems from the Old English word wyrm. Most animals called "worms" are invertebrates, but Lumbricus terrestris, the common the term is also used for the amphibian caecilians and the slow worm earthworm Anguis, a legless burrowing lizard. Invertebrate animals commonly called "worms" include annelids (earthworms and marine polychaete or Scientific classification bristle worms), nematodes (roundworms), platyhelminthes (flatworms), Kingdom: Animalia marine nemertean worms ("bootlace worms"), marine Chaetognatha (arrow worms), priapulid worms, and insect larvae such as grubs and Subkingdom: Eumetazoa maggots. (unranked): Bilateria Worms may also be called helminths, particularly in medical Phyla terminology when referring to parasitic worms, especially the Nematoda (roundworms) and Cestoda (tapeworms) which reside in the Annelida (segmented intestines of their host.
    [Show full text]
  • SHIPWORMS and the MAKING of the AMERICAN COASTLINE Derek Lee Nelson University of New Hampshire, Durham
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 2018 SHIPWORMS AND THE MAKING OF THE AMERICAN COASTLINE Derek Lee Nelson University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation Nelson, Derek Lee, "SHIPWORMS AND THE MAKING OF THE AMERICAN COASTLINE" (2018). Doctoral Dissertations. 2386. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/2386 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SHIPWORMS AND THE MAKING OF THE AMERICAN COASTLINE BY DEREK LEE NELSON Bachelor of Arts, The Evergreen State College, 2006 Master’s of Arts, Western Washington University, 2010 DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History May, 2018 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © 2018 Derek Lee Nelson ii This dissertation has been examined and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in History by: Dissertation Director, Kurkpatrick Dorsey, Professor of History and History Graduate Program Director W. Jeffrey Bolster, Professor of History Jessica Lepler, Associate Professor of History Lucy Salyer, Associate Professor of History Christine Keiner, Associate Professor Science, Technology, and Society On April 18, 2018 Original approval signatures are on file with the University of New Hampshire Graduate School. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I’ve shown pictures of teredo to hundreds of people over the years.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article
    z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 7, Issue, 08, pp.19336-19339, August, 2015 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE OPPORTUNITIES OF SEAFOOD PROCESSING DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHEAST MALUKU DISTRICT *Fredrik Rieuwpassa, Alfonsina M. Tapotubun, Matrutty, E. A. A. and Raja B. D. Sormin Department of Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fish and Marine Science, Pattimura University, Indonesia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Seafood is an excellence of sea commodities, it content a great compound of protein, minerals and Received 08th May, 2015 unsaturated fatty acids, that carachterize by the very high biological value so it is good for health. Received in revised form This excellence can be used to diversify the variety of processed products both for food and non-food 05th June, 2015 products such as cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Optimizing the marine products utilization as a raw Accepted 25th July, 2015 material of various healthy products can impact on the increase of income and living standards of the Published online 31st August, 2015 fishermen and communities along the of sore. The aim of this study was to inventory the potency of marine products in Southeast Maluku district in order to know the opportunity of seafood processed development. Research method used in this research was descriptive or exploratory, by survey Key words: approaches, field observation and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Southeast Maluku have an Opportunities, ecological dynamics, so it enabled to arise a wide variety of ecosystems with a distingtive diversity Seafood, and character, however, there were no the balance of fishing, aquaculture production compared to Development, processed product.
    [Show full text]