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33 / 2019 Ochrana Prírody OCHRANA PRÍRODY NATURE CONSERVATION 33 / 2019 OCHRANA PRÍRODY NATURE CONSERVATION 33/2019 Štátna ochrana prírody Slovenskej republiky Banská Bystrica Redakčná rada: RNDr. Ján Kadlečík RNDr. Katarína Králiková doc. RNDr. Ingrid Turisová, PhD. RNDr. Radoslav Považan, PhD. Zostavil: RNDr. Katarína Králiková Grafická úprava: Ing. Viktória Ihringová Vydala: Štátna ochrana prírody Slovenskej republiky Banská Bystrica v roku 2019 Vydávané v elektronickej verzii Adresa redakcie: ŠOP SR, Tajovského 28B, 974 01 Banská Bystrica tel.: 048/413 66 61, e-mail: [email protected] ISSN: 2453-8183 Všetky príspevky v časopise prešli recenzným konaním. Neprešlo jazykovou úpravou. Uzávierka predkladania príspevkov do nasledujúceho čísla (34): 30.11.2019. 2 \ Ochrana prírody, 33/2019 OCHRANA PRÍRODY INŠTRUKCIE PRE AUTOROV Vedecký časopis je zameraný najmä na publikovanie pôvodných vedeckých a odborných prác, recenzií a krátkych správ z ochrany prírody a krajiny, resp. z ochranárskej biológie, prioritne na Slovensku. Príspevky sú publikované v slovenskom, príp. českom jazyku s anglickým súhrnom, príp. v anglickom jazyku so slovenským (českým) súhrnom. Členenie príspevku 1) názov príspevku 2) neskrátené meno autora, adresa autora (vrátane adresy elektronickej pošty) 3) názov príspevku, abstrakt a kľúčové slová v anglickom jazyku 4) úvod, metodika, výsledky, diskusia, záver, literatúra Ilustrácie (obrázky, tabuľky, náčrty, mapky, mapy, grafy, fotografie) • minimálne rozlíšenie 1200 x 800 pixelov, rozlíšenie 300 dpi (digitálna fotografia má väčšinou 72 dpi) • každá ilustrácia bude uložená v samostatnom súbore (jpg, tif, bmp…) • používajte kilometrovú mierku, nie číselnú • mapy vytvorené v ArcView je nutné vyexportovať do formátov tif, jpg,... v minimálnom rozlíšení 2000 x 1000 pixelov • k ilustráciám uveďte popis v slovenskom aj anglickom jazyku • tabuľky spracovať vo formáte xls (MS Excel), v prípade použitia textového editora MS Word, tvorte ich pomocou funkcie „Tabuľka“ alebo pomocou tabulátorov, nepožívajte v tabuľke pre zarovnávanie medzerník • políčka v tabuľke nenechávajte prázdne, ale ich vyplňte, napr. pomlčkou • spolu s grafmi posielajte aj ich dáta umiestnené na ďalšom liste vo formáte xls (MS Exel) Vedecké mená rodov, druhov, nižších taxonomických jednotiek a syntaxónov píšte kurzívou (aj v tabuľkách, aj v literatúre) Pri vytváraní bibliografického odkazu • mená autorov od roku neoddeľujte čiarkou, napr. OBUCH 2003; podľa Obucha (OBUCH 2003) • mená autorov v citáciách a v zozname literatúry uvádzajte kapitálkami • pri citovaní prác s dvoma autormi sa medzi nimi píše znak „&“ • pri citovaní prác s viac ako dvoma autormi sa medzi predposledným a posledným autorom píše znak „&“ • v texte sa uvádza: podľa Adamca (ADAMEC 2003), alebo podľa Kaňucha a Krištína (KAŇUCH & KRIŠTÍN 2003) • v prípade citácie príspevku alebo publikácie dvoch autorov uveďte mená oboch (KAŇUCH & KRIŠTÍN 2003); pokiaľ sú traja a viacerí autori, uveďte len meno prvého + „et al.“ (napr. ELIÁŠ et al. 2003) • v zozname literatúry je potrebné v oboch prípadoch uviesť všetkých spoluautorov [Kaňuch, P. & Krištín, A. 2003: Ne- topiere (Chiroptera) južnej časti Krupinskej planiny. Ochrana prírody, 22: 97-100.; resp. Eliáš, P. Dítě, D. & Sádovský, M. 2003: Rastie Acorellus pannonicus (Jacq.) Palla na Slovensku? Ochrana prírody, 22: 23-25.] • uveďte všetky literárne pramene (bibliografické odkazy) použité v texte príspevku, resp. pri ilustráciách, vrátane in- ternetových zdrojov • v prípade elektronických zdrojov – pre online dokumenty je povinný dátum citovania a dostupnosť dokumentu: POVAŽAN, R., GETZNER, M. & KADLEČÍK, J. 2014: Hodnotenie ekosystémových služieb v chránených územiach Karpát so zameraním na Slovensko – metodický postup pre rýchle hodnotenie. Quaestiones rerum naturalium, I (II): 7-44. [cit. 2015-05-04]. Dostupné na internete: <http://www.fpv.umb.sk/katedry/katedra-biologie-a-ekologie/veda-a-vyskum/casopis-quaestiones-rerum-naturalium/ archiv.html>. Ochrana prírody, 33/2019 / 3 Ochrana prírody, Banská Bystrica, 33: 5–39, 2019 ROZŠÍRENIE VYSOKOHORSKÝCH DRUHOV RODU ASTRAGALUS NA SLOVENSKU JÁN KLIMENT Distribution of high-mountain species of the genus Astragalus in Slovakia Abstract: This contribution brings comprehensive information on distribution of five high-mountain Astragalus species in Slovakia, where they are bound to central mountain ranges of the Western Carpathians. Both, Alpine Milkvetch (A. alpinus) and Indian Milkvetch (A. australis) can be found in the Krivánska Malá Fatra Mts, Veľká Fatra Mts, Západné Tatry Mts and Belianske Tatry Mts; however the occurrence of A. alpinus is documented by older herbarium specimens also from the limestones of the Vysoké Tatry Mts (from Bielovodská and Javorová dolina valleys). Arctic Milkvetch (A. frigidus) occurs mainly in the Belianske Tatry Mts, rarely in the Západné Tatry Mts and Krivánska Malá Fatra Mts. There is evidence from the eastern part of the Vysoké Tatry Mts as well (from the surroundings of the Červené pleso tarn), but it has not been confirmed lately. Mountain Lentil (A. penduliflorus) grows in the Veľká Fatra Mts and Belianske Tatry Mts, being rare in both mountain ranges. Norwegian Milkvetch (A. norvegicus) is currently known only from the Belianske Tatry Mts, where it is rather common. The occurrence in the Západné Tatry Mts (Červené Vrchy Mts), which is documented by older herbarium specimen, has not been confirmed recently. Basic information on their natural distributional range in Slovakia, including limits of vertical distribution, typical biotopes and higher syntaxa, as well as conservation status in Slovakia is mentioned. Key words: glacial relict, habitat, localities, milk-vetch, threat, the Western Carpathians ÚVOD Na Slovensku sa vyskytuje spolu 13 druhov rodu Astragalus L. – kozinec (CHRTKOVÁ 1988: 100–102, MARHOLD 1998: 374). Z nich 5 druhov – A. alpinus L., A. australis (L.) Lam., A. frigidus (L.) A. Gray, A. norvegicus Weber a A. penduliflorus Lam. – patrí medzi vysokohorské. Zatiaľ čo Astragalus alpinus, A. frigidus a A. norvegicus sú všeobecne priraďované k arkticko-alpín- skemu elementu (napr. PAWŁOWSKI 1956, AESCHIMANN 2004, STEVANOVIĆ et al. 2009, ŠIBÍKOVÁ et al. 2010), hodnotenie zvyšných dvoch druhov nie je jednoznačné. Stevanović et al. (2009) ich priradili k arkticko-alpínskym druhom. Iní autori pokladajú As- tragalus australis za eurosibírsky (napr. HESS et al. 1970: 565, HENDRYCH & HENDRYCHOVÁ 1989: 421, AESCHIMANN et al. 2004: 844, PIĘKOŚ-MIRKOWA & I. WRÓBEL 2008: 230), resp. eurázijský horský druh (ŠIBÍKOVÁ 2008, príloha 2). Kozinec previsnutý (A. penduliflorus) je v užšom ponímaní hodnotený ako euralpidský oreofyt s exklávou v Škandinávii (HOLUB 1999: 50), resp. (juh) európsky horský druh (AESCHIMANN et al. 2004: 842), v širšom vymedzení ako eurázijský horský druh (GREBENŠČIKOV 1954: 372–374, HOLUB l. c., ŠIBÍKOVÁ l. c.). Všetky zmienené vysokohorské druhy sú v súčasnosti pokladané za glaciálne relikty (DÍTĚ et al. 2018: 281–282). Na Slovensku sú svojím výskytom obmedzené na vysoké polohy obvodu centrálnych pohorí Západných Karpát (Eucar- paticum), v rámci ktorého sa vyskytujú vo vápencových obvodoch Tatier, Krivánskej a Veľkej Fatry (cf. CHRTKOVÁ 1988: 109– 122); dosiaľ neboli nájdené v Chočských vrchoch a v Nízkych Tatrách. Rastú tu výlučne na karbonátovom podklade (vápen- ce, slienité vápence, zriedkavejšie dolomity), čo zdôraznil už DOMIN (1931: 427) ich zaradením medzi tatranské vápnobytné (kalcikolné) rastliny. Rovnako ŠMARDA (1976: 48) zaradil Astragalus alpinus, A. australis a A. norvegicus medzi druhy, ktoré sú v Tatrách viazané na vápence a dolomity. V Belianskych Tatrách síce ojedinele prechádzajú aj na pruhy kremencových rend, rastú tam však v štrbinách medzi skalami vyplnenými humusom ovplyvneným alkalickou vodou stekajúcou z vyššie polože- ných vápencov. Ich rozšírenie na Slovensku, rozsahom však výrazne limitované, spracovala už CHRTKOVÁ (l. c.). Predkladaný príspevok je pokusom o zhrnutie dostupných poznatkov o ich výskyte v slovenskej časti Západných Karpát, počnúc prácou Wahlenber- ga (WAHLENBERG 1814) až po súčasné pramene; pri druhu Astragalus australis zahŕňa aj údaje z vrchu Tri Koruny na poľskej strane Pienin. Distribučné údaje dopĺňajú aktualizované súhrnné informácie o ekologickej a cenologickej valencii jednotlivých druhov, ako aj o faktoroch ohrozenia a miere ohrozenosti v ich prirodzenom prostredí na Slovensku. METODIKA Údaje o rozšírení jednotlivých druhov som získal štúdiom herbárových položiek v zbierkach BBZ, BP, BRA, BRNL, BRNM, BRNU, KRA, KRAM, MOP, POP, PR, PRA, PRC, SAV, SLO, TM, TNP, ZAM a ZV (akronymy zbierok pozrite VOZÁROVÁ & SUTORÝ 2001, GOLIAŠOVÁ & MICHALKOVÁ 2016: 19–20), štúdiom floristických a taxonomických prác obsahujúcich Botanická záhrada Univerzity Komenského, pracovisko Blatnica, 038 15 Blatnica 315; [email protected] Ochrana prírody, 33/2019 / 5 údaje o ich výskyte na Slovensku, ako aj štúdiom rukopisných údajov vo floristickej databáze Botanického ústavu CBRB SAV v Bratislave. Lokality sú usporiadané, v závislosti od smeru pohorí, od západu na východ, resp. od juhu na sever; navzájom sú oddelené pomlčkou (cf. GOLIAŠOVÁ & MICHALKOVÁ 2012: 14). Viaceré údaje z rovnakej lokality sú zoradené chronologicky, od menej presných k presnejším údajom, prípadne podľa klesajúcej nadmorskej výšky. Údaje z herbárových sched aj z literatú- ry sú uvedené v slovenčine; v záujme zjednotenia ich štruktúry sú zvyčajne mierne upravené. Názvy geografických objektov (vrchov, údolí a pod.) zodpovedajú súčasnému slovenskému miestopisnému
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