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An Analysis of the Relationship Between Physical Activity, Dietary ORIGINAL ARTICLE European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences www.ejmed.org An Analysis of the Relationship between Physical Activity, Dietary Patterns and Obesity in Elderlies in the Work Area of the Community Health Center of Johan Pahlawan of West Aceh Regency Zakiyuddin, Fitriani, Azwar, Ishalyadi ABSTRACT . Obesity is a condition where there is accumulation of excess fat in the body. Overweight and obesity cause adverse metabolic effects on blood pressure, Published Online: November 9, 2020 cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin resistance. The work area of the ISSN: 2593-8339 Community Health Center (Puskesmas) of Johan Pahlawan is the region with the highest incidence of obesity in West Aceh with 592 cases and obese DOI: 10.24018/ejmed.2020.2.6.536 patients aged 55-70 years as many as 234 cases. This study aims to determine the relationship between physical activity, dietary patterns and Zakiyuddin the incidence of obesity in the elderly in the work area of Puskesmas of Faculty of Public Health, Teuku Umar Johan Pahlawan of West Aceh Regency. This study is an analytical study University, Aceh, Indonesia. with cross-sectional design. The sample in this study were all the elderly in (e-mail: zakiyuddin@ utu.ac.id) Fitriani* the work area of Puskesmas of Johan Pahlawan of West Aceh Regency. Fakultas of Public Health, Teuku Umar The sample was taken using the cluster sampling method, with a total of 95 University, Aceh, Indonesia. people. The data analysis technique used was the Spearman’s rank (e-mail: fitriani utu.ac.id) correlation test. It could be concluded from this analysis that there was a Azwar relationship between the incidence of obesity and physical activity (p-value Faculty of Public Health, Teuku Umar = 0,000 <α = 0.05, r = 0.389); and dietary patterns (p-value = 0,000 <α = 0, University, Aceh, Indonesia. 05, r = 0.284). In multivariate analysis, the data analysis technique used (e-mail: azwar utu.ac.id) was multiple logistic regression test. From this analysis, it could be Ishalyadi Faculty of Public Health, Teuku Umar concluded that there was a relationship between the incidence of obesity University, Aceh, Indonesia. and physical activity and dietary patterns (p-value = 0,000 <α = 0.05). (e-mail: ishalyadi utu.ac.id) Physical activity had the highest coefficient value (OR = 0.392) compared to dietary patterns, which indicated that those who had bad physical activity *Corresponding Author would have a risk of obesity 0.392 times more than those with bad dietary patterns. It is recommended for the Health Department to work together with nutritionists in dealing with obesity problems that occur in the elderly, create special activities to reduce the risk of obesity in the community, and encourage the community to be more active in doing physical activity, such as doing regular exercise. Keywords: Dietary Patterns; Obesity; Physical Activity. highest rates of overweight and obesity were found in I. INTRODUCTION Egypt, Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the Obesity is a condition where there is accumulation of United Arab Emirates [2]. The prevalence of overweight and excess fat in the body. According to Thomsen's study in obesity in these countries ranges from 74% - 86% in women 2015, obesity is known to be a risk factor for the emergence and 69% - 77% in men. These data indicate a much higher of various degenerative diseases, such as heart disease and prevalence of obesity among adult women than among adult stroke. These diseases are the leading causes of death in the men. world population, especially among the elderly. In addition Indonesia also has a high incidence rate of obesity. Based to these diseases, obesity in the elderly can also increase the on the results of Riskesdas (Indonesian Basic Health risk of damage to bones and joints, thus it can increase the Research) in 2018, the Ministry of Health points out that the risk of falling or accidents [1]. prevalence of obesity has increased since three Riskesdas Based on World Health Organization (WHO) data in periods, which are in 2007 as much as 10.5%, 2013 as much 2018, for adults aged 15 and over from 16 countries, the as 14.8% and in 2018 as much as 21.8%. The results of Riskesdas also show that the highest prevalence of obesity DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2020.2.6.536 Vol 2 | Issue 6 | Novem ber 2020 1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences www.ejmed.org according to the Body Mass Index per Age (BMI/A) at the age of ≥ 15 years is in DKI Jakarta at 41.9% and the lowest Based on the result of univariate analysis, it was found is in the province of East Nusa Tenggara at 19.3%. In Aceh that out of 95 respondents, 46 (48.4%) of the respondents Province itself, the prevalence of obesity according to did physical activity and 49 (51.6%) of them did less BMI/A at the age of ≥ 15 was 30.2% [3]. physical activity. Based on data from the monitoring report on nutritional Spearman’s rank correlation was used to determine the status in Aceh Province in 2017, the percentage of obesity in significance level of the relationship between the variables; the population aged 18-60 years (adults) based on the BMI physical activity as the independent variable and obesity indicator in adults has a fairly high prevalence in the incidence as the dependent variable. Basically, the category of overweight or obesity (52.4%), with the highest independent variable (physical activity) related to the proportion of obesity (36.4%). The highest proportion of dependent variable with a significant value of 0.000 <0.05 obesity was in Bener Meriah (45.5%) and Sabang (43.3%). and the relationship was weakly correlated with a While the lowest were in the districts of Simeulue (23.6%) correlation coefficient of 0.372. and Pidie (29.6). Based on the sex of the population in B. Correlation Analysis between Dietary Patterns and the Aceh, it can be seen that the percentage of adult male who Incidence of Obesity in the Elderly in the Work Area of are obese is (12.2%), while the percentage of adult women Puskesmas of Johan Pahlawan, West Aceh Regency who are obese is (37.3%) [4]. Based on data from the Health Office of West Aceh TABLE II: The Correlation Analysis Between Dietary Patterns and the Regency in 2017, there were 351 cases of obesity sufferers. Incidence of Obesity Correlation Variable Sig. (2-tailed) N This number increased in 2018 with 712 cases and it further coefficient increased to 1,493 cases from January to August in 2019 [5]. Physical activty 0.389 0.000 95 According to PP (Provinicial Regulation) no. 43 of 2004, an elderly is someone who has reached the age of 60 (sixty) Based on the result of univariate analysis, it was found years and over. Giving nutrition to the elderly needs an that out of 95 respondents, 47 (49.5%) of the respondents attention because optimal nutrition is the key to cure disease had good dietary patterns and 49 (51.6%) of them had bad in the elderly since they have multi-pathological problems dietary patterns. which directly or indirectly affect nutrient intake and cause Spearman’s rank correlation was used to determine the various kinds of nutritional problems [6]. Regulating the significance level of the relationship between the variables; amount of food as a source of energy must contain all dietary patterns as the independent variable and obesity nutritional elements, such as carbohydrates, protein, fat, incidence as the dependent variable. Basically, the minerals, vitamins, water and fiber in sufficient and independent variable (dietary patterns) related to the balanced quantities according to the needs of the elderly. A dependent variable with a significant value of 0.000 <0.05 diet that is not balanced between intake and the need for and the relationship was weakly correlated with a both the amount and type of food can cause overweight or correlation coefficient of 0.389. obesity. C. Results of Multivariate Analysis between Physical Activity, Dietary Patterns and the Incidence of Obesity in the Elderly in the Work Area of Puskesmas of Johan II. METHODOLOGY Pahlawan, West Aceh Regency This study used a quantitative research design with a cross sectional approach which was carried out in the work TABLE III: THE MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS BETWEEN PHYSICAL area of the Community Health Center (Puskesmas) of Johan ACTIVITY, DIETARY PATTERNS AND THE INCIDENCE OF Pahlawan, West Aceh Regency from February 3 to 23, OBESITY Variable B Wald p-Value 2020. The population in this study were all elderly people Physical activity 0.936 4.131 0.042 and the total sample was 95 people. The data analysis used Dietary patterns 1.662 13.030 0.000 was univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with correlation Constant -1.300 10.875 0.000 test and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression test. Based on the table above, it can be seen that the p-value was (0.000) <0.05, which means that physical activity and diet have a significant relationship with the incidence of III. RESULTS obesity in the elderly in the Work Area of Puskesmas of A. Correlation Analysis between Physical Activity and the Johan Pahlawan, West Aceh Regency. Incidence of Obesity in the Elderly in the Work Area of This result is in accordance with the results of the Puskesmas of Johan Pahlawan, West Aceh Regency bivariate test which shows that there is a significant relationship between physical activity and diet with the TABLE I: The Correlation Analysis Between Physical Activity and the incidence of obesity in the elderly in the Johan Pahlawan Incidence of Obesity Work Area, West Aceh Regency.
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