DOCSLIB.ORG

Identity Construction in the British-New Zealand Imperial Diaspora by Lilja Mareike

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Identity Construction in the British-New Zealand Imperial Diaspora by Lilja Mareike ‘I CAN TELL YOU THIS IS A FINE COUNTRY’: IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION IN THE BRITISH-NEW ZEALAND IMPERIAL DIASPORA BY LILJA MAREIKE SAUTTER A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington (2013) 1 Abstract This thesis uses diaspora theory to analyse late-nineteenth-century texts written by women in New Zealand. The texts include a number of novels as well as non-fictional journals and memoirs. Robin Cohen‟s definition of diaspora provides a framework for understanding the British settler community in New Zealand as an imperial diaspora. My approach modifies Cohen‟s framework by also employing constructivist theories of diaspora, in particular by Stuart Hall, Paul Gilroy and James Clifford. These theorists see identity as continuously produced within representation and diaspora as furthering cultural crossover and hybrid identities. This view of the British diaspora reveals fissures within the teleological ideology of the nation-state, which underlies imperialism. Rather than focusing on a binary of imperial centre and colonial periphery, I understand the diasporic community in New Zealand as part of an international network in which mobility and a shared print culture provided manifold connections. The main research question asks how the texts participate in the construction of identity in the diasporic community in New Zealand and how they situate themselves within a wider context of diasporic print culture. It focuses both on the identity of women within the community and on the significance of notions of women‟s role, femininity and women‟s writing for the identity production of the community as a whole. The three sections, „Journey‟, „Settling‟ and „Community‟, trace the diaspora‟s narrative production of its collective identity through time and space. They consider the diaspora‟s textual imagining of its journey to New Zealand, its project of settling there, and its building of a distinct community. It emerges that the texts usually attempt to reconcile a number of contradictions and conflicting discourses, at the basis of which lies a fundamental tension between the diaspora‟s dispersal from the homeland and its need to produce a collective identity. This tension leads to an underlying instability within the texts and frequently causes them to deconstruct their own ostensible ideologies. However, at the same time the texts offer a number of powerful ideas and narratives which allow the diaspora to create a complex but meaningful collective identity. 2 3 Acknowledgements First, big thanks to my supervisors Jane Stafford and Mark Williams, who have been very supportive. It was when I found their book Maoriland in a library in Germany that I had the idea of writing this thesis, and without Jane‟s help I might not have made it over here. Their support and feedback on my work have been valuable over the last three years. The postgraduate community and everyone else at SEFTMS made me feel very welcome and I appreciate that I was given an office with such a beautiful view. Heidi Thomson did great work as postgraduate coordinator and the many events she organised helped me settle in when I first arrived. Sabine Schülting and the participants of her research seminar in Berlin helped me develop an initial research proposal and supported me in my plan to go to New Zealand. Kate Williman, Naomi Shulman, Daniel Herbstreit and Craig Johnson provided a lot of help by proofreading drafts of my research proposal and my thesis. Many thanks to the staff at the Alexander Turnbull Library, who always did their best to help me navigate my way through stacks of old manuscripts. I would not have been able to do this without the financial support of a Victoria PhD Scholarship. Thanks also go to everyone at Disability Services for the work experience over the last year that has allowed me to meet fascinating people and work in such a rewarding environment. My parents, my sister Nelly, the rest of my big family, and my friends both here and in Europe have supported me in ways too numerous to mention. I thank everyone associated with the Mother Flat for being awesome, and most of all I thank Craig for coming such a long way to be with me. 4 5 Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................1 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................3 Contents ..................................................................................................................................5 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................9 Diaspora Studies ................................................................................................................... 11 Cohen‟s Notion of Diaspora............................................................................................... 11 Diaspora and Identity Production ....................................................................................... 13 Imperial Diaspora: a Contradiction? .................................................................................. 16 Decentring the Settler Empire ............................................................................................ 18 Selection of Texts .................................................................................................................. 22 Time Frame: Mid-1870s to 1914 ....................................................................................... 22 Gender .............................................................................................................................. 22 Fiction and Non-Fiction ..................................................................................................... 25 Literature Review .................................................................................................................. 28 Outline .................................................................................................................................. 30 Section I: Journey ................................................................................................................... 35 The Voyage as Link and Separation ................................................................................... 36 The Ambiguity of a „Position of Enunciation‟ on Board Ship ............................................. 37 Part 1: Non-Fiction.................................................................................................................... 39 1 Routes and Histories: Shipboard Diaries ......................................................................... 39 1.1 Writing Space and Time........................................................................................... 39 1.2 Journey and Empire ................................................................................................. 46 Part 2: Fiction ........................................................................................................................... 53 2 Negotiating Distance: Over the Hills, and Far Away ....................................................... 53 Conclusion to Section I ......................................................................................................... 62 6 Section II: Settling ................................................................................................................... 63 „Home‟: Homeland and Hostland ...................................................................................... 63 The Host Society ............................................................................................................... 66 Women Settlers ................................................................................................................. 68 Part 1: Non-Fiction.................................................................................................................... 71 3 Land and Text: The Journals of Ann Jackson and Alice McKenzie .................................. 71 3.1 The Transformation of the Hostland......................................................................... 71 3.1.1 The Beautiful and the Useful ....................................................................... 71 3.1.2 Land as Agricultural Space .......................................................................... 75 3.2 Landscape and Textual Space .................................................................................. 77 3.2.1 Writing the Sublime: Journal of Conscience ................................................ 77 3.2.2 Shared Texts ................................................................................................ 82 4 The Ideal Peach: Mary Rolleston‟s Travel Writing .......................................................... 85 4.1 Gardens: Cultivating and Civilising the Land........................................................... 86 4.2 Imperialist Tropes: Describing the Host Society ...................................................... 90 4.3 Contested Territory .................................................................................................. 93 5 Constructing the Pioneer Days: Memoirs ........................................................................ 97 Part 2: Fiction
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Maltese Immigrants in Detroit and Toronto, 1919-1960
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2018 Britishers in Two Worlds: Maltese Immigrants in Detroit and Toronto, 1919-1960 Marc Anthony Sanko Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Sanko, Marc Anthony, "Britishers in Two Worlds: Maltese Immigrants in Detroit and Toronto, 1919-1960" (2018). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 6565. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/6565 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Britishers in Two Worlds: Maltese Immigrants in Detroit and Toronto, 1919-1960 Marc Anthony Sanko Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Kenneth Fones-Wolf, Ph.D., Chair James Siekmeier, Ph.D. Joseph Hodge, Ph.D. Melissa Bingmann, Ph.D. Mary Durfee, Ph.D. Department of History Morgantown, West Virginia 2018 Keywords: Immigration History, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • A. James Hammerton, Migrants of the British Diaspora Since the 1960S
    Zitierhinweis Ruiz, Marie: Rezension über: A. James Hammerton, Migrants of the British Diaspora Since the 1960s. Stories From Modern Nomads, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2017, in: Reviews in History, 2018, August, DOI: 10.14296/RiH/2014/2275, heruntergeladen über recensio.net First published: http://https://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/review/2275 copyright Dieser Beitrag kann vom Nutzer zu eigenen nicht-kommerziellen Zwecken heruntergeladen und/oder ausgedruckt werden. Darüber hinaus gehende Nutzungen sind ohne weitere Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber nur im Rahmen der gesetzlichen Schrankenbestimmungen (§§ 44a-63a UrhG) zulässig. After Emigrant gentlewomen: Genteel poverty and female emigration, 1830-1914, Cruelty and Companionship: Conflict in Nineteenth Century Married Life , and Ten Pound Poms: A life history of British postwar emigration to Australia with Alistair Thomson, A. James Hammerton revisits post-war Britain’s diaspora through the prism of oral history in Migrants of the British Diaspora since the 1960s: Stories from Modern Nomads. This focus on oral history was also present in Speaking to Immigrants: Oral Testimony and the History of Australian Immigration, edited with Eric Richards in 2002.(1) The British diaspora is still one of the largest in the world with about 6.5 per cent of its population living overseas in according to figures from 2010–11, the result of decades of continuing settlement abroad rather than a recent development. Hammerton thus offers a compelling and highly timely study of what he terms the ‘modern drive to emigrate’. His book includes a wide variety of themes that have left an imprint on British society and marked the post-war period, such as the ethnic relations with the Windrush generation, the swinging sixties, and decolonization, among others.
    [Show full text]
  • Migration in Britain
    MIGRATION IN BRITAIN: WhAT ARe OuR CulTuRAl IdeNTITIes? This learning resource for teachers and students of Secondary Art and A Level Art focuses on a selection of portraits from the Collection of the National Portrait Gallery, London. The resource could also be relevant for those studying Art History, History and Citizenship. Camila Batmanghelidjh by Dean Marsh oil on plywood panel, 2008 NPG 6845 2/32 MIGRATION IN BRITAIN ABOuT ThIs ResOuRCe This resource tackles the question of what British cultural identities can mean and how people who constitute that sector of our society have and do contribute to it in a variety of different ways. This resource relates to another resource in on our website entitled Image and Identity. See: www. npg.org.uk/learning Each portrait is viewed and examined in a number of different ways with discussion questions and factual information relating directly to the works. The material in this resource can be used in the classroom or in conjunction with a visit to the Gallery. Students will learn about British culture through the ideas, methods and approaches used by portrait artists and their sitters over the last four hundred years. The contextual information provides background material that can be fed into the students' work as required. The guided discussion gives questions for the teacher to ask a group or class, it may be necessary to pose further questions around what culture can mean today to help explore and develop ideas more fully. Students should have the opportunity to pose their own questions, too. Each section contains the following: an introduction to each portrait, definitions, key words, questions and two art projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Canadianism, Anglo-Canadian Identities and the Crisis of Britishness, 1964-1968
    Nova Britannia Revisited: Canadianism, Anglo-Canadian Identities and the Crisis of Britishness, 1964-1968 C. P. Champion Department of History McGill University, Montreal A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History February 2007 © Christian Paul Champion, 2007 Table of Contents Dedication ……………………………….……….………………..………….…..2 Abstract / Résumé ………….……..……….……….…….…...……..………..….3 Acknowledgements……………………….….……………...………..….…..……5 Obiter Dicta….……………………………………….………..…..…..….……….6 Introduction …………………………………………….………..…...…..….….. 7 Chapter 1 Canadianism and Britishness in the Historiography..….…..………….33 Chapter 2 The Challenge of Anglo-Canadian ethnicity …..……..…….……….. 62 Chapter 3 Multiple Identities, Britishness, and Anglo-Canadianism ……….… 109 Chapter 4 Religion and War in Anglo-Canadian Identity Formation..…..……. 139 Chapter 5 The celebrated rite-de-passage at Oxford University …….…...…… 171 Chapter 6 The courtship and apprenticeship of non-Wasp ethnic groups….….. 202 Chapter 7 The “Canadian flag” debate of 1964-65………………………..…… 243 Chapter 8 Unification of the Canadian armed forces in 1966-68……..….……. 291 Conclusions: Diversity and continuity……..…………………………….…….. 335 Bibliography …………………………………………………………….………347 Index……………………………………………………………………………...384 1 For Helena-Maria, Crispin, and Philippa 2 Abstract The confrontation with Britishness in Canada in the mid-1960s is being revisited by scholars as a turning point in how the Canadian state was imagined and constructed. During what the present thesis calls the “crisis of Britishness” from 1964 to 1968, the British character of Canada was redefined and Britishness portrayed as something foreign or “other.” This post-British conception of Canada has been buttressed by historians depicting the British connection as a colonial hangover, an externally-derived, narrowly ethnic, nostalgic, or retardant force. However, Britishness, as a unique amalgam of hybrid identities in the Canadian context, in fact took on new and multiple meanings.
    [Show full text]
  • We're All Going on a Summer Holiday
    IN BRIEF EUROPE We’re all going on a summer holiday - FOREVER When the Brits talk about migration they usually mean ‘Jolly Foreigner’ going to dear old Blighty and taking their jobs and housing. Not many talk about the steady stream of Brits heading out of the jolly – radosny foreigner – obcokrajowiec country. But with 2000 UK citizens Blightly – slangowo: Anglia steady – stały, ciągły leaving every week, the exodus to head – kierować się citizen – obywatel is beginning to raise questions. to raise - tu: nasuwać Business English Magazine’s U mp3 editor, Ed Wight, takes a closer FOT. LE MOAL OLIVIER LE MOAL FOT. look. 6 BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE BUSINESS ENGLISH MAGAZINE 7 EUROPEPE EUROPE ast year, nearly 200,000 In addition, those surveyed cited British people le� the UK the high cost of living in Britain and with no plans of returning, expensive housing as other reasons. L and 5.5 million now live abroad permanently. On top of The report does argue that most that, 58 million people outside émigrés leave not because of some the country claim British ancestry, deep-rooted resentment against making the British diaspora the Blighty, but because a life abroad third largest in the world, behind with higher standard of living and only India’s and China’s. Britain a nicer climate sounds be� er. But, has more people living abroad than this is just a polite way of saying that almost any other country. Brits are fed up with scrimping and saving in chilly, damp Britain. According to research from the Institute for Public Policy Research And who can blame them? Real (IPPR), the number of Brits looking disposable income barely rose to escape Shakespeare’s ‘sceptred between 2003 and 2005, and the isle’ is set to increase.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Britons: Understanding the Unique British Communities in Brussels and Washington DC
    Global Britons 1 Global Britons Global Britons: Understanding the unique British communities in Brussels and Washington DC By Adam Hug, Andra-Lucia Martinescu and Poppy Ogier The Foreign Policy Centre April 2021 2 Global Britons Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 4 Introduction: Understanding the unique British communities in Brussels and Washington DC ........ 5 By Adam Hug and Poppy Ogier A comparative study of Diaspora engagement infrastructure: Ireland, Italy and France ................. 21 By Andra-Lucia Martinescu Conclusion: Share challenges for British communities abroad .......................................................... 32 By Adam Hug Appendix One: Diaspora governance and key institutions in the UK ................................................ 38 Appendix Two: Diaspora engagement and the Integrated Review.................................................... 39 By Andra-Lucia Martinescu Appendix Three: Country comparisons on diaspora engagement ..................................................... 46 By Andra-Lucia Martinescu Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................. 48 3 Global Britons Executive Summary This report focuses on two unusual but strategically important British communities overseas. It builds on the findings of 252 survey responses, interviews, a focus group and research to give a detailed
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of Feeling English: American
    1 DIASPORA AND EMPIRE T THE RISK of stating the obvious, let me begin by asserting that any A discussion of American literature will at some point have to address the questions of how soon and in what respects British Americans began to think of themselves as American rather than British. Instead of assuming that different national governments mean different national literatures, I come to this problem from the contrary perspective: that the separation of American from British literatures is still at issue and was therefore noth­ ing like the clean break that we tend to project backward onto the late eighteenth century.1 I plan to look at a wide body of Anglophone literature from the late seventeenth, eighteenth, and early nineteenth centuries for the purpose of discovering when it began to divide internally into recogniz­ able British and American traditions. With this material, I move back and forth across the Atlantic, explaining how the American tradition defined itself in an ongoing and yet changing relation to the British. In this respect, my project participates in the growing body of scholarship concerned with transatlantic literary relations.2 My argument begins with the proposition that during the period from 1750–1850 American authors and readers were more interested in produc­ ing and consuming English literature than in creating, to borrow Elaine Showalter’s phrase, “a literature of their own.”3 The literary evidence in­ deed suggests that during this period, most writers and readers in America considered themselves to be members of the generic English culture that we generally mean by “British culture,” and they thought of their literature as products of such a culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Welsh Diaspora Entrepreneurship Project Findings
    Global Welsh Diaspora Entrepreneurship Project Findings June 2015 - Walter May Project Sponsors Welsh Government xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 3 BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................................... 6 OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................ 6 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 6 JOBS AND WEALTH CREATION ............................................................................................. 9 DIASPORA ENTREPRENEURS AND BUSINESS LEADERS ........................................... 10 EVALUATING A DIASPORA PROGRAMME........................................................................... 11 THERE ARE A NUMBER OF IMPORTANT ISSUES IN APPROACHING THIS EVALUATION: ... 11 IT IS INNOVATIVE, SO TRADITIONAL MEASUREMENT MODELS DO NOT READILY COVER THE FULL EXTENT OF THE VALUE THAT GLOBALSCOT CREATES ......................... 11 THERE MAY BE A CONSIDERABLE TIMING LAG BEFORE AN ATTRIBUTABLE OUTPUT FROM A GLOBALSCOT TRANSACTION CAN BE OBSERVED ................................................. 11 IT HAS SUBSTANTIAL QUALITATIVE, AS WELL AS QUANTITATIVE, IMPACTS ........... 11 THE OUTPUTS RELY SIGNIFICANTLY
    [Show full text]
  • What Development Means to Diaspora Communities
    What Development Means to Diaspora Communities November 2015 2015 our world European Year our dignity for Development our future About Bond Bond is the UK membership body for over 450 organisations working in international development, ranging from large agencies with a world-wide presence, to community and specialist organisations. We work to influence governments and policymakers, develop the skills of people in the sector, build organisational capacity and effectiveness, and provide opportunities to exchange information, knowledge and expertise. Acknowledgements This report was authored by Gabriela Flores and Alveena Malik and co- financed by the European Union as part of the European Year for Development. The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of Bond and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. Gabriela Flores is the director of Celeste Communications and Strategy and a strategic communications specialist with 18 years of experience in the international development sector. Alveena Malik is the director of Affiniti Limited and a public policy specialist who has worked with diaspora communities in Britain for over 15 years. The authors would like to thank Ellie Kennedy for her continued support, ideas and feedback, and Lotte Good and Tom Baker for comments that helped improve earlier drafts. The authors would also like to express their gratitude to the 28 individuals from diaspora communities who generously shared their time and their views about what development means to them, and to the 18 experts and practitioners interviewed for this study whose input was invaluable. The European Year for Development is the first ever European Year to deal with the European Union’s external action and Europe’s role in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Canada and the British World
    Canada and the British World Edited by Phillip Buckner and R. Douglas Francis Canada and the British World: Culture, Migration, and Identity © UBC Press 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher, or, in Canada, in the case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, a licence from Access Copyright (Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency), www.accesscopyright.ca. 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in Canada on ancient-forest-free paper (100% post-consumer recycled) that is processed chlorine- and acid-free, with vegetable-based inks. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Canada and the British world : culture, migration, and identity / edited by Phillip Buckner and R. Douglas Francis. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-7748-1305-1 ISBN-10: 0-7748-1305-9 1. Nationalism – Canada – History. 2. Canada – History – 19th century. 3. Canada – History – 20th century. 4. Canada – Relations – Great Britain. 5. Great Britain – Relations – Canada. I. Buckner, Phillip A. (Phillip Alfred), 1942- II. Francis, R. D. (R. Douglas), 1944- III. Title. FC246.N37C35 2006 971.05 C2006-903287-4 UBC Press gratefully acknowledges the financial support for our publishing program of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP), and of the Canada Council for the Arts, and the British Columbia Arts Council. This book has been published with the help of grants from the Institute of Commonwealth Studies and from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Aid to Scholarly Publications Programme, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • The Forgotten Diaspora I Was Born in Jamaica in 1940, the Largest British Island in the Caribbean
    February 2008 The Forgotten Diaspora I was born in Jamaica in 1940, the largest British island in the Caribbean. I immigrated to London in 1955 to join my mother and earn a living. She had emigrated in 1948. In 1967 I completed a PhD at Edinburgh University. Now retired, I was a cereal grain scientist and lectured at Heriot‐Watt University, Edinburgh on the science and technology of brewing and distilling. I have had the good fortune to represent Heriot‐Watt and Scotland in these disciplines all over the world. A most memorable visit was to Africa to help with the growth and processing of the tropical grain, sorghum. Before a lecture a young African spoke to me in a local language believing I was a company representative. He was angry! Now, although my ancestors may have come from that part of Africa, I had no idea what was being said to me. One of my African ex‐students over‐ heard the young man, laughed and explained he was asking, "Why is the company sending a Scotsman to speak to us?" During a visit to Register House, Edinburgh last year I noticed a poster referring to "The distribution of Scottish people around the world". With a smile I said to my host that I hoped people of Scottish descent in the Caribbean were included in this survey of the Scottish Diaspora. He turned and said goodbye quickly to get away from a Jamaican who had suddenly taken leave of his senses. Talking about Scottish‐Caribbean history elsewhere in Scotland elicited similar responses.
    [Show full text]
  • Ireland and the British Empire.Pdf
    THE OXFORD HISTORY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE companion series THE OXFORD HISTORY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE Volume I. The Origins of Empire edited by Nicholas Canny Volume II. The Eighteenth Century edited by P. J. Marshall Volume III. The Nineteenth Century edited by Andrew Porter Volume IV. The Twentieth Century edited by Judith M. Brown and Wm. Roger Louis Volume V. Historiography edited by Robin W. Winks THE OXFORD HISTORY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE companion series Wm. Roger Louis, CBE, D.Litt., FBA Kerr Professor of English History and Culture, University of Texas, Austin and Honorary Fellow of St Antony’s College, Oxford editor-in-chief u Ireland and the British Empire u Kevin Kenny Professor of History, Boston College editor 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sa˜o Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York ß Oxford University Press 2004 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2004 First published in paperback 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization.
    [Show full text]