Project Report Course: MGT 368 Section: 05 Project Topic: Car Sharing Process

Deadline: 4th December, 2015 Submitted To Submitted By

Dr. Shamsul Islam Ashiqul Karim Bhuiyan Faculty Member ID: 132 0534 030 North South University Tamrin Al-Deen ID: 132 1098 030 Mahir Sadnam Mollah ID: 122 0995 030 Najnin Sultana ID: 123 0274 030

Introduction The concept of car sharing has emerged in different types of forms in different times throughout the world. Car sharing is basically a membership system of sharing cars where car owners share their car with other people heading towards the same destination. According to Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C. (2005) “Car sharing is a membership program intended to offer an alternative to car ownership under which persons or entities that become members are permitted to use vehicles from a fleet on an hourly basis”. Car sharing may be of different types such as formal which means using an organized car share scheme or it could be informal. Though there are some drawbacks of car sharing, it is getting popularity for its manifold advantages including reduced fuel cost and parking fees, lower carbon emission, less traffic congestion etc. This report is mainly focused on the various forms of processes or schemes on different car sharing systems. The whole car sharing systems is divided into three main category in which first two processes are more or less focused on unused car sharing through using a big business platform. The last scheme are mainly focused on ride sharing by individual owners by interacting with some other passengers. The categories are: 1) Business to Consumer Car Sharing System (B2C); 2) Peer to Peer Car Sharing System (P2P); 3) Dynamic Car Sharing System through Mobile Application. Typically all the processes has own advantages and disadvantages. The three processes has some common basic characteristics instead of having lots of distinctive parts. Although three systems operates in three different ways, eventually all are extracting benefits towards the users of the systems.

Business to Consumer Car Sharing System Process A firm act as a platform with own fleet of cars and facilitates the sharing among members. This type of car sharing system usually associated with more risk from entrepreneur’s perspective because they plan this kind of scheme using their own vehicles. Requirements for Joining B2C Car Sharing Systems Users need to join the platform of a certain company through registration. Users can join the platform by applying online. Most of the companies use both website and mobile application (On App Store & Google play). B2C car sharing companies have set some requirements for joining with their services. Some Common requirements are:  Applicants must be 21 years or older to be eligible for application/membership; 18-20 years old if affiliated with a college or university.  Applicants must have a valid driver's license and must have to submit a "declarations form" attesting to the validity of their driving history and license status.  Users are prohibited to take alcohol or any kind of drugs at cars.  Other person except members listed family members are not allowed to drive. Registration Process Users generally can become a member of car sharing system through website or mobile application. In both the platform, users need to provide their general information such as name, contact address, email address etc. and have to fulfil requirements for joining system. A one-time fee is charged upon initial membership registration. Both platform works very fast access based because here a central business organization manage all steps to keep the operation smooth. Operators frequently changes the information in platform which eliminates the probability of outdated information. In a sense B2C car sharing system does not differentiate between static and dynamic system. On contrary, there are also difference between two platforms in terms of registration and reservation. Registration Process through Website and Mobile Application Users need to submit the driving and accident record declaration documents along with a copy of license and passport or ID into the record submission section in the website for joining and using services. In case of sharing the driving time, users need to add names and relevant documents such as license of fellow family members or friends to his or her account so they can drive too. Users can only be able to be a member of the system through mobile app based systems but they can’t be able to use services until they verify their documents either through website or local office branch. The entrepreneur takes the sole risk in this system of car sharing system which force them to restrict users from using services before proper verification. Mainly applications are used for conveniently providing later on services like choosing and searching the routes. It is at a time cost efficient to use because most of those applications are freeware and copyrighted. Freeware applications are free for everybody and copyrighted applications give the owner rights to place restrictions on its use at any time if needed.

Post Registration Process and Collecting Smart Card After reviewing documents, they provide a unique smart card to each user for billing and to control vehicle access (Shaheen, 1999). User’s smart card usually arrive in the mail 3-7 days after becoming member. If they want to drive sooner, they can pick up smart card from local branch office. Users need to make sure to select this option during application. The smart card contains an integrated chip, which can be read electronically. For safety reasons, a secret PIN protects the data structure of the smart card to avoid misuse in case of loss or theft. The card has to be presented to the key manager or, with more sophisticated technologies, it can also be used to give direct keyless access into the car. As common standards will allow easy use of intermodal transport, Smart Cards will be used increasingly. Car-Sharing will have a significant part to play in this. The contactless Smart-Card can be easily combined with electronic ticket systems (TOSCA, n.d.). Reserving Process through Website Mobile Application After registration users can reserve a car through “Reservation Management System”. This allows reservations to be made, modified and cancelled. Various interfaces allow access by call centre or customer service staff, and directly by members via the web and, in some cases, an automated voice-activated telephone system (MILLARD-BALL, et al., 2005). The vehicles can be booked at any time, seven days a week. The reservations can be made spontaneously shortly before the trip or days and weeks in advance. The process is quick and simple. Users need to do is to give their customer identification and to provide information about the type of car required, the location preferred and the booking period. The booking procedure is usually completed in less than two minutes (TOSCA, n.d.). After verification companies provide a user id and password to individual user. Mobile app gives flexibility to reserve or book a car anytime from anywhere using their user id and password. Users need to provide which types of car they want, the pick-up parking space selection and also the booking period. Booking Period and Selecting Car Type This process is applicable for both the platform during reservation. User can reserve a car for as little as one hour, or as much as 7 days at a time. Whether it's a quick shopping trip or a full week of freedom, user can book in half-hour increments. Users need to choose from a list of available models and reserve the exact car they want, whether it’s a fuel-efficient hybrid or electric car, an SUV, or something in between. Moreover they can know car’s model, colour, and license plate number in advance. This is often in direct contrast to a rental car agency, which allows users to make a reservation for a particular make and model, but doesn’t guarantee that the car they select will actually be available when they arrive to get it, leaving with a vehicle that may not suit users preferences or needs (Team, 2014). Types of Reservation Regarding Drop off Location Presently B2C car sharing companies giving mainly two kinds of reservation service for their user depending on their designed model of operation. Users need to choose what types of services they want during booking a car. 1. Station-based car-sharing: This car sharing services mainly replacing traditional car rental. In this type of system vehicles are located at stations covering a specific area. Vehicles should be returned to the same pick-up station after finishing the journey by the users. Standardized fees and usage time calculated in one-hour intervals or km driven (An & Gu, 2014). 2. Free-floating car-sharing: Here vehicles are spread out across the city. No specific standardized pick-up and return points exists in this systems. Users can pick up and return anywhere within a prescribed area. Standardized fees and usage times calculated in minute intervals (An & Gu, 2014). It is a kind of one way service and it is flexible. There are reserved parking on both ends (pick up and drop off end), so when users book for a car, need to choose where they want to go. Cancellation Process of a Reservation For reservations that are less than 8 hours long, users can cancel or shorten their reservation up to 3 hours before the start time without charge. For reservations that are 8 hours or longer, users have to do it at least 24 hours in advance. If users don't cancel or shorten with the required advance notice, they will be responsible for the full amount of the reservation. For example, there's a 30-minute window in Zipcar after users book their car where they can make any changes without incurring a charge. If the Vehicle is subsequently used by another Member during the cancelled period, this portion of the cancellation fee will be waived (MODO, 2014). In case of an un-cancelled reservation and a no show by the User, the User will be: (i) Suspended from the Car Sharing Service membership and (ii) Charged with a certain amount of administration fee. For example, Fiat charge €25 for this kind of action (FIAT, 2015). Driving Process Customers can sign up for Text Alerts - reminders about reservations. Users need to arrive at their chosen pick up station of car sharing company on the booked day. Users can find the Car-Sharing vehicles at local sites, in reserved parking spaces. The mobile app allows customers to locate the car. The whole driving process are divided into some sub stages; those are: 1) Unlocking the Reserved Car: At the time of travel, users must hold their smartcard against the card reader in the windshield. Holding it steady for a few seconds the doors will unlock. Subsequently customers can use either their smartphone or smartcard to lock and unlock the vehicle. A car-key, if needed (some cars have start buttons instead of keys), is stored inside the car, attached to the steering column (Walker, 2015).

2) Checking Car before Driving: Since there are no staff at the car park, users need to check the condition of the car themselves. They are expected to return it in the same state. In case users have to refill the tank, there is a fuel-card on-board for easy cash-free transactions. If any kind of damages exist, have to report to authority through provided contact number of the services and have to demonstrate the details of damage as much as possible (TOSCA, n.d.).

3) Fuel and Parking Related Cost: Usually parked car contains with fully loaded fuel tank. Each User can use the Car Sharing Service free of charge. All additional costs related to the use of the Car Sharing Service, such as fuel and parking costs, are for the account of the User. The User must return the Vehicle with a full fuel tank. If the User returns the vehicle without a full fuel tank, company will refill the fuel tank with the User's expense (FIAT, 2015). Alternatively, some car sharing company provides a fuel card in their car. User just need to use it when fuel tank becomes ¾ empty.

4) Use of the Vehicle: The Vehicle may not be driven by anyone other than the User and cannot be given to third parties, not even in the presence of the User. Only can drive the registered fellow members from user’s side.

5) Extending Reservation while Driving: If the reservation is too short, the member will need to extend it, which is cumbersome and can only be done if there are no reservations immediately afterwards. Users can extend using the iPhone® or Android™ app, SMS, mobile website or calling on operator office. Car sharing operators typically charge a high penalty if members return the vehicle after their reservation has ended (e.g., Zipcar charges $50 as of 2011) (Barrios, 2012).

6) Clearing Toll Passes and Commercial Parking Zone: If car sharing service comes with an own toll pass, users don't need to use their own personal pass instead as this may confuse the system and result in double-charging. If user are in one of the cities that does not offer toll passes, they may use own pass as long as following the rules and regulations set up by the toll authority. In the case of an unpaid toll, company should have to redirect expense to user, along with a penalty charge. Many of the cars of car sharing services have commercial plate. So user should avoid commercial parking place area because it will cost a heavy parking ticket and toll expense.

7) Roadside Assistance: In case of an unexpected breakdown, the roadside assistance service offers convenient help based on location information and remote diagnostics (EVERIS, 2014). For Example, Zipcar membership includes roadside assistance 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

8) Accident and Breakdown: The User shall promptly report to the central system about any breakdowns, accidents or mechanical problems of the Vehicle and complete and sign the agreed statement of facts on the motor vehicle accident claim form. In case of a breakdown, the Customer must immediately contact the assistance service as indicated on the sticker displayed in the sun visor of the Vehicle (FIAT, 2015).

9) Return the Car: At the end of the trip, users have to return the car to its parking space. Car’s home location directions are available on reservation confirmation and in the mobile apps. They must put the keys back in their place, and close car or locker using smart card. As modern Car-Sharing is increasingly relying on electronic systems, ride data (mileage and time) are usually recorded and transmitted automatically. Otherwise users need to fill in a simple receipt showing mileage and time of start and return (TOSCA, n.d.). In case of station based drop off location, users need to return the car in exact place where they picked it up. On contrary, free floating drop off location selection gives users flexibility to return the car in the preferred parking place of their destination area. Returning a car after booking period associated with some additional expense.

Payment Policy of Car Sharing If Users driving plan has an annual membership fee, companies automatically charge their account each year on the anniversary date of membership. In case of changed driving plan after joining, that date will become users new renewal date. Depending on membership, reservations may be charged when users book, at the end of the reservation, or at the end of the month. Household and Corporate rates are also available. When using a car, members fill a small logbook located in the cars according to duration of use and mileage. More technological advanced companies have GPS based tracker which can record the whole driving route and mileage. Charges cover all motoring costs, including insurance, tax and fuel (which is obtained by using a special payment card in each car) (Bealtaine, 2006; Anon., 2015). Reimbursed for fuel or other expenses For out of pocket expenses, company will reimburse users. For example, in the rare case where users may need to replace wiper blades or add oil, Zipcar will reimburse up to $50. For a car wash, they reimburse up to $15. Users need to Email, fax or mail an itemized receipt within 30 days of purchase to the following, and must include name, Zipcard number, item purchased, date and time of purchase and amount (Anon., 2015). Advantage and Disadvantage of B2C Car Sharing B2C car sharing programs tend to provide more peace of mind to the renter by operating newer vehicles, and 24-hour roadside assistance. They are also generally faster to adopt friendly user interfaces for their mobile and computer applications. Among the challenges of the B2C model are that fleets may be limited and constrained to certain areas where the demand is high. Start-up costs for the business also tend to be higher because they generally invest in, and use as a selling point, the availability of new vehicles. Also, the costs B2C car sharing programs incur to secure parking in highly desirable areas with dense development and foot traffic may contribute to higher prices (Kay, et al., 2013). Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Advantages Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Disadvantages Roadside Assistance Limited Fleet Newer Vehicles Start-up Cost (e.g., securing parking spaces) Cheaper than Owning Personal Car User Interface

Real Life Example of Using B2C Car Sharing (GoGet) Many Companies presently providing car sharing services. Australia oriented GoGet is one of the famous B2C car sharing company. It works in simple 4 steps such as Join, book, swipe and go. How each steps works in real life are illustrated below: 1) Join: Users have to join by submitting information in website (https://www.goget.com.au/join). GoGet have 2 categories for registration. One is for personal usage and other is for business usage. In both the case users need to give name, address, contact number, Email address, driver license number and debit/credit card number with at least $500 in account. GoGet will mail smart card to the user after verify information.

2) Book: Users can book cars near them with GoGet’s app, mobile site or online booking system. Booking period based on hourly basis, or for a full day. Users need to select places to pick up car, booking period (starting and ending time), car type and special features. Types of car includes:  Audis  SUVs  Commercial Vans  Handyman Utes  People Movers  Wagons  Hybrid and Electric Cars Special feature includes:  Bluetooth  Child Seats  Pet Friendly  Roof Racks  Cruise Control All plans include petrol, dedicated parking, insurance, maintenance and cleaning. 3) Swipe: Users just need to take a short walk to car pick up place and hold their smart card over the reader on the car’s windscreen. The doors will unlock and the keys are in the car ready with full fuel tank for users.

4) Go: Now users can visit their friends, go to a business meeting or get away for the weekend. All they need to do is return the car to where initially picked it up. So GoGet only provides station based service. Users must be sure to leave at least a quarter tank of fuel in the car. There’s a fuel card in the car, users should fill up and the company will cover the cost. Cleaning, registration, insurance and maintenance are also included. All the cost will be redirected to users registered debit/credit card.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Car-sharing System Besides traditional car sharing system, there is another car sharing system called peer-to-peer car sharing system (Hampshire & Gaites, 2011). Peer-to-peer car sharing is the process whereby existing car owners make their vehicles available for others to rent for a period of time. This system is also known as person-to-person car sharing or peer-to-peer car rental (Armet, et al., 2014). With peer-to-peer car sharing, participating car owners are able to charge a fee to rent out their vehicles when they are not using them. Participating renters can access nearby and affordable vehicles and pay only for the time they need to use them. Business within this sector screens owners and renters. It also offers a technical platform, usually in the form of a website and mobile app, that brings these parties together, manages rental bookings and collects payment. Basically this is a website based system, but a mobile application is also needed to avail a security system. Research shows that a car, on average, is parked about 92% of its lifetime. So, there it is convenient for the owner to rent a car out that is not in use (Swenson & Beiker, 2011). In this model, the P2P car sharing company acts as an intermediary party to match owners of cars with potential renters on an hourly, daily, or even monthly basis. The cars are exchanged either by some type of pre-arranged meet up between the owner and driver or by allowing the renter to open the car with some type of hardware-software combination utilizing hardware installed in the car. Overview of General Model Although there exists considerable differentiation among the various systems, some similarities are evident for certain systems. First, the distribution of funds is comparable in different types of car sharing system. Usually, the owner receives about 60% of the fee, 20% pays the insurance company’s coverage, and the remaining 20% is kept by the P2P system provider. Almost every P2P car sharing system provider includes insurance in the price quoted to the renter, although the degree of coverage varies (Shaheen, et al., 2012). In addition, this system requires no membership fee. A renter simply pays for the time and mileage on a per rental basis. The owner is given freedom to quit the service at almost any time and to set the hours for his or her car to be shared. The whole process is discussed below from both owner’s point of view and renter’s point of view. Car-sharing Process for the Owners Owners are the persons who have their own cars and want to rent that cars out to other people who need it. Owners use the P2P car sharing system so that they can easily find renters and let the renters borrow the cars for a specific period of time. Requirements: The owner will need the following information in order to list the vehicle  Car’s license plate number.  Car’s model, and year.  At least one photo of the car. More pictures will help draw interest to the listing.  A description of the car including: i. An explanation why travellers should choose your vehicle, ii. Any special features (sunroof, music system, heated seats, etc.) iii. Any requirements, such as the need to refill with fuel. The owners need to follow some steps to get the P2P car sharing service. The steps are described below. 1. Listing the Vehicles: 1.1 Creating account: At first, the owner needs to create an account profile via the website of the system or using the mobile application. Here the owner needs to open an account through which the payment system will work. It’s based on credit card and the account is connected to the system. When the payment is done, certain amount of money is transferred to the owner’s account. After analysing the credit card information, the system allows the owners to join and share the car. 1.2 Naming the Vehicle: Here, the owners need to name their car. This name will be used to create the distinct URL for that particular car. The owners can use the URL to promote the car (Cardiff Council Travel Planning Resources, 2009) by posting on Facebook, twitter, and other social media. 1.3 Setting Location, Price, and Availability: Then the owner sets the location to let renters know where to pick up and return the car. Other location details will be sent privately with the rental instructions. The owners then set a repeating weekly schedule or use robust calendar to block off days when the car isn't available. The car is available for rentals otherwise. The owners also set price either manually or using dynamic pricing. Dynamic Pricing is an intelligent feature that adjusts the owner’s listing’s daily prices automatically, which is designed to maximize the earnings with data-driven prices. It’s based on a powerful algorithm that incorporates seasonality, demand, geography, and car type. 1.4 Providing Descriptions and Pickup Instructions: Here, the owners write down the descriptions of their cars. Usually they mention benefits, extra features, the driving experience, and anything the renter should know. Moreover, they clearly explain pickup and return instructions with location and parking details. The P2P car sharing system sends this information privately to the renter. The owners also need to share the photos of the cars to grab attention. 2. Installing Security Devices: The P2P car sharing service providers pick up the owners’ cars or send technicians to set up a vehicle technology for maximum security and convenience. It’s required for certain rides while strongly recommended for others. Users need to pay a certain amount of money to the service provider to get this service. It’s a small, hidden device installed by one of the trained technicians and it does some pretty cool stuff. Key features of this device are listed below:  Keyless Entry: No need to hand over keys-unless owner want to. Renters can use the mobile app or call 24/7 Customer Service to access their vehicle during reservation.  GPS & Accelerometer: It monitors every vehicle, keeping an eye out for sings towing, break in, harsh breaking and turns or reckless driving in general. If the vehicle needs to be located due to an emergency, the system provider can access its coordinates.  Geo-fencing: You can designate a boundary for your vehicle. Borrowers who go beyond this area will receive an alert  Recovery & Immobilization: In the unlikely event that your vehicle is stolen, or taken outside of a designated area, has the ability to notify the authorities of the vehicle location and immobilize it. 3. Insurance: Rentals of this system are insured through a certain amount of money as a primary insurance policy. Coverage includes liability, collision, property damage, uninsured motorist protection, and theft. All cars on this system include primary insurance during rentals. But owners need to maintain their own insurance outside of rentals. 4. Responding to Requests: The owner of the car gets notified when someone requests his/her car. Then the owner confirms or declines the trip as soon as possible, and contacts the traveller if the owner has any questions. The owner can get the renter’s identity when the request notification comes. The P2P car sharing service providers work with the Department of Motor Vehicles to check for good driver history as well as verify identity through Facebook, the credit bureau, and sixteen other points of reference. After observing the condition of the driver and the trip, the owner takes decision whether he/she would respond or not. 5. Exchanging Virtual Key and Renting out: After accepting the renter the owner send a text through the app or GSM network to the renter. The owner provides all necessary information about the condition of the car such as the fuel condition. After the conversation between the owner and the renter, the owner allows the renter to get access to the car. Here the system of the service provider gets notification from the owner to give permission to the renter regarding the access to unlock the car with the mobile app. The mobile app communicates directly with the company's in-vehicle telematics device in the car (Müller & Schnabel, n.d.). Finally, the car is rented out to the renter and the system starts tracking the renter’s trip. 6. Getting paid: When the trip is accepted, the payment is made by the renter. Then the system calculates the amount needed to be transferred to the owner’s account. Then the owner gets notification about the payment. Moreover, the owner can track the location of the car when the renter is ridding the car. 7. Receiving the Car: When the trip is over, the owner gets notification from the system. The owner checks whether the car is returned to the location he/she mentioned. Then the owner rate the renter according to the overall performance of the renter. 8. Other options:  The owner can cancel the reservation at least 8 hours before the ride  If the owner wants, he/she can meet the renter for further information Car-sharing Process for the Renters Renters are the persons who don’t have their own cars but rents cars from the owners. Renters use the P2P car sharing system so that they can easily find cars from the owners and borrow the cars for a specific period of time. The renters need to follow some steps to get the P2P car sharing service. The steps are described below. 1. Creating Account and Signing up: At first, the renters need to visit the website or download the mobile application to open an account. Here the renter needs to open an account through which the payment system will work. It’s based on credit card and the account is connected to the system. When the payment is done, certain amount of money is transferred to the owner’s account. The renter also need to submit his/her driving license number and the scanned license copy to the service provider. The system analyses the license information and credit card validity to allow the renter to join and rent the vehicles. 2. Finding and Reserving the Car: After signing up, the renters searches for the cars according to his/her preference, and timing. The system shows all the available cars within the location set by the renter. Once the renter has selected the car he/she simply sends a booking request to the car owner. At this point the system also sends notification to the owner of the car. As soon as the request has been accepted, the booking is confirmed (Hampshire & Sinha, 2011). The renter will be sent a booking confirmation notification which will contain the location of the car and all the details he/she needs to get on the road. 3. Collecting the Virtual Key: Once the reservation is confirmed, the system takes permission from the owner to allow the renter to unlock the car by using the mobile application. The mobile application communicates directly with the company's in-vehicle telematics device in the car. Finally, the car is rented out to the renter and the system starts tracking the renter’s trip. 4. Making Payment The renter has to make the payment just after the confirmation of the ride. Here, the renter is notified about the amount to be paid. The system calculates the total amount and send notification to the renter. Then the renter makes payment by credit card with the help of the mobile app. 5. Picking up Car and Riding: After making payment, the renter picks the car and rides confidently. The system tracks the renter’s car and provides 24/7 roadside assistance (David & August, 2005). If the renter gets a flat or have other mechanical troubles the system provider won’t leave the renter hanging on the side of the road. The renter can contact with the system provider through the mobile application. The renter also gets the comprehensive insurance benefits. This insurance includes partial recovery to the renter. 6. Returning the Car: When the ride is over, the renter returns the car to the place mentioned by the owner. Finally, the renter gives a rating to the owner and the system blocks the permission to unlock the car by the renter. 7. Other options:  The renter can cancel the reservation at least 8 hours before the ride  If the renter wants, he/she can meet the owner for further information Advantages of P2P Car-sharing  A car owner can recover a portion of his or her monthly vehicle costs.  Renters can save money because they don’t have to buy a car  It makes more efficient use of existing cars which dramatically reduce the number of cars needed to serve our community’s transport needs  Reducing the number of car leads to reduce the carbon emission  It also provides insurance benefits to the users Disadvantages of P2P Car-sharing  It is associated with the risk of renting the car to an unknown person  The liability of the renters also increases  It is hard to get a car during rush hour or emergency Real Life Example of a P2P Car Sharing System (Turo) Turo is a peer-to-peer car sharing marketplace. It allows private car-owners to rent out their vehicles via an online interface. The steps of the system of Turo is given below. 1. The owner creates a free listing with a few clicks. He/she describes the car, uploads some clean photos, and gets ready to go. The owner keeps his calendar up to date so travellers know when the car is available. 2. On the other hand, the traveller signs up for Turo with Facebook, Google, or his/her email. Turo will confirm his/her identity and eligibility so that he/she can become an approved driver. 3. The renter enters his/her travel dates and location and searches vast selection of unique, locally-owned cars. 4. Then the renter requests to rent the car. The owner will confirm or decline the trip within eight hours, but typically it’s much sooner. The renter books cars instantly on listings with the “Book Instantly” badge. 5. The owner gets notified when the renter requests his/her car. Then he/she confirms or declines the trip as soon as possible, and contacts the traveller if he/she has any questions. 6. The owner coordinates where and when to meet the traveller. He/she checks their license, walks around the car, and checks the fuel and mileage. On the other hand, the renter meets the car owner to pick up the car. Many owners offer delivery, so they may bring the car right to the traveller. The renter walks around the car, shows the license, grabs the keys, and drives off. 7. At the end of the trip, the traveller replaces the gas used and meets the owner to drop off the car. Then he/she hands over the keys to the owner. Finally both the user rates each other.

Comparisons between B2C and P2P Car Sharing System

Comparison Business to Consumer Car Peer to Peer Car Sharing Criteria Sharing System System Vehicle Entrepreneur or business owners Renter or Private ownership of Ownership (Provider) own the vehicles. fully or partially unused vehicles. Vehicle Pick Vehicles are located at stations Located at the owner’s home. Up Location covering a specific area. Vehicle Drop Vehicles should be returned to Vehicles should returned to the off Location the same pick-up station. owner’s home. Cost Structure Standardized fees and usage Fees specified by car owners. time calculated in one-hour intervals or km driven. Maintenance Provider. Renter. Responsibility Possible Trip Both one way and round trip. Mainly Round trip. Types Refuelling Use of fuel card. Customer responsibility. Use of Smart Yes. No. Card Example Zipcar, GoGet, StattAuto, Darenta, Whipcar, Wheelz, BMW, Hertz, WeCar. Getaround.

Real time car sharing through mobile app

This car sharing administration permits client to demand private drivers through apps for iPhone and Android gadgets. The administration uses dispatch programming to send the closest driver to your area. The administration gives a cashless arrangement that charges your ride straightforwardly to the Visa on document with your record. This article will walk you through the procedure of utilizing this car sharing application.

Process to sign up and registration

Visit the website: This Company that allows customers to reserve a car in any of the cities where it operates in. These drivers do not work specifically for Company, but pay a percentage. Customers need to visit the website to signing up for the service.

Click the Sign Up connection: Clients will be requested that make a record. It will require your name, mobile phone number, email, and dialect, and charging data, ID card number and so on. They require a substantial credit card or PayPal record to get the service.

Read the terms and conditions: clients have to make sure that they are OK with all the organization’s terms and privacy policy before continuing on with the service.

Click the Sign Up button: After their account will be created and they will be sent an email confirming the creation of the account. Then they are ready to start using the service.

Process to find a driver through the app

Download the application: The application will be accessible for free from the Apple App Store, the Google Play Store, and the BlackBerry App World. Install the app to the device and then open it.

Sign in: Once you've downloaded the application, you should sign in the first occasion when that you run it. Sign in with the username and watchword that you joined with.

Choose vehicle type: There are up to five types of vehicle service, depend on the city you are in. Utilize the slider at the base of the application to set your vehicle inclination. Different types of accessible car will be available for the passenger. Such as:

SUV – This will send a SUV to your area with seating for up to 6 individuals. This is essentially more costly than the Black Car administration.

Luxurious – This will send a high-end luxury car to your location with seating for up to four people. This is going to be the most expensive service.

Normal Car- Ordinary cars will be available for the passengers who are willing to get the service frequently.

Mark the location: Once they have picked their vehicle type, they need send a pick up request through mark their position on the map with two points. Among them one point is green colour and another point is blue colour. Green point will indicate the pick-up location and blue point will indicate the drop off location. When a driver accepts the request of any passenger then, this green point speaks to where the driver will expect to pick them up. They can also manually type in the pickup and drop off location.

They need to confirm their choice on the screen that shows up.

There will be given the option to pay with credit card. This option will turn on by default.

Passengers need to wait exactly in front of the given street address: Passengers will be given estimation on how long the car will take to appear. On the other hand if there was no car available, they have to attempt again for a few minutes, as a driver may have dropped his current passenger and get to be accessible.

The application will provide the phone number of the driver. Passengers can utilize this number to contact with the driver if they have any extraordinary contemplation.

If any passenger has to cancel the reservation, there are three possible situations here.

(a) If passengers make the cancel request less than five minutes ago, they can cancel it for free.

(b) If drivers late more than five minutes behind the estimated arrival time, no matter how long ago passengers make the cancel request, they can cancel it for free.

(c) If passengers make the cancel request after five minutes, and the driver reached on time, they will be charged a fee based on the area.

Normal pickup times fluctuate by city, time etc.

Knowing the rates: Charges are based on a combination of time and distance. If the car travel under 17 mph (19 km/h), there will be charged by the minute, and if passengers are travel over 17 mph (20 km/h), there will be charged by the distance. They will also have to pay a base rate that varies by location. Waiting charges also will be applicable if drivers have to wait for more than 15 minutes.

No cash payment: All charge instalments are taken care of consequently by the company’s superintendence from passenger’s credit card on file.

Driver & passenger ratting: After reached to the desired destination passenger can rate the driver through the app. The ratting will be based on stars in an ascending order. There will be comment box so that passenger can leave his/ her comment blow in the comment box based on their experience. That’s why the company can know about the drivers and other passengers can also know about the drivers. Driver also can rate the passengers based on their experience with the passengers. So that other drivers would be able to know about the passenger as well.

Conclusion This report concludes with the detail process of three types of car sharing systems; one is about business to consumer car sharing system, one is about peer to peer car sharing system, and the other one is about dynamic car sharing system. Three are different types of advantages and disadvantages of the three car sharing system. All the pros and cons of these ca sharing systems are discussed in the report. There is another section in this report which includes the comparison and contrast among the three car sharing systems. That section comes with a clarification about the selected three systems of car sharing. Finally, it can be concluded that, the report reviles a lot of information regarding the process of three car sharing systems along with other relevant aspects related to them.

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