DOCSLIB.ORG

Molluscan Assemblages Associated with Gigartina Beds in the Strait Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Molluscan Assemblages Associated with Gigartina Beds in the Strait Of POLAR RESEARCH, 2017 VOL. 36, 1297915 https://doi.org/10.1080/17518369.2017.1297915 RESEARCH ARTICLE Molluscan assemblages associated with Gigartina beds in the Strait of Magellan and the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica): a comparison of composition and abundance Sebastián Rosenfelda,b, Cristian Aldeac,d, Jaime Ojeda a, Johanna Marambioa,b, Mathias Hünee, Jesús S. Troncosof & Andrés Mansillaa,b aLaboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile; bInstituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile; cDepartamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile; dPrograma GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile; eFundación Ictiológica, Santiago, Chile; fDepartamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain ABSTRACT KEYWORDS In this paper we evaluated the composition and abundance of molluscs associated with beds Bivalvia; Gastropoda; of the red algae Gigartina, located in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctic Peninsula) and the Polyplacophora; algae beds; Strait of Magellan (southern Chile). During the summer season of 2013, samples were sub-Antarctic; diversity 2 obtained by scuba diving using a 0.25 m quadrat, arranged randomly within the bed. We ABBREVIATIONS extracted a total of 15 quadrats per sampling site. For Antarctic Peninsula beds the most MBP: Magellanic abundant species were the bivalve Lissarca miliaris (233 individuals) and the gastropod biogeographical province; Laevilacunaria antarctica (94 individuals), while for Strait of Magellan beds the most abundant NMDS: non-metric species was the polyplacophoran Callochiton puniceus (36 individuals). Comparative analysis multidimensional scaling between the two molluscan assemblages showed significant differences in the faunal com- ordination position between the Antarctic Peninsula and Strait of Magellan (f = 64.474; p = 0.0001). Therefore, molluscs reported in both areas are characteristic of their respective biogeographic area. Finally, Gigartina species play an important role in the formation of patterns of abun- dance and diversity of the communities associated with them. – Introduction beds reaching biomasses of about 1773 g m 2 and – densities of 15 individuals m 2 (Ávila et al. 2004). In the high-latitude MBP (Spalding et al. 2007), exten- Besides being primary producers and ecosystem engi- sive macroalgae assemblages grow on hard substrates, neers (Christie et al. 2009;Torresetal.2015), macro- between depths of approximately 0 and 20 m (Mansilla algae beds are important for sustenance of biodiversity et al. 2013). These communities of macroalgae are char- because they can alter local environmental conditions acterized mainly by the presence of species of the order (Stachowicz 2001), providing shelter, breeding places Laminariales, such as Macrocystis pyrifera and Lessonia and/or food for many species of invertebrates and ver- spp. (Mansilla et al. 2014; Rosenfeld et al. 2014). In the tebrates (Ríos et al. 2007; Mansilla & Ávila 2011; Antarctic Peninsula, macroalgae communities are char- Rosenfeld et al. 2015). Molluscs are one of the most acterized by the presence of species of Desmarestia representative and studied groups worldwide of this (Quartino et al. 2005). However, the Rhodophyta algae algae–mollusc interaction (see Vahl 1971;Salas& Gigartina skottsbergii is a characteristic species of the Hergueta 1986; Sánchez-Moyano et al. 2000;Rueda& southern tip of South America (Ramírez & Santelices Salas 2003;Amsleretal.2015;Martinetal.2016). 1991) and West Antarctica; it is therefore a species from In the MBP, molluscs are one of the most represen- cold-temperate to cold waters. In the sub-Antarctic tative and diverse groups of benthic marine environ- ecoregion this species is strictly sublittoral and grows ments, with more than 397 species reported (Linse on rocky substrate between 5 and 15 m deep (Ávila et al. 1999; Valdovinos 1999). Another important feature of 1999). Nevertheless Billard et al. (2015) show that G. Magellanic molluscs is that 35% of species are endemic skottsbergii has two divergent, monophyletic clades that to the MBP (Fortes & Absalao 2011). Among the mol- may correspond to two cryptic species, making luscs, gastropods are the dominant group in terms of Gigartina sp. from Antarctica endemic to this area. In number of species, followed by bivalves (Linse et al. Antarctica it may live from the lower intertidal zone 2006; Clarke et al. 2007). Clarke et al. (2007)recorded (pers. obs.) to shallow depths (Wiencke & Clayton a total of 549 species of gastropods and 158 bivalves 2002). Gigartina skottsbergii forms dense sublittoral CONTACT Sebastián Rosenfeld [email protected] Sekulovic, Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas Chile Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 2 S. ROSENFELD ET AL. distributed in the Southern Ocean. Engl (2012) reported Ana, located 60 km to the south of Punta Arenas (53° 336 species (plus 59 probably undescribed) of shelled 37ʹ S; 70° 52ʹ W) – and in the Antarctic Peninsula: gastropod and over 87 bivalves in Antarctic waters. Punta Hanna (62° 39ʹ S; 60° 35ʹ W) and Fildes Bay (62° Specifically, in the area of the Antarctic Peninsula, 12ʹ S; 58° 54ʹ W) (Fig. 1). The samples were obtained including the South Shetland Islands, the same authors by scuba diving between 1 and 10 m depth in quadrats recorded 130 species of molluscs, i.e., low species rich- of 50 × 50 cm, which were selected randomly within ness compared to that recorded in the MBP. In more each bed. In each quadrat, all molluscs were collected, detail, the sublittoral bottoms corresponding to the and also the substrate, where Gigartina settled, was continental shelf were represented by 85 species of investigated. The rocks were subsequently scraped to gastropod and 48 bivalves (Linse et al. 2006). In addi- ensure that all the species and specimens were col- tion, molluscs exhibited several levels of species richness lected. Each macroalgal sample was placed in a plastic between different areas of the Southern Ocean and bag. In the laboratory, each sample was gently stirred adjacent areas, such as the MBP (Linse et al. 2006). to detach the associated fauna. Once detached, the However, although in recent years efforts have algae were removed from the bag and their fresh increased to better understand MBP and Antarctic mol- weight measured. Fifteen quadrats were sampled dur- luscan biodiversity (Linse 1999; Griffiths et al. 2003; ing one dive at each site, resulting in 60 quadrats per Zelaya 2005; Linse et al. 2006; Clarke et al. 2007;Aldea site (4 sites × 15 quadrats). et al. 2011;Pastorino2016), few investigations have Molluscs density was standardized to individuals focused on the ecological interaction between macro- per gram of algal fresh weight. To determine the algae and Antarctic molluscs (Amsler et al. 2015). faunal composition – and their comparison – uni- The main objective of this study was to character- variate and multivariate biodiversity analyses were ize and compare molluscan assemblages associated performed using the Primer version 6.0 statistical with Gigartina skottsbergii beds in the Strait of package (Clarke & Gorley 2005). The univariate bio- Magellan and Gigartina sp. from the Antarctic diversity measures calculated for each site were aver- Peninsula. The level of taxonomic affinity between age species richness and average species abundance. the two provinces was also tested. Spearman rank correlation analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between mollusc abun- dance and macroalgal fresh biomass. Material and methods To show significant differences in abundance and The study area was localized at four sampling sites species richness, including beds from both provinces, with G. skottsbergii and Gigartina sp. beds: two in the a nonparametric Mann–Whitney test was performed, Strait of Magellan – Punta Santa Maria, located in using the Statistica 7.0 statistical package (StatSoft Tierra del Fuego (53° 21ʹ S; 70° 27ʹ W); Punta Santa 2004; http://statistica.software.informer.com/7.0/). Figure 1. Sampling sites in the Strait of Magellan (A) and South Shetland Islands (B, C). POLAR RESEARCH 3 The specific importance of each species at each sam- species belonging to six families) and Polyplacophora pling site was determined by the similarity percentage, (seven species belonging to four families). The best- Simper (Clarke 1993). Once the most representative represented families were Littorinidae (four species) species of each group was known, complementary and Phylobryidae (four species). NMDS (Kruskal & Wish 1978) was performed to analyse For Antarctic Peninsula beds, the most abundant graphically which species contributed to the similarity of species were the bivalve Lissarca miliaris (233 indivi- each of the study areas. The data were transformed to duals) and the gastropod Laevilacunaria antarctica presence and absence, to reduce the contribution of (94 individuals), while
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Crepidula Fornicata
    NOBANIS - Marine invasive species in Nordic waters - Fact Sheet Crepidula fornicata Author of this species fact sheet: Kathe R. Jensen, Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universiteteparken 15, 2100 København Ø, Denmark. Phone: +45 353-21083, E-mail: [email protected] Bibliographical reference – how to cite this fact sheet: Jensen, Kathe R. (2010): NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet – Crepidula fornicata – From: Identification key to marine invasive species in Nordic waters – NOBANIS www.nobanis.org, Date of access x/x/201x. Species description Species name Crepidula fornicata, Linnaeus, 1758 – Slipper limpet Synonyms Patella fornicata Linnaeus, 1758; Crepidula densata Conrad, 1871; Crepidula virginica Conrad, 1871; Crepidula maculata Rigacci, 1866; Crepidula mexicana Rigacci, 1866; Crepidula violacea Rigacci, 1866; Crepidula roseae Petuch, 1991; Crypta nautarum Mörch, 1877; Crepidula nautiloides auct. NON Lesson, 1834 (ISSG Database; Minchin, 2008). Common names Tøffelsnegl (DK, NO), Slipper limpet, American slipper limpet, Common slipper snail (UK, USA), Østerspest (NO), Ostronpest (SE), Amerikanische Pantoffelschnecke (DE), La crépidule (FR), Muiltje (NL), Seba (E). Identification Crepidula fornicata usually sit in stacks on a hard substrate, e.g., a shell of other molluscs, boulders or rocky outcroppings. Up to 13 animals have been reported in one stack, but usually 4-6 animals are seen in a stack. Individual shells are up to about 60 mm in length, cap-shaped, distinctly longer than wide. The “spire” is almost invisible, slightly skewed to the right posterior end of the shell. Shell height is highly variable. Inside the body whorl is a characteristic calcareous shell-plate (septum) behind which the visceral mass is protected.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleoenvironmental Interpretation of Late Glacial and Post
    PALEOENVIRONMENTAL INTERPRETATION OF LATE GLACIAL AND POST- GLACIAL FOSSIL MARINE MOLLUSCS, EUREKA SOUND, CANADIAN ARCTIC ARCHIPELAGO A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the Department of Geography University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Shanshan Cai © Copyright Shanshan Cai, April 2006. All rights reserved. i PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Geography University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A5 i ABSTRACT A total of 5065 specimens (5018 valves of bivalve and 47 gastropod shells) have been identified and classified into 27 species from 55 samples collected from raised glaciomarine and estuarine sediments, and glacial tills.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Biogeography in Cellana (Patellogastropoda, Nacellidae) with Special Emphasis on the Relationships of Southern Hemisphere
    Biogeography in Cellana (Patellogastropoda, Nacellidae) with Title Special Emphasis on the Relationships of Southern Hemisphere Oceanic Island Species González-Wevar, Claudio A.; Nakano, Tomoyuki; Palma, Author(s) Alvaro; Poulin, Elie Citation PLOS ONE (2017), 12(1) Issue Date 2017-01-18 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/218484 © 2017 González-Wevar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Right Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University RESEARCH ARTICLE Biogeography in Cellana (Patellogastropoda, Nacellidae) with Special Emphasis on the Relationships of Southern Hemisphere Oceanic Island Species Claudio A. GonzaÂlez-Wevar1,2*, Tomoyuki Nakano3, Alvaro Palma4, Elie Poulin1 1 GAIA-AntaÂrtica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile, 2 Instituto de EcologõÂa y Biodiversidad Ä a1111111111 (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias EcoloÂgicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Nuñoa, Santiago, Chile, 3 Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Centre, Kyoto University, a1111111111 Nishimuro, Wakayama, Japan, 4 Universidad Gabriela Mistral, Facultad de IngenierõÂa y Negocios, a1111111111 Providencia, Santiago, Chile a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Oceanic islands lacking connections to other land are extremely isolated from sources of Citation: GonzaÂlez-Wevar CA, Nakano T, Palma A, potential colonists and have acquired their biota mainly through dispersal from geographi- Poulin E (2017) Biogeography in Cellana cally distant areas. Hence, isolated island biota constitutes interesting models to infer bio- (Patellogastropoda, Nacellidae) with Special geographical mechanisms of dispersal, colonization, differentiation, and speciation. Limpets Emphasis on the Relationships of Southern Hemisphere Oceanic Island Species.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylum MOLLUSCA Chitons, Bivalves, Sea Snails, Sea Slugs, Octopus, Squid, Tusk Shell
    Phylum MOLLUSCA Chitons, bivalves, sea snails, sea slugs, octopus, squid, tusk shell Bruce Marshall, Steve O’Shea with additional input for squid from Neil Bagley, Peter McMillan, Reyn Naylor, Darren Stevens, Di Tracey Phylum Aplacophora In New Zealand, these are worm-like molluscs found in sandy mud. There is no shell. The tiny MOLLUSCA solenogasters have bristle-like spicules over Chitons, bivalves, sea snails, sea almost the whole body, a groove on the underside of the body, and no gills. The more worm-like slugs, octopus, squid, tusk shells caudofoveates have a groove and fewer spicules but have gills. There are 10 species, 8 undescribed. The mollusca is the second most speciose animal Bivalvia phylum in the sea after Arthropoda. The phylum Clams, mussels, oysters, scallops, etc. The shell is name is taken from the Latin (molluscus, soft), in two halves (valves) connected by a ligament and referring to the soft bodies of these creatures, but hinge and anterior and posterior adductor muscles. most species have some kind of protective shell Gills are well-developed and there is no radula. and hence are called shellfish. Some, like sea There are 680 species, 231 undescribed. slugs, have no shell at all. Most molluscs also have a strap-like ribbon of minute teeth — the Scaphopoda radula — inside the mouth, but this characteristic Tusk shells. The body and head are reduced but Molluscan feature is lacking in clams (bivalves) and there is a foot that is used for burrowing in soft some deep-sea finned octopuses. A significant part sediments. The shell is open at both ends, with of the body is muscular, like the adductor muscles the narrow tip just above the sediment surface for and foot of clams and scallops, the head-foot of respiration.
    [Show full text]
  • The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: the Molluscan Genera Cymatona and Fusitriton (Gastropoda, Family Cymatiidae)
    ISSN 0083-7903, 65 (Print) ISSN 2538-1016; 65 (Online) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: The Molluscan Genera Cymatona and Fusitriton (Gastropoda, Family Cymatiidae) by A. G. BEU New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 65 1978 NEW ZEALAND DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: The Molluscan Genera Cymatona and Fusitriton (Gastropoda, Family Cymatiidae) by A. G. BEU New Zealand Geological Survey, DSIR, Lower Hutt New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 65 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Citation according to ''World List of Scientific Periodicals" (4th edn.): Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 65 Received for publication September 1973 © Crown Copyright 1978 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ CONTENTS Page Abstract . � 5 INTRODUCTION 5 4AXONOMY 10 Family CYMATIIDAE 10 Genus Cymatona 10 Cymatona kampyla 10 Cymatona kampyla kampyla 12 Cymatona kampyla tomlini . 18 Cymatona kampyla jobbernsi 18 Genus Fusitriton 18 Fusitriton cancellatus 22 Fusitriton cancellatus retiolus 22 Fusitriton cance/latus laudandus 23 ECOLOGY . 25 Benthic sampling programme of N.Z. Oceanographic Institute 25 Sampling methods 25 Distribution anomalies 25 Distribution 26 Distribution with depth 26 Distribution with latitude 27 Distribution with sediment type 27 Ecological conclusions 33 Dispersal times and routes of Fusitriton, and their effect on Cymatona 34 Dispersal and distribution 34 Ecological displacement of Cymatona kampyla kampyla 35 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 36 REFERENCES 36 APPENDIX 1: Station List 38 APPENDIX 2: Dimensions of Cymatona 41 APPENDIX 3: Dimensions of Fusitriton 42 INDEX 44 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
    [Show full text]
  • Crepidula Formicatacrepidula Formicata
    Crepidula formicataCrepidula formicata Easily seen Crepidula fornicata along the shoreline. Class: Gastropoda Order: Littorinimorpha Family: Calyptraeidae Genus: Crepidula Distribution It is native to the eastern This species has been introduced to several other countries, coast of North America. especially in Europe. It is considered to be an invasive, nuisance It occurs from the Gulf of species. The first known occurrence of Crepidula fornicata in St. Lawrence in the north Europe was in 1872. It was introduced accidently with imported all the way south to the American oysters. They have been repeatedly introduced ever Gulf of Mexico. since in ballast water and on ships’ hulls. Habitat They are most abundant in muddy or mixed muddy areas, This species occupies a reaching their highest densities in wave protected locations. variety of seabed surfaces. These include bays, estuaries and sheltered sides of wave- They also occur in a wide exposed islands. In Nova Scotia they are common in intertidal range of environmental and shallow subtidal regions. They attach themselves to almost conditions. any hard surface to be found (including each other and the shells of other living or dead hard-shelled invertebrates. Food They are active suspension feeders, generating a water current They live off of plankton through the mantle cavity by ciliary (hair-like) action and which they filter out of the trapping food particles on a mucous sheet lying across the front seawater. surface of the gill filament. Reproduction Being hermaphrodites they contain both male and female The Slipper limpet is a. reproductive organs. Sperm producing ability advances quicker protandric hermaphrodite.
    [Show full text]
  • Version of the Manuscript
    Accepted Manuscript Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Nacella limpets reveal novel evolutionary charac- teristics of mitochondrial genomes in Patellogastropoda Juan D. Gaitán-Espitia, Claudio A. González-Wevar, Elie Poulin, Leyla Cardenas PII: S1055-7903(17)30583-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.036 Reference: YMPEV 6324 To appear in: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Received Date: 15 August 2017 Revised Date: 23 July 2018 Accepted Date: 30 October 2018 Please cite this article as: Gaitán-Espitia, J.D., González-Wevar, C.A., Poulin, E., Cardenas, L., Antarctic and sub- Antarctic Nacella limpets reveal novel evolutionary characteristics of mitochondrial genomes in Patellogastropoda, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2018), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.036 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Version: 23-07-2018 SHORT COMMUNICATION Running head: mitogenomes Nacella limpets Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Nacella limpets reveal novel evolutionary characteristics of mitochondrial genomes in Patellogastropoda Juan D. Gaitán-Espitia1,2,3*; Claudio A. González-Wevar4,5; Elie Poulin5 & Leyla Cardenas3 1 The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China 2 CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart 7001, TAS, Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Across the Antarctic Polar Front C.A
    Contrasting biogeographical patterns in Margarella (Gastropoda: Calliostomatidae: Margarellinae) across the Antarctic Polar Front C.A. González-Wevar, N.I. Segovia, S. Rosenfeld, Dominikus Noll, C.S. Maturana, M. Hüne, J. Naretto, K. Gérard, A. Díaz, H.G. Spencer, et al. To cite this version: C.A. González-Wevar, N.I. Segovia, S. Rosenfeld, Dominikus Noll, C.S. Maturana, et al.. Contrast- ing biogeographical patterns in Margarella (Gastropoda: Calliostomatidae: Margarellinae) across the Antarctic Polar Front. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Elsevier, 2021, 156, pp.107039. 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107039. hal-03102696 HAL Id: hal-03102696 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03102696 Submitted on 7 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2021) 156: 107039. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107039 Contrasting biogeographical patterns in Margarella (Gastropoda: Calliostomatidae: Margarellinae) across the Antarctic Polar Front C.A. González-Wevar a, b,c, N.I. Segovia b, S. Rosenfeld b,d, D. Noll b, C.S. Maturana b, M. Hüne b, J. Naretto , K. Gerard´ , A.d Díaz , eH.G. Spencer , fT. Saucède , J.-P.g Féral´ , S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution, Abundance, and Diversity of Epifaunal Benthic Organisms in Alitak and Ugak Bays, Kodiak Island, Alaska
    DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND DIVERSITY OF EPIFAUNAL BENTHIC ORGANISMS IN ALITAK AND UGAK BAYS, KODIAK ISLAND, ALASKA by Howard M. Feder and Stephen C. Jewett Institute of Marine Science University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska 99701 Final Report Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program Research Unit 517 October 1977 279 We thank the following for assistance during this study: the crew of the MV Big Valley; Pete Jackson and James Blackburn of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Kodiak, for their assistance in a cooperative benthic trawl study; and University of Alaska Institute of Marine Science personnel Rosemary Hobson for assistance in data processing, Max Hoberg for shipboard assistance, and Nora Foster for taxonomic assistance. This study was funded by the Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior, through an interagency agreement with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce, as part of the Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Environment Assessment Program (OCSEAP). SUMMARY OF OBJECTIVES, CONCLUSIONS, AND IMPLICATIONS WITH RESPECT TO OCS OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT Little is known about the biology of the invertebrate components of the shallow, nearshore benthos of the bays of Kodiak Island, and yet these components may be the ones most significantly affected by the impact of oil derived from offshore petroleum operations. Baseline information on species composition is essential before industrial activities take place in waters adjacent to Kodiak Island. It was the intent of this investigation to collect information on the composition, distribution, and biology of the epifaunal invertebrate components of two bays of Kodiak Island. The specific objectives of this study were: 1) A qualitative inventory of dominant benthic invertebrate epifaunal species within two study sites (Alitak and Ugak bays).
    [Show full text]
  • Identification Assisted by Molecular Markers of Larval Parasites in Two
    Polar Biology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-019-02511-6 ORIGINAL PAPER Identifcation assisted by molecular markers of larval parasites in two limpet species (Patellogastropoda: Nacella) inhabiting Antarctic and Magellan coastal systems K. Flores1 · Z. López2,3 · D. Levicoy1 · C. P. Muñoz‑Ramírez4,5 · C. González‑Wevar6 · M. E. Oliva7,8 · L. Cárdenas1 Received: 10 August 2018 / Revised: 30 April 2019 / Accepted: 8 May 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract In the Southern Ocean, many parasites of vertebrates (mainly helminth groups) have been recognized as endemic species, but parasites of marine invertebrates remain almost unknown. It is reasonable to assume that digenean larvae will parasitize gastropods, bivalves, amphipods, and annelids, the usual frst and second intermediate hosts for those parasites. Here, using an identifcation assisted by molecular markers, we report the Digenea species parasitizing the most abundant limpet species inhabiting ice-free rocky intertidal and subtidal zones of the Southern Ocean, viz. Nacella concinna from the Antarctic and Nacella deaurata from the Magellan region. The limpets harbored larval Digenea (two metacercariae and one sporocyst). Phylogenetic analysis based on the multilocus tree supported the hypothesis that N. concinna is parasitized by a species of Gymnophallidae, whereas the limpet N. deaurata is parasitized by Gymnophalloides nacellae and a species of Renicolidae. In addition, diferences in prevalence and intensity were also recorded between the two compared host species and also from other congeneric species. This new knowledge in parasite species in marine invertebrates from the Southern Ocean reveals the presence of a particular parasite fauna and confrms the utility of molecular tools to identify biodiversity still scarcely known.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns and Processes in the Biogeography of the Limpet Nacella (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda) Across the Southern Ocean Claudio A
    Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2017) 44, 861–874 ORIGINAL Following the Antarctic Circumpolar ARTICLE Current: patterns and processes in the biogeography of the limpet Nacella (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda) across the Southern Ocean Claudio A. Gonzalez-Wevar1,2*, Mathias Hune€ 2, Nicolas I. Segovia2, Tomoyuki Nakano3, Hamish G. Spencer4, Steven L. Chown5, Thomas Saucede6, Glenn Johnstone7,Andres Mansilla1 and Elie Poulin2 1Universidad de Magallanes, Bulnes 01890, ABSTRACT Punta Arenas, Chile, 2Instituto de Ecologıa y Aim We use an integrative biogeographical approach to further understand the Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de evolution of an important Southern Ocean marine benthic element, the limpet Ciencias Ecologicas, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Nu~ noa,~ Santiago, Chile, 3Seto genus Nacella (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda). Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Location Southern Ocean. Education and Research Centre, Kyoto University, Wakayama 649-2211, Japan, Methods We used multi-locus time-calibrated phylogeny of Nacella at the 4Allan Wilson Centre, Department of Zoology, scale of the whole Southern Ocean to elucidate the underlying processes University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New involved in the origin and diversification of the genus. Zealand, 5School of Biological Sciences, Results Divergence-time estimates suggest that soon after its origin during the Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, mid-Miocene (c. 12.5 Ma), Nacella separated into two main lineages currently Australia, 6Biogeosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, distributed in (1) South America and (2) Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic Universite de Bourgogne, Dijon 21000, islands. We identified two pulses of diversification, during the late Miocene (8 France, 7Australian Antarctic Division, < Kingston TAS 7050, Australia to 5.5 Ma) and the Pleistocene ( 1 Ma).
    [Show full text]
  • A Review and Meta-Analysis of Potential Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Calcifiers from the Southern Ocean
    REVIEW published: 29 January 2021 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.584445 A Review and Meta-Analysis of Potential Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Calcifiers From the Southern Ocean Blanca Figuerola 1*, Alyce M. Hancock 2, Narissa Bax 2, Vonda J. Cummings 3, Rachel Downey 4, Huw J. Griffiths 5, Jodie Smith 6 and Jonathan S. Stark 7 1 Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain, 2 Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia, 3 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand, 4 Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 5 British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 6 Geoscience Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 7 Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, TAS, Australia Understanding the vulnerability of marine calcifiers to ocean acidification is a critical issue, especially in the Southern Ocean (SO), which is likely to be the one of the first, and Edited by: most severely affected regions. Since the industrial revolution, ∼30% of anthropogenic Andrew John Constable, CO2 has been absorbed by the global oceans. Average surface seawater pH levels University of Tasmania, Australia have already decreased by 0.1 and are projected to decline by ∼0.3 by the year Reviewed by: 2100. This process, known as ocean acidification (OA), is shallowing the saturation James McClintock, University of Alabama at Birmingham, horizon, which is the depth below which calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolves, likely United States increasing the vulnerability of many resident marine calcifiers to dissolution. The negative Sam Dupont, University of Gothenburg, Sweden impact of OA may be seen first in species depositing more soluble CaCO3 mineral *Correspondence: phases such as aragonite and high-Mg calcite (HMC).
    [Show full text]