Épidémiologie Descriptive Et Analytique Des Orthohantavirus Chez Les Rongeurs Sauvages En France Elodie Monchâtre-Leroy

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Épidémiologie Descriptive Et Analytique Des Orthohantavirus Chez Les Rongeurs Sauvages En France Elodie Monchâtre-Leroy Épidémiologie descriptive et analytique des orthohantavirus chez les rongeurs sauvages en France Elodie Monchâtre-Leroy To cite this version: Elodie Monchâtre-Leroy. Épidémiologie descriptive et analytique des orthohantavirus chez les rongeurs sauvages en France. Microbiologie et Parasitologie. Université de Lyon, 2019. Français. NNT : 2019LYSE1255. tel-02500595 HAL Id: tel-02500595 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02500595 Submitted on 6 Mar 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N°d’ordre NNT : xxx THESE de DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE DE LYON opérée au sein de l’Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Ecole Doctorale ED341 Evolution, Ecosystèmes, Microbiologie, Modélisation (E2M2) Spécialité de doctorat : Discipline : (Eventuellement) Soutenue publiquement le 03/12/2019, par : Elodie Monchâtre-Leroy Epidémiologie descriptive et analytique des orthohantavirus chez les rongeurs sauvages en France Devant le jury composé de : Nom, prénom grade/qualité établissement/entreprise Président.e (à préciser après la soutenance) Brouat, Carine, Chargée de recherche à l’IRD, Rapporteure Le Poder, Sophie, Professeure des Ecoles nationales vétérinaires à l’ENVA, Rapporteure Benoit, Etienne, Professeur des Ecoles nationales vétérinaires à Vétagrosup, Examinateur Maucort-Boulch, Delphine, PH et Professeure des Universités à Lyon 1, Examinatrice Hénaux, Viviane, Chargée de recherche à l’Anses, Directrice de thèse Marianneau, Philippe, Chargé de recherche à l’Anses, Co-directeur de thèse 1 Table des matières Table des matières ....................................................................................................................... 2 Remerciements ............................................................................................................................ 4 Liste des publications scientifiques internationales ....................................................................... 5 Liste des publications scientifiques nationales............................................................................... 6 Tables des illustrations ................................................................................................................. 7 Table des tableaux ....................................................................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 9 1) Les orthohantavirus ........................................................................................................................ 10 a. Classification et description ............................................................................................... 10 b. Variabilité génétique ......................................................................................................... 11 c. Les réservoirs des orthohantavirus.................................................................................... 11 d. Les orthohantavirus européens ......................................................................................... 12 2) Le virus Puumala ............................................................................................................................. 13 a. Biologie des campagnols roussâtres (Myodes glareolus) .................................................. 13 i. Aire de répartition / biotope ................................................................................ 13 ii. Cycle de reproduction et variation saisonnière .................................................... 14 iii. Variation interannuelle ......................................................................................... 15 b. Infection des campagnols roussâtres par PUUV ................................................................ 17 i. Modes de contamination et excrétion ................................................................. 17 ii. Réponse immunitaire, effets cliniques et autres effets ....................................... 17 3) Importance zoonotique .................................................................................................................. 18 a. Généralités et mode de contamination ............................................................................. 18 b. Les infections humaines à PUUV ....................................................................................... 19 i. Tableau clinique .................................................................................................... 19 ii. Formes asymptomatiques .................................................................................... 20 iii. Diagnostic ............................................................................................................. 21 iv. Traitement et prévention ..................................................................................... 22 c. Facteurs de risque des hantaviroses ................................................................................. 22 i. viraux .................................................................................................................... 22 ii. Humains ................................................................................................................ 23 2 iii. Environnement et réservoir .................................................................................. 25 4) Epidémiologie des fièvres hémorragiques à syndrome rénal en France ........................................ 27 a. Détection des cas de NE .................................................................................................... 27 b. Suivi temporel .................................................................................................................... 28 c. Répartition géographique .................................................................................................. 31 5) Problématiques et axes de recherche ............................................................................................ 33 PARTIE EXPERIMENTALE .............................................................................................................. 35 Chapitre 1 : contribution à l’épidémiologie descriptive des orthohantavirus des rongeurs en France, cas de l’Alsace, zone de faible endémie ............................................................................ 36 Chapitre 2 : dix ans d’évolution génétique des vraiants du virus Puumala dans les forêts des Ardennes, France ........................................................................................................................... 66 Chapitre 3 : épidémiologie spatiale et temporelle des néphropathies épidémiques et de la séroprévalence au virus Puumala chez les rongeurs hôtes : identification des principaux facteurs de risque environnementaux en Europe par revue bibliographique ............................................ 90 Chapitre 4 : facteurs de risques d’infection des populaztions de rongeurs de la région des Ardennes par le virus Puumala : analyse comparée de modèles basés sur l’incidence et la séroprévalence ............................................................................................................................. 125 DISCUSSION GENERALE ............................................................................................................. 157 1) Evolution spatiale de l’épidémiologie ........................................................................................... 158 2) Evolution temporelle de l’épidémiologie ..................................................................................... 161 3) Conclusions et perspectives .......................................................................................................... 165 Références bibliographiques ...................................................................................................... 167 Annexe ..................................................................................................................................... 175 Résumé ..................................................................................................................................... 177 Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 179 3 Remerciements Mes remerciements s’adressent à ceux qui m’ont aidé dans ce travail, et en premier lieu, Philippe Marianneau et Viviane Hénaux sans qui cette thèse n’aurait pas pu aboutir. Un grand merci aux équipes de virologie et d’épidémiologie de Lyon pour leur accueil et tout particulièrement à Séverine Murri sans qui ces travaux ne seraient pas ce qu’ils sont ! Mes sincères remerciements à Sophie Le Poder et Carine Brouat d’avoir accepté d’être rapporteur de ces travaux et d’évaluer leur pertinence scientifique. Un grand merci aussi aux examinateurs de mon jury ; Delphine Maucort-Boulch et Etienne Benoit. Je voudrais remercier l’Anses pour m’avoir encouragée
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