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6.1. Ancistrus Cf. Triradiatus

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6.1. Ancistrus Cf. Triradiatus Universiteit Gent Evolutionary Faculteit Wetenschappen Morphology of Vakgroep Biologie Vertebrates Ontogeny and functional morphology of a highly specialized trophic apparatus: A case study of neotropical suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae, Siluriformes) I – Text Tom Geerinckx Thesis submitted to obtain the degree of Academiejaar 2006-2007 Doctor in Sciences (Biology) Proefschrift voorgedragen tot het bekomen Rector: Prof. Dr. Paul Van Cauwenberge van de graad van Doctor in de Decaan: Prof. Dr. Herwig Dejonghe Wetenschappen (Biologie) Promotor: Prof. Dr. Dominique Adriaens EXAMENCOMMISSIE Prof. Dr. Wim Vyverman (Universiteit Gent, voorzitter) Prof. Dr. Dominique Adriaens (Universiteit Gent, promotor)* Dr. John P. Friel (Cornell University, USA)* Dr. Anthony Herrel (Universiteit Antwerpen)* Prof. Dr. Ann Huysseune (Universiteit Gent) Prof. Dr. Walter Verraes (Universiteit Gent) Prof. Dr. Wim Van den Broeck (Universiteit Gent) * leescommisie DANKWOORD Van de mensen die ik wil bedanken voor hun hulp, steun of welke bijdrage dan ook die deze doctoraatsthesis positief beïnvloed heeft, komt mijn promotor, Prof. Dr. Dominique Adriaens, vanzelfsprekend op de eerste plaats. Na mijn licentiaatsthesis, toen hij mijn begeleider was, en na een jaartje andere leuke bezigheden op de universiteit, kwam ik met veel plezier en vertrouwen weer ‘onder zijn hoede’. Al wie Dominique reeds als begeleider of promotor gehad heeft zal het kunnen beamen: proffen met zo’n kennis van zaken, en mensen met zulke gedrevenheid, vind je zelden. Uit zijn ervaring en enthousiasme heb ik gretig en dankbaar geput. Het fijne gezelschap van vrienden en mede-doctoraatsstudenten Stijn Devaere, Natalie De Schepper, Frank Huysentruyt, Paul Van Daele en Soheil Eagderi heeft de vier jaren die ik tijdens het werk op “‘t labo” heb doorgebracht aangenaam gekleurd. De eerste drie in dit lijstje hebben bovendien de twijfelachtige eer gehad mijn lokaalgenoten te zijn. Iets wat vele interessante, leuke, en bij momenten zelfs gezellige taferelen opleverde. Niet minder cruciaal voor dit doctoraat waren het discussiëren en palaveren met Frank over alle mogelijke raakpunten van onze beide projecten, het gretig afnemen van Franks en Natalie’s kennis in de 3D-reconstructie- programma’s, en het met z’n allen zoeken naar dat ene Engelse woord. Aan het werk en de inzet van Marleen Brunain heb ik zeer veel gehad. Ze heeft duizenden en duizenden coupes gemaakt, zowel voor mezelf als voor mijn thesisstudenten. Ik kan haar niet genoeg bedanken voor haar inzet en betrokkenheid in het wetenschappelijk werk. Danku!!! Barbara De Kegel sneed met plezier o.m. de paraffine-coupes van alle rare weefsels die men zoal in katvissen terugvindt. Praktisch werk, praktische vragen, zonder hen was ik nu nog steeds op zoek geweest naar een of ander potteke of protocol, of het knopje om de histokinette te doen stoppen met piepen. Hetgeen ik nu kan qua histologisch werk in de praktijk, hebben Barbara en Marleen me allemaal aangeleerd. De gelegenheid om de high-speed video-apparatuur van het Labo voor Functionele Morfologie (UA) te gebruiken, was een zegen voor dit onderzoek. Met uiteraard zeer veel dank aan Prof. Dr. Peter Aerts en Dr. Anthony Herrel. Het biomechanisch onderzoek, weliswaar geen deel van dit doctoraat zelf, had niet kunnen gebeuren zonder het enthousiasme van Anthony. De vele uren gespendeerd aan het fanatieke vis-kijken krijgen nog een staartje, dat hoop ik zo! Mijn dank gaat ook uit naar de assistentie door Jeannine Fret, en de hulp van Sam Van Wassenbergh. Rita Van Driessche en, gedurende het laatste jaar, Marjolein Couvreur, hebben prachtig werk geleverd tijdens de regelmatige fotosessies aan de scanning electronen microscoop. Verschillende ‘details’, door mij over het hoofd gezien, maar door Rita’s scherpe blik ontdekt, zijn nadien zeer waardevol en relevant gebleken. Dankjewel! Prof. Dr. Walter Verraes en wijlen Prof. Dr. Guy Teugels verdienen een bijzonder woord van dank. Het zijn immers zij die me voor het eerst hebben laten kennis maken met de toch wel boeiende en vooral gevarieerde wereld van de ichthyologie. Gedurende deze vier jaren kregen we het afwisselende gezelschap van thesisstudenten die niet vies waren van een visje (of muisje) meer of minder. Vele verschillende persoonlijkheden, wiens stimuli op het onderzoek en het labo, en ja soms zelfs zeer geestige kantjes ik niet vergeten ben: o.m. Kim Nijs, Dré Maes, Kevin Lambeets, Gunther Jansen, Natalie Dirckx, Tine Debrauwere, Yves Verhaegen, Joni De Puysseleir, Heleen Leysen, Celine Ide, Eva Bequé, Evelien Meijfroidt, Marjolein Peys en Sara Laceur. In het bijzonder denk ik aan Kim, Dré en Joni, wiens thesis- belevenissen ik van dichtbij heb meegemaakt. Met name het ‘roze boekje’ van Kim over Otocinclus en het al even fraaie (weliswaar niet roze) werk van Dré over Farlowella, en zo mogelijk nog meer de vele babbels over die o zo toffe Loricariidae zijn enorm constructief en stimulerend geweest voor m’n eigen werk. De besprekingen met Prof. Dr. Ann Huysseune over, in het bijzonder, deel zeven van deze thesis (tandjes!), zijn zeer zinvol geweest. Zo zijn weer enkele misvattingen en onzekerheden de wereld (met name de mijne) uit geholpen. Dankjewel hiervoor! Yves Verhaegen en Joris De Poorter bedank ik voor het noeste labeur dat zij leverden tijdens hun zelfstandig practicum over ontogenetische vormveranderiningen en schraapstructuren bij Loricariidae: hun resultaten en ideeën hebben volop weerklank gevonden in dit werk. Het enthousiasme en de ijver (niet gelogen!) van Annelies Genbrugge en Karen Bekaert tijdens hun zelfstandig practicum over het gruwelijke wapenarsenaal van katvissen was fenomenaal, en de resultaten idem dito; ik wens hen een mooi thesisjaar toe! (En ik vergeef het hen dat ze overgestapt zijn op de toch wel schattigere zeepaardjes en aanverwanten.) Wat dit minder lieve kantje van de Zuid-Amerikaanse katvissen betreft, heb ik overigens inspiratie en vergelijkingsmateriaal gevonden in de thesis van Diederik Maebe. Je remercie Dr. Sonia Fisch-Muller, qui a exécuté une tâche bien importante: évaluer l’identité de l’espèce d’Ancistrus employée dans cette thèse, sans pouvoir savoir l’origine des spécimens. Ancistrus reste toujours un des genres les plus nombreux et complexes des Loricariidae. Dit onderzoek is slechts kunnen gebeuren dankzij een doctoraatsbeurs van het Vlaams Instituut voor de Bevordering van het Wetenschappelijk-Technologisch Onderzoek in de Industrie (IWT). Financiële steun van het Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen (FWO) is het doctoraatsproject ook zeer ten goede gekomen. De sfeer van de omgeving waarin ik vier jaar gewerkt heb werd voor een groot deel bepaald door al de medewerkers van Prof. Dr. Dominique Adriaens, Prof. Dr. Ann Huysseune en Prof. Dr. Gaetan Borgonie, gezellig samenlevend op de derde verdieping van de Ledeganck. Wie zeker nog met naam vermeld moeten worden zijn Joachim Christiaens en Hilde Van Wynsberge, voor de hulp bij voornamelijk praktische zaken. Een apart paragraafje wijd ik aan de ex-biologie-klasgenootjes die ik maar blijf tegen het lijf lopen: Dirk, Wouter, Maarten, Annelies, Bob, Wi(e)m, Jan, Tjörven, Liesbeth, Imke, enzovoort. Aan dit lijstje voeg ik ook zeker Catherine, Karen, Wim, David en de Gentse Universitaire Duikers toe. Waarom dit apart paragraafje? Voor de onvoorwaardelijke steun, of het onvoorwaardelijk maar goedbedoelde ontbreken daarvan, voor het lachen met vissen, het eten van vissen, het samen zoeken naar vissen in de Oosterschelde, het vergelijken van vissen met nematoden (1-0!), het plannen van zes zalige maanden in het verre Azië (nu toch wel zeer dichtbij…), het doen van vele leuke dingen die hoegenaamd niets met vissen te maken hebben. Tenslotte gaat een warm woord van dank uit naar mijn ouders, die me toch maar mooi de kans gegeven hebben om de biologie-studie te voltooien. En een al even warm woord van dank bovendien, aan hen en aan mijn broer en zus, voor hun vriendschap, respect en begrip voor die jongen met zijn vissen. Tom Gent, 24 november 2006 Een rode draad doorheen dit werk, soms sluimerend op de achtergrond, soms de ware drijfveer van het onderzoek, was de verwondering. Oprechte blije verwondering over hoe energiek jong leven ontwikkelt en groeit, hoe subliem het leven zich aanpast, en wat een belevenis het is dit alles te bestuderen. TABLE OF CONTENTS i TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 — GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1. General context and aims ................................................................................... 1 1.1.1. General frame............................................................................................. 1 1.1.2. Introduction ................................................................................................ 2 1.1.3. Aims ........................................................................................................... 4 1.2. The suckermouth armoured catfishes............................................................... 7 1.2.1. Ostariophysi ............................................................................................... 7 1.2.2. Siluriformes................................................................................................ 7 1.2.3. Loricarioidea .............................................................................................. 9 1.2.4. Loricariidae .............................................................................................. 11 PART 2 — MATERIAL AND METHODS 2.1. Material.............................................................................................................
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