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Heritage Assessment HERITAGE ASSESSMENT LAND AT HARLEY WAY, BENEFIELD, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE MICHAEL DAWSON MPHIL FSA MIFA 15th JUNE 2011 © CgMs Limited No part of this report is to be copied in any way without prior written consent. Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however, CgMs Limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report. © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Heritage Assessment Land at Harley Way, Benefield HERITAGE ASSESSMENT LAND AT HARLEY WAY, BENEFIELD, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE LOCAL PLANNING AUTHORITY: East Northamptonshire District Council and Northamptonshire County Council SITE CENTRED AT: TL 006 879 MICHAEL DAWSON MPHIL FSA MIFA 15th June 2011 CgMs Consulting 2 MD/12833 Heritage Assessment Land at Harley Way, Benefield CONTENTS Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction and Scope of Study 2.0 Planning Background and Development Plan Framework 3.0 Geology and Topography 4.0 Archaeological and Historical Background, including Map Regression Exercise 5.0 Site Conditions and the Proposed Development 6.0 Summary and Conclusions Sources Consulted LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site Location Fig. 2 Historic Environment Record data Fig. 3 Historic Environment Record data Fig. 4 Historic Environment Record data Fig. 5 Historic Environment Events & past surveys Fig. 6 RCHM plot of Churchfield Village Fig. 7 The proposed development site Fig. 8 The proposed development site in June 2011 CgMs Consulting 3 MD/12833 Heritage Assessment Land at Harley Way, Benefield EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Land at Harley Way, Benefield, Northamptonshire has been considered for its heritage potential. The proposed development area can be shown to have a high potential for archaeological survival of evidence from the Roman and medieval periods. This is because the development area is almost entirely within an area which has been the deserted medieval village of Churchfield and a Roman period settlement. Due to the level of archaeological evidence in the study area the development site, therefore, has high potential to yield further archaeological evidence. This report suggests the potential for further evidence should be evaluated by geophysical survey and trial trenching. It is anticipated that the evidence from both medieval and Roman periods will have significantly eroded by ploughing, particularly as the site lies on a slope, and that the magnitude of direct impact, however, will therefore provide an absolute constraint to development. The indirect impact of the proposed quarry has also been assessed in terms recommended by English Heritage and PPS 5. The report concludes that the proposed development does not lie within the setting of any designated assets and that the visual impact of the development, in particular on Churchfield Farm Grade II, will not intrude into any settings, or affect the significance of any heritage assets. CgMs Consulting 4 MD/12833 Heritage Assessment Land at Harley Way, Benefield 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF STUDY 1.1 This Heritage Assessment has been researched and prepared by Michael Dawson of CgMs Consulting, on behalf of G P Planning. 1.2 The assessment considers the proposed development of a quarry on land south of Harley Way, Benefield. The site is centred at National Grid Reference TL 006 879 (Fig 1). 1.3 In accordance with local and central government guidance on archaeology and planning (PPS 5) this assessment draws together the available archaeological, topographic and land-use information in order to clarify the archaeological potential of the proposed development area. 1.4 The assessment comprises an examination of evidence in the Northamptonshire Historic Environment Record (NHER), considers the results of nearby archaeological investigations, incorporates published and unpublished material and charts historic land-use through a map regression exercise. 1.5 The assessment identifies the potential impact of the proposed development on archaeology as the basis for determining an appropriate mitigation strategy. CgMs Consulting 5 MD/12833 Heritage Assessment Land at Harley Way, Benefield 2.0 PLANNING BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK 2.1 In March 2010, the Departments of Communities and Local Government (DCLG) and Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) jointly published Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment, providing guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the conservation preservation and investigation of Heritage Assets. 2.2 Heritage Assets are defined in Annexe 2 of PPS5 as a building, monument, site, place, area or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions and as the valued components of the historic environment. 2.3 In short, government guidance provides a framework which: Protects nationally important designated Heritage Assets (which include World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings, Protected Wreck Sites, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields or Conservation Areas) Protects Heritage Assets (as defined above) Protects the settings of such designations In appropriate circumstances seeks adequate information (from field evaluation) to enable informed decisions Provides for the excavation and investigation of sites not significant enough to merit in-situ preservation. 2.4 In considering any planning application for development, the local planning authority is bound by the policy framework set by government guidance, in this instance PPS5, by current Development Plan Policy and by other material considerations. Regional Plan Policy 2.5 The East Midlands Regional Plan comprises the Regional Spatial Strategy for the East Midlands for the period up to 2026. With the introduction of the Local Development Plan Framework (LDF) the RSS had provided regional policies relating to archaeology, however, the government has indicated its intention to revoke Regional Strategies. In considering any planning application for development, therefore, the local planning authority is bound by the policy framework set by government guidance, in this instance PPS5, and by other material considerations. CgMs Consulting 6 MD/12833 Heritage Assessment Land at Harley Way, Benefield 3.0 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY 3.1 Geology 3.1.1 The British Geological Survey indicates that the solid geology of the proposed development site comprises Blisworth limestones. These are pale grey to off-white or yellowish limestones with thin marls and mudstones, fossiliferous, bioturbated peloidal, ooidal and shell-fragmental more-or-less argillaceous packstones and wackestones, subordinate cross-bedded ooidal shell-fragmental grainstones: fauna may include rhynchonellids particularly in the lower part in the south, and may be dominated by oysters, notably in the upper part in the north1. 3.1.2 The soil types are generally clay and gravel, with a subsoil of clay and ironstone. 3.2 Topography 3.2.1 The proposed development area is located in the Lyveden valley on high ground above the east flowing tributary stream of the River Nene, slightly west of the Biggin Fish Pond. The site occupies a sloping valley side above the stream with a former quarry to the east and woodland to the north beyond the Harley Way. The present day topography of the region comprises a series of low ridges north of the River Nene Valley and it is on one of those ridges that Churchfield Farm and the proposed site lie. The development area is located on land which is gently inclined to the south at some 50m - 45m AOD. 1 http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyviewer_google/googleviewer.html accessed 21/6/11 CgMs Consulting 7 MD/12833 Heritage Assessment Land at Harley Way, Benefield 4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND (Including Map Regression Exercise) 4.1 Timescales used in this report: Prehistoric Palaeolithic 450,000 - 12,000 BC Mesolithic 12,000 - 4,000 BC Neolithic 4,000 - 1,800 BC Bronze Age 1,800 - 600 BC Iron Age 600 - AD 43 Historic Roman AD 43 - 410 Saxon/Early Medieval AD 410 - 1066 Medieval AD 1066 - 1485 Post Medieval AD 1486 - 1749 Modern AD 1750 - Present 4.2 Introduction 4.2.1 The report which follows is a consideration of archaeological finds and features within the proposed development area. In addition archaeological and historical evidence within a study area, 500m from the proposed development site, has been taken into account to identify patterns of past activity which might contribute to assessing the proposed development area’s potential to contain significant heritage assets. 4.3 Palaeolithic 4.3.1 No Palaeolithic finds have been found within the proposed development area or within the wider study area. 4.3.2 The presence of Palaeolithic archaeology is notoriously hard to predict. The majority of evidence from the wider region is from stray artefacts with few in-situ sites (Cooper, 2006). Overall, the proposed development area can be defined as having a very low potential. CgMs Consulting 8 MD/12833 Heritage Assessment Land at Harley Way, Benefield 4.4 Early Prehistoric (Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age) 4.4.1 Only one area of early prehistoric activity has been recorded within the study area, a Neolithic site of uncertain character (NHER9424). 4.4.2 In this region the pattern of prehistoric activity suggests the potential for any significant heritage assets from this period at the proposed development site is likely to be slight. 4.5 Iron Age and Roman 4.5.1 Within the study area there is a significant body of evidence from the Iron Age and Roman-British period. South of the proposed development site and across the valley is an area of putative Iron Age settlement (NHER 7771), whilst several Roman period sites are located to the north (NHER2486), east (NHER 2391, 2392, 2393, 2400) and to the west (NHER2487). One site is situated within the proposed development area (NHER 9433). 4.5.2 The character of the Roman period sites has been assessed largely from surface finds which indicate exploitation and processing of the underlying ironstone. At one site to the west there may be a villa (NHER 2487).
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