Bank, !Ig)J and !I9!C, It Has Benz a Yea'z Ol W/1Ich the Stalf O.F Ou'l Line O'lganizations Can Be P'wud

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized cllnothe'l yea'l is coming to its end. !f{eligious and othe'l celeb'lations will be continuous and in a 'lisinq c'lescenelo th'Wughout most ol the wO'llel until they me'lge into a linal celeh'lation we/coming the Jlew CL;lea'l. CfO'l the CWo'lld !Bank, !ig)J and !i9!C, it has benz a yea'Z ol w/1ich the stalf o.f oU'l line o'lganizations can be p'Wud. !it has been a busy yea'l and a sobe'ling mze, in which ou'l 'lesponsibilities mzc/ p7.oblenzs we'lf sea'lching/y 'lelJiewed at the CUJl Conle'lence on c;]'la(/e anc/ !J)elJelopnzejlt in genelJa and the memoMble meeting of Oll'l own {]m,e7.jZO'l,S at gokyo. (.9t has been a yea'l to b'ling to oU'l consciousj/ess in many ways tile U'lqency, the magnitude and the challenge ol the task of clelJelopnzent finance in which we a'le engageel. • • • 9:hose ol us knew him-nea'lly all the staff-· - still miss the conz/o'ltable leeling which came witll knowing tltat 93ill !J{owellll1as always alJailable to sha'le ou'l p'lob/ems-pe'lsonal and pe'lsmmel. • • • 9:/1e yea'l has been a good one lo'l L-9U'ls. CWoods al1(1 me as we continue to meet and come to know mo'le and mo'le stalf membe'ls al1el lvilJes. CWe welcome all those who halJe joined us in 1961./.. CWa'lm gooel wishes to all in the IBank anel !iqC-anel to thei'l lamilies-lo'l a 5J1e'l'lY Ch'listmas anel a <-9{appy Jlew Qjea'l. g eO'lqe 9). erA)ooels

Vol. 18 No. 11 International Bank Notes December 1964 CONTENTS page Our Alternate Executive Directors...... 3 Teaching in the Arctic ...... 9 Sinterklaas ...... 13

2 ~

We welcome to the pages of "Ban.1e Notes" this month the Alternate Directors of our institutions. Under the Articles of Agreement of the Bank, the Alternate Directors are appointed by the Executive Directors, with full powers to act for them when the latter are not present. Under the same conditions as Executive Directors, the Alternate Directors function, ex officio, on the Board of Directors of the International Finance Corporation and on the Board of the International Devel opment Association. In some cases temporary Alternate Directors are appointed to act in the absence of the Executive Director. There are, at present, eighteen Alternate Directors and two temporary Alternate Directors functioning prac tically as regular Alternates. In November, 1964, six new Alternate Directors took office. They are: Messrs. Ali, Ayari, Coleman, Haushofer, Haus-Solis and Hokedal. Mr. Haus Solis is not a newcomer to the World Bank since he served during the period 1960-1962. Some Alternates have long service. Mr. Ali Akbar Khosropur of Iran has the longest service as an Alternate Director, having come to the Bank in 1953. Mr. van V uuren and Afr. Camacho are also veteran Alternates having taken up their posts in 1958 and 1959 respectively. Not all Alternate Directors serve full time in the World Bank Group of organizations. Some serve jointly in the Bank and Fund. This is true of Mr. Handfield-Iones of Canada 'who doubles as an Alternate in the Fund, and Mr. Siglienti of Italy who serves as an Executive Director in the Fund. Several othe?' Alternates, like Messrs. Gil and Reilly, combine their positions in the Bank with positions in their Embassies. Helmut Abramowski, from Germany, was appointed Alternate to Mr. Donner for the Federal Republic of Germany in January of 1963. He came co the Bank after ten years of experience in the German Federal Ministry of Economics, where he worked mainly at problems of monetary policy and international financing. He was also an attorney. Mr. Abramowski studied law and economics and graduated in law from the University of Kiel. He is married and has two children.

Said Mohamed Ali of Somalia became the Alternate to Mr. Kochman for Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Dahomey, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Malagasy Republic, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, Togo and Upper Volta on November 18, 1964. Mr. Ali has spent the Jast two years in Mogadiscio first as Secretary of the Somali Planning Commission and Economic Adviser to the Government and later as Deputy Managing Director of the Somali National Bank. He has also had experience in the provinces and represented Somalia in a number of Regional and International Conferences. Mr. Ali completed his studies in economics and history at the University of Ireland in Dublin. He is married and has two daughters.

Chedly Ayari of Tunisia was appointed Alternate to Mr. Tazi for Afghanistan, Algeria, Ghana, Indonesia, laos, libya, Malaysia, Morocco and Tunisia on November 6, 1964. Earlier this year he was a member of the Tunisian Delegation to the U.N. Conference on Trade and Development. He has been closely associated with other U.N. activities, having been Economic Adviser to the Permanent Tunisian Mission to the U.N. since 1960. For some years he was in charge of economic research and documentation in the Societe Tunisienne de Banque in Tunis. He holds a doctorate in economics from the School of law and Economics in Paris. Mr. Ayari is married and has one child.

Aleksandar Bogoev of Yugoslavia has been Alternate to Mr. lieftinck for Cyprus, Israel, the Netherlands and Yugoslavia for the past two years. He came to the Bank after fourteen years in Belgrade as Deputy General Manager and later General Manager of the National Bank of Yugoslavia. He has also been General Manager of the Macedonian branch of the National Bank of Yugoslavia in Skopje. Mr. Bogoev went to school in Skopje and did his university work at the Economics Faculty of the University of Belgrade. He is married and has three children.

4 Jose Camacho-Lorenzana of Colombia has been Alternate to Mr. Mejia-Palacio for Braz.il, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador and the Philippines since 1959. For ten years prior to that he held the post of Counselor of Information for Latin America in the Bank. He has also spent many years in the foreign service of Colombia and he has attended numerous international conferences on economic and commercial matters. He was a member of the Bogota Stock Exchange and for twelve years a staff correspondent for several Bogota news \ papers. He completed his studies at the National University of Colom bia.He is concurrently Minister of the Colombian Embassy in Wash ington. Mr. Camacho-Lorenzana is married.

S. Othello Coleman of Liberia became Alternate to Mr. Garba for Burundi, Congo (Leopold ville) , Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar on November 9, 1964. He comes from Monrovia where he has been working in senior positions in the National Planning Agency, most recently as Director of Projects Preparation, Review, Evaluation and External Aid Coordi nation. In April 1962 Mr. Coleman represented his Government at the Workshop on Urbanization and Community Development held at the E.CA. Headquarters in Addis Ababa and in 1963 he attended the U.N. Seminar for African Officials on Development Financing and visited the Fund and the Economic Development Institute in Washington. He was in Washington in 1953-54 studying taxation and is a graduate of American International College in Springfield, Massa chusetts, with Economics as his major. Mr. Coleman is married and has four children. Rufino Gil of Costa Rica was appointed Alternate to Mr. Machado for Costa Rica, EI Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru and Venezuela on February 1, 1964. He has had a very extensive career in commercial,financial and academic life. In 1963 he was an Alternate Director of the Inter-American Develop ment Bank. He came to \'i{!ashington after many years as Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Bank of Costa Rica, as a professor of economics at the University of Costa Rica and as manager of a large automobile company in Costa Rica. He is a licensed public ac countant and holds a master's degree in Economics and Social Science from the University of Costa Rica. He is also Economic Minister Counsellor of the Embassy of Costa Rica in Washington; and he is a delegate to the Economic and Social Counsel as well as to the Action and Study Groups on Cocoa, Coffee, Banana and Sugar problems in the Organisation of American States. Mr. Gil is married and has four children. S. Guhan of India, was appointed Alternate to Mr. Rajan for India on August 17, 1964. He came to Washington after service as Private Secretary to the Finance Minister and to the Minister of Economic and Defense Coordination in India. He was also in charge of the Statistics and Survey Division of India's Planning Commission for

5 some time. Before joining the Central Government he had varied experience in the Government of Madras State. He has also taught at the Presidency College in Madras. He holds a degree in Statistics from the University of Madras. Mr. Guhan is married.

Stephen .J. Handfield-Jones was appointed Alternate to Mr. Plumptre for Canada, Ireland and Jamaica on August 1, 1964. He came to the Bank after ten years in the Research Department of the Bank of Canada in Ottawa. He has also spent several years in the Department I of Trade and Industry of the Province of Nova Scotia. He studied and did research work at Yale University, at New College, Oxford, and at the London School of Economics. Mr. Handfield-Tones is married and has three children. .

Othmar Haushofer of Austria became Alternate to Mr. van Campen hour for Austria, Belgium, Korea, Luxembourg and Turkey on Novem ber 1, 1964. For the last eight years he has been in the Executive Department of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Finance. He has also worked in a number of other branches of the Austrian Finance Minis try, particularly on the fiscal side. He was trained in law and in banking in Vienna and holds his Doctorate of Law from the University of Vienna. Mr. Haushofer is married and has three children.

Juan Haus-Solis of Bolivia became Alternate to Mr. San Miguel for Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay on November 1, 1964. He came from a two-year term as President of the Mining Bank of Bolivia in La Paz, following his previous term in the Bank from 1960 to 1962. In 1960 he was Minister of National Economy in Bolivia. Mr. Halls-Solis has a wide experience of the commercial and financial life in Bolivia and he was for four years a member of the Permanent National Commission of the Board of Coordination and Planning in La Paz. He has played an active role in efforts to foster cooperation among Latin American countries. Mr. Haus-Solis studied civil engi neering in Zurich. He is married and has three daughters and one son.

Ralph Hirschtritt was appointed temporary Alternate to Mr. Bullitt for the United States on May 5, 1964. He is also Deputy to the Assistant Secretary for International Financial and Economic Affairs, U.S. Treasury, and prior to this held the position of Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary to the Treasury. For fifteen years prior to his appointment as Temporary Bank Alternate, he was in the Office of International Finance in the U.S. Treasury, where he headed the Far Eastern, the British Commonwealth and the African Divisions at dif ferent times. He has also been an Economist in the Department of State and in the U.S. War Production Board. Over the past decade he has participated in a large number of international economic con ferences in the Far East, Europe and the Americas. He did his academic work at the College of the City of New York, Columbia University and American University in Washington. Mr. Hirschtritt is married and has a son and a daughter.

6 Odd Johs. Hokedal of Norway became Alternate to Mr. Thor for Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden on November 1, 1964. He came to Washington after serving three years as an Adviser to the Bank of Norway in Oslo. He spent nearly ten years in the Nor wegian Army, first at NCO School and later in the Norwegian Army Ordnance Corps, where he became a First Lieutenant. Mr. Hokedal did his studies in economics at the University of Oslo and at the Free U ni versi ty in West Berlin. He is married and he and his wife are living in North Arlington.

Ali Akbar Khosropur of Iran, Alternate to Mr. Mirza, has been Alternate Director for Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Pakistan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic and the United Arab Republic since December 1953. He became an Alternate Director of the IFC and IDA when these organizations were founded. For many years be fore coming to Washington he was associated with the Bank Melli in Tehran and became Vice Governor of the Bank Melli three years before being appointed Alternate Director in the Bank. He has also worked as an economist, accountant, historian and President of the Iranian Insurance Company. He graduated from the University of Tehran, Ecole de Science Politique in Paris and obtained a Ph.D. from I the University of Paris. He also worked in the Banque de Paris et de Pays-Bas and the Banque de France. He and his wife and two children live on Military Road in Washington.

Jean Malaplate became the Alternate to Mr. Larre for France on June 1, 1964. He is also Financial Attache to the French Embassy in Washington and has been since May 1, 1963. He came to Washington from Paris where he was in the International Affairs Division of the Ministry of Finance. He has had many years' experience in the Finance Division of the Government of Algeria and in the French High Com mission in Germany. He studied at the Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques (Section Finances Publiques) and at the Ecole Nationale d'Administration in Paris. Mr. Malaplate is married and has a daughter and a baby son.

Eiji Ozaki of Japan was appointed Alternate Director to Mr. Suzuki for Burma, Ceylon, Japan, Nepal and Thailand on April 9, 1964. He has held a number of senior positions in the Ministry of Finance in Tokyo and in the Economic Planning Agency. In 1953-54 he came to the International Monetary Fund for a training course. Before that he worked in a variety of economic agencies in Japan. Mr. Ozaki grad uated from the University of Kyoto, where he also obtained his Doctorate in Economics. He is married and has three children.

7 N. M. Peter Reilly was appointed Alternate to Sir Eric Roil for the United Kingdom in 1962. He is also Financial Counselor at the British Embassy in Washington. Before coming to Washington in 1960 he was for six years Economic Counselor to the Political Resi dent in Bahrain. During the war Mr. Reilly worked in the Ministry of Information in London. He has also had ten years' experience in private business and was for two years Secretary of one of Britain's Area Committees for National Fitness. He holds degrees in Agriculture and English from Cambridge and in Economics from London Uni versity. He is married and has two children.

Sergio Siglienti of Italy has been Alternate to Mr. Gutierrez Cano for Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal for the past four years. He is also an Executive Director of the Fund. He served for two years in the Finance Division of the European Coal and Steel Community in Luxembourg and has worked in a number of other cities in Europe for the Banca Commerciale Italiana. He is a graduate of the Faculty of Law of Rome University. Mr. Siglienti lives in northwest Washington.

I-Shuan Sun, who is the Alternate Executive Director for China in the Fund, has been the Temporary Alternate to Dr. Chen since 1960. Before he came to W'ashington, Mr. Sun was a Professor of Economics in Taiwan and held a number of high positions in the Civil Service. Dur ing the period 1953 to 1959, he was Personal Secretary to the President of the Republic of China. He holds a Doctorate in Economics from the University of Wisconsin. Mr. Sun is married .and has four children.

Andries J. Jansen van Vuuren, a citizen of the Republic of South Africa and presently Alternate to Mr. Garland, has been with the Bank since November 1, 1958 as Alternate Director for Australia, South Africa, Viet-Nam and more recently New Zealand. Before com ing to the Bank, Mr. van Vuuren worked in various offices of the South African Reserve Bank over a period of twenty years. He holds masters degrees in Business Administration and Economics from the University of Pretoria and Yale University respectively. Mr. van Vuuren is married and has two daughters.

8 TEACHING IN THE ARCTIC b, J. M. George

This littll{ Eskimo boy is already weaf'ing his winter

Banking in the Canadian Arctic can, Basin north of Hudson Bay. Accom I suppose, be compared with one as modation in the settlement was limited pect of business at 18th Street and so not all the children of school age Pennsylvania Avenue. Instead of going were able to attend during the year to the Cash Cage with his salary check, and one way of starting the education an Eskimo takes his seal skin or white of at least a few was to take the school fox pelt to the local Riggs, better to them during the summer months. known there as the Hudson Bay Store The Eskimos of this area usually live and has its value credited to his ac in groups of related families of vary count. Against this account he can ing numbers to 100 persons. The buy necessities for his existence-gas group has a leader, usually the best for the motor on his canoe, ammuni hunter. He has made enough money tion for hunting, tea, tobacco and through his hunting skill to buy a sugar. canoe and motor from the Hudson Bay I learned a little about life in one Store. The other men in the group use area of the Canadian Northwest Terri his canoe for hunting and each time tories when my sister invited me to they catch a seal or walrus, it is di join her for two months and help run vided among all the hunters, the "boss" a school for Eskimo children living in receiving a slightly larger share. The a summer camp. Two years earlier group leader owns more traps to catch she had gone to the settlement of foxes during the season when their Igloolik on Baffin Island to become the coats are white. It is on his journeys first principal of a school built by the along his trapline or trail, which may Canadian Department of Northern stretch for many miles, that the Es Affairs. Igloolik was the center for kimo may build an igloo as an over about 500 Eskimos living in the Foxe night shelter.

9 Fishing through the ice.

dogteam, then travel for a day by canoe, cross another ice floe in order to reach the shore. During July the ice floes begin to break up and travel ing is rather hazardous. Cracks several feet wide appear in the ice and the dogs have to swim through the water and then haul the sled across the gap. When we arrived at Tikeraq, the whole group was on the shore waiting to greet us. Everyone helped to erect The economy of the Eskimos whom our two tents, using large stones in I met depends on hunting. For ex stead of tent pegs. The group was ample, their dogs live for most of the co~posed of six families, with twenty year on walrus meat. Seal skins make chIldren among them, who lived in harnesses . for the dogs, waterproof five large white tents on the sea shore. boots for the Eskimos and credit at the The women had made their tents Hudson Bay Store. (All the boots are using white canvas bought at the Hud~ made by hand from seal skins which son. Bay St?re sewed up on a very must be chewed for many hours be anCIent sewmg machine-the one and fore they become pliable enough to only. Each family lived together in sew.) White fox pelts and ivory wal one tent, about twenty-five feet in rus tusks add to the Eskimos' income. length. A t one end of the tent there In July and August, the snow dis was a sleeping bench covered with appears and much of the land is cov caribou skins and sleeping bags. Near ered with moss and tiny brightly the ~oor was a seal oil lamp used for colored flowers. During these months heatlng and cooking. This moon the "land of the midnight sun" lives shaped dish was carved from soap up to its name. It never gets dark. It stone and filled with seal oil with a is at this time that the Eskimos travel small wick floating in the oil. The away from their winter camp to a only other items in most of the tents site more convenient for hunting wal were various knives, several cooking rus and seal. Here they live for two pots and maybe one or two small boxes to three months until the snow comes in which to store food. One of the again at the end of August, and then, families had several prized possessions well provided with a plentiful stock including a very old radio, an even of walrus meat, they pack up and re older gramaphone and the sewing turn to their permanent campsite. machine. Our summer camp was at a place One of the greatest pleasures of the called Tikeraq. To reach the camp we people appeared to be "visiting hour." had to cross an ice floe by sled and Although there were only six tents along the seashore, a group, usually either of women or men, would gather in one of the tents after school was over to drink tea and tell stories about the amazing journeys and adventures they had had in the past. At Tikeraq our tent became a regular teahouse especially as we had a plentiful suppl~ of sugar and colored picture books

Getting ready to harpoon a walrus. Freighting by dogsled. which delighted not only our smaller visitors, but also the hunters! One day, left alone in the camp with the women and children, I was thrilled to be able to entertain the six women who came shyly one by one with their babies on their backs in the hoods of their parkas. We spent a delightful time, trying to communicate -with smiles and gestures. Although I had tried to live on the local staple diet of fish, I had resorted to our which they caught themselves in the Hudson Bay Store supplies and on fast-flowing streams, sometimes using this occasion I experimented with a three-pronged spears. These fish were pancake mixture, served with maple delicious when boiled, or even eaten syrup, which was a great success with raw. the children. One day we went to another camp Each day, we rang our school bell, where we visited a very old Eskimo made for us by the "boss" of the camp, lady with tattoo marks on her face and fifteen children, aged from four to take her a small present of tea. She to sixteen years, would appear clutch insisted we try the delicacy in her ing their new books and pencils. We cooking pot-fish heads. It would have tried to keep regular school hours, but been unforgivable to refuse so we if, for example, the hunters came tried a very small piece, which did not home at 4 a.m., everyone wanted to in fact taste too unpleasant. hear about the trip and no one wen~ Two of the strangest sounds we to bed until 5 a.m. It was so easy to lose heard were the wailing of the dogs and count of time with no difference be a very scratchy gramaphone record of tween night and day. At first it was a gay Scottish reel. The huskies would very difficult for me. to communicate wander everywhere in the camp and in any way other than by sign lan for no apparent reason, one of them guage. After two years in the Arctic would suddenly throw back his head my sister was able to speak the Eskimo and start a low howl which would language and she taught me enough gradually be taken up by every other to be able to teach Grade 1 English and dog. With as many as fifty dogs this very simple math. When the weather made a considerable noise which was warm and sunny, with tempera would stop just as suddenly as it had tures of 50° to 60° we sat outside on started. One evening before we left caribou skins with our classes. The the Sllmmer camp, a dance was given children were very interested in learn in our honor. The gramaphone and ing and concentrated for several hours the one record, which was played at a time. They loved drawing and making cut-out pictures, neither of which they had ever done before. The children never appeared to quarrel among themselves, and were never scolded for any reason by their elders. Instead of "an apple for teacher" our small pupils brought us fish. These were large Arctic char or salmon trout

Five walrus sleeping on the ice floe. The old man whose feet were frozen An Eskimo dog. carving the author's kayak. over and over again, now came into as tough little hunters, dressed as their own. Everyone gathered in one shepherds and Wise Men. of the largest tents, sitting wherever In our group there was just one old there was room, and one 'set' would Eskimo who had learned to carve. He dance in the center. A single dance worked mostly with the ivory from might go on for as long as forty-five walrus tusks and he sold me the Ii ttle minutes. One had to be quite hardy kayak that he is carving in the photo to learn and keep up with the differ graph. Two years earlier this man ent parts of the dance. had been harpooning seals from the Each Sunday all the Eskimos gath edge of the ice floe when a large piece ered to read passages from the Bible of ice broke away from the main floe and sing hymns. Our English words and drifted out to sea for about ten fitted in very well with the Eskimo days with him still on it. During this hymn tunes. Each child had to learn time he lost both his feet from frost a passage from the Bible, translated bi te and although he wore his seal into Eskimo, and would proudly recite boots all the time, he naturally had it when his turn came. At Christmas great difficulty in getting about at all. time, when most of the Eskimos in When we came south to Montreal, the area gathered in the settlement of Ottawa and Toronto and visited gal Igloolik, many of the children took leries with their Eskimo art, it seemed part in a play for the first time and strange that just a short while before proud parents were amazed to see we had actually lived in the silent, their sons, normally only thought of empty, beautiful land of the Eskimos.

The author sitting on the ice floe fin her arctic garb. A -~

SINTERKlAAS b'Jl Margriet Karssemeijer Santa Claus has as many tales circttlated about his origins as he has hairs in his beard. But the story of the origin of his name from the Dutch Saint Nicholas, or Sinterklaas, is pretty generally agreed upon all over the world. Because so few people in Washington know about this Saint and the way his birthday is celebrated in The Netherlands, Margriet Karssemeijer, from The Hague, describes this event for the amusement and edification of her fellow staff members. Once upon a time there was a mighty good Saint, and, as far as we know, he is still with us. Saint Nicholas, or Sinterklaas as the Dutch call him, is unique, and his birthday is on December 6--every year. He never gets any older because nobody knows exactly how old he is, although they whisper that he actually is quite old. He is a bishop and consequently dresses like one. He comes from Spain, has a beard, and he also rides a horse that is supposedly white, although its shade comes closer to that of soaked newspapers without colored ads. These are some vague details about the good old Saint who somehow causes I so much joy and hilarity and many young hearts to beat faster. Inseparable

13 from him are his dark-painted servants--dressed smashingly in colorful suits, punishing naughty little children by beating them with rods, but always ending up giving them presents. This behavior always strikes us as somewhat ui1Usual for a Saint these days, and it makes us wonder. Anyway, you won't receive any presents unless you are good all year long (try that one). Preparations for his birthday start around the first of December. Before going to sleep, children will sing their special songs in front of the fireplace, and occasionally one will hear the feet of Monseigneur's horse on the roof (possibly a neighbour trying to fix his TV antenna), causing silence and fear ... followed by delighted screams and excitement. Then the kids will put some hay and a big carrot in their shoe for the horse who may be hungry. Next morning this food has disappeared, and there will always be candy or a small gift. These happen ings continue until the sixth when the mighty man arrives, very visible indeed, and you just cannot miss meeting him. All the time one has to remember that there is only ONE Saint Nicholas and that is why it must puzzle a foreigner attempting to do some sightseeing during this time of the year. For voilci-easily a hundred Saints: some on horseback, some arriving from Spain on a "steamship" in a brook, and some merely roam ing the streets, surrounded by their servants and yelling at each other when, no doubt unintentionally, they meet. There are even instances when Nicholas will give up completely and is just very tired, sitting down anywhere, ripped and dismantled, his long, long beard diminished to about one inch of Johnson & Johnson, without any appeal but still very vain. Poor Saint. For the Dutch adult there is even more fun with the night of December fifth the highlight. The most remarkable poems and disguised gifts are fabricated during this first week of December. We are convinced that if there were such a thing as "The Saint Nicholas Committee for Selection of Artists and Would Be's," Holland certainly would increase in artistic popularity, although it is rather peculiar how busy the garbage disposal people are just after the event. Poor Saint Nicholas indeed. For when the sun goes down on the sixth day of December, he suddenly disappears-we guess to Spain. With him go fun and excitement, and most of all some possible means of disciplining children. For who else could possibly make us behave so well during the next fifty-one weeks? And who else is ever going to "beat" the Dutch?

Drawings by Bas Hoogkamer. a /riend 0/ the author. INTRODUCING NEW PROFESSIONAL STAFF Dina Driva, from Greece, a Junior Economist, has been with the Economic Department since October 29. Miss Driva has worked with the Bank of Greece as an economist since 1955 but spent the time between September 1959 and April 1962 in Washington attending the International Monetary Fund training program and taking courses at American University. She has her degree in Law, Economics and Political Science from the University of Athens and her B.A. and M.A. in Economics from American University. Miss Driva lives in northwest Washington. Manuel C. Zenick came to the Department of Operations-Western Hemi sphere on November 2 from AID where he had been Chief of the East Coast Loan Division since mid-1964. During the 1963-64 academic year, Mr. Zenick was a Fellow of the National Institute of Public Affairs at the University of Chicago. He went to Chicago from AID where he had been Chief of the Caribbean/Mexico Loan Division during 1961-63. From 1959-61 he was Senior Economist and Acting Chief of the Financial Policy Division of the Development Loan Fund, and from 1957-59 was Deputy Chief of the Spanish Division and Economist in the Africa/Europe Program of the International Cooperation Administration. Mr. Zenick was with ICA in Paris frorri 1955-57 on the U.S. Delegation to NATO and OEEC, and from 1953-55 with ICA in Washington working on European regional integration. His U.S. Government career started in 1951 when he was a Commodity Policy Economist with the Department of State. Mr. Zenick has his B.A. from the College of the City of New York and has done graduate work in Economics at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva and at George Washington University. He lives in Foggy Bottom. Claude J. C. Bourgin, a Frenchman, joined the Agriculture Division of the Technical Operations Department as an Agriculturist on November 3. Mr. Bourgin graduated from the Institut National Agronomique in Paris as an Agricultural Engineer and also did advanced study in tropical agriculture in l'Ecole Superieure d'Agronomie Tropicale. From 1945-48 he was Director of the Secteur de Modernisation du Paysanat in Morocco and from 1948-58 was Chief of the Research Department of the Societe Internationale de Regie Cointeressee des Tabacs au Maroc. Mr. Bourgin was seconded by the Tobacco Monopoly to the Moroccan Institute of Agricultural Research from 1958 through 1962 as Chief of their Research Division from 1959-62 and Inspector General from 1962 until he came to Washington. Mrs. Bourgin and their three children will join Mr. Bourgin in Washington next summer. Alphonse H. Shibusawa, from Japan, is the most recent staff member to join the Department of Operations-Western Hemisphere, coming to the Bank on November 10 from Chile where he had been Program Officer with the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America in Santiago since 1963. From 1958-63 Mr. Shibusawa was with the United Nations Bureau of Technical Assistance Operations in New York as a Program Officer in the Latin American Section. Mr. Shibusawa has his Associate in Liberal Arts, B.S. in Business Administration and M.A. in Economics-all from the University of California in Berkeley. He and his wife have moved into an Arlington apartment.

15 Er~est J. Ett1inger came to IFC's Department of Operations, Development ·· Finance Companies on November 16 from the U.S. Department of ' Justice where he was a Staff Attorney in the Civil Division. From 1958-62 Mr. Ettlinger was senior law clerk in the U.S. District Court in San Francisco working extensively on civil . and criminal antitrust cases. He was a Teaching Fellow at Stanford University Law School during 1955-56, was in the Law Department of the Association of Casualty and Surety Companies in New York during 1955, and was in private law practice in Jerusalem, Israel during 1951-52. Mr. Ettlinger matriculated at the University ' of London and received his diploma from the Government Law School in Jerusalem. He has an LL.B. from the University of London and also from Yale Law School and an LL.M. in Inter national Law from New York University. The Ettlingers and their two little girls Iive in Lake Barcroft.

Bimal N. Jalan, from India, transferred from the Monetary Fund to the Office of The Economic Adviser to the President of the Bank on November 16. Mr. Jalan had been an Economist in the Exchange Restrictions Department of ' the Fund since September of this year. He is a graduate in Economics from the University of Calcutta and also from Cambridge University and has his B. Phil. from Balliol College, Oxford. Mr. Jalan lives in Arlington.

Pierre Labouerie, from France, joined IFC's Department of Investments, Latin America, Europe and Australasia as an Investment Officer on November 23. Mr. Labouerie was a financial analyst in charge of chemical and aluminum securities in the Investment Research Bureau of the Banque Mobiliere Privee before coming to Washington. He did his military service in the French Air Force as an interpreter on a U.S. Air Force base. From 1961-62 he was Assistant to the Head of the International Department of Societe d'lnvestissement et Degestion in charge of American securities and from 1958-59 worked for NATO in Paris on information liaison with the American Embassy. Mr. Labouerie has his Licence en Droit from the University of Paris and completed the preliminary requirements for his Doctorate in Economics there. He also spent a year doing graduate work in economics at the University of Chicago as a University of Paris Exchange Fellow. At various times during his career, Mr. Labouerie has worked for almost a year with the Wall Street firm of H. C. Wainwright.

Jacques Guillot-Lageat, a Frenchman, has been an Economist in the Economic Department since November 25. From 1962 until May of this year, Mr. Guillot was a Management Consultant-Engineer with Institut Bedaux-an interna tional management consulting firm in Paris. He joined Bedaux in 1959 but his career with them was interrupted by two years of military service as an operational research engineer. He has his Diploma from the Ecole des Sciences Politiques of the University of Paris and his Licence and Doctorate in Economics from the Faculte de Droit et de Sciences Economiques. He has also done ad vanced research in economics at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes.

16 WELCOME TO NEW STAFF-OCTOBER (L to R): Leila Shehadeh, Treasurer's Department, from Jerusalem, Palestine; Nolita Pontanilla, Technical Operations Department, from Rosario, Cavite, Philippines; Christine Kriebel, Economic Department, from Berlin; Roslyn Delaney, Department of Operations-Far East, from Sydney, Australia; Nora Durell, Technical Operations Department, from Adelaide, Australia; Alejandrina Perez, I.F.C. Legal Department, from Puerto Rico; Elaine Gruenberg, Economic Department, from Netherlands Antilles; and Daphne McGregor, Office of the President, from Sydney, Australia.

FIVE YEAR STAFF-DECEMBER (L to R) : Eleanor Silver, Il Hi Kang and Edith Casale. (Insert) Sheila Mitchell.

TEN YEAR STAFF-DECEMBER Mahmud Burney (L) and Peter Reid.

17 BOWLING After a somewhat confusing start to the season, due to a great number of our old-time bowlers straggling wearily back from Tokyo via various routes, the Bowling league is now operating on a full head of steam. Every three years when the Annual Meeting is out of the country, it is very difficult for the Officers of the League to get things properly organized until everyone has returned to home base. This year has been no exception and the Officers should be congratulated on the patient way in which they managed a difficult job. \X'e still need those new bowlers who helped us out so well in September; Captains are looking for bowlers every week so there are plenty of opportunities for su bsti tu tes. The standings after ten weeks of bowling are very interesting with Energetics, T.O.D. and Printers battling for the top three places. Energetics, it will be recalled, started out very much at the bottom of the League but have worked themselves into first place and are not likely to be moved without a great deal of determined persuasion. It will be noted that at the end of September there was only a three game difference between the first and third team, and only a four game difference between the fourth and twelfth. This must mean some thing. Perhaps one of our analysts can gaze into his crystal ball and give us a scientific explanation. On the individuals side, the women are being very mean. November was obviously "V" month for the women for if you didn't have a "V" in your name you just didn't get listed. Vicky Viola was by far the least inclined to give up the top spots as she laid hold to High Set, High Game, High Spares and High Flat Game and only allowed Violet Reynolds the honor of High Average and High Strikes. The men are much fairer and at least at present, try to spread the honors around. Peter O'Neill had High Average, Reno Giammetta (this year bowling as a substitute) had High Set and High Game, Del Harris claimed High Strikes and High Spares, while Bill Bennett accepted the High Flat. Since we returned to the Lafayette Alleys the standard of bowling has improved, a fact borne out by the high averages of Violet Reynolds-1 04 and Peter O'Neill-109! Before Thanksgiving the Annual Turkey Tournament was held and, to add a little variation to the theme, the prizes were awarded to the lowest scorers. On a handicap basis the winners, or losers whichever way you want to look at it, were Vicky Viola (there's that "V" Girl again) and Peter O'Neill. It just goes to show that a high average can be an advantage at times. As regards the Tournament, which was enjoyed by one and all, thanks are due to Peggy Russell and Mort Mendels for supplying the festive fowls. So with the New Year in sight, the Officers of the League wish all bowlers and non-bowlers a most Merry Christmas and a prosperous New Year and that as we progress through 1965 there will be more bowlers and higher scores and that everyone will have a better time than he or she anticipated.

18 9~ BIRTHS: James Paterson, second child weighed 6 lbs., 9 ozs. when she arrived and first son for Brigid and Robert in the Columbia Hospital for Women Whyte of the Technical Operations on November 18. Department, was born on October 2 Lothy and Werner Schick, of the and joined his family at about six Junior Professional Recruitment and weeks of age. Training Program, welcomed their first Jeffrey Evans, first child for Mer child, Daniel L., on November 21 in cedita and Mike Miguelino, weighed the George Washington University 7 lbs., 4 ozs. when he arrived in Hospital. He weighed 5 lbs., 4 ozs. George Washington University Hos Michael Albert, second son for Car pital on November 7. Mrs. Miguelino men and Gregory Votaw of the De is in the Treasurer's Department. partment of Operations-South Asia Loredan and Gabriele Sciolli, of the and Middle East, was born on No Junior Professional Recruitment and vember 25 in the George Washington Training Program, welcomed their University Hospital weighing 7 lbs., second son, Stefano, on November 7 2Yz ozs. in the George Washington University Hospital. He weighed 8 Ibs., 2 ozs. BEST WISHES TO: 11 Hi Kang of Also born on November 7 was the Economic Development Institute Susan and Ronald Russell's second who was married on August lOin son, Andrew, who weighed 7 lbs., 11 Korea while on home leave to the ozs. at birth in the George Washing former Yae Jin Lee. Mr. Kang ac ton University Hospital. Mr. Russell quired a twelve year old daughter and is with the Department of Operations, ten year old son in the process who South Asia and Middle East. will come to Washington some time Tami Lyn, first child and daughter after Mrs. Kang arrives in April. for Patsy and Miguel Martins, was Sheila Bunker of the Legal Depart born on November 16 in the Columbia ment whose engagement to Terry Hospital for Women and weighed 7 Meyers of Silver Spring, Maryland, lbs., 7 ozs. Mr. Martins is in the Ad was announced recently. Mr. Meyers ministration Department. is studying for his B.A. at Lawrence Cristele, first baby and daughter for University in Wisconsin. A fall wed Pascaline and Philippe Duvieusart, ding is planned in England.

I am deeply moved by the thoughtfulness of all Bill's friends who have made it possible to have a memorial placed in St. fohns Church, Centreville, Virginia. Until after the next vestry meeting we can't be sure of the extent of the memorial, but I thought you might like to know that part of it will be a reproduction of the altar rail which has been in the church since it was built in pre-civil war days. The children join me in expressing our thanks. Eileen Howell IN MEMORIAM Lois Burney, Bank staff member since 1954, on December 1, in Washington, D.C. Francesco leva, father of Gaetano leva, on October 17, in Andria, Italy. Mary Awid, mother of Emily Awid, on November 9, in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 1

19 The spirit of Christmas is upon us and we digress from our usual Bank-oriented column to touch upon Christmas stamps. A topic in itself, those shown on this page are but a few of the multitude of beautiful and colorful stamps issued by many countries for Christmas. More and more countries are scheduling Christmas stamps. The United States started in 1962, Malawi, the first African nation to do so, is issuing a four-value set this year, and Canada plans a Christmas stamp for 1965. Pictorial cancellations permitted by many countries for the season also make an interesting collection and add a touch of variety. There are also those who collect Christmas seals, and these seals, because of their varied colors and merry subjects, can be extremely pleasing. Still doing your Christmas shopping? Remember a collector wiil always welcome something in the philatelic line and even the non collector, especially a youngster, will appreciate a start on an interesting hobby. And to aU of you-a merry, happy Christmas!