DOCSLIB.ORG

SHIPWORMS and the MAKING of the AMERICAN COASTLINE Derek Lee Nelson University of New Hampshire, Durham

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SHIPWORMS and the MAKING of the AMERICAN COASTLINE Derek Lee Nelson University of New Hampshire, Durham University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 2018 SHIPWORMS AND THE MAKING OF THE AMERICAN COASTLINE Derek Lee Nelson University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation Nelson, Derek Lee, "SHIPWORMS AND THE MAKING OF THE AMERICAN COASTLINE" (2018). Doctoral Dissertations. 2386. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/2386 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SHIPWORMS AND THE MAKING OF THE AMERICAN COASTLINE BY DEREK LEE NELSON Bachelor of Arts, The Evergreen State College, 2006 Master’s of Arts, Western Washington University, 2010 DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History May, 2018 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © 2018 Derek Lee Nelson ii This dissertation has been examined and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in History by: Dissertation Director, Kurkpatrick Dorsey, Professor of History and History Graduate Program Director W. Jeffrey Bolster, Professor of History Jessica Lepler, Associate Professor of History Lucy Salyer, Associate Professor of History Christine Keiner, Associate Professor Science, Technology, and Society On April 18, 2018 Original approval signatures are on file with the University of New Hampshire Graduate School. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I’ve shown pictures of teredo to hundreds of people over the years. So, I have a pretty good idea how most will react. First comes the eyebrow raise, followed by the looks of confusion, curiosity, and disgust—sometimes all at once. Next comes the word. “Teredo” is infectious and most people can’t help but give it a whirl, mouthing it to themselves, quietly and hesitantly at first, usually as I drone on with my elevator pitch. I owe a debt to all of you who couldn’t look away and who couldn’t help but say the word aloud. I can’t name you all, but our conversations taught me how to tell stories about shipworms in ways that resonate with people—as I imagine they would have to people a hundred years ago or more. My deepest thanks go to Kurk Dorsey and Jeff Bolster. As a marine topic, this project fell to them by default. They shared and shouldered the burden of overseeing a peculiar topic and I’m grateful to both of them for permitting me the long leash that I required to pursue my own interests at my own pace. I’ve found that Jeff and Kurk work extremely well together and I’ve always felt that their advice complements and never competes. It’s hard to imagine what this project would have looked like without both cooks in the kitchen. Others from the University of New Hampshire have helped me along the way. Jess Lepler has been a supporter and mentor whose advice I wish I had followed more closely during my exile in Washington State. I bookended my time at UNH assisting iv Ellen Fitzpatrick with her modern history surveys and I’m grateful for her vote of confidence. In retrospect, I wish I had studied more with Jan Golinski, especially after taking his 2011 historiography class, the most entertaining course I’ve ever taken. My friends Sarah Batterson and Mike Verney rescued me from my isolation as the sole member of my graduate cohort and made me feel welcome in New Hampshire. Sarah deserves special thanks for helping with the Ancient Greek translations. Finally, a thanks goes to Department Chair, Eliga Gould, and Department Staff, Laura Simard, Lara Demarest, and, formerly, Thea Dickerman, who’ve made being a graduate student that much easier. The University of New Hampshire has funded some of this research. I was fortunate to receive several Summer Teaching Assistant Fellowships as well as the Steelman and Rutman Awards. I’m grateful for the 2014 Graduate Student Teaching Award. There are a number of other scholars outside of UNH who have helped. Far and away, marine biologist Jim Carlton has had the biggest impact on this dissertation. I met Jim shortly after I decided to go all in on shipworms and he put me on the scent for sources that I had no idea that I needed. I’m very grateful for the encouragement from Christine Keiner and John Gillis—both reviewed the blueprint for this dissertation. Dozens of others have offered valuable advice, usually between panels at conferences. Sadly, I can only name a few of you here. Chris Pastore kindly pressed me to think big. Aboard the Sabino in Mystic, Connecticut Matt McKenzie listened to my pitch and pushed me to embrace the coastal dimensions of the project and to play up the “weaponizing” of nature, as he likes to say. Matt Klingle generously gifted me research v on teredo that he did not include in his book. A special thanks goes to Mart Stewart who, as my thesis advisor, has listened to me ramble on about teredo perhaps longer than anyone else—though neither of us knew way back when that a distracting two-page tangent on shipworms in the middle of my master’s thesis would grow into a dissertation. I cut my teeth at several conferences, seminars, and institutes. My thanks go to the Massachusetts Historical Society for inviting me to present my research at the Boston Environmental History Seminar Series in 2014. So much of this dissertation incubated during a summer at Mystic as part of the Frank C. Munson Institute of American Maritime History in 2014. My thanks go to the Munson directors, Eric Roorda and Glenn Gordinier for their invitation. I’m grateful to Tom Robertson and Richard Tucker for allowing me to participate in the “Environmental History of World War II in the United States” workshop in Ohio in 2016—that workshop helped me sharpen ideas that have come to fruition in this dissertation. Finally, I’m grateful for the support from family and friends. Arikka has been there through the highs and lows of graduate life. Moreover, as a talented writer, she read every line of the dissertation and steered me away from esoteric language. My parents and siblings helped with my move back home and supported me while I finished writing. Thanks to everyone for your support. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................ iv LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. x CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1 I. THE SHIPWORM DIASPORA Global Exchanges and Discourses in the Age of Sail ........... 22 II. “TIME FOR THE RAVAGES OF THE ‘TEREDO’” Nineteenth Century Coastal Designers Confront Shipworms Along the Southern Atlantic Seaboard and Gulf Coast ......... 64 III. THE BOOK WORM Knowing Nature Through Language .................................... 103 IV. “THE SCOURGE OF PUGET SOUND” How Teredo Hindered and Helped The People of the Pacific Northwest .................................... 136 V. AN UNNATURAL NATURAL DISASTER Marine Borer Invasions of San Francisco Bay ..................... 192 VI. “IS THE PORT OF NEW YORK IN DANGER?” The Northeast, Invasive Species, and the Professionalization of Marine Borer Research ..................... 232 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................. 270 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 277 vii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1: Shells of Teredo navalis ........................................................................ 2 FIGURE 2: Pile attacked by three genera of woodborers ........................................ 3 FIGURE 3: Teredo navalis ....................................................................................... 13 FIGURE 4: “Honeycombed” Timber ....................................................................... 14 FIGURE 5: Iconography of the Dutch Crisis ........................................................... 56 FIGURE 6: James Buchanan Eads (1820-1887) ...................................................... 77 FIGURE 7: Mississippi Jetties at South Pass ........................................................... 78 FIGURE 8: Willow Mattresses ................................................................................ 80 FIGURE 9: Creosote Chamber ............................................................................... 93 FIGURE 10: Domestic Creosote Production ........................................................... 101 FIGURE 11: Hollowed Wood .................................................................................. 109 FIGURE 12: Newspaper Graph .............................................................................. 131 FIGURE 13: Google Ngram ................................................................................... 132 FIGURE 14: Bankia setacea ................................................................................... 141 FIGURE 15: Seattle Harbor and the Duwamish Mudflats, 1854 ........................... 147 FIGURE 16: Lake Washington Ship Canal Route .................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Short Historical Investigation Into Cross-Cultural Australian Ideas
    Coolabah, No.11, 2013, ISSN 1988-5946, Observatori: Centre d’Estudis Australians, Australian Studies Centre, Universitat de Barcelona A short historical investigation into cross-cultural Australian ideas about the marine animal group Teredinidae, their socioecological consequences and some options 1 Mary Gardner Copyright©2013 Mary Gardner. This text may be archived and redistributed both in electronic form and in hard copy, provided that the author and journal are properly cited and no fee is charged. Abstract: How are contemporary multicultural coastal Australians, Aboriginals and settlers alike, to develop wiser ideas and practices towards marine animals as well as each other? To illustrate the importance and complexity of this question, I offer a short historical investigation of some contrasting ideas and practices held by Australian Aboriginal and settler cultures about marine animals of the group Teredinidae. I present two “screenshots”: one from the period 1798-1826 and another from 1970-2012. The first period examines a negative but influential interpretation by Thomas Malthus of a cross cultural encounter featuring Australian Aboriginal consumption of local Teredinidae known as “cobra”. While this cultural tone remains largely unchanged in the second period, the biological understanding of the marine animals has developed greatly. So has awareness of the socioecology of Teredinidae: their estuarine habitats and cultural significance. Their potential role as subjects of community based monitoring is undeveloped but could serve overlapping concerns of environmental justice as well as the restoration and “future proofing” of habitats. Such a new composite of ideas and practices will rely on better integration of biology with community based social innovations.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of Coastal Worm-Reef and Tubeworm Species of the World (1950-2010)
    Centre National de la Recherche Scientique Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Bibliography of Coastal Worm-Reef and Tubeworm Species of the World (1950-2010) Jer´ omeˆ Fournier Marine Biological Station Dinard This bibliographical list was compiled by Jérôme Fournier1. This list relates to the worm-reefs species and several tube-dwelling species of Annelidae and more particularly: • Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923) [Serpulidae], • Gunnarea gaimardi (Quatrefages, 1848) [Sabellariidae], • Idanthyrsus cretus Chamberlin, 1919 [Sabellariidae], • Idanthyrsus pennatus (Peters, 1854) [Sabellariidae], • Lanice conchilega (Pallas, 1766) [Terebellidae), • Lygdamis sp Kinberg, 1867 [Sabellariidae), • Owenia fusiformis Delle Chiaje, 1844 [Oweniidae), • Pectinaria gouldii (Verrill, 1874) [Pectinariidae], • Pectinaria granulata (Linnaeus, 1767) [Pectinariidae], • Pectinaria koreni (Malmgren, 1866) [Pectinariidae], • Phalacrostemma sp Marenzeller, 1895 [Sabellariidae), • Phragmatopoma caudata (Krøyer) Mörch, 1863 [Sabellariidae], • Phragmatopoma californica (Fewkes) Hartman, 1944 [Sabellariidae], • Phragmatopoma virgini Kinberg, 1866 [Sabellariidae], • Sabellaria alveolata (Linnaeus, 1767) [Sabellariidae], • Sabellaria spinulosa Leuckart, 1849 [Sabellariidae], • Serpula vermicularis Linnaeus, 1767 [Serpulidae]. We listed almost all the references in earth and life sciences relating to these species. We used the 'Web of Science' data base and the registers of the fol- lowing libraries: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (France) and University
    [Show full text]
  • Wood-Eating Bivalves Daniel L
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine University of Maine Office of Research and Special Collections Sponsored Programs: Grant Reports 1-27-2006 Evolution of Endosymbiosis in (xylotrophic) Wood-Eating Bivalves Daniel L. Distel Principal Investigator; University of Maine, Orono Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/orsp_reports Part of the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Distel, Daniel L., "Evolution of Endosymbiosis in (xylotrophic) Wood-Eating Bivalves" (2006). University of Maine Office of Research and Sponsored Programs: Grant Reports. 133. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/orsp_reports/133 This Open-Access Report is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Maine Office of Research and Sponsored Programs: Grant Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Annual Report: 0129117 Annual Report for Period:06/2004 - 06/2005 Submitted on: 01/27/2006 Principal Investigator: Distel, Daniel L. Award ID: 0129117 Organization: University of Maine Title: Evolution of Endosymbiosis in (xylotrophic) Wood-Eating Bivalves Project Participants Senior Personnel Name: Distel, Daniel Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Post-doc Graduate Student Name: Luyten, Yvette Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Graduate student participated in lab research with support from this grant. Name: Mamangkey, Gustaf Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Gustaf Mamangkey is a lecturer at the Tropical Marine Mollusc Programme, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University,Jl. Kampus UNSRAT Bahu, Manado 95115,Indonesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Bankia Setacea Class: Bivalvia, Heterodonta, Euheterodonta
    Phylum: Mollusca Bankia setacea Class: Bivalvia, Heterodonta, Euheterodonta Order: Imparidentia, Myida The northwest or feathery shipworm Family: Pholadoidea, Teredinidae, Bankiinae Taxonomy: The original binomen for Bankia the presence of long siphons. Members of setacea was Xylotrya setacea, described by the family Teredinidae are modified for and Tryon in 1863 (Turner 1966). William Leach distiguished by a wood-boring mode of life described several molluscan genera, includ- (Sipe et al. 2000), pallets at the siphon tips ing Xylotrya, but how his descriptions were (see Plate 394C, Coan and Valentich-Scott interpreted varied. Although Menke be- 2007) and distinct anterior shell indentation. lieved Xylotrya to be a member of the Phola- They are commonly called shipworms (though didae, Gray understood it as a member of they are not worms at all!) and bore into many the Terdinidae and synonyimized it with the wooden structures. The common name ship- genus Bankia, a genus designated by the worm is based on their vermiform morphology latter author in 1842. Most authors refer to and a shell that only covers the anterior body Bankia setacea (e.g. Kozloff 1993; Sipe et (Ricketts and Calvin 1952; see images in al. 2000; Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007; Turner 1966). Betcher et al. 2012; Borges et al. 2012; Da- Body: Bizarrely modified bivalve with re- vidson and de Rivera 2012), although one duced, sub-globular body. For internal anato- recent paper sites Xylotrya setacea (Siddall my, see Fig. 1, Canadian…; Fig. 1 Betcher et et al. 2009). Two additional known syno- al. 2012. nyms exist currently, including Bankia Color: osumiensis, B.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of KERALA Zoology Core Course
    1 UNIVERSITY OF KERALA First Degree Programme in Zoology Choice Based Credit and Semester System Zoology Core Course Syllabus-2015 Admission Onwards 2 FIRST DEGREE PROGRAMME IN ZOOLOGY Scheme of Instruction and Evaluation Course Study Components Instructional Credit Duration Evaluation Total Code Hrs/week of Univ. Credit T P Exam CE ESE Semster EN1111 English I 5 4 3 Hrs 20% 80% 1111 Additional language I 4 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% EN 1121 Foundation course I 4 2 3 Hrs 20% 80% CH1131.4 Complementary course I 2 2 3 Hrs 20% 80% Complementary course I 2 16 I Practical of CH1131.4 BO1131 Complementary course II 2 2 3 Hrs 20% 80% Complementary course II 2 Practical of BO1131 ZO1141 Core Course I 3 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% Core Course Practical of ZO1141 1 EN1211 English II 4 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% EN1212 English III 5 4 3 Hrs 20% 80% 1211 Additional language II 4 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% CH1231.4 Complementary course III 2 2 3 Hrs 20% 80% II Complementary course III 2 Practical of CH1231.4 17 BO1231 Complementary course IV 2 2 3 Hrs 20% 80% Complementary course II 2 Practical of BO1231 ZO1241 Core Course II 3 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% Core Course Practical of ZO1241 1 III EN1311 English IV 5 4 3 Hrs 20% 80% EN1312 Additional language III 5 4 3 Hrs 20% 80% CH1331 Complementary course V 3 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% CH1331.4 Complementary course V 2 Practical of CH1331.4 BO1331 Complementary course VI 3 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% 17 BO1332 Complementary course VI 2 Practical of BO1331 ZO1341 Core Course III 3 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% ZO1341 Core Course Practical of ZO1341 2 IV EN1411 English V 5 4 3 Hrs 20% 80% EN1411 Additional language II 5 4 3 Hrs 20% 80% CH1431.4 Complementary course VII 3 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% CH1432.4 Complementary course 2 4 3 Hrs 20% 80% Practical of CH1131.4, CH1231.4, CH1331.4, CH1431.4.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Marine Alien and Invasive Species
    Table 1: The list of 96 marine alien and invasive species recorded along the coastline of South Africa. Phylum Class Taxon Status Common name Natural Range ANNELIDA Polychaeta Alitta succinea Invasive pile worm or clam worm Atlantic coast ANNELIDA Polychaeta Boccardia proboscidea Invasive Shell worm Northern Pacific ANNELIDA Polychaeta Dodecaceria fewkesi Alien Black coral worm Pacific Northern America ANNELIDA Polychaeta Ficopomatus enigmaticus Invasive Estuarine tubeworm Australia ANNELIDA Polychaeta Janua pagenstecheri Alien N/A Europe ANNELIDA Polychaeta Neodexiospira brasiliensis Invasive A tubeworm West Indies, Brazil ANNELIDA Polychaeta Polydora websteri Alien oyster mudworm N/A ANNELIDA Polychaeta Polydora hoplura Invasive Mud worm Europe, Mediterranean ANNELIDA Polychaeta Simplaria pseudomilitaris Alien N/A Europe BRACHIOPODA Lingulata Discinisca tenuis Invasive Disc lamp shell Namibian Coast BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Virididentula dentata Invasive Blue dentate moss animal Indo-Pacific BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Bugulina flabellata Invasive N/A N/A BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Bugula neritina Invasive Purple dentate mos animal N/A BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Conopeum seurati Invasive N/A Europe BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Cryptosula pallasiana Invasive N/A Europe BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Watersipora subtorquata Invasive Red-rust bryozoan Caribbean CHLOROPHYTA Ulvophyceae Cladophora prolifera Invasive N/A N/A CHLOROPHYTA Ulvophyceae Codium fragile Invasive green sea fingers Korea CHORDATA Actinopterygii Cyprinus carpio Invasive Common carp Asia CHORDATA Ascidiacea
    [Show full text]
  • Unique Physical and Chemical Properties of Kian Sand Worm
    https://doi.org/10.33805/2638-7735.123 Volume 2 Issue 1 | PDF 123 | Pages 4 Biochemistry and Modern Applications Research Article ISSN: 2638-7735 Unique Physical and Chemical Properties of Kian Sand Worm (Siphonosoma ur-pulau) Traditional Medicine: Electrical, Optical and Chemical Response of Edible Powder with Different Sizes Amrosius Masrikat1, 2 and Hendry Izaac Elim1-5* Affiliation 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia 2Nanotechnology Research Center and Innovative Creation (PPNRI-LPPM), Pattimura University, Rumah Tiga, Ambon, Indonesia 3Multidisciplinary Research Center of Excellence (MrCE), UNPATTI, RumahTiga, Ambon, Indonesia 4Physics department, Pattimura University, Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia 5Development and Innovative Center (PPI) of Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia *Corresponding author: Hendry Izaac Elim, Nanomaterials for Photonics Nanotechnology Laboratory (N4PN Lab.), Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Pattimura University, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Poka, Ambon, Indonesia, Tel: + 6285243836774, Email: [email protected] Citation: Masrikat A and Elim IH. Unique physical and chemical properties of kian sand worm (siphonosoma ur-pulau) traditional medicine: electrical, optical and chemical response of edible powder with different sizes (2019) Biochem Modern Appl 3: 51-55. Received: Sep 02, 2019 Accepted: Sep 22, 2019 Published: Sep 26, 2019 Copyright: © 2019 Masrikat A, et al., This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Sea worms or sand worms were widely spread on earth generally in beach areas with a series of different taxonomy sizes.
    [Show full text]
  • OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES an Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals
    OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES An Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals By Paul Rudy, Jr. Lynn Hay Rudy Oregon Institute of Marine Biology University of Oregon Charleston, Oregon 97420 Contract No. 79-111 Project Officer Jay F. Watson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 500 N.E. Multnomah Street Portland, Oregon 97232 Performed for National Coastal Ecosystems Team Office of Biological Services Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 Table of Contents Introduction CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Aequorea aequorea ................................................................ 6 Obelia longissima .................................................................. 8 Polyorchis penicillatus 10 Tubularia crocea ................................................................. 12 Anthozoa Anthopleura artemisia ................................. 14 Anthopleura elegantissima .................................................. 16 Haliplanella luciae .................................................................. 18 Nematostella vectensis ......................................................... 20 Metridium senile .................................................................... 22 NEMERTEA Amphiporus imparispinosus ................................................ 24 Carinoma mutabilis ................................................................ 26 Cerebratulus californiensis .................................................. 28 Lineus ruber .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Boring Bivalve Mollusks from Isla Margarita, Venezuela
    ISSN 0738-9388 247 Volume: 49 THE FESTIVUS ISSUE 3 Marine boring bivalve mollusks from Isla Margarita, Venezuela Marcel Velásquez 1 1 Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universites, 43 Rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris, France; [email protected] Paul Valentich-Scott 2 2 Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, 93105, USA; [email protected] Juan Carlos Capelo 3 3 Estación de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita. Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales. Apartado 144 Porlama,. Isla de Margarita, Venezuela. ABSTRACT Marine endolithic and wood-boring bivalve mollusks living in rocks, corals, wood, and shells were surveyed on the Caribbean coast of Venezuela at Isla Margarita between 2004 and 2008. These surveys were supplemented with boring mollusk data from malacological collections in Venezuelan museums. A total of 571 individuals, corresponding to 3 orders, 4 families, 15 genera, and 20 species were identified and analyzed. The species with the widest distribution were: Leiosolenus aristatus which was found in 14 of the 24 localities, followed by Leiosolenus bisulcatus and Choristodon robustus, found in eight and six localities, respectively. The remaining species had low densities in the region, being collected in only one to four of the localities sampled. The total number of species reported here represents 68% of the boring mollusks that have been documented in Venezuelan coastal waters. This study represents the first work focused exclusively on the examination of the cryptofaunal mollusks of Isla Margarita, Venezuela. KEY WORDS Shipworms, cryptofauna, Teredinidae, Pholadidae, Gastrochaenidae, Mytilidae, Petricolidae, Margarita Island, Isla Margarita Venezuela, boring bivalves, endolithic. INTRODUCTION The lithophagans (Mytilidae) are among the Bivalve mollusks from a range of families have more recognized boring mollusks.
    [Show full text]
  • Ocean Acidification Summary
    Table of Contents View From the Masthead 2 Monterey Bay as a Window to the World 5 5 Towards a global biogeochemical sensor array Establishing a baseline for the bathypelagic community of Monterey Canyon A new coastal pelagic ecosystem paradigm? Persistent ocean presence reveals ecosystem dynamics Expeditions 16 Applying neotectonics to studies of the seafloor Remote detection of microbes in the deep 16 The dual effects of global warming and ocean acidification Seafloor mapping enables detailed seamount study Gauging risks posed by an aging shipwreck Unique AUV aids in assessing Gulf of Mexico oil spill The thawing Arctic seafloor Weird and Wonderful 29 Newly discovered group of algae live in both fresh water and the ocean 29 Submarine canyons provide mixed blessing for seafloor life Jellies eating jellies Spotting a rare sea-toad The longest brooding period On the Horizon 33 Climate change and ocean acidification Welcoming a new player in the ocean sciences 33 Behind the Scenes: Maximizing Sea Time 38 Despite the Challenges Addenda Project Summaries 41 Awards 50 Invited Lectures 51 Mentorships 54 38 Peer-Reviewed Publications 58 Other Publications 63 Board of Directors 64 2010 Annual Report 1 View From the Masthead View From the Masthead wo thousand ten started with the retooling of our strategic plan and an ambitious set of projects that promised to deliver exciting results and showcase our emphasis on merging science, engi- neering, and marine operations. What we did not anticipate, however, was working in the Gulf of Mexico! The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil platform in late April quickly set us on a new course.
    [Show full text]
  • Paalwormen Hoewel Hun Naam En Vorm Doet Denken Aan Een Worm, Zijn De Paalworm En De Scheepsworm Tweekleppige Weekdieren, Net Zoals De Mossel of De Kokkel
    Niet-inheemse soorten van het Belgisch deel van de Noordzee en aanpalende estuaria Paalwormen Hoewel hun naam en vorm doet denken aan een worm, zijn de paalworm en de scheepsworm tweekleppige weekdieren, net zoals de mossel of de kokkel. Ze boren gangen in hout. Beide soor- ten hebben zich al vroeg verspreid over alle we- reldzeeën, dankzij transport via scheepsrompen en drijfhout. Hierdoor is het moeilijk te achter- halen waar deze soorten oorspronkelijk vandaan komen. Scheeps- en paalwormen baren de zeelui al eeuwenlang zorgen, doordat ze het hout van schepen aantasten. Ze kregen dan ook de bijnaam ‘termieten van de zee’… paalworm © Marco Faasse (www.acteon.nl) Wetenschappelijke naam Teredo navalis Linnaeus, 1758 - paalworm Psiloteredo megotara (Hanley in Forbes & Hanley, 1848) - scheepsworm Beide soorten behoren tot de familie van de ‘paalwormen’ of de ‘Teredo wormen’. Gezien ze heel sterk op elkaar gelijken in biologie en ecologie, zullen ze in deze fiche samen besproken worden. Oorspronkelijke verspreiding Verschillende klassieke auteurs zoals Aristoteles, Ovidius en Plinius maakten in hun geschriften al melding van paalwormen, zonder echter te weten wat hun identiteit of oorsprong was. Ze verwezen daarbij naar plaatsen in het Middellandse Zeegebied [1,2]. Een eventuele vroege aanwezigheid van paalwormen in de Noord-Europese regio kan niet bevestigd worden. Er zijn immers geen overleveringen of geschriften beschikbaar die rapporteren over schade toegebracht aan Vikingschepen door deze weekdieren [1]. De paalworm heeft vandaag een bijna wereldwijde verspreiding, en komt in Europa voor vanaf het Noordpoolgebied tot in de Middellandse Zee. De scheepsworm daarentegen komt enkel voor van het Noordpoolgebied tot in de Middellandse Zee [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Comparing the Dutch and British Maritime Technologies During the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815)
    Technology and Empire: Comparing the Dutch and British Maritime Technologies during the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815) By Ivor Mollema December, 2015 Director of Thesis: Dr. Lynn Harris Major Department: History The two ships, Bato (1806) and Brunswick (1805) wrecked in Simons Bay, South Africa, provide an opportunity to compare British and Dutch maritime technologies during the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815). The former was a Dutch 74-gun ship of the line and the latter a British East Indiaman. Their remains reveal pertinent information about the maritime technologies available to each European power. Industrial capacity and advanced metal working played a significant role in ship construction initiatives of that period, while the dwindling timber supplies forced invention of new technologies. Imperial efforts during the Napoleonic Era relied on naval power. Maritime technologies dictated imperial strategy as ships were deployed to expand or maintain colonial empires. Naval theorists place the strategy into a wider spectrum and the analysis of the material culture complements further understanding of sea power. The study also recommends management options to preserve the archaeological sites for future study and to showcase for heritage tourism. TECHNOLOGY AND EMPIRE: Comparing Dutch and British Maritime Technologies During the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815) Title Page A Thesis Presented To The Faculty of the Department of History East Carolina University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts, Program in Maritime Studies by Ivor Mollema December, 2015 © Ivor Mollema, 2015 Copyright Page TECHNOLOGY AND EMPIRE: Comparing Dutch and British Maritime Technologies During the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815) by Ivor Mollema Signature Page APPROVED BY: DIRECTOR OF THESIS: ________________________________________________________ Dr.
    [Show full text]