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517X 123 Change in Diversity of Millipedes from 2014 to 2017

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517X 123 Change in Diversity of Millipedes from 2014 to 2017 I J R B A T, Vol. V, Special Issue (3), Nov-2017 ISSN 2347 – 517X INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES IN BIOSCIENCES, AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY © VISHWASHANTI MULTIPURPOSE SOCIETY (Global Peace Multipurpose Society) R. No. MH-659/13(N) www.vmsindia.org CHANGE IN DIVERSITY OF MILLIPEDES FROM 2014 TO 2017 ALONG THE NORTHERN AND WESTERN GHATS OF RAJGURUNAGAR, (M.S.) INDIA, (ARTHROPOD: DIPLOPOD) G. R. Borhade, P . P. Kamble, S. S. Patil and S. B. Patil Department of Zoology, Hutatma Rajguru Mahavidyalaya, Rajgurunagar, Pune University, (MH) India Abstract The Diplopods are commonly known as millipedes which mean “Thousand lege rs”, though it is a gross exaggeration. The millipedes are sluggish, timid and secretive creatures avoiding enemies and hiding in dark and damp places such as under stones, logs and barks, among decaying leaves or in moss or rotten wood. Current knowledge on the effects of climate, food quality and land cover on millipedes is reviewed. The different period was used to study of diversity of millipedes species. In present research concludes the diversity of millipede rich in part of Northern Weste rn Ghats of Rajgurunagar (M.S.) India. A total 8 species of millipedes belonging to order polydesmida and spirobolida, were recorded from tropical or agricultural landscape of Rajgurunagar. At the time of diversity study, Trigoniulus corallines and Orthomorphase were observed more than other millipede species, which supports the environmental determinism condition. Keywords:- Diplopod, Northe rn Western Ghats, Millipede diversity from year 2014 to2017 Introduction protection from e nemies millipedes mostly leave The Diplopods are gene rally known as at dark and damp places. Such as under the millipede. The millipedes are wide ly distributed in stone logs and bark of tree also rotting leaves all ove r world. The environmental changes mosses and rotten wood. commonly affect on the millipedes mainly high Material and Methods tempe rature. It also biological indicator, it shows The study was carried out during the all variation in environment and climatic condition seasons in the year 2013 to 2017. In monsoon (Brunner H 2001). The millipedes are se asonal seasons green forest and grassland regene ration arthropods, it commonly found in rainy season is very low. We are selected three locations from and rarely found in summe r season, because given area of different altitude . Done the survey fluctuation in tempe rature are affect on of Northern Western Ghats and observe millipede. (Ashwini KM ,Shridhar KR,2006). occurrence of different species of millipedes. The millipedes are belongs to phylum Then millipe des are collected for photography by Arthropoda, and class Diplopods. Millipedes are hand picking me thod and identify the species classified into 16 orders and 145 families (Shelley using field guide r and standard literature and R.M.2007, Sierwald p.2001). The eighty Wikipedia site. At e very sampling time noted the thousands species are estimated in that twenty air, soil tempe rature at 10 cm above depth of land thousand species are distributed in world. The using thermometer. Standard methods we re used millipedes are directly or indirectly economically for the richness and eve nness of millipede species important to human being. at different altitude . In India there are about se ven zone of Results and Discussion biodiversity are recommended as hot spot. The In present study total 5 numbers of Northern Western Ghats is one of the regions in species belongs 5 gene ra were recorded from this hot spot zone of biodive rsity. (Myers Rajgurunagar. At the Northe rn western Ghats of N.,Mittermeie r A,2000). In the Northern Western Rajgurunagar in which order polydesmida Ghat, many exotic species are need to research belongs to four species and order spirobolida for its conservation. The Northe rn We stern Ghats belongs to one species were recorded. are deciduous and tropical moist forest, which At Northern Western Ghats of environment is suitable to millipede, that’s the Rajgurunagar millipede fauna was not well reason to study the millipede in given known. The following spe cies under two orders of environment. millipede we re ide ntified from the study area. The millipedes me an thousand lege rs. 1] Order –Polydesmida. The millipedes are sluggish limed and secretive It is the largest order of millipede. The creature. It move slowly because of its short le gs, order polydesmida are the flat backed millipedes, these help to push soil. The millipede body is with fused sclerites. These millipedes generally divided in to three parts head, thorax and have 20 segments as about 2700 species abdomen. In which the re are first three at recorded in there order. thoracic region and one pair at abdomen. The GOPAL KRISHNA GOKHALE COLLEGE, KOLHAPUR 123 ICIRST-2017 I J R B A T, Vol. V, Special Issue (3), Nov-2017 ISSN 2347 – 517X Under these orde r we are recorded 4 segment of the male are modified into gonopods. species. The spirobolids are generally tropical species, a) Apheloria virginiesis – It is common millipede some of which are very brightly coloured (Lewis, species. It is also called the black and gold flat 1984). From given order we are recorded only one millipede. There millipe de is identifie d by its species. flattened look and black body with orange and a)Trigoniulus corallines (gervais,1847)-It is also yellow spots or highlights, with medium sized called rusty millipede. These millipede are antenna. It is commonly found at le af litter. medium to la rge in size, brick red in color, mostly b)Orthomorpha coarctata (Saussure,1860)- It it is found in botanical gardens found in bunch. is also called Asiomorpha coarctata. The male are From the give n study area the Harpaphe 14.5 to 20.5mm in length and female are 16.5 to haydeniana and Orthomorpha coarctata these 27.5 mm in size . Middle body is segmented, with two species are abundance in given ecosystem longe r gonopods. .The millipede species reported from the Northern c) Harpaphe haydeniana (Wood,1964) –The re Western Ghats, total 5 species which were species also in orde r polydesmida and family present in se lected area . In that the 4 species are xystodesmidae. There millipede is black colored, already introduced in 2013 (C.R.Choudhri and with yellow spots at both sides of the body.The S.V.The urkar, 2013) and one species is not le ngth of the millipede is 5 cm, with 15-20 body introduced. segments. The millipede species are active at d)Oxidus gracilis (Koch,1847) –It is in order morning in rainy season. It is mostly present at polydesmida belongs to family wet landscape. The millipedes are good paradoxosomatidae . There millipede is brown in decompose rs especially in forest e cosystem in color with faint yellow patches on body, the montane areas. (Aldgasam and Ramanathan, le ngth of these animal is 4-5 cm in long with 15- 2013). The re is an urgent need for intensive 20 se gments. inve ntorying and monitoring of millipede in 2] Order-Spirobolida . different habitats especially in the Northern It is also included in class Diplopoda Ghats (M.S.) India in order to promote the (millipede). The spirobolids are gene rally tropical conse rvation of diversity of millipede . species. Both pairs of legs on the se venth Milipede species Order Family Genus Trigoniulus Corallines Spirobolida Trigoniulidae Trigoniulas Apheloria virginiesis Polydesmida Xystodesmidae Apheloria Orthomorpha coarctata Polydesmida Paradoxosomatidae Orthornorpha Harpaphe haydeniana Polydesmida Xystodesmidae Harpaphe Oxidus gracilis Polydesmida Paradoxosomatidae Oxidus Figure 1 - Apheloria virginiesis Figure 2 -Harpaphe Figure 3 - Trigoniulus haydeniana coralline s GOPAL KRISHNA GOKHALE COLLEGE, KOLHAPUR 124 ICIRST-2017 I J R B A T, Vol. V, Special Issue (3), Nov-2017 ISSN 2347 – 517X Figure 4 - Orthomorpha coarctata Figure 5 - Oxidus gracilis Conclusions melanueus, Boiga trigonata Coluber gracilis and Most of the species are abundant at Coronella brachyuran in western region of Khed rainy season than summer and winter season, Tahsil. International Journal of Recent Sciences 2013;2(ISC-2012):24-25 it is depends on arability of food. These investigated that the effect of seasonal Kadamannyar BS, Shridhar KR. Diurnal fluctuation on dive rsity of millipe de. Millipede pe riodicity of three endemic species of pill need to conserve from the given area of hot spot Millipedes (Arthrosphaera) in Western Ghats, India. Tropical and Subtropical and increase their species richness. Agroecosystems2009; 10:505-513. References Alagesab P. Ramanathan B. Diversity of Mauriès, J.-P. (1988): Un diplopode cave rnicole millipedes in Algar Hills Rese rve Forest in Tamil cryophile relictue l du karst d’altitude des Nadu, India. International Journal of Pyrénéescentrales: Marboreuma bronquissein. Biodiversity, 2013, 1-5. ID 715460 g., n. sp. Craspedosomida, Cleidogonoidea). – Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire naturelle de Ashwini KM, Shridhar KR, Se asonal abundance Toulouse 124: 29–34. and activity of pill millipedes ( Arthrosphaera magna ) in plantation and semi-evergreen forest Mye rs N. Mitterme ier A, da Fonseca CG, Kent J. of southern India. Acta Oecologica 2006:29:27- Biodiversity hotspots for conse rvation 32 prioritie s. Nature 2000:403:853-858 Ehrlich PR, Ehrlich AH. The value of Schubart, O. (1945) Os Proterospermophora do biodive rsity. Ambio1992; 21:219-226. Distrito Federal (Myriapoda, Diplopoda). – Arquivos do Museu Nacional Rio de Janeiro 38: Gervais p. 1847. — Histoire naturelle des 1–156. insectes aptères, myriapodes, in wALCKENAER C. A. & gravis P., His toire naturelle des insects Theurkar SV, Patil SB, Ghadage MK, Zaware YB aptères. Tome quatriè me. Librairie and Madan SS. Distribution of Abundance of encyclopédique de roret, Paris: 1-333. white grubs (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) in Khed Taluka, Part of Northen Western Ghats, MS, Ghatage MK. Theurkar SV Madan SS, Bhor GL India.
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