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Actualización Del Catastro De Ensamble De Moluscos Costero

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Actualización Del Catastro De Ensamble De Moluscos Costero Anales Instituto Patagonia (Chile), 2020. Vol. 48(3):113-125 113 ARTÍCULO CIENTÍFICO Actualización del catastro de ensamble de moluscos costero-marinos del archipiélago Diego Ramírez (56°31’S), Chile: un refugio para la economía sustentable y conservación subantártica Update of the coastal-marine mollusc assembly catalog of the Archipiélago Diego Ramírez (56°31’s), Chile: a refuge for sustainable economy and Subantarctic conservation Sebastián Rosenfeld1,2,3, Johanna Marambio2,3,4, Cristian Aldea5, Juan Pablo Rodriguez2,3, Fabio Mendez2,3, Claudio Gonzalez-Wevar3,6,7, Karin Gerard2,5, Tamara Contador8,9, Roy Mackenzie9, Ricardo Rozzi3,9,10 & Andrés Mansilla2,3 Resumen El archipiélago Diego Ramírez es el último confín del 1 Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, continente Sudamericano y se encuentra ubicado en Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, el Paso Drake, a 112 km al SO del Cabo de Hornos Universidad de Chile, Santiago. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4363-8018 aproximadamente. Debido a su difícil acceso, la [email protected] información sobre la biodiversidad marina que habita sus costas es todavía limitada. En este estudio se 2 Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y presenta el primer catastro del ensamble de moluscos Subantárticos (LEMAS), Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile. costero-marinos en este archipiélago, basado en la expedición a isla Gonzalo y en las colectas realizadas 3 Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB) Casilla 653, en esta isla en la primavera del año 2016. Durante Santiago, Chile. marea baja se efectuó una exhaustiva inspección y 4 Science Faculty, Universität Bremen, colecta de moluscos desde la zona del intermareal Bremen, Germany. superior hasta 1 m de profundidad. Para los análisis, los registros de estas colectas se complementaron 5 GAIA Antártica Universidad de Magallanes, con reportes de expediciones anteriores. De esta Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Bulnes 01890, manera se determinaron 51 taxa de moluscos. Del Punta Arenas, Chile. total de taxa identificados se informan 42 nuevos 6 Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), registros de 42 especies de moluscos para las islas Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. Diego Ramírez. Este estudio corresponde a un 7 catastro actualizado de moluscos del archipiélago Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Diego Ramírez. Es importante seguir investigando y Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. monitoreando este archipiélago, que corresponde al límite sur de la Provincia Magallánica y a los últimos 8 Laboratorio Wankara de Ecosistemas Dulceacuícolas vestigios rocosos sudamericanos que enfrentan el Subantárticos y Antárticos, Universidad de Magallanes & Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Paso Drake. Puerto Williams, Chile. Palabras clave: malacofauna, Provincia 9 Programa de Conservación Biocultural Subantártica, Magallanica, isla Gonzalo, biodiversidad. Parque Etnobotánico Omora, Universidad de Magallanes, Teniente Muñoz 396, Puerto Williams, Chile Abstract 10 Department of Philosophy and Religion, The Diego Ramírez archipelago is the last point University of North Texas, Denton, EE.UU. of the South-America continent, located in the Recibido: 15, oct. 2020 Aceptado: 16, nov. 2020 114 S. ROSENFELD et al. Drake Passage 112 km SW of Cape Horn. posibles cambios ecosistémicos generados por Due to its difficult access, information on the causas naturales o relacionadas con actividades marine biodiversity that inhabits its coasts is still humanas. limited. This study presents the first report of the El archipiélago Diego Ramírez se encuentra assemblage of coastal marine mollusks in this ubicado en el Paso Drake a 111 km al SO del archipelago. Samples were collected during an Cabo de Hornos, y a 80 km al SO del archipiélago expedition to Gonzalo Island during the spring of Ildefonso. Biogeográficamente, el grupo de islas 2016. During the low tide an exhaustive inspection Diego Ramírez corresponde al punto más al sur and collection of mollusks was carried out from de la provincia Magallánica (Spalding et al. 2007). the upper intertidal zone to 1 m depth. Records of Se encuentra al borde de la plataforma continental these collections were complemented with reports (Pisano, 1972, Rozzi et al. 2017) y se caracteriza from previous expeditions. A total 51 mollusk por presentar una gran influencia oceánica y de taxa were identified. Among the identified taxa, exposición al oleaje (Schlatter & Riveros, 1997, 42 mollusk species were new to Diego Ramirez Rozzi et al. 2020, este estudio). Este archipiélago Islands. This work is an updated list record of está formado por dos grupos de islotes, rocas y mollusks of the Diego Ramírez archipelago. It is arrecifes, separados entre sí por una extensión important to continue investigating and monitoring de 3,7 km. El grupo principal incluye a las islas this archipelago which corresponds to the southern Bartolomé y Gonzalo separadas por el canal limit of the Magellanic Province and the last South Nodales (Pisano, 1972). Las costas de ambas American rocky remnants that face the Drake islas son escarpadas y con una gran pendiente, y passage. presentan un alto grado de erosión debido a las constantes marejadas del lugar. Desde un punto de Key words: malacofauna, Magellanic Province, vista oceanográfico, la columna de agua que rodea Gonzalo Island, biodiversity. el extremo sur de la provincia Magallánica, como las costas del Parque Nacional Cabo de Hornos INTRODUCCIÓN y las aguas al sur, se caracteriza por presentar una estructura térmica vertical cuasi homogénea Uno de los componentes importantes y debido principalmente al efecto de la mezcla característicos de los fondos marinos son los vertical producto de los fuertes vientos y mareas moluscos, grupo marcadamente diversificado típicos de esta zona (Valdenegro & Silva, 2003). dentro del reino animal, con más de 70.000 especies Al igual que la temperatura, la salinidad también descritas (Chapman, 2009). Particularmente, en presenta columnas cuasi homogéneas, debido la costa chilena se han informado alrededor 959 principalmente a que los fuertes vientos y regímenes especies (Valdovinos, 1999) con un aumento de mareas típicos de esta zona favorecen la mezcla considerable de la diversidad en el extremo sur vertical al generar una columna de agua de baja de Chile, principalmente entre los 42°S y 56°S estabilidad (Valdenegro & Silva, 2003). (Valdovinos et al. 2003). Históricamente, los Aunque el archipiélago se incluye en el área moluscos han sido foco de muchas investigaciones de la provincia Magallánica, la información acerca debido a su importancia ecosistémica (Aguilera, de la biota intermareal de las islas Diego Ramírez 2011) y socio-económica (Castilla & Defeo, 2001). es escasa (Marambio et al. 2020, este estudio). Es por ello que han sido objeto de numerosas Schlatter & Riveros (1997) reportaron tres investigaciones ecológicas y socio-ecológicas, tales géneros de Antozoos, 15 taxa de moluscos, 12 como estudios de dinámicas temporales (e.g., familias de poliquetos, 11 taxa de crustáceos, 5 Ojeda et al. 2014.), de sucesiones intermareales especies de equinodermos y 3 especies de peces. (e.g., Aguilera & Navarrete, 2007), efectos Es importante destacar dos particularidades de antropogénicos (Sánchez-Moyano et al. 2000), Diego Ramirez: i) desde el trabajo de Schlatter & e interacciones bioculturales (Ojeda et al. 2018), Riveros (1997) no ha habido nuevos antecedentes entre otros. Por lo tanto, los moluscos son un en términos de fauna de invertebrados marinos interesante grupo de estudio para poder evaluar bentónicos en el archipiélago Diego Ramírez, y ACTUALIZACIÓN DEL CATASTRO DE ENSAMBLE DE MOLUSCOS COSTERO-MARINOS 115 ii) que esta zona constituye un área de transición MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS de la biodiversidad subantártica-antártica y que constituye el límite de distribución sur de varias El área de estudio comprendió las costas especies de molusco, entre ellos algunos de rocosas de la isla Gonzalo, perteneciente al gran valor comercial para la pesca artesanal. Es archipiélago Diego Ramírez (56°31’16,8’’S; por ello que esta zona constituye un excelente 68°42’53,5’’O) (Fig. 1). Las costas del archipiélago lugar para la conservación y uso sustentable Diego Ramírez se caracterizan por estar ubicadas puesto que se constituirá en un refugio de fases en el extremo sur de la plataforma continental de tempranas de desarrollo de los ciclos biológicos y Magallanes. Estas islas junto con los islotes Ildefonso reservorio genético de las poblaciones naturales. son los últimos vestigios rocosos sudamericanos Para contribuir al conocimiento de la biota de que enfrentan el Paso Drake (Schlatter & invertebrados y a la protección de la biota del Riveros, 1997). Las costas rocosas de estas islas archipiélago Diego Ramírez, este trabajo ha se caracterizan por su gran exposición al oleaje generado un catastro actualizado de las especies (Schlatter & Riveros, 1997), lo cual se ve reflejada de moluscos que habitan las costas de isla Gonzalo. en la gran abundancia y cobertura de poblaciones Fig. 1 Localización geográfica del archipiélago Diego Ramírez. El recuadro en rojo señala el principal lugar de recolección en la isla Gonzalo 116 S. ROSENFELD et al. del alga Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot. trabajos clásicos (e.g., Smith, 1881; Rochebrune No obstante, también es posible encontrar algunas & Mabille, 1889; Strebel, 1905a, 1905b),
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