A Review and Meta-Analysis of Potential Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Calcifiers from the Southern Ocean
REVIEW published: 29 January 2021 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.584445 A Review and Meta-Analysis of Potential Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Calcifiers From the Southern Ocean Blanca Figuerola 1*, Alyce M. Hancock 2, Narissa Bax 2, Vonda J. Cummings 3, Rachel Downey 4, Huw J. Griffiths 5, Jodie Smith 6 and Jonathan S. Stark 7 1 Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain, 2 Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia, 3 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand, 4 Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 5 British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 6 Geoscience Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 7 Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, TAS, Australia Understanding the vulnerability of marine calcifiers to ocean acidification is a critical issue, especially in the Southern Ocean (SO), which is likely to be the one of the first, and Edited by: most severely affected regions. Since the industrial revolution, ∼30% of anthropogenic Andrew John Constable, CO2 has been absorbed by the global oceans. Average surface seawater pH levels University of Tasmania, Australia have already decreased by 0.1 and are projected to decline by ∼0.3 by the year Reviewed by: 2100. This process, known as ocean acidification (OA), is shallowing the saturation James McClintock, University of Alabama at Birmingham, horizon, which is the depth below which calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolves, likely United States increasing the vulnerability of many resident marine calcifiers to dissolution. The negative Sam Dupont, University of Gothenburg, Sweden impact of OA may be seen first in species depositing more soluble CaCO3 mineral *Correspondence: phases such as aragonite and high-Mg calcite (HMC).
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