DOCSLIB.ORG

Banque Centrale De Tunisie the Republic of Tunisia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Banque Centrale De Tunisie the Republic of Tunisia Banque Centrale de Tunisie acting on behalf of The Republic of Tunisia €850,000,000 5.625% Notes due 2024 Issue Price: 99.296% The €850,000,000 5.625% Notes due 2024 (the “Notes”) are being issued by Banque Centrale de Tunisie (the “Bank”) acting on behalf of The Republic of Tunisia (the “Issuer”). The Issuer will pay interest on the Notes annually in arrear on 17 February in each year, commencing on 17 February 2018. The Notes mature on 17 February 2024. Payments on the Notes will be made without deduction for or on account of taxes imposed by The Republic of Tunisia or any political subdivision thereof or any authority therein or thereof having power to tax, to the extent described under “Terms and Conditions of the Notes—Taxation”. The Bank is acting solely as agent of The Republic of Tunisia in connection with the issue of the Notes. Accordingly, the obligations of the Issuer under the Notes and all related documents are not obligations of the Bank itself (and the Notes do not represent a liability of the Bank itself) but are obligations of The Republic of Tunisia (and the Notes accordingly represent a liability of The Republic of Tunisia). The Bank has not waived immunity with respect to its assets or any other immunity available to it. The Notes have not been and will not be registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or with any securities regulatory authority of any State or other jurisdiction of the United States, and may not be offered or sold within the United States except pursuant to an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act. For a summary of certain restrictions on resale, see “Subscription and Sale”. The Notes will be offered and sold outside the United States in reliance on Regulation S under the Securities Act (“Regulation S”). INVESTING IN THE NOTES INVOLVES RISKS. SEE “RISK FACTORS” FOR A DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN CONNECTION WITH AN INVESTMENT IN THE NOTES. The Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (the “CSSF”) in its capacity as competent authority under the Luxembourg Act dated 10 July 2005 (the “Luxembourg Act”) relating to prospectuses for securities has approved this Prospectus for the purposes of Directive 2003/71/EC, as amended (including the amendments made by Directive 2010/73/EU) (the “Prospectus Directive”), and application has been made to the Luxembourg Stock Exchange for listing of the Notes on the official list of the Luxembourg Stock Exchange (the “Official List”) and for admission to trading of the Notes on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange’s regulated market. By approving this Prospectus, the CSSF gives no undertaking as to the economic or financial opportuneness of the transaction or the quality and solvency of The Republic of Tunisia in line with the provisions of Article 7(7) of the Luxembourg Act. References in this Prospectus to the Notes being “listed” (and all related references) shall mean that the Notes have been listed on the Official List and admitted to trading on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange’s regulated market. The Luxembourg Stock Exchange’s regulated market is a regulated market for the purposes of Directive 2004/39/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on markets in financial instruments. The Notes are expected to be rated Ba3 by Moody’s Investors Service Ltd. (“Moody’s”) and B+ by Fitch Ratings Ltd. (“Fitch”). Each of Moody’s and Fitch is established in the European Union and registered under Regulation (EC) No 1060/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 on credit rating agencies (the “CRA Regulation”). As such, each of Moody’s and Fitch is included in the latest update of the list of registered credit rating agencies published by the European Securities and Markets Authority on its website: http://www.esma.europa.eu/page/List- registered-and-certified-CRAs in accordance with the CRA Regulation as of the date of this Prospectus. A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be subject to revision, suspension or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating organisation. The Notes will be offered and sold in registered form in denominations of €100,000 or any amount in excess thereof which is an integral multiple of €1,000. The Notes will be represented by beneficial interests in an unrestricted global note (the “Global Note”) in registered form without interest coupons attached, which will be registered in the name of Citivic Nominees Limited, as nominee for, and will be deposited on or about 17 February 2017 (the “Issue Date”) with a common depositary for Euroclear Bank SA/NV (“Euroclear”) and Clearstream Banking, société anonyme (“Clearstream, Luxembourg”). Beneficial interests in the Global Note will be shown on, and transfers thereof will be effected only through, records maintained by Euroclear and Clearstream, Luxembourg and their respective participants. Except in the limited circumstances as described herein, certificates will not be issued in exchange for beneficial interests in the Global Note. GLOBAL CO-ORDINATOR NATIXIS JOINT LEAD MANAGERS AND JOINT BOOKRUNNERS Commerzbank J.P. Morgan NATIXIS The date of this Prospectus is 15 February 2017. IMPORTANT NOTICES This document comprises a prospectus for the purposes of Article 5.3 of the Prospectus Directive and for the purposes of the Luxembourg Act. References in this Prospectus to the “Issuer” are to the Banque Centrale de Tunisie acting on behalf of The Republic of Tunisia for the purposes of issuing the Notes as described in this Prospectus. The Issuer accepts responsibility for the information contained in this Prospectus. To the best of the knowledge and belief of the Issuer (having made all reasonable enquiries and having taken all reasonable care to ensure that such is the case) the information contained in this Prospectus is in accordance with the facts and does not omit anything likely to affect the import and completeness of such information. This Prospectus does not constitute an offer of, or an invitation by or on behalf of the Issuer, The Republic of Tunisia, NATIXIS (the “Global Co-ordinator”) or the Joint Lead Managers (as defined in “Subscription and Sale”) to subscribe or purchase any of the Notes. The distribution of this Prospectus and the offering of the Notes in certain jurisdictions may be restricted by law. Persons into whose possession this Prospectus comes are required to inform themselves about and to observe any such restrictions. For a description of further restrictions on offers and sales of Notes and distribution of this Prospectus, see “Subscription and Sale”. No person is authorised in connection with the offering of the Notes to give any information or to make any representation regarding the Issuer, The Republic of Tunisia or the Notes not contained in this Prospectus and any information or representation not so contained must not be relied upon as having been authorised by or on behalf of the Issuer, The Republic of Tunisia, the Global Co-ordinator or the Joint Lead Managers. A potential investor should carefully evaluate the information provided herein in light of the total mix of information available to it, recognising that neither the Issuer nor The Republic of Tunisia nor any other person can provide any assurance as to the reliability of any information not contained in this document. Neither the delivery of this Prospectus nor any sale made in connection herewith shall, under any circumstances, create any implication that there has been no change in the affairs of The Republic of Tunisia since the date hereof or the date upon which this Prospectus has been most recently amended or supplemented or that there has been no adverse change in the financial, political and/or economic position of The Republic of Tunisia since the date hereof or the date upon which this Prospectus has been most recently amended or supplemented or that the information contained in it or any other information supplied in connection with the Notes is correct as of any time subsequent to the date on which it is supplied or, if different, the date indicated in the document containing the same. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Global Co-ordinator and the Joint Lead Managers accept no responsibility whatsoever for the contents of this Prospectus or for any other statement, made or purported to be made by the Global Co-ordinator or a Joint Lead Manager or on their behalf in connection with the Issuer, The Republic of Tunisia or the issue and offering of the Notes. Each of the Global Co-ordinator and the Joint Lead Managers accordingly disclaims all and any liability whether arising in tort or contract or otherwise (save as referred to above) which it might otherwise have in respect of this Prospectus or any such statement. The Fiscal Agent, the Registrar, the Paying Agents and the Transfer Agents referred to herein make no representation regarding this Prospectus or the Notes. IN CONNECTION WITH THE ISSUE OF THE NOTES, NATIXIS, AS STABILISING MANAGER (THE “STABILISING MANAGER”) (OR PERSONS ACTING ON BEHALF OF THE STABILISING MANAGER), MAY OVER ALLOT NOTES OR EFFECT TRANSACTIONS WITH A VIEW TO SUPPORTING THE MARKET PRICE OF THE NOTES AT A LEVEL HIGHER THAN THAT WHICH MIGHT OTHERWISE PREVAIL. HOWEVER, THERE IS NO ASSURANCE THAT THE STABILISING MANAGER (OR PERSONS ACTING ON BEHALF OF THE STABILISING MANAGER) WILL UNDERTAKE STABILISATION ACTION. ANY STABILISATION ACTION MAY BEGIN ON OR AFTER THE DATE ON WHICH ADEQUATE PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF THE TERMS OF THE OFFER OF THE NOTES IS MADE AND, IF BEGUN, MAY BE ENDED AT ANY TIME, BUT IT MUST END NO LATER THAN THE EARLIER OF 30 DAYS AFTER THE ISSUE DATE OF THE NOTES AND 60 DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF THE ALLOTMENT OF SUCH NOTES.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download Publication
    44 Germany’s Security Assistance to Tunisia: A Boost to Tunisia’s Long-Term Stability and Democracy? Anna Stahl, Jana Treffler IEMed. European Institute of the Mediterranean Consortium formed by: Board of Trustees - Business Council: Corporate Sponsors Partner Institutions Papers IE Med. Publication : European Institute of the Mediterranean Editorial Coordinator: Aleksandra Chmielewska Proof-reading: Neil Charlton Layout: Núria Esparza Print ISSN: 2565-2419 Digital ISSN: 2565-2427 Legal deposit: B 27451-2019 November 2019 This series of Papers brings together the result of research projects presented at the EuroMeSCo Annual Conference 2018. On the occasion of the EuroMeSCo Annual Conference “Changing Euro-Mediterranean Lenses”, held in Rabat on 12-13 July 2018, distinguished analysts presented indeed their research proposals related to developments in Europe and their impact on how Southern Mediterranean states perceive the EU and engage in Euro-Mediterranean cooperation mechanisms. More precisely, the papers articulated around three main tracks: how strategies and policies of external actors including the European Union impact on Southern Mediterranean countries, how the EU is perceived by the neighbouring states in the light of new European and Euro-Mediterranean dynamics, and what is the state of play of Euro-Mediterranean relations, how to revitalize Euro-Mediterranean relations and overcome spoilers. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility
    [Show full text]
  • Tunisia 2019 Human Rights Report
    TUNISIA 2019 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Tunisia is a constitutional republic with a multiparty, unicameral parliamentary system and a president with powers specified in the constitution. During the year the country held parliamentary and presidential elections in the first transition of power since its first democratic elections in 2014. On October 6, the country held open and competitive parliamentary elections that resulted in the Nahda Party winning a plurality of the votes, granting the party the opportunity to form a new government. President Kais Saied, an independent candidate without a political party, came to office on October 23 after winning the country’s second democratic presidential elections. On July 25, President Caid Essebsi died of natural causes and power transferred to Speaker of Parliament Mohamed Ennaceur as acting president for the three months prior to the election of President Saied on October 13. The Ministry of Interior holds legal authority and responsibility for law enforcement. The ministry oversees the National Police, which has primary responsibility for law enforcement in the major cities, and the National Guard (gendarmerie), which oversees border security and patrols smaller towns and rural areas. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. Significant human rights issues included reports of unlawful or arbitrary killings, primarily by terrorist groups; allegations of torture by government agents, which reportedly decreased during the year; arbitrary arrests and detentions of suspects under antiterrorism or emergency laws; undue restrictions on freedom of expression and the press, including criminalization of libel; corruption, although the government took steps to combat it; societal violence and threats of violence targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons; and criminalization of consensual same-sex sexual conduct that resulted in arrests and abuse by security forces.
    [Show full text]
  • Cdl(2015)026*
    Strasbourg, 2 June 2015 CDL(2015)026* Engl. only EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) PRESIDENT’S ACTIVITIES from 10 March to 12 May 2015 *This document has been classified restricted on the date of issue. Unless the Venice Commission decides otherwise, it will be declassified a year after its issue according to the rules set up in Resolution CM/Res(2001)6 on access to Council of Europe documents. This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. www.venice.coe.int CDL(2015)026 - 2 - 10 March 2015 – Tunis - Official visit to Tunisia with the new Authorities formed after the 2014 legislative and presidential elections, to discuss co-operation with the Venice Commission for the implementation of new Tunisian Constitution. - Meetings with Mr Beji Caid Essebsi, President of Tunisia, Mr Mohamed Ennaceur, President of the People Representatives Assembly, Mr Mohamed Salah Ben Aissa, Minister of Justice, Mr Kamel Jendoubi, Minister in charge of the relations with the Constitutional Institutions and the Civil Society, Mr Khaled Ayari, President of the Cassation Court and of the Body in charge of Constitutional Review, Mr Chafik Sarsar, Chairman of the High Independent Authority for the elections. - Subjects for future co-operation: establishment of the High Council of the Judiciary and of the Constitutional Court, electoral law and political parties. 12 March 2015 – Lisbon - Exchange of views with the Board of Management of Eurimages on the Venice Commission’s experience as an Enlarged Agreement and co-operation with non-European States. 16 March 2015 – Paris - Working lunch with Ms Kristyna Zelienkova, Rapporteur to the Political Affairs Committee of the Parliamentary Assembly to the Council of Europe, on the political consequences of the crisis in Ukraine.
    [Show full text]
  • Arab Dispatch - a Project by the NATO Defense College Foundation
    Arab Dispatch - a project by the NATO Defense College Foundation Issue n. 21 24th - 31st July 2019 North Africa #Tunisia – Tunisia bids farewell to President Essebsi and announces early election On the 27th of July, thousands of people have gathered in the capital Tunis to bid farewell to the country’s first democratically elected President, Beji Caid Essebsi, at a state funeral that was attended by several foreign leaders. Essebsi, who helped guide Tunisia’s democratic transition after the 2011 Jasmine Revolution, died aged 92 last Thursday. Appointed as PM after Ben Ali’s fall, he founded in 2012 the secular Nidaa Tounes party – now part of the governing coalition with the Islamist party Ennahda – and was elected head of state two years later. Caid Essebsi was widely perceived as a unifying figure in Tunisia’s fractured political landscape, but ultimately unable to bring prosperity and stability to a country beset by a persistent economic crisis and hit by sporadic terrorist attacks. Hours after his death, Parliament Speaker, Mohamed Ennaceur, became interim president in line with the current constitution. Meanwhile, the electoral commission announced a presidential election for the 15thof September, two months earlier than scheduled. To know more about this topic: • Al-Monitor, “Tunisian president's death leaves conflicted legacy, unclear future”, 07/25/19, available at: bit.ly/2ZjX2tJ. • Middle East Monitor, “Tunisia bids farewell to president Essebsi at state funeral”, 07/27/19, available at: bit.ly/2YdItLD. • The Arab Weekly, “Tunisian president’s death changes country’s political landscape”, 07/27/19, available at: bit.ly/2YefWWn.
    [Show full text]
  • Mediterranean Review July 31 2012 INSIDE THIS ISSUE
    CIVIL - MILITARY FUSION CENTRE Mediterranean Review July 31 2012 INSIDE THIS ISSUE This document provides an overview of developments in the Mediterranean Basin and other regions of In Focus 1 North Africa 2 interest from 24 July — 30 July, with hyperlinks to source material highlighted and underlined in the Northeast Africa 4 text. For more information on the topics below or other issues pertaining to the region, please contact the Horn of Africa 6 members of the Med Basin Team, or visit our website at www.cimicweb.org. Middle East 8 ABOUT THE CFC The Civil-Military Fusion Centre (CFC) is an information and knowledge management organisation focused on improving civil-military interaction, facilitating information sharing and enhancing situational awareness through the CimicWeb portal and our weekly and monthly publications. CFC products link to and are based on open-source information from a wide variety of organisations, research centres and media sources. However, the CFC does not endorse and cannot necessarily guarantee the accuracy or objectivity of these sources. CFC publications are In Focus: The Chemical Weapons Threat in Syria By Linda Lavender independently produced Syria is one of only a few countries in the global community that has not joined the 1997 UN by Desk Officers and do Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which prohibits its parties from possessing chemical weap- not reflect NATO policies ons and requires parties to destroy existing stocks. The CWC is considered by experts to be one of or positions of any other the world’s most successful non-proliferation agreements. Since the convention entered into force in April 1997, there has not been a state-on-state conflict where chemical weapons have been de- organisation.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Certain Foreign Institutions Classified As Official for Purposes of Reporting on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms
    NOT FOR PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY JANUARY 2001 Revised Aug. 2002, May 2004, May 2005, May/July 2006, June 2007 List of Certain Foreign Institutions classified as Official for Purposes of Reporting on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms The attached list of foreign institutions, which conform to the definition of foreign official institutions on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms, supersedes all previous lists. The definition of foreign official institutions is: "FOREIGN OFFICIAL INSTITUTIONS (FOI) include the following: 1. Treasuries, including ministries of finance, or corresponding departments of national governments; central banks, including all departments thereof; stabilization funds, including official exchange control offices or other government exchange authorities; and diplomatic and consular establishments and other departments and agencies of national governments. 2. International and regional organizations. 3. Banks, corporations, or other agencies (including development banks and other institutions that are majority-owned by central governments) that are fiscal agents of national governments and perform activities similar to those of a treasury, central bank, stabilization fund, or exchange control authority." Although the attached list includes the major foreign official institutions which have come to the attention of the Federal Reserve Banks and the Department of the Treasury, it does not purport to be exhaustive. Whenever a question arises whether or not an institution should, in accordance with the instructions on the TIC forms, be classified as official, the Federal Reserve Bank with which you file reports should be consulted. It should be noted that the list does not in every case include all alternative names applying to the same institution.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Bank Independence in North Africa
    POLICY BRIEF NO. 36 MARCH 2014 CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE IN NORTH AFRICA BESSMA MOMANI AND SAMANTHA ST. AMAND KEY POINTS • Over the past 30 years, North African states have made positive strides toward central bank independence (CBI) that are correlated with overall structural transformations toward economic liberalization. • The Arab uprisings appeared to provide a positive political nudge for advancing statutory amendments toward CBI. • Compared to other emerging market economies and developing regions, there is further room for improvement on achieving the goals of CBI in North Africa. • CBI in North Africa can be strengthened by promoting a learning culture and technocratic BESSMA MOMANI values within the central banks. Bessma Momani is associate professor in the Department of Political Science at the University INTRODUCTION of Waterloo and the BSIA. She is also a senior fellow with the Centre for International Governance Securing CBI has become best practice in global governance. Both the political Innovation (CIGI). and economic literatures suggest that CBI facilitates price stability, promotes transparency to citizens and provides accountability toward the public good. CBI is also credited with protecting the economic and financial system from the trappings of regulatory capture. In addition, a number of scholars have argued that CBI is correlated with positive policy outcomes, including balanced long- term economic growth, stable financial markets and a reduced likelihood of publicly funded financial institution bailouts. Moreover, some have suggested that CBI is important for fostering a healthy liberal democracy. As global markets SAMANTHA ST. AMAND have become increasingly integrated and interdependent, securing CBI is also Samantha St. Amand is a research associate in the Global Economy considered a domestic, regional and global public good.
    [Show full text]
  • Tax Relief Country: Italy Security: Intesa Sanpaolo S.P.A
    Important Notice The Depository Trust Company B #: 15497-21 Date: August 24, 2021 To: All Participants Category: Tax Relief, Distributions From: International Services Attention: Operations, Reorg & Dividend Managers, Partners & Cashiers Tax Relief Country: Italy Security: Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A. CUSIPs: 46115HAU1 Subject: Record Date: 9/2/2021 Payable Date: 9/17/2021 CA Web Instruction Deadline: 9/16/2021 8:00 PM (E.T.) Participants can use DTC’s Corporate Actions Web (CA Web) service to certify all or a portion of their position entitled to the applicable withholding tax rate. Participants are urged to consult TaxInfo before certifying their instructions over CA Web. Important: Prior to certifying tax withholding instructions, participants are urged to read, understand and comply with the information in the Legal Conditions category found on TaxInfo over the CA Web. ***Please read this Important Notice fully to ensure that the self-certification document is sent to the agent by the indicated deadline*** Questions regarding this Important Notice may be directed to Acupay at +1 212-422-1222. Important Legal Information: The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) does not represent or warrant the accuracy, adequacy, timeliness, completeness or fitness for any particular purpose of the information contained in this communication, which is based in part on information obtained from third parties and not independently verified by DTC and which is provided as is. The information contained in this communication is not intended to be a substitute for obtaining tax advice from an appropriate professional advisor. In providing this communication, DTC shall not be liable for (1) any loss resulting directly or indirectly from mistakes, errors, omissions, interruptions, delays or defects in such communication, unless caused directly by gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of DTC, and (2) any special, consequential, exemplary, incidental or punitive damages.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2016
    Annual Report 2016 June 2017 Note of the Governor Note of the Governor 05/07/2017 The latest published figures related to economic growth over the first quarter of 2017 (2.1% in annual shift against 0.7% a year earlier) bode well for a positive inflection of economic activity, the expected confirmation of which for the rest of the year is mainly justified by a promising tourist season and resumption of production at a consolidated pace in the mining basin, recently fostered, moreover, by the IMF’s successful conclusion of the first review of the «Extended Fund Facility » programme, signed by the authorities in May 2016 and disbursement of the second tranche of the related financing. Yet, beyond the optimism that may be inspired by these premises, it has to be recognized that, obviously, after having successfully achieved a political transition which paved the way for the emergence of a burgeoning democracy, institution building and recognition of liberties, Tunisia continues, six years after the Revolution, to go through the same economic difficulties, even with more acuity. This delay in the long-awaited economic recovery originates, partly, from international and regional environments that are adverse on the whole, but mainly from internal factors, particularly political and social ones, that have always been destabilising. Economic transition seems, thus, to take longer time, while the world economy outlook has already posted tangible recovery signs boosted by the American economy, main driver of world growth, in favour of the expansionary budgetary policy advocated by the new administration. The expected renewed dynamism of the world’s leading economy will not miss out on giving impetus to its main partners’ economic activity, notably the European Union, our first trade partner, where recovery signs have already been perceptible in Germany and France.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Kirkpatrick, David D. "Moderate Islamist Party Heads Toward Victory in Tunisia."
    Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Kirkpatrick, David D. "Moderate Islamist Party Heads toward Victory in Tunisia." NY Times, ​ ​ New York Times, 24 Oct. 2011, www.nytimes.com/2011/10/25/world/africa/ennahda-moderate-islamic-party-makes-stro ng-showing-in-tunisia-vote.html. Accessed 8 Jan. 2020. This article was especially helpful for information about the results of Tunisia's election. It mentioned how the modern Islamic group is very proud that they managed to win control of a country using fair elections. This article is trustworthy because it was published by the New York Times, which is a mainstream source that has minimal bias. "Report: 338 Killed during Tunisia Revolution." AP News, 12 May 2012, ​ ​ apnews.com/f91b86df98c34fb3abedc3d2e8accbcf. Accessed 14 Feb. 2020. I used this source to find more specific numbers for the deaths and injuries that happened due to the Tunisian Arab Spring. This article was issued by AP News which is considered to have accurate news and minimal bias. Ritfai, Ryan. "Timeline: Tunisia's Uprising." Al-jazeera, 23 Jan. 2011, ​ ​ www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/tunisia/2011/01/201114142223827361.html. Accessed 14 Feb. 2020. I used this source to affirm descriptive details such as the exact dates for important events. Al-Jazeera published this article and is considered accurate, liable, and unbiased. Ryan, Yasmine. "The Tragic Life of a Street Vendor." Al-jazeera, ​ ​ www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/01/201111684242518839.html. Accessed 6 Ahmad 1 Feb. 2020. I used this source to find out if Ben Ali visited Bouazizi in the hospital. This article was published by Al-Jazeera which is a fact reporting and unbiased source.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Transition in Tunisia
    Political Transition in Tunisia Alexis Arieff Analyst in African Affairs April 15, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21666 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Political Transition in Tunisia Summary On January 14, 2011, President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali fled the country for Saudi Arabia following weeks of mounting anti-government protests. Tunisia’s mass popular uprising, dubbed the “Jasmine Revolution,” appears to have added momentum to anti-government and pro-reform sentiment in other countries across the region, and some policy makers view Tunisia as an important “test case” for democratic transitions elsewhere in the Middle East. Ben Ali’s departure was greeted by widespread euphoria within Tunisia. However, political instability, economic crisis, and insecurity are continuing challenges. On February 27, amid a resurgence in anti-government demonstrations, Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi (a holdover from Ben Ali’s administration) stepped down and was replaced by Béji Caïd Essebsi, an elder statesman from the administration of the late founding President Habib Bourguiba. On March 3, the interim government announced a new transition “road map” that would entail the election on July 24 of a “National Constituent Assembly.” The Assembly would, in turn, be charged with promulgating a new constitution ahead of expected presidential and parliamentary elections, which have not been scheduled. The protest movement has greeted the road map as a victory, but many questions remain concerning its implementation. Until January, Ben Ali and his Constitutional Democratic Rally (RCD) party exerted near-total control over parliament, state and local governments, and most political activity.
    [Show full text]
  • 1972 UN Yearbook
    870 Appendix III Indonesia,4 Ireland (First Vice-Chairman),4 Mexico,4 COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON THE TRANSPORT Netherlands,4 Pakistan,4 Sweden.4 OF DANGEROUS GOODS To serve until 31 December 1973: Australia,4 Federal Members (experts appointed by the following countries): Republic of Germany,4 France,4 Kenya,4 New Zealand,4 Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Peru (Second Vice-Chairman),4 United Kingdom,4 Norway, Poland, USSR, United Kingdom, United States. Uruguay.4 To serve until 31 December 1974: Canada,4 Denmark,4 The Committee held its seventh session from 27 No- Hungary,4 India,4 Togo,4 Trinidad and Tobago,4 Turkey vember to 8 December 1972 at Geneva, Switzerland. (Chairman),4 United States.4 Attending the session were: 4 Elected by the FAO Council. L. Andronov (USSR); T. Arnott (United States); R. * Elected by the Economic and Social Council. Baker (United States); Q. Banks (United States); A. Bernardi (Italy); W. Byrd, Chairman (United States); A. Chramov (USSR); A. Clark (United States); R. Freudenthal On 17 May 1972, the Economic and Social Council (Federal Republic of Germany); W. Fritze (Federal elected the following for a three-year term starting on Republic of Germany); H. Frost (Federal Republic of 1 January 1973 to fill vacancies occurring on 31 De- Germany); F. Gommel (Federal Republic of Germany); cember 1972: Japan, Norway, Pakistan, Sudan. R. Kaye (United States); H. Kemler (France); P. Lom- On 28 November 1972, the FAO Council elected the bard (France); R. de Mallmann (France); L. Médard following for a three-year term starting on 1 January (France); J.
    [Show full text]