DOCSLIB.ORG

Local Study Into Local Compost Production

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Local Study Into Local Compost Production Local study into local compost production Live & Learn Environmental Education Tuvalu | 2020 Tuvalu Food Futures is supported by the Australian Government and Implemented by Live & Learn Tuvalu Live & Learn Environmental Education – Tuvalu Ekalesia Kelisiano Tuvalu (EKT) Women’s Centre Senala, Funafuti Tuvalu T +688 20 206 E. [email protected] Country Manager: Teuleala Manuella Copyright Live & Learn Environmental Education Author: Alex McClean, Arid Edge Environmental Services (a trading name of the Arid Lands Environment Centre Inc). Citation: McClean, A. (2020) Tuvalu Compost Feasibility Study, Live & Learn Environmental Education. Disclaimer This publication has been funded by the Australian Government through the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. The views expressed in this publication are the author's alone and are not necessarily the views of the Australian Government. Table of Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 5.3. Current compost supply and production 24 5.3.1. Summary of compost producers 24 2. INTRODUCTION 7 5.3.2. Limits and barriers to increased on supply and quality 29 3. METHODOLOGY 8 5.3.3. Opportunities for improved supply (quality, quantity, 3.1. Approach 8 consistency) of compost products. 30 3.2. Data collection and analysis 9 3.3. Compost specific terminology 9 6. RECOMMENDATIONS 33 6.1. Integrated National 4. CONTEXT 11 Level Compost Strategy 33 4.1. Country context 11 6.2. Upgrade the DoW Compost Production 4.1.1. General Context 11 Site – Funafuti 34 4.1.2. Environmental and 6.3. Outer Island Local Government Level Climate Change Context 12 Production 37 4.1.3. National Food Security Strategy 13 6.4. Working with Households 38 4.2. Administrative and Legislative Context 14 6.5. Working with Tuvaluan Culture 38 4.2.1. National Government and Kaupules 14 4.2.2. Waste management regulation and licensing 14 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY 39 4.2.3. Environmental protection, conservation and pollution regulation 14 8. APPENDIXES 40 4.2.4. Land Context and Legal Framework 15 8.1. Summary of Compost Consumers 40 8.2. Summary of compost Producers 41 5. FINDINGS 16 8.3. Summary Of Compost Production 5.1. Historical Use of Compost in Tuvalu 16 Methods And Models Considered 42 5.1.1. Traditional pulaka pits 16 8.4. Summary of island contexts 43 5.1.2. Household compost production 17 8.5. Key Informant Interviews 44 5.1.3. Municipal and National level projects 17 8.6. Shredder Purchasing and Maintenance Program considerations 45 5.2. Current Compost Demand and Consumption 18 5.2.1. Compost Consumer Profiles 18 ENDNOTES 47 5.2.2. Compost Consumer Numbers, Volumes and Pricing 21 5.2.3. Limits on demand and barriers to consumption 22 5.2.4. Opportunities for increasing demand – incentives 23 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Tuvalu is the fourth smallest independent state in budget allocation for this sector, and no licensing the world, and as a collection of low-lying atolls or regulatory requirement for the production of with low soil fertility, is particularly vulnerable to compost at a commercial scale within Tuvalu. climate change associated impacts on the food security of its population. Furthermore, increased Tuvalu has a strong culture of compost use through reliance on imported foods is leading to poor its traditional form of pulaka pit agriculture and nutritional outcomes, and an increase in non- decades of agricultural extension focussing on this communicable dietary related diseases. In this at household level. Census data suggests that at context, compost production is seen as in important least 48% of households across the country and climate adaptation and food security strategy for 66% of outer islands households are engaged in both increasing soil fertility of more traditional agriculture of some variety. The vast majority of land-based agriculture as well as being required to these households make use of a range of home- support the development of more innovative raised made compost types, with mixtures differing for bed horticulture that is less vulnerable to saltwater pulaka farming, vegetables crops and fruit trees. A intrusion from sea level rise. An example of this is gender split between men and women regarding award winning Biofilta “Food Cubes” currently being gardening and compost making activities seems deployed in country by LLEE under the DFAT funded to be in place in Tuvaluan households. Women are Tuvalu Food Futures Project. anecdotally more likely to be engaged in home vegetable production, but less likely to be involved The report explores the possibility for use of in compost making – primarily due to the labour ‘incentivized models’ for compost production demands involved in cutting and collecting the with the intention of identifying any factors relevant feedstocks, and turning the piles. to Tuvaluan community members or actors in the compost sector that will ensure benefits In general demand for compost products is strong, from development assistance is more effectively often outstripping supply both in Funafuti and in maintained over time. While creation of cash income the outer islands. Survey data indicates that prices opportunities from compost is a key ‘incentive’ in could be raised without reducing demand, and that a these models, other non-cash incentives are also market probably exists for a broader range of higher explored, including reduced food insecurity, reduced quality products than is currently available. labour burden from agricultural/compost making tasks and links to existing ‘incentives’ associated with traditional culture. The regulatory and legal context around compost making remains limited. A number of key policy documents are in place, including the Integrated National Waste Policy and Action Plan. However, there is no national level strategy in place for developing compost production, no dedicated LOCAL STUDY INTO LOCAL COMPOST PRODUCTION 4 The market garden sector is a key consumer of Larger scale processing of shredded palm waste compost products, primarily through the Taiwanese is taking place in Funafuti by SWAT and on outer Technical Mission to Tuvalu’s (TTMT) vegetable islands by Kaupules and supported by the DoW. production gardens on Funafala and Vaitupu islands. Department data suggests that 400-500m3 is The Funafala garden consumes over half of the produced a year in Funafuti and 50-100m3 a year shredded palm mulch produced by the DoW on per outer island (depending on island population) Funafuti, leading to periodic supply shortfalls for where composting facilities are functioning. While other customers. Individual market gardeners are these operations sell their product to the public, very few in number, particularly on Funafuti, where SWAT data indicates that they are not currently reliance on shop bought food is high and the profitable. This however should not necessarily be sale of vegetables for income is seen as a coping seen as a problem. While it indicates there is much strategy for the poorest households, not in line with scope for improving the efficiency and profitability traditional island culture. However, developing this of this operation, the Government of Tuvalu and the sector is an important long-term driver of demand donor community can justify subsidizing compost for more compost products. production as a legitimate investment in national food security. In this context the income stream A number of barriers to consumption and limits from compost is a useful benefit but could definitely to demand have been identified. Barriers to be increased. consumption (such as lack of compost supply in Funafuti and outer islands and the limited range of The TTMT in particular uses SWAT mulch as a compost products available) generally seem to be feedstock to produce a more complete compost more critical to resolve than limits to demand for product at its two garden sites on Funafala and compost (such as low engagement in horticulture/ Vaitupu. TTMT should be seen as a key technical agriculture in Funafuti, low income from horticulture partner in the development of a fledgling compost generally), which are more associated with the industry in Tuvalu who could possibly play the longer-term growth of the sector. following roles in such development: • Design input on any national and Kaupule level Barriers to consumption are readily addressed development of new compost products and through increased volume and range of compost production systems products, and should be seen as the first priority for investment. However, to address limits on demand • Training and support to staff producing compost for using compost products, incentives for use within the DoW and the outer island Kaupules of compost have been identified that will need • Assistance with design and implementation of to be built into relevant government and donor testing and quality control procedures community programs, including: The key current limits on compost production • Using compost to increase income from sales of identified include: vegetable produce • Lack of access to sufficient volume of feedstocks, • Using compost for home vegetable production in where production is limited to the supply of order to reduce the household costs of shopping green/brown waste collected from households for fruit and vegetables (mostly palm fronds) • Using compost for home vegetable production in • Facilities are currently too small and inadequate order to increasing household food security and resilience to shocks • Composting equipment is currently too small, limited range and rundown – particularly • Reducing
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sustainable Development for Tuvalu: a Reality Or an Illusion?
    SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR TUVALU: A REALITY OR AN ILLUSION? bY Petely Nivatui BA (University of the South Pacific) Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Studies (Coursework) Centre for Environmental Studies University of Tasmania Hobart, Tasmania, Australia December 1991 DECLARATION This thesis contains no material that has been accepted for the award of any other higher degree or graduate diploma in any tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except when due reference is made in this thesis. Petely Nivatui ABSTRACT For development to be sustainable for Tuvalu it needs to be development which specifically sustains the needs of Tuvaluans economically, politically, ecologically and culturally without jeopardising and destroying the resources for future generations. Development needs to be of the kind which empowers Tuvaluans, gives security, self-reliance, self-esteem and respect. This is different from western perspectives which concentrate and involve a western style economy and money system in which money is the centre of everything. For Tuvaluans the economy is based on and dependent on land, coconut trees, pulaka (Cyrtosperma) and fish, as well as the exchange of these commodities. The aim of this thesis is to compare western and Tuvaluan concepts and practices of sustainable development in order to evaluate future possibilities of sustainable practices for Tuvalu. An atoll state like Tuvalu has many problems. The atolls are small, isolated, and poor in natural resources. Transport and communication are difficult and the environment is sensitive. Tuvalu is classified by the United Nations as one of the least developed countries, one dependent on foreign assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuvalu Language Week Education Resource 2016
    Tuvalu Language Week Education Resource 2016 Vaiaso ote ‘Gana Tuvalu This resource has been developed by members from the Tuvaluan Auckland Community Trust, Taumatuas, and Reverends with contributions from Te Papa Museum and supported by Ministry for Pacific Peoples. Ministry for Pacific Peoples 0 Fakatomuaga | Contents Muna Tuku ote vaiaso te ‘gana Tuvalu | Tuvaluan Language Week Theme ................................................... 2 Maatua mo kaiga│Parents and Family ................................................................................................................. 3 Fakateagaaga│Spirituality ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Te gana, tu mo faifaiga mo iloga | Language, Culture and Identity............................................................ 4 Fakamatala e uiga mo Tuvalu | Facts on Tuvalu ......................................................................................................... 6 Iloga | Identity ................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Saogalemu | Safety ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 Fakatumauga | Sustainability...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • By Daniel Krauße
    Parrot Tim1 3 Feascinating Facts about Marshallese The Thinking of Speaking Issue #35 January / December 201 9 AAnn IInnddiiggeennoouuss YYeeaarr HHooww 22001199 bbeeccaammee tthhee I ntern IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall YYeeaarr ooff ation Year al IInnddiiggeennoouuss LLaanngguuaaggeess Ind of igen Lan ous guag Is es SSaayy TTāāllooffaa ttoo TTuuvvaalluuaann sue An iintroductiion to the Tuvalluan llanguage SSttoorryy ooff tthhee RRoommaa A hiistory of European "Gypsiies" VVuurrëëss ooff VVaannuuaattuu Cooll thiings about thiis iindiigenous llanguage 3300 FFaasscciinnaattiinngg FFaaccttss aabboouutt MMaarrsshhaalllleessee Diiscover detaiills about thiis iislland llanguage PPLLUUSS •• IInntteerrvviieeww wwiitthh aauutthhoorr aanndd ppuubblliisshheerr DDrr.. EEmmiillyy MMccEEwwaann •• BBaassiicc GGuuiiddee ttoo NNaahhuuaattll •• RReevviieeww ooff MMooaannaa Parrot Time | Issue #35 | January / December 2019 1 1 3 Fascinating Facts about Marshallese LLooookk bbeeyyoonndd wwhhaatt yyoouu kknnooww Parrot Time is your connection to languages, linguistics and culture from the Parleremo community. Expand your understanding. Never miss an issue. Parrot Time | Issue #35 | January / December 2019 2 Contents Parrot Time Parrot Time is a magazine Features covering language, linguistics and culture of the world around us. It is published by Scriveremo Publishing, a division of 1 0 A User-Friendly Introduction to the Tuvaluan Parleremo, the language learning community. Language On what was formerly known as the Ellice Islands lives the Join Parleremo today. Learn a Polynesian language Tuvaluan. Ulufale mai! Learn some of it language, make friends, have fun. yourself with this look at the language. 1 8 An Indigenous Year The UN has declared 2019 to be the International Year of Indigenous Languages. But who decided this and why? Editor: Erik Zidowecki Email: [email protected] Published by Scriveremo Publishing, a division of 20 13 Fascinating Facts about Marshallese Parleremo.
    [Show full text]
  • Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands
    Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands First compiled by Nancy Sack and Gwen Sinclair Updated by Nancy Sack Current to January 2020 Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands Background An inquiry from a librarian in Micronesia about how to identify subject headings for the Pacific islands highlighted the need for a list of authorized Library of Congress subject headings that are uniquely relevant to the Pacific islands or that are important to the social, economic, or cultural life of the islands. We reasoned that compiling all of the existing subject headings would reveal the extent to which additional subjects may need to be established or updated and we wish to encourage librarians in the Pacific area to contribute new and changed subject headings through the Hawai‘i/Pacific subject headings funnel, coordinated at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.. We captured headings developed for the Pacific, including those for ethnic groups, World War II battles, languages, literatures, place names, traditional religions, etc. Headings for subjects important to the politics, economy, social life, and culture of the Pacific region, such as agricultural products and cultural sites, were also included. Scope Topics related to Australia, New Zealand, and Hawai‘i would predominate in our compilation had they been included. Accordingly, we focused on the Pacific islands in Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia (excluding Hawai‘i and New Zealand). Island groups in other parts of the Pacific were also excluded. References to broader or related terms having no connection with the Pacific were not included. Overview This compilation is modeled on similar publications such as Music Subject Headings: Compiled from Library of Congress Subject Headings and Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Politics and Book Publishing in the Pacific Islands
    University of Wollongong Theses Collection University of Wollongong Theses Collection University of Wollongong Year Politics and book publishing in the Pacific Islands Linda S. Crowl University of Wollongong Crowl, Linda S, Politics and book publishing in the Pacific Islands, PhD thesis, School of History and Politics, University of Wollongong, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/94 This paper is posted at Research Online. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/94 Politics and Book Publishing in the Pacific Islands A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree Doctor of Philosophy from University of Wollongong by Linda S. Crowl BA (with Honors), Oberlin College MA, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University School of History/Politics Faculty of Arts University of Wollongong June 2008 CERTIFICATION I, Linda S. Crowl, declare that this dissertation, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the School of History/Politics, Faculty of Arts, University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. Linda S. Crowl 10 June 2008 ii CONTENTS Certification ii Map, Figures, and Tables vi Abbreviations vii Glossary ix Abstract x Acknowledgements xii Map of the Pacific Islands xiv SECTION 1. BACKGROUND AND THEORY Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Geography, Societies, and Languages 1 History and Politics 2 Communication and Book Publishing
    [Show full text]
  • The Cultural Impacts of Climate Change: Sense of Place And
    THE CULTURAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: SENSE OF PLACE AND SENSE OF COMMUNITY IN TUVALU, A COUNTRY THREATENED BY SEA LEVEL RISE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʻI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN PSYCHOLOGY MAY 2012 By Laura K. Corlew Dissertation Committee: Clifford O’Donnell, Chairperson Charlene Baker Ashley Maynard Yiyuan Xu Bruce Houghton Keywords: Tuvalu, climate change, culture, sense of place, sense of community, Activity Settings theory ii For Uncle Ed and Father Tom Rest in Peace. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This research was funded in part by the University of Hawaiʻi Arts and Sciences Student Research Award, the Society for Community Research and Action (SCRA) Community Mini-Grant, and the University of Hawaiʻi Psychology Department Gartley Research Award. This research was conducted with the support of the Tuvalu Office of Community Affairs, especially with the aid and guidance of the director, Lanieta Faleasiu, whom I thank dearly. I also extend my thanks and my love to Sir Tomu M. Sione and his family for welcoming me into their home. I would like to thank each of the interview participants, as well as every person I met in Tuvalu. In these past few years I have received a great deal of support from members of government agencies and NGOs, religious leaders, and private individuals. Thank you all for speaking with me and sharing with me your time, your knowledge, and your care. I would also like to thank my dissertation committee and especially my adviser, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Language Context of Pacific Countries : a Summary
    Directions:Journal of Educational Studies Vol. 27 Nos 1 & 2, June and December 2005 15 THE LANGUAGE CONTEXT OF PACIFIC COUNTRIES : A SUMMARY Fiji Profile Population 846,085: 54% Fijian, 37% Indian, 8% Chinese, European, other Pacific Islanders.* 712 primary schools, 157 secondary schools, 9,062 teachers, 210959 students (2003) Languages Fijian; Hindi; English; and minority languages including Rotuman; Chinese, Kiribati, Tuvaluan and a number of other Indian languages. Language policy Fiji 1997 Constitution recognises Fiji as a multilingual state and designates the main languages (Fijian, Hindi and English) to be equal in terms of status, use and function. In reality English dominates in the formal arena, education, the media and parliamentary proceedings. Languages in education Local languages used as medium of instruction in first 3 years of primary education and English thereafter, but use of English as the medium right from Class 1 is common in urban schools. 1. English is used as the medium of instruction from Class 4 onwards. 2. Local languages are used as medium from Class 1-3. 3. English is compulsory in all external exams but local languages are optional. 4. Need to improve teaching of vernacular languages to make it more attractive. Community issues 1. Language and its links to the survival of cultural and ethnic groups. 2. Danger of language shift, particularly in the urban areas to English. 3. Dominance of English in education, media and commerce. 4. Dominance of English in selection processes for educational and job opportunities. Recommendations 1. That PRIDE fund technical assistance for development of Fiji's Language policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuvalu Cultural Mapping, Planning and Policy Report
    Tuvalu Cultural Mapping, Planning and Policy Report © SPC, 2012 – Cover design: Muriel Borderie – Photo: SPC staff Muriel design: – Photo: Borderie © SPC, 2012 – Cover Tuvalu Cultural Mapping, Planning and Policy Report By Alamai Sioni and Rt Hon. Bikenibeu Paeniu Published by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community on behalf of the Culture Division, Ministry of Home Affairs and Rural Development Funafuti, Tuvalu, 2012 © Copyright Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), 2012 All rights for commercial / for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. SPC authorises the partial reproduction or translation of this material for scientific, educational or research purposes, provided that SPC and the source document are properly acknowledged. Permission to reproduce the document and/or translate in whole, in any form, whether for commercial / for profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing. Original SPC artwork may not be altered or separately published without permission. Original text: English Secretariat of the Pacific Community Cataloguing-in-publication data Sioni, Alamai Tuvalu Cultural Mapping, Planning and Policy Report / by Alamai Sioni and Rt Hon. Bikenibeu Paeniu 1. Cultural property — Tuvalu. 2. Cultural policy — Tuvalu. 3. Culture diffusion — Tuvalu. I. Sioni, Alamai II. Paeniu, Bikenibeu III. Title IV. Secretariat of the Pacific Community 344.099682 AACR2 ISBN: 978-982-00-0538-9 ii Abbreviations and Acronyms CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women CLT
    [Show full text]
  • Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage for Sustainable Development in Tuvalu
    Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage for Sustainable Development in Tuvalu Report of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Workshop (Funafuti, July 2017) Published in 2019 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and UNESCO Field Office in Apia, P.O. Box 615, Matautu-Uta, Samoa © UNESCO 2019 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC- BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Acces Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimi- tation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not nec- essarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Open Access is not applicable to non-UNESCO copyright photos in this publication. Document number: APIA/DOC/APA/19/1 Cover photo: UNESCO/A. Takahashi Editor: Akatsuki Takahashi Cover and graphic design: UNESCO Office for the Pacific States/Rafael Maximiliano Flores de León Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage for Sustainable Development in Tuvalu Report of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Workshop (Funafuti, July 2017) TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations p.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tuvalu Community in Auckland a Focus on Health and Migration
    The Tuvalu Community in Auckland A focus on health and migration Sagaa Malua “Transnational Pacific Health through the Lens of Tuberculosis” Research Group Report No. 4 Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, the University of Auckland 2014 Publishing information A catalogue record for this book is available from the National Library of New Zealand: http://natlib.govt.nz/ ISBN 978-0-9941013-1-0 Published by ‘The Transnational Pacific Health through the Lens of Tuberculosis’ Research Group, Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, the University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. January, 2014 URL http://www.arts.auckland.ac.nz/en/about/schools-in-the-faculty-of-arts/school-of- social-sciences/anthropology/staff-research/social-research-on-tb-and-health.html Table of Contents Glossary of Tuvaluan Words iii Acronyms iii Introduction 1 1.0 Tuvalu 3 2.0 Migration to New Zealand 8 2.1 South Pacific Work Permit Scheme 9 2.2 The Pacific Access Category (PAC) Scheme 9 2.3 Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) Scheme 10 2.4 Skilled Migrant and Business Stream 11 2.5 Family-Sponsored Immigration Stream 12 2.6 Section 35A of the Immigration Act 1987, Section 61 of the 2009 Act, and the International/Humanitarian Stream 12 2.6.1 Transitional Policy 2000 13 2.6.2. Refugee Category 13 3.0. The Tuvaluan Community in New Zealand 15 3.1 Background Information on Tuvaluans in Auckland: Kinship, Gender, Work, and Demographics 15 3.2 The Tuvalu Community Trust and Tuvalu Society Incorporated 16 3.3 Island Organisations 19 3.4 Churches
    [Show full text]
  • Tuvalu from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia This Article Is About the Country
    Tuvalu From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the country. For other uses, see Tuvalu (disambiguation). Tuvalu Flag Coat of arms Motto: "Tuvalu mo te Atua" (Tuvaluan) "Tuvalu for the Almighty" Anthem: Tuvalu mo te Atua (Tuvaluan) Tuvalu for the Almighty Royal anthem: God Save the Queen Funafuti Capital 8°31′S 179°13′E Official language(s) Tuvaluan English Demonym Tuvaluan Government Parliamentary democracy (Constitutional monarchy) - Monarch Elizabeth II - Governor General Iakoba Italeli - Prime Minister Willy Telavi Independence - from the United Kingdom 1 October 1978 Area 2 - Total 26 km (226th) 10 sq mi - Water (%) negligible Population - July 2011 estimate 10,544[1] (224th) 2 2 - Density 475.88/km (22nd) 1,142/sq mi GDP (PPP) 2010 (est.) estimate - Total $36 million (223rd) - Per capita $3,400 (2010 est.) (164) HDI (2003) n/a (unranked) (n/a) Tuvaluan dollar Currency Australian dollar (AUD) Time zone (UTC+12) Drives on the left ISO 3166 code TV Internet TLD .tv Calling code 688 Tuvalu (/tuːˈvɑːluː/ ( listen) too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands,[2] is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia.[3] Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls. Its population of 10,472 makes it the third-least populous sovereign state in the world, with only Vatican City and Nauru having fewer inhabitants. In terms of physical land size, at just 26 square kilometres (10 sq mi) Tuvalu is the fourth smallest country in the world, larger only than the Vatican City at 0.44 km2 (0.17 sq mi), Monaco at 1.95 km2 (0.75 sq mi) and Nauru at 21 km2 (8.1 sq mi).
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Islands FORESTS & TREES M2te)
    Pacific Islands FORESTS & TREES m2TE) Incorporating SPRIG, ACIAR Pacific Forestry Update & PNG-ACIAR Forest Domestication Project AusAID No. 2/02 ISSN 1605-5462 UPDATES FROM THE COUNTRIES: of Ethnobotanical Information com- INSIDE menced operation in November 2001. PANDANUS CONSERVATION PROJECT IN KIRIBATI The specific objectives and outputs of Pages the Project include; 2 Continuation of Country To establish field genebanks and Updates : to propagate planting materials to Kiribati; Tonga; Samoa; assist food security and exchange Tuvalu; Wallis & Futuna important species with other and Solomon Is countries in the future 6 Other Regional News - To provide Pandanus-planting An Extract from materials to generate nutritious Overstory # 103 and Vitamin -rich foods to overcome various nutrition - 8 SPRIG News - Phase 2 related illness (such as Vitamin A deficiency, anaemia, diabetes, 12 ACIAR Pacific Forestry high blood pressure and obesity). Update Pandanus or screw pine (Pandanus To protect and propagate tectorius) is a very important part !- of cultivars of economic, cultural 14 PNG-ACIAR Forest Kiribati life and culture. Pandanus and ecological importance for Domestication Project grows wild in all the islands of Kiribati medicinal purposes in an effort to and due to many uses including food, increase self-reliance in Kiribati. 16 Technical Assistance to materials and handi- medicine, building To conserve important Pandanus Samoa crafts etc, life would be more difficult cultivars for future generations without it in Kiribati. The Kiribati Ministry of Natural Re- sources Development assessment of the QUOTE standing (natural) stock indicates the Pandanus resource is now endangered and threatened with extinction (due to increased human population pressure).
    [Show full text]