All in the Mind Psychology for the Curious
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A Unified Framework of the Shared Aesthetic Experience" (2016)
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2016 A Unified rF amework of the Shared Aesthetic Experience Huakai Liao Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Liao, Huakai, "A Unified Framework of the Shared Aesthetic Experience" (2016). CMC Senior Theses. Paper 1307. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1307 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Claremont McKenna College A Unified Framework of the Shared Aesthetic Experience submitted to Piercarlo Valdesolo and Dean Peter Uvin by Huakai Liao for Senior Thesis Fall 2015 01/25/2016 0 Acknowledgement First of all, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my thesis advisor, Dr. Valdesolo, for the continuous support throughout this project as well as my entire undergraduate career. There have been very difficult times during the span of this project. I could not thank him enough for his support and understanding during those times. I still remembered the first day of freshman year when I asked him to join his laboratory to study emotion and he said yes. The interest in emotion has grown since then and led me to my other thesis in computer science on the topic of building emotional machine as well as the current project. I would also like to thank Dr. Halpern for her support. Even after her retirement, her door has always been open whenever I ran into trouble. She supported and cared for me during some of my difficult times. -
The Lived Economics of Love and a Spirituality for Every Day: Wealth Inequality, Anthropology, and Motivational Theory After Harlow’S Monkeys
The Lived Economics of Love and a Spirituality for Every Day: Wealth Inequality, Anthropology, and Motivational Theory after Harlow’s Monkeys Christian Early Introduction The current inequality of wealth is at an all-time high, and the best estimates indicate that inequality will only increase in future. This is true not only in North America but globally as well. A recent Global Wealth Report states that less than one percent of the world’s adult population own just below forty percent of global household wealth.1 In America, the top quintile own eighty-four percent of the country’s wealth, while the lower two quintiles combined own less than one percent of it.2 What are we to make of the widening gap between rich and poor? What, if anything, does it say about who we are as human beings? In The Heart of L’Arche: A Spirituality for Every Day, Jean Vanier proposes a spirituality centered on what he calls “the mystery of the poor.”3 All human beings carry a burden of brokenness and deep needs, he argues, which cries out for healing through friendship. The real difference between the rich and the poor, aside from their financial status which is in plain sight, is that the rich are capable of hiding their brokenness from others and from themselves. It is difficult for them to own their own (true) poverty. The poor, by contrast, cannot hide it; they know too well that they are trapped in a broken self-image and stand in need of others. The acknowledgment of their situation—their inability to hide their predicament from themselves—is their gift. -
Concepts As Correlates of Lexical Labels. a Cognitivist Perspective
This is a submitted manuscript version. The publisher should be contacted for permission to re-use or reprint the material in any form. Final published version, copyright Peter Lang: https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-05287-9 Sławomir Wacewicz Concepts as Correlates of Lexical Labels. A Cognitivist Perspective. This is a submitted manuscript version. The publisher should be contacted for permission to re-use or reprint the material in any form. Final published version, copyright Peter Lang: https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-05287-9 CONTENTS Introduction………………………………………………………………... 6 PART I INTERNALISTIC PERSPECTIVE ON LANGUAGE IN COGNITIVE SCIENCE Preliminary remarks………………………………………………………… 17 1. History and profile of Cognitive Science……………………………….. 18 1.1. Introduction…………………………………………………………. 18 1.2. Cognitive Science: definitions and basic assumptions ……………. 19 1.3. Basic tenets of Cognitive 22 Science…………………………………… 1.3.1. Cognition……………………………………………………... 23 1.3.2. Representationism and presentationism…………………….... 25 1.3.3. Naturalism and physical character of mind…………………... 28 1.3.4. Levels of description…………………………………………. 30 1.3.5. Internalism (Individualism) ………………………………….. 31 1.4. History……………………………………………………………... 34 1.4.1. Prehistory…………………………………………………….. 35 1.4.2. Germination…………………………………………………... 36 1.4.3. Beginnings……………………………………………………. 37 1.4.4. Early and classical Cognitive Science………………………… 40 1.4.5. Contemporary Cognitive Science……………………………... 42 1.4.6. Methodological notes on interdisciplinarity………………….. 52 1.5. Summary…………………………………………………………. 59 2. Intrasystemic and extrasystemic principles of concept individuation 60 2.1. Existential status of concepts ……………………………………… 60 2 This is a submitted manuscript version. The publisher should be contacted for permission to re-use or reprint the material in any form. Final published version, copyright Peter Lang: https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-05287-9 2.1.1. -
Unit 4: Study Guide Motivation and Emotion
Unit 4: Study Guide Motivation and Emotion In studying motivation, students learn about the forces that influence the strength and direction of behavior including homeostasis. They discover that although early theories of motivation focused on internal instincts, needs, and drives, later theories acknowledged the role of external incentives. The concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are also examined. Students also learn that more recent theories conceptualize motives into at least two distinct types: primary (physiological) and secondary (social). In the case of the primary motives – such as hunger, thirst, pain, and sex – psychologists have identified many of the neural and hormonal mechanisms that are associated with the motivational state. The motives for sex and aggression appear to be more complex than those for hunger and thirst, involving both physiological and environmental mechanisms; however, even hunger appears to be influenced by environmental stimuli, particularly in the case of people who are obese. The study of emotion centers on the complex interactions between cognition and physiological mechanisms that are associated with feelings of love, hate, fear, and jealousy. Different theories – such as James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schachter-Singer, and opponent- process theory - provide different explanations of the relationship between physiological changes and emotional experiences. Central to much current theory and research is the concept of arousal; that is, the activation of several physiological systems at the same time, suggesting a relationship between task performance and level of arousal. CR8: The course provides instruction in motivation and emotion Text: Chapter 12 (pp. 469 – 510) Chapter 13 (pp. 513 – 544) Student Resources: Flashcards from text www.worthpublishers.com/myers8e I can see it all over your face, Forty Studies, pp. -
Bob Zajonc and the Unconscious Emotion ISSN 1754-0739 DOI: 10.1177/1754073910375480 Er.Sagepub.Com
Emotion Review Vol. 2, No. 4 (October 2010) 353–362 © 2010 SAGE Publications and The International Society for Research on Emotion Bob Zajonc and the Unconscious Emotion ISSN 1754-0739 DOI: 10.1177/1754073910375480 er.sagepub.com Piotr Winkielman Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, USA and Warsaw School of Social Psychology, Poland Abstract This article focuses on Bob Zajonc’s views on unconscious emotion, especially in the context of the debates about the independ- ence of affect and cognition. Historically, Bob was always interested in the “mere”—basic, fundamental processes. His empirical demonstrations of precognitive and preconscious emotional processes, combined with his elegant expositions of them, sharply contrasted with cold and complex cognitive models. Interestingly, Bob tended to believe that whereas the causes of emotion can be unconscious, the emotional state itself tends to be conscious. However, he reconsidered this assumption and in his later work showed that subjects in affective priming experiments do not experience conscious affect, but instead act on basic preferences. Today, Bob’s insights continue to inspire research on “unconscious emotion.” Keywords consciousness, emotion, Zajonc The relation between emotion and consciousness interested has not only redirected the field but continues to inspire new Bob Zajonc throughout much of his career. Although he never research and new researchers. wrote a comprehensive treatise on “unconscious emotion,” he often thought and wrote about it. Most directly, Bob addressed The Background of the Idea this issue in a short essay published in the book The Nature of The Mere Emotion: Fundamental Questions edited by Paul Ekman and Richard Davison (1994). -
Memory Performance and Adaptive Strategies in Younger and Older Adults During Single and Dual Task Conditions
MEMORY PERFORMANCE AND ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES IN YOUNGER AND OLDER ADULTS DURING SINGLE AND DUAL TASK CONDITIONS VICTORIA GRACE COLLIN A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Greenwich for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2015 DECLARATION “I certify that this work has not been accepted in substance for any degree, and is not currently being submitted for any degree other than that of Doctor of Philosophy being studied at the University of Greenwich. I also declare that this work is the result of my own investigations except where otherwise identified by references and that I have not plagiarised the work of others.” Student Victoria G Collin Date First Supervisor Dr Sandhiran Patchay Date ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . Firstly I would like to thank my supervisors, Dr Sandhi Patchay, Dr Trevor Thompson and Professor Pam Maras for all of your support and guidance over the years. It’s been a long and sometimes difficult journey, and I really appreciate all of your patience and understanding. I would also like to thank Dr Mitchell Longstaff who encouraged me to embark on this journey, and for all of his help early on as my supervisor. Thanks also to all my colleagues in the department for their advice and encouragement over the years. In particular I would like to thank Dr Claire Monks who was very helpful in her role as Programme Leader- sorry for all of the annoying questions! I would like to thank all of the participants, who offered their precious time to take part in my research. -
Intelligence : Its Structure, Growth and Action
INTELLIGENCE : ITS STRUCTURE, GROWTH AND ACTION Raymond B. CATTELL Cattell Institute, Hawaii 1987 NORTH-HOLLAND AMSTERDAM . NEW YORK ' OXFORD . TOKYO @ ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS B.V., 1987 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any way, form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN : 0 444 87922 6 Publishers: ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS B.V. P.O.Box 1991 1000 BZ Amsterdam The Netherlands Sole distributors for the U.S.A. and Canada: ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. 52 Vanderbilt Avenue New York, N.Y. 10017 U.S.A. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cattell, Raymond B. (Raymond Bernard), 1905- Intelligence: its structure, growth, and action. (Advances in psychology ; 35) Rev. ed. of: Abilities: their structure, growth, and action. 1971. Bibliography: p. Includes indexes. 1. Intellect. 2. Ability. I. Cattell, Raymond B. (Raymond Bernard), 1905- . Abilities: .their struc- ture, growth, and action. 11. Title. 111. Series: Advances in psychology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) ; 35. BF431.C345 1986 153.9 86-16606 ISBN 0-444-87922-6 (U.S.) PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS FOREWORD The nature and measurement of man’s abilities as a central pre- occupation of psychology had its day in the closing years of the last century and in the early decades of the present one. Unfortunately, the enterprise faltered, and interest declined as other aspects of psychology became more fashionable. Perhaps it is not entirely fair to say that interest in abilities went out of style but rather that the field stagnated, suffering from a paucity of new ideas and characterized by the persis- tence of out-moded concepts. -
Understanding Aggression Motivation: the Role of Developmental, Affect and Socio- Cognitive Factors in Offenders
UNDERSTANDING AGGRESSION MOTIVATION: THE ROLE OF DEVELOPMENTAL, AFFECT AND SOCIO- COGNITIVE FACTORS IN OFFENDERS by Ioan M Ohlsson A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Central Lancashire January 2016 i STUDENT DECLARATION Material submitted for another award I declare that no material contained in this thesis has been used in any other submission for an academic award and is solely my own work. Signature of Candidate Type of Award Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) School School of Psychology Word Count: 80,014 ii ABSTRACT This PhD aimed to understand the constructs of aggression motivation and inhibition among prisoners. The research explored the role of developmental, affect, personality and socio- cognitive factors in aggression, investigating how these factors contributed to motives and inhibitors. This addressed several gaps in our knowledge and understanding of these factors among prisoners. In doing so, it contributed to the proposal of an empirically informed developmental model of aggression motivation and inhibition for prisoners, a model potentially capable of accounting for the theoretical and clinical limitations of existing explanatory models. Study one involved 206 adult men from a medium secure prison. This study specifically examined the role of aggression (using the Aggression Motivation Questionnaire, AMQ; Ireland, 2007) and offence motivation (with the Offence Motivation Questionnaire, OMQ; Gudjonsson & Sigurdsson, 2004) and affect (using the Multidimensional Anger Inventory, MAI; Sigel, 1989). Contrary to predictions, aggression motivation extended beyond the traditional reactive versus proactive distinction, with four core motivations identified. Further challenging the previous dichotomous distinction were findings that affect was related to all motivations and not just reactive aggression. -
False Memory Syndrome: "The Female Malady"
Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies Volume 5 Article 3 1-1-1996 False Memory Syndrome: "The Female Malady" Erin Brady Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/djls This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Recommended Citation Erin Brady, "False Memory Syndrome: "The Female Malady"" (1996) 5 Dal J Leg Stud 69. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Schulich Law Scholars. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies by an authorized editor of Schulich Law Scholars. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FALSE MEMORY SYNDROME: "THE FEMALE MALADY" 1 ERIN BRADyt The theory of memory repression has been both relied on by adult survivors as evidence of sexual crimes committed against them, and endorsed by many of the higher courts in Canada, including the Supreme Court of Canada. Advocates of the false memory syndrome refute the scientific validity of repressed memories, and vigorously oppose their judicial acceptance, by contending that recovered memories of childhood abuse are more often the product of a therapeudic relationship gone wrong. An examination of the manner in which the false memory syndrome is being pleaded by defence counsel, and heard by Canadian courts, reveals that it is a decidedly gendered phenomenon and employed almost exclusively to describe female experience. The article explores the anti-women stereotypes which underlie the defence and seeks to demonstrate the extent to which the false memory syndrome represents a formidable obstacle to all survivors of sexual abuse seeking legal redress. -
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory Distortion
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Neuron, Vol. 44, 149–160, September 30, 2004, Copyright 2004 by Cell Press The Cognitive Neuroscience Review of Memory Distortion Daniel L. Schacter* and Scott D. Slotnick distortions: misattribution, suggestibility, and bias. Mis- Department of Psychology attribution occurs when retrieved information is as- Harvard University signed to the wrong source (e.g., mistaking a previously Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 imagined event for a real one); suggestibility refers to the incorporation of inaccurate information from external sources, such as misleading questions, into one’s own Memory distortion occurs in the laboratory and in ev- memories; and bias involves the distorting influences of eryday life. This article focuses on false recognition, present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection a common type of memory distortion in which individu- of previous experience. als incorrectly claim to have encountered a novel ob- Cognitive psychologists have long been interested in ject or event. By considering evidence from neuropsy- each of the distortion-related sins and have produced chology, neuroimaging, and electrophysiology, we much research concerning their properties and impli- address three questions. (1) Are there patterns of neu- cations (for reviews, see Johnson et al., 1993; Koriat ral activity that can distinguish between true and false and Goldsmith, 1996; Roediger and McDermott, 2000; recognition? (2) Which brain regions contribute to false Schacter, 2001; Schacter et al., 1998a). Such distortions recognition? (3) Which brain regions play a role in mon- have interested psychologists because they can provide itoring or reducing false recognition? Neuroimaging insight into the constructive nature of memory, revealing and electrophysiological studies suggest that sensory how bits of information are patched together to form activity is greater for true recognition compared to memories with varying degrees of accuracy. -
Chapter 8: Memory SW
Chapter 8: Memory SW By: Stephen E. Wisecarver Chapter 8: Memory SW By: Stephen E. Wisecarver Online: < http://cnx.org/content/col11816/1.1/ > OpenStax-CNX This selection and arrangement of content as a collection is copyrighted by Stephen E. Wisecarver. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Collection structure revised: June 8, 2015 PDF generated: June 9, 2015 For copyright and attribution information for the modules contained in this collection, see p. 37. Table of Contents 1 8.0 Introduction to Memory .....................................................................1 2 8.1 How Memory Functions ......................................................................5 3 8.2 Parts of the Brain Involved with Memory .................................................13 4 8.3 Problems with Memory .....................................................................19 5 8.4 Ways to Enhance Memory ..................................................................27 Glossary .............................................................................................32 Index ................................................................................................35 Attributions .........................................................................................37 iv Available for free at Connexions <http://cnx.org/content/col11816/1.1> Chapter 1 8.0 Introduction to Memory1 Figure 1.1: Photographs can trigger our memories and bring past experiences back to -
A Dynamic Systems Model of Infant Attachment Gregory T
196 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTONOMOUS MENTAL DEVELOPMENT, VOL. 1, NO. 3, OCTOBER 2009 A Dynamic Systems Model of Infant Attachment Gregory T. Stevens and Jun Zhang Abstract—Attachment, or the emotional tie between an infant arousal activity levels to changes in attachment and exploration and its primary caregiver, has been modeled as a homeostatic behaviors over time (see, e.g., [52], [66], [94], and [77]), and . process by Bowlby’s (Attachment and Loss, 1969; Anxiety and These studies suggest the possibility of homeostatic regulation Depression, 1973; Loss: Sadness and Depression, 1980). Evidence from neurophysiology has grounded such mechanism of infant models based on interactive neurochemical systems, where attachment to the dynamic interplay between an opioid-based attachment dynamics (i.e., changes in attachment behaviors proximity-seeking mechanism and an NE-based arousal system over time in response to characteristics of the environment and that are regulated by external stimuli (interaction with primary caregiving) emerge from innate mechanisms of neurophysio- caregiver and the environment). Here, we model such attachment mechanism and its dynamic regulation by a coupled system of logical regulation. Moving neurophysiological regulation to ordinary differential equations. We simulated the characteristic center stage allows data from neurophysiological studies of patterns of infant behaviors in the Strange Situation procedure, humans and primates to both constrain and inform, at least a common instrument for assessing the quality of attachment heuristically, theories and models of attachment dynamics. outcomes (“types”) for infants at about one year of age. We also According to this view, attachment can be seen simply as one manipulated the parameters of our model to account for neu- rochemical adaptation, and to allow for caregiver style (such as of many diverse and interlocking mechanisms of physiological responsiveness and other factors) and temperamental factor (such regulation (e.g., [60], [63], [78], and [79]).