Chapter 8: Memory SW
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All in the Mind Psychology for the Curious
All in the Mind Psychology for the Curious Third Edition Adrian Furnham and Dimitrios Tsivrikos www.ebook3000.com This third edition first published 2017 © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Edition history: Whurr Publishers Ltd (1e, 1996); Whurr Publishers Ltd (2e, 2001) Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148‐5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley‐blackwell. The right of Adrian Furnham and Dimitrios Tsivrikos to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. -
Long-Term Memory Vs. Short-Term Memory
Long-term Memory vs. Short-term Memory Chapter 6 Learning Objective Topics ¢ Divisions of LTM ¢ Are LTM and STM two separate processes? ¢ How do we get information from STM into LTM? l Modal Model l Levels of Processing 1 Division of LTM Working Memory Autobiographical Prospective Other types: source memory, false memory, meta-memory, memory for discourse, memory for pictures, everyday memory, recent vs. remote LTM … 2 Modal Model Decay Focus of Today’s Class… Decay 3 Focus of Today’s Class… Decay Questions for Today Are short term and long term memory are two distinct processes?" " " How do we get information from short term memory into long term memory?" " 4 Nature of Short-Term Memory vs. Long-Term Try to remember these words as I read them aloud Nature of Short-Term Memory vs. Long-Term Now write down all the words that you remember from the list We will tally responses for each word (excel sheet) 5 Two distinct memory stores? ¢! Why does this happen?" ¢! What were you doing to remember them?" ¢! How does this relate to short and long term memory?" Evidence for two distinct memory stores Serial position effect in recall Primacy effect = LTM Recency effect = STM 6 Primacy Effect: Rehearsal" ¢! What do you think would happen if you slowed down the presentation rate?" 7 Evidence for two distinct memory stores Primacy effect boosted by slower Recency effect presentation unaffected by rate presentation rate ¢! What do you think would happen if we added a 30 second delay after I read the list?" 8 Evidence for two distinct memory stores -
False Memory Syndrome: "The Female Malady"
Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies Volume 5 Article 3 1-1-1996 False Memory Syndrome: "The Female Malady" Erin Brady Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/djls This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Recommended Citation Erin Brady, "False Memory Syndrome: "The Female Malady"" (1996) 5 Dal J Leg Stud 69. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Schulich Law Scholars. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies by an authorized editor of Schulich Law Scholars. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FALSE MEMORY SYNDROME: "THE FEMALE MALADY" 1 ERIN BRADyt The theory of memory repression has been both relied on by adult survivors as evidence of sexual crimes committed against them, and endorsed by many of the higher courts in Canada, including the Supreme Court of Canada. Advocates of the false memory syndrome refute the scientific validity of repressed memories, and vigorously oppose their judicial acceptance, by contending that recovered memories of childhood abuse are more often the product of a therapeudic relationship gone wrong. An examination of the manner in which the false memory syndrome is being pleaded by defence counsel, and heard by Canadian courts, reveals that it is a decidedly gendered phenomenon and employed almost exclusively to describe female experience. The article explores the anti-women stereotypes which underlie the defence and seeks to demonstrate the extent to which the false memory syndrome represents a formidable obstacle to all survivors of sexual abuse seeking legal redress. -
False-Memory Stories
Telling Incest: Narratives of Dangerous Remembering from Stein to Sapphire Janice Doane and Devon Hodges http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=10780 The University of Michigan Press, 2009. Chapter 5 The Science of Memory False-Memory Stories False Memory Syndrome Foundation members, largely those who have been accused of child abuse and expert witnesses on their behalf, have compelling reasons to insist that repressed memories of abuse be veri‹ed by clear and con- vincing empirical evidence, precisely the kind of evidence often lacking in incestuous abuse cases.1 While there are cases where a child with venereal dis- ease or a bleeding vagina is admitted to an emergency room and evidence obtained of abuse, signs of molestation may not be at all obvious. Adults have been mistakenly charged with abuse as a result of misreadings of physical evi- dence, resulting, for example, from incorrect assumptions about what “nor- mal” genitals and hymens are supposed to look like (Nathan and Snedeker, 180–81). And children enjoined to silence may long delay reports of abuse, with the result that physical marks of molestation, should they exist, would be healed by the time accusations are made. Without damning physical evidence, charges of incestuous abuse are hard to prove. If the memory wars re›ect deep ambivalence about the declining fortunes of patriarchal authority, they are sus- tained by problems with collecting incontrovertible evidence of sexual abuse, whether to vindicate accusers or the accused. What is debated are less tangible archives of the past. As we have seen, proponents of recovered memory focus on psychological processes, such as repression and dissociation, that long impede the recollection of sexual abuse. -
Pnas11052ackreviewers 5098..5136
Acknowledgment of Reviewers, 2013 The PNAS editors would like to thank all the individuals who dedicated their considerable time and expertise to the journal by serving as reviewers in 2013. Their generous contribution is deeply appreciated. A Harald Ade Takaaki Akaike Heather Allen Ariel Amir Scott Aaronson Karen Adelman Katerina Akassoglou Icarus Allen Ido Amit Stuart Aaronson Zach Adelman Arne Akbar John Allen Angelika Amon Adam Abate Pia Adelroth Erol Akcay Karen Allen Hubert Amrein Abul Abbas David Adelson Mark Akeson Lisa Allen Serge Amselem Tarek Abbas Alan Aderem Anna Akhmanova Nicola Allen Derk Amsen Jonathan Abbatt Neil Adger Shizuo Akira Paul Allen Esther Amstad Shahal Abbo Noam Adir Ramesh Akkina Philip Allen I. Jonathan Amster Patrick Abbot Jess Adkins Klaus Aktories Toby Allen Ronald Amundson Albert Abbott Elizabeth Adkins-Regan Muhammad Alam James Allison Katrin Amunts Geoff Abbott Roee Admon Eric Alani Mead Allison Myron Amusia Larry Abbott Walter Adriani Pietro Alano Isabel Allona Gynheung An Nicholas Abbott Ruedi Aebersold Cedric Alaux Robin Allshire Zhiqiang An Rasha Abdel Rahman Ueli Aebi Maher Alayyoubi Abigail Allwood Ranjit Anand Zalfa Abdel-Malek Martin Aeschlimann Richard Alba Julian Allwood Beau Ances Minori Abe Ruslan Afasizhev Salim Al-Babili Eric Alm David Andelman Kathryn Abel Markus Affolter Salvatore Albani Benjamin Alman John Anderies Asa Abeliovich Dritan Agalliu Silas Alben Steven Almo Gregor Anderluh John Aber David Agard Mark Alber Douglas Almond Bogi Andersen Geoff Abers Aneel Aggarwal Reka Albert Genevieve Almouzni George Andersen Rohan Abeyaratne Anurag Agrawal R. Craig Albertson Noga Alon Gregers Andersen Susan Abmayr Arun Agrawal Roy Alcalay Uri Alon Ken Andersen Ehab Abouheif Paul Agris Antonio Alcami Claudio Alonso Olaf Andersen Soman Abraham H. -
Abstracts (PDF)
Abstracts of the Psychonomic Society — Volume 4 — November 1999 40th Annual Meeting — November 18–21, 1999 — Los Angeles, California Posters 1–6 Thursday Evening Papers and Posters Presented at the 40th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society Century Plaza Hotel, Los Angeles, California November 18–21, 1999 POSTER SESSION I other animal forms (e.g., birds, cats, horses). We will also report vari- California Showroom, Thursday Evening, 7:00–8:30 ations across these displays in the orientation specificity of sensitiv- ity, discussing possible implications for accounts of biological mo- •PERCEPTION • tion perception. (1) (4) Deficits of Complex Form Perception and Attention in a Patient Representing the “What” and the “Where” of Undetected With Partial Achromatopsia. RACHEL E. SHOUP, University of Change. IAN M. THORNTON, Nissan Cambridge Basic Research, California, Davis, & JAMIE A. MAZER & JACK L. GALLANT, & DIEGO FERNANDEZ-DUQUE, University of Oregon—Studies of University of California, Berkeley—Physiological studies in non- change blindness demonstrate that we are seldom aware of everything human primates suggest that cortical area V4 is important for the per- that is before our eyes. However, these studies may be telling us more ception of both color and form. Cells in V4 are also modulated by at- about the limits of visual awareness than about the limits of visual rep- tention. Because humans with V4 lesions typically exhibit severe resentation. Specifically, we have suggested that the explicit reports achromatopsia, most studies of these patients have focused on color used for most change blindness tasks underestimate the visual system’s vision. We assessed form vision and attention in a patient, A.R., with ability to represent change. -
Dr. MASAUD ANSARI REMEMBRING and FORGETTING: MEMORY (Lecture Series-1)
REMEMBRING AND FORGETTING: MEMORY (Lecture Series-1) B.A. Ist (Subsidiary) (Fundamental/General Psychology) BY Dr. MASAUD ANSARI Department of Psychology, A.P.S.M. College, Barauni L. N. M. University, Darbhanga 19th M A Y 2 0 2 0 Memory Memory is learning that has persisted over time, information that has been stored and can be retrieved. To a psychologist, evidence that learning persists takes three forms: ▪ Recall—retrieving information that is not currently in your conscious awareness but that was learned at an earlier time. A fill-in-the-blank question tests your recall. ▪ Recognition—identifying items previously learned. A multiple-choice question tests your recognition. ▪ Relearning—learning something more quickly when you learn it a second or later time. When you study for a final exam or engage a language used in early childhood, you will relearn the material more easily than you did initially. Be thankful for memory. We take it for granted, except when it malfunctions. But it is our memory that accounts for time and defines our life. It is our memory that enables us to recognize family, speak our language, find our way home, and locate food and water. It is our memory that enables us to enjoy an experience and then mentally replay and enjoy it again. Our shared memories help bind us together as Irish or Aussies, as Serbs or Albanians. And it is our memory that occasionally pits us against those whose offenses we cannot forget. Conti… At the other extreme are people who would be gold medal winners in a memory Olympics. -
Inquiry Into the Practice of Recovered Memory Therapy
INQUIRY INTO THE PRACTICE OF RECOVERED MEMORY THERAPY September 2005 Report by the Health Services Commissioner to the Minister for Health, the Hon. Bronwyn Pike MP under Section 9(1)(m) of the Health Services (Conciliation and Review) Act 1987 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 DEFINITIONS...............................................................................................................................4 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................7 3 RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................17 4 BACKGROUND TO THE INQUIRY.....................................................................................18 4.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................18 4.2 Terms of Reference.............................................................................................................19 4.3 The Inquiry Team ................................................................................................................20 4.4 Methodology...........................................................................................................................20 4.4.1 Literature review ..........................................................................................................20 4.4.2 Legislative review ........................................................................................................20 -
Shiffrin, R. M., & Schneider, W
Psychological Review Copyright 1984 by the 1984, Vol. 91, No. 2, 269-276 American Psychological Association, Inc. Theoretical Note Automatic and Controlled Processing Revisited Richard M. Shiffrin Walter Schneider Indiana University University of Illinois The theory of automatic and controlled processing outlined in Schneider and Shiffrin (1977) and in Shiffrin and Schneider (1977) is defended in the present note. We argue that the criticisms of Ryan (1983) range from irrelevant to incorrect, based on a brief review of data from the 1977 articles and on some more recent publications. The evidence Ryan discusses comes from the prememorized-list paradigm, a par- adigm that undoubtedly involves automatic and controlled processes but probably not automatic detection and controlled search. We argue that a variety of mechanisms consistent with our general theory, some automatic and some controlled, could be operating in the prememorized-list paradigm and can explain the observed results. A theory of automatic and controlled processing effortless process that is not limited by short-term was outlined and given empirical support in the memory capacity, is not under direct subject control, articles of Schneider and Shiffrin (1977) and Shiffrin and performs well-developed skilled behaviors. It and Schneider (1977). The characteristics of both typically develops when subjects process stimuli in types of processes were established through ex- consistent fashion over many trials; it is difficult to amination of particular examples of each of these suppress, modify, or ignore, once learned. Con- classes of processes. These examples, of critical im- trolled processing is often slow, generally serial, ef- portance in many search and attention tasks, were fortful, capacity limited, subject regulated, and is termed automatic detection and controlled search, used to deal with novel or inconsistent information. -
The Psychology of Food Choice Shepherd E Raats 2006.Pdf
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE This series of books addresses a wide range of topics in nutritional science. The books are aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, university teachers, policy-makers and nutrition and health professionals. They offer original syntheses of knowledge, providing a fresh perspective on key topics in nutritional science. Each title is written by a single author or by groups of authors who are acknowledged experts in their field. Titles include aspects of molecular, cellular and whole-body nutrition and cover humans and wild, captive and domesticated animals. Basic nutritional science, clinical nutrition and public health nutrition are each addressed by titles in the series. Editor in Chief P.C. Calder, University of Southampton, UK Editorial Board A. Bell, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA F. Kok, Wageningen University, The Netherlands A. Lichtenstein, Tufts University, Massachusetts, USA I. Ortigues-Marty, INRA, Thiex, France P. Yaqoob, University of Reading, UK K. Younger, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland Titles available 1. Nutrition and Immune Function Edited by P.C. Calder, C.J. Field and H.S. Gill 2. Fetal Nutrition and Adult Disease: Programming of Chronic Disease through Fetal Exposure to Undernutrition Edited by S.C. Langley-Evans 3. The Psychology of Food Choice Edited by R. Shepherd and M. Raats This page intentionally left blank THE PSYCHOLOGY OF FOOD CHOICE Edited by Richard Shepherd and Monique Raats Food, Consumer Behaviour and Health Research Centre Department of Psychology University of Surrey Guildford, UK in association with The Nutrition Society CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI Head Office CABI North American Office Nosworthy Way 875 Massachusetts Avenue Wallingford 7th Floor Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org ©The Authors 2006. -
Verbal Labeling, Gradual Decay, and Sudden Death in Visual Short-Term Memory
Verbal labeling, gradual decay, and sudden death in visual short-term memory Chris Donkin, Robert Nosofsky, Jason Gold & Richard Shiffrin Psychonomic Bulletin & Review ISSN 1069-9384 Psychon Bull Rev DOI 10.3758/s13423-014-0675-5 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Psychonomic Society, Inc.. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Psychon Bull Rev DOI 10.3758/s13423-014-0675-5 BRIEF REPORT Verbal labeling, gradual decay, and sudden death in visual short-term memory Chris Donkin & Robert Nosofsky & Jason Gold & Richard Shiffrin # Psychonomic Society, Inc. 2014 Abstract Zhang and Luck (Psychological Science, 20,423– continuous value of visual objects is lost in an all-or-none 428, 2009) found that perceptual memories are lost over time fashion (“sudden death”), rather than gradually. According to via sudden death rather than gradual decay. However, they this view, the initial memory that is formed is maintained in its acknowledged that participants may have instead lost memory entirety until some moment in time, at which it is suddenly and for the locations of objects. -
4.4 TYPES of MEMORY the Last Two Sections Focused on Nature of Memory and the Various Models of Memory
4.1 INTRODUCTION Memory Consider the following examples: Do you know how to ride a bike? If you know, then how much do you think about rotating the pedals or balancing while riding the bike? How much time do you take while processing the information of a repeated television advertisement that you are watching? Do you remember the last time you met your school teacher? Instances mentioned above and other such instances, highlight the importance of memory in everyday life. The term memory refers to conscious retrieval of previously experienced information. So, for the above instances, the process of conscious retrieval of the experienced information is the part of the process. However, all instances involve different types of memory! A glance over the two preceding units on Perception and Learning, reflect that the two processes are important for human behavior along with Memory. Perception, learning and memory are closely linked. An object or event is perceived, learned, memorized and recalled, thereby helping the individual to adapt. In this unit, we shall turn our attention to the process of memory. In the first part of the unit, nature, scope and models of memory will be explained followed by types of memory. In the latter part of the unit, we shall summarize about the process of forgetting and the strategies to improve memory. 4.2 NATURE AND SCOPE OF MEMORY What did you eat in dinner yesterday? What is the name of your best friend? Do you know how to drive a car or ride a cycle? How did you feel when you got highest marks in your class? The mental process you used to answer all of these questions is known as memory.